Pnran > - Bmkbaptms Nsmbcn`ms no Zcasem y su Eastcòk

Vrasaktn`m pmr4
Hntèns Iaocpa Enoîk
Sakky Noaxnk`rn Zèms
Oucs Iarknk`m Juaovns Tnhjrnkm
Ockn Noaxnk`rn Ink`cþm Enock`m
Sarsmk Earnr`m Bmrran Emkznoaz

Putmr
Cke. @. Dmrea Nk`rãs Ycvnras

Erupm Km. ::<6>6]:

Qkcvarsc`n` Knbcmkno Njcartn y n @cstnkbcn

Inbuotn` `a Bcakbcns Jîscbns, Pabkmomeèn a Ckeakcarèn
Aspabcnocznbcòk ak Earakbcn `a Vrmbasms Omeèstcbms y Za`as `a Ynomr
Eastcòk `ao Zcasem ak Za`as `a Ynomr
:6:>
 

CKPZM@QBBCÒK
 

MJDAPCYMR

Mjdatcvms Eakarno

Mjdatcvms aspabèicbms
 

PNJON @A BMKPAKC@M

Coustrnbcò
Coustrnbcòk
k > @aikcbcmk
@aikcbcmk `a rmoas..................
rmoas.................................
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Coustrnbcòk : Bun`rm bmhpnrnvm `ao hm`aom LMVGCK y KPB 2>666..........................................................3
 

ZMOAR ADAZBC@MR

Coustrnbcòk > @aikcbcmk `a rmoas

Pnjon > @aickcbcòk `a rmoas4 sa raprasaktnk oms rmoas qua iuarmk `aickc`ms pmr oms cktaernktas `ao erupm, bmk su
raspabtcvn iabln `a pujocbnbcòk ak ao imrm, bmk ao ick `a bmkmbar buîo as ao trnjndm n `asahpaþnr `a bn`n ukm `a ak
trnjndm.

 @asahpaþm eakarno4

 Oè`ar4 ons nbtcvc`n`as raonbcmkn`ns bmk ao rmo, tnoas bmhm hmtcvnr ao erupm, nsceknr tnrans

y bmmr`cknr ao trnjndm bmonjmrntcvm iuarmk `asahpaþn`ns bmk suicbcakbcn y `ahmstrnk`m

ukn ernk bmhpatakbcn ak oc`arnzem y npmym. Ons avc`akbcns `a su pnpao lnk sc`m

`mbuhaktn`ns ak ao imrm bmonjmrntcvm.

 Nknocstn4 ons nbtcvc`n`as raonbcmkn`ns bmk ao rmo, tnoas bmhm `csbutcr ons pnrtcbcpnbcmkas m

npmrtas `a oms bmh

npmrtas bmhpnþ
pnþarms
arms bmk nre
nreuha
uhaktm
ktmss sòoc`m
sòoc`mss iuarmk
iuarmk `asahpa
`asahpaþn`
þn`ns
ns `a imrh
imrhnn
mpmrtukn. Ons avc`akbcns `a su pnpao lnk sc`m `mbuhaktn`ns ak ao imrm bmonjmrntcvm.

 Axpomr
Axpomrn`mr
n`mr44 ons nbtcvc
nbtcvc`n`
`n`as
as rao
raonbc
nbcmkn`
mkn`ns
ns bmk ao rmo,
rmo, tno
tnoas
as bmhm
bmhm axpomr
axpomrnr
nr y npmrtn
npmrtnr 
r 

 jcjocmernièn n`cbcmkno pnrn bmhpoahaktnr on ckimrhnbcòk iuarmk `asahpaþn`ns bmk

suicbcakbcn y `ahmstrnk`m uk asiuarzm raoavnkta ak su ckvastcenbcòk. Ons avc`akbcns `a su

 pnpao lnk sc`m `mbuhaktn`ns ak ao imrm

imr m bmonjmrntcvm. 

 Bmhpcon`mr avnoun`mr4 ons nbtcvc`n`as raonbcmkn`ns bmk ao rmo, tnoas bmhm bmhpconr oms

npmrtas `a oms bmhpnþarms ak uk ôkcbm `mbuhaktm y avnounr bn`n ukm `a aooms n on ouz `a
 

oms raquarchcaktms `a on euèn iuarmk `asahpaþn`ns bmk suicbcakbcn y `ahmstrnk`m ukn

 juakn bmhprakscòk `a oms raqucsctms smocbctn`ms. Ons avc`akbcns `a su pnpao lnk sc`m

`mbuhaktn`ns ak ao imrm bmonjmrntcvm.

Enrnkta `a on aktraen4 ons nbtcvc`n`as raonbcmkn`ns bmk ao rmo, tnoas bmhm ravcscòk `a
mrcecknoc`n` y aktraen `aickctcvn `ao prm`ubtm ickno iuarmk `asahpaþn`ns bmk suicbcakbcn,

avc`akbcn `a om buno sa pua`a var ak ao imrm bmonjmrntcvm.

Nkîocscs smjra ao `asahpaþm `ao aqucpm

@a nbuar`m n oms rmoas qua sa `aickcarmk ckcbcnohakta, sa omerò ranocznr ukn nbtcvc`n` cktaern`n

qua parhctcò bmkmbar tm`m oms bmkbaptms `a on eastcòk `a rcasem7 ao erupm trnjndm `a hnkarn

bmkduktn ao tahn, n`ahîs `a `asnrrmoonr uk juak nkîocscs smjra ao hcshm, `a tno imrhn qua sa
omerò ranocznr ukn bmhpconbcòk `a ckimrhnbcòk vnocmsn, qua parhctcò on bmkbaptunocznbcòk a

cktarcmrcznbcòk `a tm`ms oms bmkbaptms, oms bunoas astîk ponshn`ms ak asta asbrctm. Asta trnjndm ak

aqucpm parhctcò qua sa ranocznrn ukn bmrrabtn bmksabubcòk `a on ckimrhnbcòk on buno parhctcrî n

bunoqucar oabtmr bmkmbar oms iuk`nhaktms `a on eastcòk `ao rcasem y su npocbnjcoc`n` ak ons

mrenkcznbcmkas.
 

Nbtcvc`n`as Bmonjmrntcvns

NBPCYC@N@ B>

Bmkb
Bmkbapt
aptun
unoc
ocznr
znr ons
ons sc
sceu
euca
cakt
ktas
as îra
îrans
ns aspab
aspabcn
cnoc
oczn
zn`ns
`ns pn
pnrn
rn on eas
eastc
tcòk
òk `a
`aoo rc
rcas
asem
em (E
(EZ)4
Z)4 EZ 

Icknkbcarm, EZ oaeno, EZ mparnbcmkno y EZ ak on bn`akn `a njnstabchcaktm. C`aktcicbnr no hakms

mt
mtrn
rnss tras
ras îran
îranss as
aspa
pabc
bcno
nocz
czn`
n`ns
ns pn
pnrn
rn on ea
east
stcò
còkk `a
`aoo rc
rcas
asem
em y ra
rano
nocczn
znrr su ra
rasp
spab
abttcvn

bmkbaptunocznbcòk. Lnbar uk asbrctm aktra hèkchm :66 y hîxchm 066 pnonjrns pnrn bn`n îran.

EZ Icknkbcarm

Bunk`m lnjonhms `a rcasem as chpmrtnkta hnkciastnr qua lnba raiarakbcnk noeukn nhaknzn qua
 pua`a bnusnr ukn niabtnbcòk ak ukn aktc`n` y ak pnrtcbuonr scahpra sa raioadn ak on pnrta

icknkbcarn, pmr tno hmtcvm sa `ajak nknocznr tm`ms oms prmbasms qua sa adabutnk pmr pnrta `a oms

cktaernkta `a on mrenkcznbcòk, bmk ao ick varcicbnr oms inbtmras `a rcasems y on prmbasnhcaktm `a

`ntms abmkòhcbms qua scrvak pnrn ukn tmhn `abcscmkas `aktrm oms `crabtcvms, as nsè, qua sa `ajak

chpoahaktnr astrntaecns qua parhctnk branr bmkicnkzn nkta oms bocaktas qua parbcjnk uk hnkadm

n`abun`m ak on raktnjcoc`n` `ao harbn`m, enrnktèn ak on n`hckcstrnbcòk `a sus icknkzns y su

bnpctno ak eakarno, tm`m astm `aja bmktnr bmk uk nkîocscs, astu`cm y trntnhcaktm `a on eastcòk `a

rcasem `a hnkarn cktaerno qua nyu`a n hctcenr `a hnkarn aicbnz bunoqucar niabtnbcòk ak ao kmrhno

iukbcmknhcaktm `a on aktc`n`.

@a nbuar`m n on scstahntcznbcòk `a oms prmbasms y prmba`chcaktms icknkbcarms, buaktnk bmk ukns

larrnhc
larrnhcakt
aktns
ns qua nyu`
nyu`nk
nk no akim
akimqua
qua mpmrt
mpmrtukm
ukm `a on eastc
eastcòk
òk `ao rcasem,
rcasem, yn qua `aktrm `ao

harbn
harbn`m
`m sa pua
pua`a
`akk ak
akbm
bmkt
ktrn
rnrr bmk `c
`ckî
kîhc
hcbn
bnss `c
`cia
iarak
rakta
tass bn`n
bn`n `è
`ènn qua sa `a
`aja
jakk nd
ndust
ustnr
nr on

mrenkcznbcmkas, pnrn takar ukn ponk `a raspuastn aicbnz ak ao hnkadm `a asns ckbartc`uhjras qua
 

sa oa pua`nk prasaktnr, pnrn `a asn hnkarn enrnktcznr ukn n`hckcstrnbcòk `a eastcòk `a rcasem

icknkbcarn rmjustn qua jock`a on ckimrhnbcòk, bnpctno y prmbasms jndm su raspmksnjcoc`n`.

EZ Oaeno

Ak asta tcpm `a rcasem, sa hntarcnoczn no hmhaktm `a eakarnr uk ckbuhpochcaktm ak ao nbuar`m `a

vmouktn`as qua takenk bmhprmhcsms qua sa raeuoak pmr ha`cm `a ukn kmrhn m oayas vceaktas,

 pmr tno hmtcvm sa pua`a eakarn

eakarnrr ukn snk
snkbcòk
bcòk icknkbcarn qua niabtn n ukn `a ons pnrtas chpocbn`ns,

chpnbtnk`m `crabtnhakta ak ons hatns astnjoabc`ns ak asta nbuar`m. Sn san aktra parsmkns

knturnoas m parsmkns durè`cbns, sck ahjnrem, schuonk`m qua san ha`cnkta ukn ahprasn sa

tcpcicqua ukn nhaknzn qua bnusa ckbartc`uhjra pmr ukn pmscjoa inoon ak ao buhpochcaktm `a ons

bmk`cbcmkas pnbtn`ns, sa pua`a prm`ubcr ernk`as pãr`c`ns bmhm bmksabuakbcn `a on adabubcòk `a

 prmbasms qua sa prasaktnk ak on mrenkcznbcòk y astns km buhpoak bmk on oay y on km
kmrhntcvc`n`
rhntcvc`n` qua

npocqua pnrn ao bnsm ak pnrtcbuonr.

Nukn`m n om nktarcmr, sa avc`akbcn qua, no hmhaktm `a nknocznr y astu`cnr ao rcasem oaeno, sa

njnrbn tm`m om raonbcmkn`m bmk nbtcvc`n`as qua sa hnkadnk tnktm ak sabtmr icknkbcarm bmhm on

bcakbcn `ao `arablm, yn qua ak hublms bnsms oms njmen`ms smk oms akbnren`ms `a astu`cnr,

eastcmknr y branr astrntaecns qua nyu`nr pravakcr ons ckbartc`uhjras qua pua`ak mbnscmknr asta
tcpm `a rcasems, as nsè qua sa `ajak tmhnr `abcscmkas aicbnbas qua adarznk saeuchcaktm, bmktrmo y

trntnhcakt
trntnhcaktmm n on eastcòk `ao rcasem oaeno, ukn vaz sa ranocba on `asbrcpbcòk `ao cshm y sa imbnocba

ons îrans `a niabtnbcòk, bmk su pmscjoa smoubcòk `a eastcòk `ao rcasem.

EZ mparnbcmkno

Bunk`m sa lnjon `a asta rcasem, sa lnba raiarakbcn n ukn niabtnbcòk bnusn`m pmr uk arrmr ak oms

 prmbasms y prmba`chcaktms adabutn`ms, yn san pmr uk hno hnkadm pmr

p mr pnrta
p nrta `a uk mparnrcm
mp arnrcm m pmr 
pm r 
 

ukn hnon tmhn `abcscòk qua chpnbtn ak ao kmrhno `asnrrmoom `ao prmbasm `a ukn ahprasn

`atarhckn`n, m ak su `aiabtm hno usm `a oms scstahns `a ckimrhnbcòk utcoczn`ms yn san `a on pnrta

icknkbcarn, omeèstcbn m n`hckcstrntcvn, qua oòecbnhakta parturjn ao buhpochcaktm `a oms mjdatcvms

trnzn`ms, yn qua `aktrm `a asta rcasem sa pua`ak prasaktnr ernk`a nhaknzns pmr qua sc jcak as
bc
bcart
artmm ak bn
bn`n
`n mre
mrenk
nkcz
cznb
nbcò
còkk sa `aja
`aja astu
astu`c
`cnr
nr y `a
`asbr
sbrcj
cjcr
cr on
onss pm
pmsc
scjo
joas
as bn
bnusn
usnss `a
`aoo rc
rcas
asem
em

mparnbcmkno, ckcbcnk`m `as`a on varcicbnbcòk `ao hnpn `a prmbasms `a on aktc`n`, y `a astn hnkarn

c`aktcicbnr pmscjoas inoons tnktn cktarkns bmhm axtarkn, qua niabta on abmkmhèn `a on mrenkcznbcòk,

y `a astn hnkarn sa `aja varcicbnr `a hnkarn astrcbtn tm`ns ons raspmksnjcoc`n`as `a on ahprasn

ak ao buhpochcaktm `a on kmrhn, prmbasms astnk`nrczn`ms, eastcòk `a bnoc`n`, scstahns `a eastcòk

cktaerno y smjra tm`m on eastcòk `a rcasem mparnbcmkno `aktrm `a on hcshn, pnrn `a astn imrhn

bmkboucr
bmkboucr sc sa `aja ranocznr nbbcmkas `a hadmrn m ak su `aiabtm imrtno
imrtnoabar
abar oms puktms `a bmktrmo
bmktrmo y

 ponkas `a nbbcòk qua hctceuak bunoqucar rcasem qua pm

pmkenk
kenk ak paocerm on eastcòk `a oms prmbasms

adabutn`ms y qua astîk `aktrm on astrntaecn `a kaembcm `a on mrenkcznbcòk.

EZ ak on bn`akn `a njnstabchcaktm

Ak asta rcasem sa pua`a `abcr qua sa prasaktn no hmhaktm `a eakarnrsa ukn niabtnbcòk ak

bunoqucar asonjòk `a on bn`akn `a suhckcstrm, yn qua sa pua`a cktarruhpcr su adabubcòk no

hmhaktm `a buhpocr bmk su bcbom omeèstcbm, yn san ak on atnpn `a su prmyabbcòk, nohnbaknhcaktm,

eastcòk `a prmvaa`mras, trnkspmrta, eastcòk `a ckvaktnrcm y hnkadm `a bocaktas, ak noeukn `a astns

atnpns pua`a
pua`a hntarcno
hntarcnocznrsa
cznrsa uk rcasem `a nbuar`m n qua ak ao `èn n `èn sa tcaka ukn ckhck
ckhckakta
akta

nhaknzn ak su kmrhno iukbcmknhcaktm, y asta pua`a raioadnrsa pmr ha`cm `a uk tarbarm a `abcr 

arrmr luhnkm m inoon ak ao prmbasms `a on hnqucknrcn.

@aktrm `a on eastcòk `ao rcasem `a on bn`akn `a njnstabchcaktm, sa tcakak bmkstnktahakta ak ukn

ahprasn on ckbartc`uhjra `a qua sa hntarcnocba uk rcasem, pmr on hcshn bmhpoadc`n` `a oms

 

 prmbasms, sc jcak as bcartm no hmhaktm `a trntnr `a nprmvcscmknr ao baktrm `a prm`ubbcòk `a on

mrenkcz
mrenkcznbc
nbcòk,
òk, pua
pua`a
`a npnr
npnraba
abarr ckb
ckbmkv
mkvakc
akcakt
aktaa bmk oms prmvaa`
prmvaa`mras
mras,, bmk on hnkm
hnkm `a mjrn
mjrn y

niabtnbcmkas ak ao baktrm `a prm`ubbcòk bmk pua`ak sar `nþms aoabtròkcbms qua niabtak on

 prm`ubbcòk a chpnbta `a hnkarn `crabtn

` crabtn ak ao ponzm `a aktraen `a oms jcakas injrcbn`ms no bocakta,
`a astn hnkarn
hnkarn sa axpoc
axpocbn
bn uk pmscjoa rc
rcasem
asem ak on bn`akn
bn`akn `a suhckc
suhckcstrm,
strm, m bmhm tnhjcãk
tnhjcãk rcasem

ak ao trnspmrta pmr inoon habîkcbns `a oms valèbuoms y km sa ranocznrmk nbtcvc`n`as pravakbcòk y

hctcenbcòk pmr pnrta `ao akbnrem `a asta prmba`chcaktm ak on ahprasn y oòecbnhakta hakms `ao

`crabtcvm raspmksnjoa `a nknocznr y astu`cnr a c`aktcicbnr rcasem qua bnusak niabtnbcòk ak on

bn`akn `a njnstabchcaktm.

EZ BZÃ@CPM
Ao rcasem `a brã`ctm raprasaktn on par`c`n pmtakbcno pmr on inotn `a pnem `a uk nbra`ctn`m m

bmktrnpnrta ak ons mparnbcmkas qua aiabtôn uk jnkbm. Ao îran `a brã`ctm chpoahaktn brctarcms

cktarkms pnrn uk nprmpcn`m nkîocscs, avnounbcòk, saoabbcòk y nprmjnbcòk `a oèhctas n oms bocaktas.

Bmk ao ick `a pm`ar `atarhcknr on inbtcjcoc`n` `a ba`ar oèhctas n oms bocaktas, ao îran `a brã`ctm as

akbnren`m `a mrenkcznr uk nkîocscs `a brã`ctm pnrn bn`n ukm.

Vnrn ranocznr oms raqucsctms raeuontmrcms hîs astrcbtms y bnptnr oms hîs aoavn`ms bmstms `a bnpctno
`ao rcasem `ao brã`ctm, hublms jnkbms astîk nbtunocznk`m sus akimquas ak tmrkm no rcasem `ao

brã`ctm. Varm oms jnkbms qua vak astm rceurmsnhakta bmhm uk adarbcbcm `a buhpochcaktm astîk

sc
scak
ak`m
`m ch
chpru
pru`ak
`akta
tas.
s. Vm
Vmrr om tn
tnkt
ktm,
m, ukn ha
hadm
dmrr ea
east
stcò
còkk `a
`aoo rc
rcase
asemm `a
`aoo br
brã`
ã`ct
ctmm prasak
prasaktn
tn ukn

mpmrtu
mpmrtukc`
kc`n`
n` `a had
hadmrnr
mrnr bmk
bmksc`a
sc`arnj
rnjoah
oahakt
aktaa ao `asahpa
`asahpaþm
þm eaka
eakarno
rno y nsaeurn
nsaeurnrr ukn vaktnd
vaktndnn

bmhpatctcvn.
 

Ao rcasem `a brã`ctm sa pua`a bonscicbnr ntak`cak`m n vnrcms brã`ctms. Qkn bonscicbnbcòk sarèn ak

iukbcòk `a qucãk smpmrtn ao rcasem. @a asta hm`m, oms tcpms `a rcasem `a brã`ctm sarènk4 rcasem `a

brã`ctm smpmrtn`m pmr parsmkns ièscbns, rcasem `a brã`ctm smpmrtn`m pmr ons ahprasns, rcasem `a

brã`ctm smpmrtn`m pmr ckstctubcmkas icknkbcarns. Ao rcasem `a brã`ctm sceua scak`m, ao hmtcvm
 prckbcpno `a oms hublms subasms brètcbms qua lnk vcvc`m oms scstahns jnkbnrcms `ao huk`m ak oms

ôotchms vackta nþms.

EZ HAZBN@M

Ao rcasem `a harbn`m as on pãr`c`n qua pua`a suircr uk ckvarscmkcstn `ajc`m n on `ciarakbcn ak oms

 prabcms qua sa raecstrnk ak ao harbn`m m ak hmvchcaktms `a oms oonhn`ms inbtmras `a rcasem (tnsns
( tnsns

`a ckta
cktarãs
rãs,, tcpm
tcpm `a bn
bnhj
hjcm
cm,, at
atbãt
bãtarn
arn).
). Ao harbn
harbn`m
`m as huy
huy vn
vnrc
rcnk
nkta
ta.. Buno
Bunoqu
quca
carr nspab
nspabtm
tm
hnbrmabmkòhcbm m bunoqucar ckimrhnbcòk qua snoen uk `èn bmkbratm pua`a hm`cicbnr ao harbn`m

 pmr bmhpoatm. Rck ahjnrem, as bcartm qua

qu a `atarhckn`ms nbtcvms smk hîs vmoîtcoas qua mtrms
m trms y su

 prabcm pua`a takar ernk`as vnrcnbcmkas m km. Bunoqucar nbtcvc`n` ak ao harbn`m pua`a takar 

ernvas bmksabuakbcns pnrn ons mrenkcznbcmkas ahprasnrcnoas a ckvarsmras.

Bunk`m kms raiarchms n rcasem `a harbn`m, lnjonhms `a uk bmkbaptm eakarno qua akeomjn n mtrms

bmhm4 rcasem `a vnrcnbcmkas `ao prabcm `a harbnkbèns, rcasem `a vnrcnbcmkas ak prabcms `a

nbbcmkas, rcasem `a bnhjcms ak ao tcpm `a cktarãs, rcasem `a vnrcnbcmkas ak ao tcpm `a bnhjcm `a

`cvcsn axtrnkdarn, rcasem `a pmscbcmknhcaktm y nbaptnbcòk `ao prm`ubtm Bnja `cstckeucr qua oms

bnhjcms pua`ak sar pmsctcvms. Rck ahjnrem, as kabasnrcm takar ak buaktn astms rcasems `a

harbn`m pnrn `cshckucr su chpnbtm y trntnr `a qua, ak bnsm `a mrcecknrsa, km takenk ernk`as

`nþms pnrn kuastrn abmkmhèn parsmkno m ahprasnrcno.

 

Ak bmkbouscòk, no lnbar raiarakbcn no rcasem `a harbn`m, lnjonhms `a tm`ns nquaoons vnrcnjoas

qua iukbcmkn aspabèicbnhakta ak ao harbn`m ocjra ha`cnkta miartn y `ahnk`n. As `abcr, qua

`crabtnhakta km iukbcmknk bmk `abcscmkas pmoètcbns, sckm ôkcbnhakta bmk on mparntcvc`n` `a on oay

`a miartn y `ahnk`n.
EZ OC^QC@AT

Ocquc`az as on bnpnbc`n` `a uk jnkbm `a buhpocr sus mjocenbcmkas ak aiabtcvm y bmontarnoas sck

smstakar pãr`c`ns cknbaptnjoas. Zcasem `a ocquc`az sa raicara n bòhm on cksuicbcakbcn `a uk jnkbm

`a buhpocr sus mjocenbcmkas, nhaknzn su sctunbcòk icknkbcarn m su axcstakbcn.

On nprmpcn`n eastcòk `ao rcasem `a ocquc`az parhcta n ons ahprasns

ahprasns pm`ar buhpocr
buhpocr bmk oms ioudms

`a aiabtcvm qua sureak prm`ubtm `a ons mjocenbcmkas `a pnem, bmkimrtnr ao prastcecm `a ons hcshns

irakta no harbn`m bmhm no hcshm tcahpm parhcta mirabar bmkicnkzn n oms bocaktas, prmvaa`mras y

iukbcmknrcms7 hckchcznk`m on pmscjcoc`n` `a qua sa mrcecka uk rcasem `a qucajrn y icknohakta

 parhcta ra`ubcr ao bmstm `a icknkbcnhcaktm qua ukn ahprasn pua`a ooaenr n takar tnktm ak

bcrbukstnkbcns kmrhnoas bmhm `a brcscs, no pm`ar `atarhcknr kuavns iuaktas `a icknkbcnhcaktm.

Asta rcasem km niabtn smonhakta n oms jnkbms, nukqua n vabas sa taken ckbocknbcòk n paksnrom,

bunoqucar parsmkn m inhcocn astî axpuastn n asta rcasem, ons ahprasns `ao sabtmr rano, oms

ckvarscmkcstns ckstctubcmknoas, oms hcshms Astn`ms. Pnhjcãk noeukms bmksc`arnk no axbasm `a

ocquc`az
ocquc`az bmhm uk inbtmr `a rcasem `a ocquc
ocquc`az,
`az, pmr ao ernk rcasem `a hno usm `a astms rabursms,
rabursms, m

 pmr on iinbcoc`n`
nbcoc`n` bmk on qu
quaa pua`a crsa, qua pua`a ooavnr n qua astms imk`ms km astãk `cspmkcjoas

bunk`m hîs sa oms kabascta. Vm`rèn bmksc`arnrsa bmhm ukn noartn `a uk rcasem `a ocquc`az hublm

hnymr ak uk iuturm barbnkm.

 

NBPCYC@N@ B:

Ak astn nbtcvc`n` sa ranoczm uk bun`rm bmhpnrntcvm ak oms hm`aoms `a LMVGCK y KPB CRM

2>666, ao buno astîk jnsn`ms ak on n`hckcstrnbcòk `a oms rcasems, ak ons bmhpnþèns. Astms

hm`aoms parhctnk n ons ahprasns chpoahaktnroms y n`abunroms `a nbuar`m n ons kabasc`n`as `a

bn`n mrenkcznbcòk, bmk ao ick `a takar ukn juakn eastcòk `a oms rcasems y uk juak rasuotn`m ak on

n`hckcstrnbcòk `a oms hcshms.

LMVGCK :6>5 (BNVCPQOM 0) KPB-CRM 2>666 (:6><)

As uk hm`aom `a eastcòk `a rcasems qua jusbn takar  As uk hm`aom `a eastcòk `ao rcasem qua parhcta
cktaernr on eastcòk `ao rcasem ak bn`n ukm `a oms
bmktrmo `a oms prmbasms prm`ubtcvms, jnsîk`msa
 prmbasms `a on bmhpnþèn,
bmhpnþèn, bmk ao ick `a tmhnr 
nktapmkarsa n on prmjnjcoc`n` `a on mburrakbcn `a uk
`abcscmkas qua oa parhctnk n on mrenkcznbcòk
sckcastrm
nbtunr irakta n `cblms sckcastrms
On chpmrtnkbcn `a on n`hckcstrnbcòk `ao rcasem pnrn asta hm`aom parhcta on cktaernbcòk, `csaþm,
Lmpgcks as `cshckucr, ao bmstm `ao prm`ubtm y on hadmrn, chpoahaktnbcòk, vnomrnbcòk `a ons
hntarcn prchn, on trnkspnrakbcn ak on mrenkcznbcòk, nbtcvc`n`as jnsn`ns ak ao bmhprmhcsm y
on raputnbcòk y on eakarnbcòk `a hnymr axpabtntcvn oc`arnzem `a on pnrta astrntãecbn `a on bmhpnþèn
no bocakta y bn`n ukm `a oms qua on bmhpmkak
bmkbcaktcznbcòk y a`ubnbcòk nbarbn `a oms
On a`ubnbcòk, ons bnocicbnbcmkas ak on eastcòk `ao
 prmbasms `a eastcòk
eastcòk `ao rcasem y su chpmrt
chpmrtnkbcn,
nkbcn,
rcasem y on raeuonbcòk `a oms hcshms parhcta uk
bmk a ick `a qua tm`ns ons pnrtas cktarasn`ns
saeuchcaktm astîk`nr `a oms rcaems y hadmrnhcaktm
ak oms prmbasms prm`ubtcvms `a on ahprasn trnjndak ak bmkduktm
buhponk pmr asn
oms mjdatcvms eastcòk y sa
ponktan`ms
Oms scstahns `a saeurc`n` y snou` ak ao trnjndm y On bmrrabtn n`hckcstrnbcòk y eastcòk `a oms
eastcòk `a bnoc`n` iuarmk ckcbcnohakta ons îrans qua rcasems parhctcrî ao nobnkba `a oms mjdatcvms, on
r casems, scak`m hctcenbcòk `a oms rcasems y on chpoahaktnbcòk y
ckcbcnrmk bmk on n`hckcstrnbcòk `ao rcasems,
astns ons prmhmtmrns `a on chpoahaktnbcòk `ao bmktrmo `a ponkas `a nbbcòk qua nyu`ak n on
hcshm `aktrm `a tm`m ao prmbasm `a on bn`akn `a mrenkcznbcòk astnr prapnrn`ms pnrn on mburrakbcn
suhckcstrm `a uk sckcastrm
Ao prmbasm `a n`hckcstrnbcòk `a on eastcòk `ao
Oms rcasems astîk jnsn`ms ak on <Z S 0P ONR
rcasem astî jnsn`m ak uk bcbom `a hadmrn
BQNOAR RMK
bmktckun on buno as4
OC@AZNTEM S BMHVZMHCRM, ao buno sa
rabmkmbchcaktm a c`aktcicbnbcòk `a oms rcasems,  jnsn ak qua on notn `crabbcòk sa `aja nsaeurnr 
> ak asta ètah sa avnoôn on knturnoazn `ao rcasem y > qua ons nbtcvc`n`as `a on eastcòk `ao rcasem
ons bcrbukstnkbcns qua lnbak qua sa hntarcnocbak asta cktaern`ns yscstahn
trnjndak jndm uk hcshm

bnocicbnbcòk y avnounbcòk `a oms rcasems,
:  parhctcak`m nsè bmkmbar
bmkmbar on hnekctu` y
 prmjnjcoc`n` `a qua sa
sa prm`uzbn ao rcasem
bonscicbnr ao rcasem y nknocznr ao kcvao nbtuno m
2 rasc`uno `ao hcshm
raspmk`ar no rcasem, `aickcak`m sc asta sa tmoarn,
0 0
sa hctcen, sa trnkshcta m sa tarhckn
bmktrmonr oms rabursms pnrn enrnktcznr ao nrraeom
1 `ao sckcastrm y ons nbtcvc`n`as `a pravakbcòk y
bmktrmo `ao hcshm
 ponkcicbnbcòk y eastcòk
eastcòk `a oms avaktms qqua
ua sa
 pua`nk prasaktnr ak on rabuparnbcòk
rabuparnbcòk qua sa
9 eakara pmr uk `asnstra y on ponkcicbnbcòk `a on
bmktckuc`n` `a on nbtcvc`n` prm`ubtcvn `a on
bmhpnþèn
ckimrhnr, bmktrmonr y hmkctmranr ao `asahpaþm
`a ons nbtcvc`n`as, nbbcmkas y avaktms
5
raonbcmkn`ns bmk ao rcasem y on astrubturn `a on
mrenkcznbcòk
Zavcsnr on n`hckcstrnbcòk y nbtcvc`n`as `ao
rcasem pmr ha`cm `a nu`ctmrèns, ravcscòk,
< > ak cktaernr ons pnrtas cktarasn`ns pnrn on tmhn
astrntaecns y prmtmbmoms `aickc`ms pmr on
mrenkcznbcòk
Hm`aom jnsn`m ak ukn asbnon qua parhcta `aickcr  nbtcvc`n`as `a on eastcòk `ao rcasem, bmk ao
quã lnbar ak on eastcòk `a oms (`ciaraktas hm`aoms
`a n`hckcstrnbcòk)
CKIMZHNZ, `mk`a sa `n buhpochcaktm y
n`hckcstrnbcòk `a oms rcasems prasaktn`ms, asta 2 bmk ao ick `a `atarhcknr qua sa vn lnbar ak on
 prmbasm sa `aicka sc,sc, sa avctn, sa smbnvn m sa
>
hckchczn ao hcshm. As ckbmkscstakta n on
mjocenbcòk qua tcaka bmk on n`hckcstrnbcòk `ao ao prmbasm `a on n`hckcstrnbcòk `a oms rcasems, `a
rcasem
: ZAI
ZAIMZH
MZHN, N, ``mk`
mk`aa sa n`h
n`hckc
ckcst
strn
rn aaoo pa
paocerm y sa > @A
ocerm
`aicka sc sa tmoarn, cklcja, inoon m sa hctcen, ak
astn raimrhn sa taha no buhpochcaktm `a oms
raqucsctms astnjoabc`ms pnrn on eastcòk `ao rcasem
CKPAEZNBCMK, as akonznr oms prmbasms,
 prîbtcbns y nbtcvc`n`as
nbtcvc`n`as `a on eastcòk `ao
: rcasem, bmk oms inbtmras cktarkms y axtarkms
qua pua`ak hadmrnr m cktariarcr ak on
mparnbcòk
@CRAÞM, as ao nkîocscs cktarkm y axtarkm `a
on mrenkcznbcòk, qua parhcta on
2 chpoahaktnbcòk `a nbtcvc`n`as qua nyu`ak n
bmktrmonr oms rcasems
CHVOAHAKPNBCMK, adabubcòk `a ons
nbtcvc`n`as qua sa chpoahaktnrnk pnrn on
n`hckcstrnbcòk `a ons eastcòk `a oms rcasems,
scahpra nockan`ns bmk oms mjdatcvms `a on
mrenkcznbcòk
YNOMZNBCMK, as on ha`cbcòk parcò`cbn `a
1 oms nvnkbas qua sa tcakak `aspuãs `a on
chpoahaktnbcòk `a ons nbtcvc`n`as
HADMZN, as a saeuchcaktm y bmktrmo `a ons
nbtcvc`n`as chpoahaktn`ns,
chpoahaktn`ns, bmk ao ick `a
9 `atarhcknr sc astîk chpnbtnk`m `a hnkarn
 pmsctcvn n on mrenkcznbcòk
mrenkcznbcòk m sc sa raqucara `a
ukn astrubturnbcòk
on kmrhn sa jnsn ak 2 pconras chpmrtnktas pnrn on
n`hckcstrnbcòk `a oms rcasems
BMHQKCBNBCÒK S BMKRQOPN, sa jnsn
`a `abcscmkas
@AICKCBCMK @AO NOBNKBA, sa `aja
`aickcr ao nobnkba qua vnk n takar ons
: ick `a icdnr tm`ms oms asiuarzms ak ao y
 parhctcr
asta `aja ao buhpochcak
buhpochcaktm
cr scahpra tm `aakomsukn
jnsn`m mjdatcvms
mjdatcvms,
ranoc`n`,
`a tcahpm y prasupuastm
BMKPA\PM CKPAZKM S A\PAZKM, sa
`aja ranocznr ukn avnounbcòk `a oms bmktaxtms
mrenkcznbcòk y buîoas smk sus vaktndns y
`asvaktndns irakta no harbn`m
nbuar`m n on kmrhn, vn akonzn`n n ukn sarca `a
nbtcvc`n`as ons bunoas smk4
@AICICKC
KCBC
BCMK
MK @A OM OMRR BZ
BZCPCPAZ
AZCMCMRR @A
@AOO
ZCAREM, sa `aja c`aktcicbnr y `aickcr, on
bnktc`n`, ao tcpm `a rcasem, on knturnoazn `ao
cshm,
bmkbmk
omsaomjdatcvms
ick `a ndustnr
`a on astns nbtcvc`n`as
mrenkcznbcòk
 

AYNOQNBCMK @AO ZCAREM, astn sa `aja

NDQRPNZRA,`a
n`hckcstrnbcòk ak oms
astnrcasems,
sa tcakasauknbaptn,
bmktrmosa
2 `u`n, eakarn ckbartc`uhjra y sa n`hckcstrnk oms
hcshms, pmr ha`cm `a nu`ctmrèns qua parhctak
ao buhpochcaktm `a on eastcòk `a oms rcasems
OOAYNZ N BNJM, as `mk`a sa `n on
mpmrtukc`n` `a on juakn n`hckcstrnbcòk, sa
0 aochcknr
ckvcarta, hadmrn y sa njnrbn pnrn ao omerm `a
 jakaicbcms prmpcms
prmpcms `a on bmhpnþèn
 pnrn ukn bmrrabtn n`hckcstrnbcòk
n`hckcstrnbcòk `a oms rcasems sa
`aja lnbar `a imrhn scstahîtcbn, qua parhctn
cktaernr bn`n ukm `a oms prmbasms prm`ubtcvms `a on
mrenkcznbcòk
Coustrnbcòk : Bun`rm bmhpnrnvm `ao hm`aom LMVGCK y KPB 2>666
lnbar ak jnsa n on c`aktcicbnbcòk `ao rcasem,
: uk nkîocscs `ao hcshm y vnomrnbcòk pnrn
bmkmbar oms puktms `a vcstn `a on
mrenkcznbcòk y pnrtas cktarasn`ns
C@AKPCICBNBCMK @AO ZCAREM,
akbmktrnr y rabmkmbar ao rcasem, pnrn nsè
2 `aickcr sus bnusns, ons nhaknzns y ons
bmksabuakbcns qua asta pua`a eakarnr 
NKNOCRCR @AO ZCAREM, sa lnba pnrn
rabmkmbar on knturnoazn `ao hcshm, ao `atnooa
0
y on bmhpoadc`n` qua asta tcaka irakta no
bmktaxtm `a on mrenkcznbcòk
YNOMZNBCMK @AO ZCAREM, sa vnomrnk
oms brctarcms `ao rcasem pnrn `atarhcknr sc sa
1 vn n trntnr, sc km sa lnba kn`n, sc sa
rabmksc`arnk oms mjdatcvms m sc sa `ajak
 
PZNPNHCAKPM @AO ZCAREM, `aspuãs `a
avnoun`m ao rcaem, asta sa hc`a y sa
9
`atarhcknk ons nbtcvc`n`as n ranocznr pnrn
hctcenrom m aochcknrom
RAEQCHCAKPM S ZAYCRCMK, ak asta
 prmbasm sa jusbn bmkmbar
bmkmbar on aicbcakbcn `a ons
5
nbtcvc`n`as chpoahaktn`ns, y oms rasuotn`ms
qua sa mjtuvcarmk
ZAECRPZM A CKIMZHA, as on
`mbuhaktnbcòk y on prasaktnbcòk `a oms
rasuotn`ms bmk ao ick `a `atarhcknr sc sa
<
nobnkznrmk oms mjdatcvms y qua nbtcvc`n`as sa
 pua`ak hadmrnr pnrn takar uk hnymr 
hnymr 
rak`chcaktm

Pnjon : bun`rm bmhpnrntcvm `ao hm`aom LMVGCK y KPB 2>6664 sa raprasaktnk ons `ciarakbcns y schcoctu`as qua
tcakak oms `ms hm`aoms `a n`hckcstrnbcòk `a rcasems, sus prmbasms y om qua bmktcaka bn`n ukm ak on eastcòk `a
rcasems.

Ra pua`a `abcr qua ak oms `ms hm`aoms lny schcoctu`as ak oms prmbasms `a chpoahaktnbcòk `a on

n`hckcstrnbcòk `a oms rcasems, puastm qua astms sa jnsnk ak ukn avnounbcòk ckcbcno `mk`a sa pua`a

var ao astn`m ckcbcno `a on ahprasn, ukn c`aktcicbnbcòk `a oms rcasems pnrn ntnbnroms, on avnounbcòk

`a oms hcshms bmk ao ick `a `atarhcknr qua sa `aja lnbar, on branbcòk `a nbtcvc`n`as qua

 parhctnk on hctcenbcòk `a oms rcasems y ponkas `a nbbcòk qua parhctnk hctcenr asms rcasems y ukns
 

nbtcvc`n`as `a bmktrmo qua nyu`nk n hnktakar asn bmrrabtn eastcòk, omernk`m nsè ukn juakn

adabubcòk `a oms prmbasms y bn`n ahprasn pua`n n`nptnr astms hm`aoms `aktrm `a on hcshn.

Pnhjcãk bnja rasnotnr qua astms hm`aoms astîk jnsn`ms ak ukn hadmrn bmktckun, `mk`a sa

ranocznk prmbasms `a nu`ctmrcn cktarkn y axtarkn, ao buno parhcta mjtakar nbbcmkas `a hadmrn
irakta n oms prmbasms qua sa chpoahaktnk `aktrm `a on hcshn y lnba qua tm`m sa uk scstahn `a

hadmrnhcaktm qua parhcta on cktaernbcòk `a oms prmbasms y ao buhpochcaktm `a oms mjdatcvms.

Oms `ms hm`aoms n`cbcmkno n astm, sa jnsnk ak on cktaernbcòk `a oms prmbasms y var on bmhpnþèn `a

ukn imrhn scstãhcbn, ao buno oa parhc

parhctn
tn rabmkmbar oms rcasem
rcasemss qua astn prasaktn, on knturnoazn
knturnoazn `a

oms hcshms y on prmjnjcoc`n` `a qua astms mburrnk, bmk ao ick `a ntnbnr m snjar bòhm nbtunr ak ao

bnsm `ao sckcastrm.

N`cbcmkno n astm bnja hakbcmknr qua on cktaernbcòk `a on pnrta `crabtcvn `a on bmhpnþèn as pnrta

iuk`nhaktno `aktrm `a oms prmbasms `a n`hckcstrnbcòk `a rcasems, puastm qua astn `aicka oms

mjdatcvms n nobnkznr, ons nbtcvc`n`as n ranocznr pnrn qua astms mjdatcvms sa buhponk, a cktaernk on

n`hckcstrnbcòk `a on eastcòk `a oms rcasems bmk ao ick `a qua astîs nbtcvc`n`as prmpuastns

avnoun`ns y bmktrmon`ns irakta n bunoqucar sctunbcòk m sckcastrm qua sa prasakta `aktrm `a on

mparnbcòk, n`ahîs `a qua on notn earakbcn sa akbnren `a trn`ubcr y `cvuoenr sus mjdatcvms y
nbtcvc`n`as n ons pnrtas cktarasn`ns pnrn qua astns trnjndak ak bmkduktm bmhm uk scstahn y

nobnkznr ukn juakn eastcòk `a oms rcasems y buhpochcaktm `a ons hatns ponktan`ns n bmrtm,

ha`cnkm y onrem ponzm.

 

NBPCYC@N@ B0

Zaspmk`ar ons praeuktns mrcaktn`mrns qua astnjoazbn ao tutmr ak ao imrm bmonjmrntcvm, buhpocak`m

ons bmk`cbcmkas qua sa astnjoazbnk pnrn bn`n ukn a ckbmrpmrnrons no ckimrha bmonjmrntcvm.

Vnrtcak`m `a on jnsa `a on bmkiarakbcn cktarknbcmkno qua sa prmernhò pnrn usta`as bmk ao

tètuom  ‟Bòhm nsaeurnr ao suhckcstrm no bocakta ha`cnkta uk juak `csaþm y eastcòk `ao rcasem

mparnbcmkno‘4 ½Buîoas smk ons tras aksaþnkzns m c`ans prckbcpnoas qua bmksc`arn ao erupm sa `ajak

rasnotnr y pmr quã=

On prcharn aksaþnkzn qua sa tmhn `a on bmkiara

bmkiarakbcn
kbcn cktarknbcmkno,
cktarknbcmkno, sa akimbn ak qua ao pnkaocstn
Ceknbcm Rîkblaz Entaoo, ak ao hckutm >34>2 saeuk`ms `a raprm`ubc`m ao vc`am, ck`cbn qua axcsta

ukn jnsa aspabcicbn `a on buno on eastcòk `ao rcasem knba ak on buno sa ck`cbn qua pnrn on ahprasn m

ckbousm qua pua`a npocbnr pnrn bunoqucar bmktaxtm as qua ao rcasem kukbn ak kckeôk bnsm y jndm

kckeukn bcrbukstnkbcn vn n sar 6. Ouaem pnrtcak`m `a astn var`n`, scahpra y ak bunoqucar 

mparnbcòk m sctunbcòk vn n bmkooavnr uk rcasem, `a nquè pnrta ao lablm qua sa `ajak bunktcicbnr y

qua `ajak sar prcmrcznr `a nbuar`m no kcvao qua raqucarn `a cktarvakbcòk, ouaem qua on c`an
 prckbcpno m aksaþnkzn rn`cbn ak qua scahpra vn n axcstcr uk kcvao `a rcasem smjra bunoqucar 

 prmbasm, subasm u nbtcvc`n` n `asnrrmoonr.

`asnr rmoonr.

On saeuk`n aksaþnkzn axtrnè`n `a on bmkiarakbcn cktarknbcmkno

cktarknbcmkno ak ao hckutm :64:> saeuk`ms, sa

axtrna `a ons ck`cbnbcmkas `ao pnkaocstn qua on nktcbcpnbcòk pua`a tmhnrsa bmhm ao kcvao ak ao qua

sa akbuaktrn nbtunohakta on avmoubcòk `a on eastcòk `ao rcasem yn qua `a aoon `apak`a uk kuavm

akimqua ak ao buno sa jnsa ak on prapnrnbcòk m pra`cbbcòk `a om qua vn n pnsnr, yn qua ao huk`m

 

sa huava n uk kcvao m n ukn vaombc`n` axtrahn, nsè bmhm sa eastcmknk tnhjcãk nbtunohakta sa

lnjon `a sar pra`cbtcvms y ak astms sa akbuaktrn nbtunohakta ons ck`ustrcns.

On tarbarn y uotchn aksaþnkzn mjtakc`n n pnrtcr `a on bmkiarakbcn sa ak ao hckutm :6411 saeuk`ms,

ao pnkaocstn ck`cbn qua tm`ns ons kmrhns tcakak on hcshn astrubturn y `ajc`m n qua tm`ns
iukbcmknk
iukbcmknk ak eastcòk `a rcasems, pm`a
pm`ahms
hms takar ak buaktn qua bn`n ukn hnka
hnkadn
dn uk bmktaxtm

aspabcicbm pmr adahpom CRM >0666 nhjcaktno, on CRM 366> bnoc`n` `a prm`ubtm, on CRM 2>666

eastcòk
eastcòk `a rcasems y on CRM ::26> nsaeurnhca
nsaeurnhcaktm
ktm bmktckuc`n`
bmktckuc`n` `ao kaembcm,
kaembcm, tm`ns aoons `ajak sar 

avnoun`ns ak su bmktaxtm bmk ao ick `a bmktakar tm`ms oms pmscjoas rcasems ak oms bunoas on

ahprasn pua`n prasaktnr sctunbcmkas `a nhaknzn. Pakcak`m ak buaktn om nktarcmr ons ahprasns

`ajak bmktnr pnrn astm bmk uk aqucpm cktar`csbcpocknr y uk prmiascmkno bmk axparcakbcn qua
 parhctn `nr uk bmrrabtm hnkadm n ons larrnhcaktns qua axcstak nbtunohakta bmhm smpmrta pnrn on

 pra`cbbcòk `a rcasems y vnomrnbcòk `a rcasems `as`a on npocbnbcòk `a ons vnrcnjoas tnktm

bunoctntcvns bmhm bunktctntcvns pnrn on tmhn `a `abcscmkas, astm hakbcmkn`m ak ao hckutm 234 26

saeuk`ms.
 

Bmkbouscmkas

Zaiarakbcns

Lmpg
Lmpgck
ck,, V. (:6
(:6>5)
>5).. Iu
Iuk`n
k`nha
hakt
ktno
noss mi rc
rcsg
sg hn
hnkn
kneah
eahakt
akt44 Qk`a
Qk`arst
rstnk
nk`c
`cke,
ke, avn
avnou
ount
ntck
ckee nk
nk``

chpoahaktcke aiiabtcva rcsg hnkneahakt (Imurtl a`ctcmk). Omk`mk4 Gmenk Vnea Ochcta`.

 KPB-CRM 2>666 (:6><). Eastcòk `ao rcasem. @crabtrcbas. Kmrhn Pãbkcbn Bmomhjcnkn. Jmemtî4

CBMKPAB.

Ulnooay, H., & Euzaocnk, B. (:6>5). Pla oaeno rcsg hnkneahakt lnk`jmmg4 Nk cktarkntcmkno

euc`a tm prmtabt ymur jusckass irmh oaeno omss. Omk`mk4 Gmenk Vnea Ochcta`. (Bnpètuom >).

Vnr`m, D.H. (:6>5). Eastcòk pmr prmbasms y rcasem mparnbcmkno. Hn`rc`4 Nakmr. (Bnpètuom >6).

lttps4//ymutu.ja/<GQChVll:VN

lttps4//haatomecstcbs.bmh/rabursm/eastcmk-`ao-rcasem-on-bn`akn-suhckcstrms/  
lttps4//haatomecstcbs.bmh/rabursm/eastcmk-`ao-rcasem-on-bn`akn-suhckcstrms/