5 Bicol RDP 2017 2022

Table of Contents
List of Tables and Figures vii
Foreword xiii
Messages xiv
Preface xvi
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 The Long View 5
Chapter 2 Global and Regional Trends and Prospects 11
Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and 17

Physical Characteristics
Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall 57

Framework
Part II Enhancing Social Fabric (”Malasakit”)
Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient Governance 67
Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice 79
Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values 87
Part III Inequality-Reducing Transformation (“Pagbabago”)
Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and 99

Fisheries
Chapter 9 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry and Services 115
through Trabaho at Negosyo
Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development 129
Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and Families 145
Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities 157

Part IV Increasing Growth Potential (“Patuloy na Pag-unlad”)
Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend 169
Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and Innovation 177
Part V Enabling and Supportive Economic Development
Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy 187
Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field 203
Part VI Foundations for Sustainable Development
Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace 213
Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and safety 221
Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development 229
Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy 255

Environment
Part VII From Plan to Action
Chapter 21 Plan Implementation and Monitoring 269
List of Acronyms 273
RDP 2017-2022 Planning Committees 283
RDP 2017-2022 Secretariat 286
Annexes 287
List of Tables and Figures
Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends,
and Physical Characteristics
Figure 3.1 GRDP Growth Rate, Bicol Region: 2010-2015 17
Table 3.1 Sectoral Share to GRDP by Individual Origin, Bicol Region: 18

2010-2015
Table 3.2 GRDP Growth Rate by Industry and Sub-Industry, Bicol 19
Region: 2010-2015
Figure 3.2 Gross Value Added and Percent Growth Rate of Major 20
Industry, Bicol Region: 2010-2015
Table 3.3 Location Quotient using GRDP by Sector, Bicol Region: 2009 21
to 2015
Table 3.4 Population and Population Growth Rate by Province, Bicol 22
Region: 2000, 2010, and 2015
Figure 3.3 Population Map, Bicol Region: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 23
Figure 3.4 Hierarchy of Towns based on Projected Population at 26

Doubling Time
Figure 3.5 Map of the Bicol Region 27
Table 3.5 Land Area by Province and City, Bicol Region 28
Figure 3.6 Slope Map of the Bicol Region 29
Figure 3.7 Land Use Map of the Bicol Region: 2013 30
Figure 3.8 Land Classification Map of the Bicol Region 31
Figure 3.9 Distribution of Faults, Volcanic and Earthquake Belts Map, 32

Bicol Region
Figure 3.10 Climate Map of the Bicol Region 34
Table 3.6 Main Features of Principal Volcanoes in the Bicol Region 36
Table 3.7 Classification of Cities and Municipalities Using Population 38

Density, Growth Rates and Centrality Index, Bicol Region
Table 3.8 Number of Urban Centers in the Proposed Hierarchy of 38

Settlements by Province: Bicol Region
List of Tables and Figures vii

Figure 3.11 Hierarchy of Settlements Map of the Bicol Region 40
Figure 3.12 Sea Transportation Route Map of the Bicol Region 42
Figure 3.13 Road Network Map of the Bicol Region 43
Figure 3.14 Air Transportation Route Map of the Bicol Region 44
Figure 3.15 North-South Backbone/East-West Lateral/Strategic Road 45

Development Framework
Figure 3.16 Map of Protected and High Risk to Hazard Areas, 47
Bicol Region
Figure 3.17 Map of Settlements in Safe and Flood-Prone Areas, 48
Bicol Region
Figure 3.18 Built-up cum Multi Hazard Map, Bicol Region 49
Figure 3.19 Map of Bicol RSFP Core Projects 53
Figure 3.20 Map of Bicol RSDF Complementary Projects 54
Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan

2017-2022 Overall Framework
Figure 4.1 Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Overall Framework 57
Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean, and

Efficient Governance
Figure 5.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure People-centered, Clean, and 72
Efficient Governance, 2017-2022
Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of

Justice
Figure 6.1 Strategic Framework to Pursue Swift and Fair Administration 81
of Justice, 2017-2022
Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values
Figure 7.1 Strategic Framework to Promote Philippine Culture and 90

Values, 2017-2022
viii Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in
Agriculture and Fisheries
Figure 8.1 Abaca and Coconut Growth Rates, Bicol Region: 2011-2015 101
Figure 8.2 Fishery Production, Bicol Region: 2010-2015 102
Figure 8.3 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in 106

Agriculture and Fisheries, 2017-2022
Chapter 9 Expanding Economic Opportunities in

Industry and Services through Trabaho at
Negosyo
Figure 9.1 Tourist Arrival, Domestic and Foreign, Bicol Region: 117
2010-2015
Figure 9.2 Tourist Arrival by Province, Bicol Region: 2011-2015 117
Figure 9.3 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in 121

Industry and Services through Trabaho and Negosyo,
2017-2022
Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development
Table 10.1 RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Health Sector) 130
Table 10.2 Proportion of Out-of-School Children and Youth, Bicol 132

Region and Philippines, by Age Group and Sex: 2013
Table 10.3 RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Education Sector) 134
Figure 10.1 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Human Capital 136

Development, 2017-2022
Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and

Family
Table 11.1 RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Social Welfare and 146
Protection)
Table 11.2 Number of Poor Individuals by Basic Sector, Bicol Region 148
Figure 11.1 Strategic Framework to Reduce Vulnerability of Individuals 150

and Families, 2017-2022
List of Tables and Figures ix

Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities
Table 12.1 RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Housing Sector) 157
Table 12.2 Key Shelter Agency Accomplishments and Targets, 2011-2016 159
Table 12.3 Housing Need, Bicol Region, 2011-2016 159
Figure 12.1 Strategic Framework to Build Safe and Secure Communities, 161
2017-2022
Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend
Figure 13.1 Population Pyramid, Bicol Region: 2010 169
Table 13.1 Unmet Need for Spacing and Limiting, Bicol Region and 170
Philippines: 2003-2013
Table 13.2 Fertility Rates, Bicol and Philippines: 1993-2013 171
Figure 13.2 Projected Population Pyramids, Bicol Region: 2010 and 2060 171
(Assuming Declining Fertility Rate to 2.1)
Figure 13.3 Strategic Framework to Maximize the Demographic Dividend, 172
2017-2022
Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology,

and Innovation
Figure 14.1 Strategic Framework to Leverage Science, Technology and 180
Innovation, 2017-2022
Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy
Table 15.1 Total Revenues Collected by Source, by Province and City, 188
Bicol Region: 2015 and 2016
Table 15.2 Dependency Ratio on Internal Revenue Allotment by Province 189

and City, Bicol region: 2010-2014
Figure 15.1 GRDP Growth Rates, Bicol Region: 2010-2015 190
Table 15.3 Consumer Price Index, Inflation Rate, and Purchasing Power 191
of Peso, Bicol Region: 2010-2016
Table 15.4 Number of Banks by Type, by Province and City, Bicol 193
Region: 2010-2016
x Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Table 15.5 Number of Automated Teller Machines by Province and City, 193
Bicol Region: 2012-2015
Table 15.6 Amount of Loans and Deposits by Province, Bicol Region: 194
2014-2016
Figure 15.2 Amount of Loans and Deposits by Province, Bicol Region: 194
2014-2016
Figure 15.3 Strategic Framework to Ensure Sound Macroeconomic Policy 195
2017-2022
Table 15.7 Legislative Agenda to Sustain a Sound, Stable and Supportive 199
Macroeconomic Environment
Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field
Table 16.1 Global Competitiveness Index Rankings of Nine ASEAN 205

Member States
Figure 16.1 Strategic Framework to Level the Playing Field, 2017-2022 206
Table 16.2 Legislative Agenda to Level the Playing Field through a 208
National Competition Policy, 2017-2022
Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace

Figure 17.1 Strategic Framework to Attain Just and Lasting Peace, 215
2017-2022
Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and Safety

Figure 18.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Security, Public Order and 226
Safety, 2017-2022
Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development

Table 19.1 Number of Active Water Service Connections, Bicol Region: 232
2014-2015
Figure 19.1 Accomplishments of NIA by Type of Intervention, Bicol 233
Region: 2011-2016
Figure 19.2 Map of Tigman-Hinangyanan-Inarihan River Irrigation 234
System Service Area, Bicol Region
Table 19.2 BRBWMP Flood and Hazard Mitigation Project, Status of 235
Project Implementation: As of November 2016
Table 19.3 Number of Energized Barangays and Systems Loss by Electric 236
Cooperative, Bicol Region: As of November 2016
List of Tables and Figures xi

Figure 19.3 Map of Cell Site Locations in the Bicol Region 238
Table 19.4 Existing Cell Sites per Service Provider in the Bicol Region 239
Table 19.5 Number of Health Facilities in the Bicol Region 241
Table 19.6 List of LGUs with Sanitary Landfill, Bicol Region 242
Table 19.7 Number of Controlled Disposal Facilities, Bicol Region 242
Table 19.8 Number of Open Dumpsites Bicol Region 243
Table 19.9 Number of LGUs with 10-Year SWM Plans, Bicol Region 243
Figure 19.4 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Infrastructure 246

Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and

Healthy Environment
Figure 20.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean and 260
Healthy Environment, 2017-2022
xii Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Foreword
Earlier this year, we launched the Philippine Development

Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 through the initiative of the National
Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). The PDP
serves as our medium-term blueprint towards attaining a
better and more secure life for our people in the next 25 years.
To complement the PDP, we are now launching the Regional

Development Plans (RDPs) 2017-2022. This will provide
direction in policy formulation for the next six years as we steer public and private
investments to the regions.
We intend to place regional development at the center of our socioeconomic development

strategy. By creating more jobs, improving social services, encouraging innovation and
connecting the countryside to growth centers, we will reduce poverty and accelerate
development in rural areas.
The RDPs will also prioritize accelerating infrastructure development, protecting our
natural resources, addressing criminality and illegal drugs, and ensuring peace and security
in the regions.
I commend the Regional Development Councils for aligning their respective regional plans
to our PDP through fruitful collaboration with local government units and the private
sector. I am confident that through the RDPs, we can realize our goal of laying a solid
foundation for a stronger and more resilient nation for future generations.
RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE

President
Republic of the Philippines
MANILA
May 2017
Foreword xiii

Message

With regional and local development being one of
the main thrusts of President Rodrigo R. Duterte’s
socioeconomic development agenda, the Philippine
Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022, the first medium-
term plan anchored on a long-term vision (AmBisyon
Natin 2040), was specifically designed to cultivate growth
and reduce inequality between the regions. This can be
achieved by directing development to key areas
throughout the country and connecting these growth centers to rural areas.
As such, the Regional Development Plans (RDPs), as accompanying documents

to the PDP, will be an important tool in guiding both public and private investments that
will catalyze growth in the regions. It will also serve as our blueprint in laying down the
three main pillars of Malasakit, Pagbabago, at Patuloy na Pag-unlad that will help us
build a secure, comfortable, and strongly rooted life for all Filipinos by 2040.
I would like to express my gratitude to the Regional Development Councils

(RDCs) for their leadership in the crafting of the RDPs, and in coordinating various
development efforts in the regions. Finally, we seek the support of our local government
units, regional institutions, and private institutions to support the realization of our plans
as we venture towards the creation of prosperous, peaceful and resilient communities.
ERNESTO M. PERNIA
Secretary of Socioeconomic Planning
xiv Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Message
The Bicol region has made significant progress in
uplifting the lives of the people over the past six years.
The reduction in poverty incidence, underemployment
rate, and faster growth in economy were realized
through the efforts of the government and private
sectors in the implementation of projects in the
previous Regional Development Plan (RDP).
As we draw the Bicol RDP for the next six years, we are guided by the long term
vision, the AmBisyon Nation 2040, to lead us toward attaining the Bicolanos’ aspiration
for a “matatag, maginhawa at panatag na buhay para sa lahat”. It is the first of the
four medium-term plans that will embody the long term vision, where each of the
succeeding plan will build on the accomplishments of the previous plan. The continuity
of good programs and projects will make Bicol and our country stronger and be at par
with other Asian region’s economic growth and development.
As the highest policy-making body in the region, the Bicol Regional Development
Council strongly supports the attainment of the collective long-term vision of the Filipino
people for themselves and for the country in the next 25 years. These include the
aspirations of the Bicolanos that are also reflective of their values and culture.
Through this Plan, the region will contribute in laying down the foundation for
more inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient society, and a globally competitive
knowledge economy. With the support from all Bicolanos, we will be able to contribute in
translating the President’s 0 to 10 point Socioeconomic Agenda and the Social
Development Goals, and thus achieve a life characterized by “malasakit, pagbabago, at
patuloy na pag-unlad”.
Dios mabalos.
AL FRANCIS C. BICHARA
Chairperson, RDC 5
Provincial Governor, Albay
Messages xv
PREFACE
xvi Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Chapter 1
The Long View

The Philippines by 2040: matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay. The
country is a prosperous middle-class society where no one is poor. People
live long and healthy lives, and are smart and innovative. The Philippines is a
high-trust society where families thrive in vibrant, culturally diverse, and
resilient communities.
AmBisyon Natin 2040`
The Vision: AmBisyon Natin 2040

AmBisyon Natin 2040 represents the live in a high-trust society”. It is a society
collective long-term vision and aspirations where people are able to live healthy lives;
of the Filipino people for themselves and individuals and communities have the
for the country in the next 25 years. It ability to withstand natural as well as man-
presents a picture of the future, a set of made calamities; the country is a player in
personal life goals as well as ideals for the the global knowledge economy with its
country. AmBisyon Natin 2040 describes smarter and more innovative people
the kind of life Filipinos want to live, and producing high-quality goods and services
how the country will be by 2040. For the at competitive prices; the government
kind of life they want for themselves, enjoys the people and business sector’s
Filipinos want a life that is strongly- trust because it is clean, efficient, and
rooted, comfortable, and secure: “matatag, service-oriented; and it is a peaceful
maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para sa society where human security is assured.
lahat”. This kind of life is described as
having enough for their daily needs and This long-term vision was adopted as a
unexpected expenses; that they can plan guide for development planning through
and prepare for their own and their Executive Order No. 5, s. 2016 issued by
children’s future; and that their families President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on
live together in a place of their own, with October 11, 2016. It will serve as guide to
freedom to go where they desire, protected at least four administrations in defining
and enabled by a clean, efficient and fair the specific “route” (plan) through which
government. The life envisioned by each administration will achieve the
Filipinos by 2040 reveals middle-class development targets that would lay down
aspirations. Their vision for the country is the work for the next six-year term.
that “By 2040, the Philippines is a AmBisyon Natin 2040 will ensure the
prosperous middle-class society where no sustainability and continuity of good
one is poor; people live long and healthy policies, programs, and projects beyond
lives; and are smart and innovative; and the term of a political administration.

The Plan: Bicol Regional Development

Plan 2017-2022
Anchored on the AmBisyon Natin 2040, 11.2 percent by the end of 2022; poverty
the Bicol Regional Development Plan incidence among population reduced to
2017–2022 will serve as the region’s guide 26.0 percent; and underemployment rate
in formulating policies and implementing lowered to less than 20.0 percent. To
development programs and projects for meet these targets, the strategies in the
the next six years. The Plan is prepared RDP shall be focused on the three pillars
in accordance with Memorandum of: (a) “Malasakit” by enhancing social
Circular No. 12, s. 2016 issued by the fabric to regain people’s trust; (b)
President on October 24, 2016, directing “Pagbabago” by reducing inequality; and
the National Economic and Development (c) “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” by increasing
Authority to coordinate the formulation potential growth of the economy.
of the Philippine Development Plan
(PDP), the Regional Development Plans These strategies are translated into major
(RDPs) and their accompanying programs and projects that will be
investment plans for the period 2017- implemented within the medium term.
2022. It is the first medium-term plan Consequently, by the end of 2022, all
that will aspire towards the attainment of priority infrastructure projects should
the vision of a “matatag, maginhawa, at have been put in place to further boost
panatag na buhay para sa lahat” as it lays the tourism industry and other sectors in
a stronger foundation for inclusive the region. Human resources should have
growth, a high-trust and resilient society, been strengthened and made capable to
and a globally competitive knowledge support the needs of the agriculture,
economy. The Bicol RDP shall aspire to industry and services sectors. More LGUs
contribute to the attainment of this goal should have been strengthened with good
by addressing the following challenges: governance and the implementation of
(a) reduce the cost of doing business to the Assistance to Disadvantaged
promote more investments in quality Municipalities (ADM) Program, formerly
infrastructure, manufacturing, and known as Bottom-up Budgeting (BuB)
tourism that will generate high paying Program, thus making all areas in the
and sustainable jobs for Bicolanos; region attractive to investors. Peace and
(b) attain high and sustainable economic order have been maintained and there are
growth; (c) improve access to education, more disaster-resilient communities.
health, decent housing, and other social The agriculture and fishery sector, being
services; (d) develop more resilient the most vulnerable and where most of
communities; and (e) produce more the poor families belong, should have
competitive local government units been made stronger with the
(LGUs) and productive business sector. implementation of the Philippine Rural
To do these, the Bicol RDP targets a gross Development Project (PRDP) and the
regional domestic product (GRDP) of Inclusive Partnership for Agricultural
6 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Competitiveness (IPAC). Likewise, it Tourism shall continue to be the primary

should have been supported with disaster growth driver of the region’s economy. It
resilient agricultural infrastructure and is expected to propel the growth of
facilities. investments in agriculture,
manufacturing, construction, electricity
For the next medium term, the region and water supply, trade, transportation,
shall pursue more value adding activities and other services. In the next medium
particularly on agriculture and fishery term, more new tourism products and
sector. Modernization of agriculture destinations shall be developed with
shall be pursued through the promotion, strong support from the private sector
development, and adoption of modern, including local communities. More
appropriate, cost-effective, and organized tour packages shall be made
environmentally safe agricultural and accessible to the tourists. Promotion of
fishery machineries and equipment that the region as a premiere destination for
will enhance farm productivity and Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and
efficiency. The region shall adopt a Exhibitions (MICE) shall be intensified to
strategy to develop the agricultural value draw more visitors in the region. The
chain through partnership between region shall be ready by then with
agribusiness firms and farmers. The (a) more competitive and efficient
agriculture sector shall be transformed LGUs; (b) quality infrastructure in
and upgraded from traditional farming to place; (c) available skills required by
agribusiness or industrial clusters to take the industry; (d) peaceful and secured
advantage of opportunities in abaca, communities from criminality,
coconut, high value crops, fisheries, insurgency, and disaster; and (e)
livestock, and poultry. This will be competitive and productive business
supported by agricultural infrastructure sector. Continuous improvement of
with the provision of: (a) disaster- accessibility and connectivity shall be
resilient postharvest and irrigation pursued with the completion of
facilities; (b) farm to market roads Libmanan-Naga-Legazpi Freeway that
following the standard of national road; will connect to Quezon toll way,
(c) reliable power and water supply implementation of the Southline of the
systems; (d) investments in farming North-South Railway Project and the
technologies and training in more Sorsogon-Samar Seamless Corridor
advanced farming techniques; (e) Project (also referred to as Matnog,
research and development (R&D); and (f) Sorsogon-Samar Island Bridge Project)
financial and technical assistance to that will enhance connectivity to Visayas
agripreneurs. The agribusiness and Mindanao. These are among the
development of the region shall be priorities articulated in the different
complemented with rural enterprise chapters of the Bicol RDP.
development program to provide
livelihood to the majority of the poor The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 has seven parts
who live in rural areas and rely on and 21 chapters. Part I provides the
agriculture for living. overall context for the Plan under

Chapters 1 to 4. Part II is about will enable the economy to sustain

enhancing the social fabric to build the growth under Chapters 15 and 16. Part
foundations for a high-trust society VI is about the foundations for inclusive
under Chapters 5 to 7. Part III stresses and sustainable development under
the importance of reducing inequalities Chapters 17 to 20. Finally, Part VII
in economic development opportunities describes the institutional arrangements
under Chapters 8 to 12. Part IV focuses for implementation and monitoring of
on increasing potential growth under the RDP – making sure that the Plan gets
Chapters 13 and 14. Part V calls for a implemented and timely adjustments are
supportive economic environment that done, where necessary, under Chapter 21.

Chapter 2
Global and Regional

Trends and Prospects

The Bicol region’s economy grew the fastest Luzon Grid for distribution to the island
from 4.3 percent in 2014 to 8.4 percent in group. Other potential sources of
2015, with construction, transportation and renewal energy shall be explored with
tourism, under other services, as the main the region’s potentials for solar and
drivers of growth. Its poverty situation hydro energy.
improved with the reduction in the poverty
incidence among population from 41.1 b. As a producer of agricultural
percent in 2012 to 36.0 percent in 2015. Its commodities. With the improved
employment rate in October 2016 was technology for disaster risk reduction
estimated at 95.7 percent. These and climate change adaptation (DRR-
developments were realized through the CCA) efforts in the region coupled with
implementation of economic reforms that large areas for agricultural expansion,
the previous administration instituted. The production of food crops shall be
improved government spending enabled intensified to get a larger market share
the sector to provide funds for higher of the needs in Luzon regions,
requirements for infrastructure upgrading particularly from its neighbouring
and more investments in people through regions, the CALABARZON and the
economic and social services. National Capital Region. Food
commodities shall include rice,
Recent developments at the global and vegetables, rootcrops, fruits especially
national level pose new challenges to the pineapple, marine products, pork,
Bicol region. The new policies of the chicken and beef. The agriculture
current administration, and the emerging resource-base of the Bicol Region shall
international and regional trends provide be utilized for the development of agri-
opportunities and threats to regional based industries. Value adding activities
development. These provide the for coconut, abaca and pili shall be
environment where Bicol can find its niche promoted and crops of high commercial
given its natural and human resources and value shall be developed into agri-
where it can sustain its functional roles in industries. To sustain its role as a
the national development. These producer of agricultural commodities,
functional roles are: the government shall (a) invest in
infrastructure in the rural areas where
a. As a geothermal energy supplier. The most of the farms are located; (b) infuse
Bicol Region, having geothermal power investments in R&D to develop climate-
plants with aggregate generating smart technologies for a wide range of
capacity of 365.5 megawatts, shall crops that can be locally adapted;
continue supplying electricity to the (c) with the ageing farmers, provide
incentives to families who send their domestic tourists. The region is being
children to agricultural schools and promoted as a MICE destination. It has
universities; and (d) encourage the hosted several international and
youth and the Overseas Filipinos (OFs) national events. For the next six years,
to engage in agriculture. Agriculture as more public investments in
shall be emphasized in the primary and infrastructure and other economic and
secondary education. The PRDP and social services are anticipated due to
IPAC that will support the agriculture improved government spending, more
and fishery sector shall be pushed tourist destinations shall be made
through. The region shall take accessible and tourism services shall be
advantage of the opportunities offered improved with the community-based
by the Association of South East Asian ecotourism programs. The construction
Nations (ASEAN) economic integration of the Bicol International Airport (BIA),
where the region has yet to find its also known as the South Luzon
niche. International Airport, the New Naga
Airport Development Project, and
c. As an ecotourism destination. tourism road projects under the DOT-
Tourism continues as the major growth DPWH Convergence program shall be
driver of the region’s economy. continued. New tourism sites and
Tourism development fueled the products in the different areas in the
increase in public investments through region shall be developed. On the part
the construction of roads that improved of the private sector, there shall be
access to tourist destinations under the construction of tourism-oriented
Department of Tourism (DOT)- establishments like hotels, restaurants,
Department of Public Works and condominium units and malls such as
Highways (DPWH) Convergence Shoe Mart (SM) in Legazpi City, and
Program and the BuB Program (now Robinsons, Star Mall, and Gaisano Mall
Assistance for Disadvantaged in Naga City. These will offer an array
Municipalities Program). Upgrading of of tourism products to both foreign and
facilities at the Legazpi Airport and domestic visitors in the region.
various seaports coupled with public
and private investments in tourism- d. As Luzon’s gateway to the Visayas and
related assets boosted growth in Mindanao. Bicol’s strategic location at
transportation, trade, and construction. the southern tip of Luzon makes it a
Tourism development in the region is gateway to the Visayas and Mindanao.
also led by the LGUs through the Albay The Legazpi and Tabaco Ports, both
Masbate Sorsogon (ALMASOR) and the catering to international vessels, bring
Triple C (Camarines Norte Camarines Luzon close to having trade and tourism
Sur and Catanduanes) alliances. In relations with other countries in the
2015, the Bicol region registered the Pacific. With an envisioned multimodal
highest growth rate in tourism arrival transportation system, people are given
among 17 regions in the country with a choice on their means of mobility. To
867,882 foreign tourists and 3.7 million maintain its role as Luzon’s link to other

major islands of the country, there is a a. Weakening of the peso against the
need to modernize, expand, and dollar. While other Asian currencies
integrate the four modes of transport in have strengthened against the dollar,
the region. Several projects are laid the Philippine peso hit a more than 10-
down in the RDP to address this year low which may benefit the region’s
challenge, such as: the South Line of the exporters but to the disadvantage of the
North-South Railway Project (NSRP) importers.
up to Matnog, Sorsogon; the Quezon-
Bicol Expressway project (QueBEx); the b. American’s First Policy. The
Sorsogon-Samar Seamless Corridor employment in business process
Project, airports and seaports outsourcing, whose clients are mainly
upgrading. companies from the United States of
America (USA), is threatened by the
e. As international gateway. The region US President’s policy to bring back jobs
will play the role as an international to America not only in manufacturing
gateway with the completion of the but also in services sector.
Bicol International Airport and the
upgrading of Legazpi and Tabaco Ports c. Demand for migrant workers. The
to international standards. These ageing workforce in advanced
developments shall provide the region economies will support the demand for
easy access to and from the global migrant workers from the Philippines
markets in terms of marketing its and from the region particularly in the
products and even promoting fields of medicine, engineering, and
investments and tourism. other technical and/or vocational work.
The region’s performance and roles in

d. Foreign investment policies. Foreign
development may also be affected by
investments may come in as the
international and national policies and
economic provisions in the Philippine
developments. Some push or pull factors
constitution become lenient to open
are as follows:
more opportunities for the tourism
industry in the region.

Chapter 3
Overlay of Economic Growth,

Demographic Trends, and
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022, which takes off from the current Administration's
0 to 10 Socioeconomic Agenda, shall pursue the realization of inclusive
development that is anchored on the AmBisyon Natin 2040: matatag,
maginhawa, at panatag na buhay. It defines the desired spatial distribution of
human activity in the country based on economic, social, institutional, and
environmental conditions.
Economic Trends
The region’s economy, as measured by and fishery (AHFF) at 24 percent, and
the GRDP, grew at an average rate of 5.8 industry at 20 percent (Table 3.1). The
percent from 3.5 percent in 2010 to 8.4 AHFF share to the total economy
percent in 2015 (Figure 3.1). Services continued to decline from 26 percent in
accounted for the biggest share of the 2010 to 24 percent in 2015. The decline
region’s economy with an average share in AHFF was absorbed by the industry
of 56 percent over a six-year period, sector which has been increasing since
followed by agriculture, hunting, forestry 2012.
Figure 3.1 GRDP Growth Rate, Bicol Region: 2010-2015

(At Constant 2000 Prices, In Percent)
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Region 5
Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and Physical 17

Characteristics
Table 3.1 Sectoral Share to GRDP by Industrial Origin, Bicol Region: 2010 – 2015
(At Constant 2000 Prices, in Million Pesos)
SHARE SHARE OF SHARE OF

INDUSTRY SERVICES
YEAR AFF OF AHFF INDUSTRY SERVICES TOTAL
SECTOR SECTOR
(%) (%) (%)
2010 29,260,587 26 21,541,759 19 63,307,477 55 114,109,823
2011 29,494,292 25 20,990,992 18 65,765,468 57 116,250,752
2012 32,048,813 25 24,098,478 19 70,347,789 56 126,495,080
2013 33,435,151 24 26,752,678 20 76,664,290 56 136,852,119
2014 33,795,368 24 28,175,125 20 80,793,088 56 142,763,581
2015 33,010,621 21 34,839,142 23 86,859,774 56 154,709,537
Average 31,840,805 24 26,066,362 20 73,956,314 56 131,863,482
Source: PSA Region 5

The economy recorded the fastest growth In 2013, despite the region’s setbacks
in 2012 and 2015 at 8.8 percent and 8.4 brought by the down-trend in mining
percent, respectively. The unprecedented and the frequent occurrence of weather
growth in 2012 from 1.9 percent in the disturbances like tropical cyclones, the
previous year was brought about by the Bicol region was able to maintain its
remarkable growth in the industry sector growth as GRDP grew by 8.1 percent. All
to 14.6 percent from a 2.6 contraction in subsectors manifested faster growth
2011. Likewise, the industry sector grew except mining and quarrying.
from 5.3 percent in 2014 to 23.7 percent
in 2015 as shown in Figure 3.2. Although In 2014, the region’s economy expanded
it contributed the least in GRDP, the by only 4.3 percent, slower by 3.9
industry sector grew the fastest at an percentage points from the preceding
average rate of ten percent, followed by year. All the major sectors registered
the services sector at six percent and slower growth: the industry sector grew
AHFF at two percent (Table 3.2). The by 5.3 percent from 11 percent in the
contributors to the industry growth were previous year, services slowed down at
Manufacturing, Construction and 5.4 percent from nine percent, while
Electricity, Gas and Water Supply, which AHFF barely managed to stay afloat at
grew at an average rate of 13 percent, 12 one percent from a 4.3 percent growth in
percent and ten percent, respectively. 2013. Among the subsectors, fishing and
Mining subsector grew at an average rate mining and quarrying posted negative
of 1.8 percent, from a remarkable growth growth at 1.1 percent and 19.1 percent,
of 17.8 percent in 2010. There were three respectively (Table 3.2).
years in between (2011, 2013 and 2014)
when the mining subsector posted a In 2015, the region’s economy grew the
contraction. In 2015, it was able to fastest among all regions of the country at
rebound to 8.5 percent from negative 8.4 percent which is almost double the
19.1 percent in 2014. growth of 4.3 percent in 2014, and more
than the 6.7 percent plan target.

Table 3.2 GRDP Growth Rate by Industry and Sub-Industry, Bicol Region:
2010 – 2015 (At Constant 2000 Prices, In Percent)
AVE.
2009- 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014-
INDUSTRY/YEAR GROWTH
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
RATE
I. AGRICULTURE, HUNTING,
0.8 0.8 8.7 4.3 1.1 (2.3) 2.2
FORESTRY AND FISHING
a. Agriculture and Forestry 5.9 1.2 2.3 5.3 1.9 0.4 2.8
b. Fishing (11.9) (0.5) 28.3 2.0 (1.1) (9.4) 1.2
II INDUSTRY SECTOR 8.3 (2.6) 14.8 11.0 5.3 23.7 10.1
a. Mining and Quarrying 17.8 (4.0) 13.0 (5.4) (19.1) 8.5 1.8
b. Manufacturing 14.6 24.4 5.0 9.6 19.0 3.7 12.7
c. Construction 4.7 (12.6) 22.4 15.1 1.9 39.7 11.9
d. Electricity, Gas and Water
7.3 3.2 9.3 13.2 14.7 13.9 10.3
Supply
III SERVICE SECTOR 3.1 3.9 7.0 9.0 5.4 7.5 6.0
a. Transportation, Storage &
1.4 6.5 9.2 5.2 3.9 10.1 6.1
Communication
b. Trade and Repair of Motor
Vehicles, Motorcycles,
12.2 3.3 9.7 11.5 10.1 7.7 9.1
Personal and Household
Goods
c. Financial Intermediation 0.5 (0.1) 10.9 14.7 7.5 7.1 6.8
d. Real Estate, Renting and
1.8 3.5 2.8 17.2 3.5 3.2 5.4
Business Activities
e. Public Administration and
Defense; Compulsory 5.6 0.2 4.7 4.4 5.6 2.7 3.9
Social Security
f. Other Services 0.3 7.0 6.2 4.1 3.7 12.1 5.6
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 3.5 1.9 8.8 8.2 4.3 8.4 5.8
The growth of the region’s economy was Services contributed the biggest share to
driven by the industry sector which the region’s economy with 56.1 percent,
accelerated from 5.3 percent in 2014 to but its share declined from 2014 by 0.5
23.7 percent in 2015 as shown in Figure percentage point. Industry’s share of 22.5
3.2. The services sector also grew faster percent in 2015 improved by 2.8
from 5.4 percent in 2014 to 7.5 percent in percentage points from 19.7 percent in
2015, while the AHFF sector contracted 2014. The AHFF contributed 21.3
by 2.3 percent in 2015 from a 1.1 percent percent, but its share to the total
growth in 2014. economy declined by 2.4 percentage
points.

Characteristics
Figure 3.2 Gross Value Added and Percent Growth Rate of Major Industry,
Bicol Region: 2010–2015 (at Constant 2000 Prices, in Percent)

The accelerated growth of the industry This includes about 868,000 foreign
sector was fueled by Construction which tourists and 3.6 million domestic tourists.
grew from 1.9 percent in 2014 to 39.7
percent in 2015. Mining and quarrying The Bicol region is basically an agri-
rebounded to 8.5 percent from a based economy. Table 3.3 shows that the
contraction of 19.1 percent in 2014. The economy of the Bicol region, as
growth in manufacturing, on the other compared to the national, was stronger in
hand, decelerated from 19 percent in AHFF with an average location quotient1
2014 to 3.7 percent in 2015. of 2.2. Among the subsectors, the
region’s fishing industry led with a LQ of
The growth in the services sector was led 3.2, followed by agriculture and forestry
by the expansion of Other Services and with two. This indicates that the region
Transportation, Storage and was producing AHFF products more
Communication. The expansion of than what it needs, thus, the region is an
Other Services from 3.7 percent to 12.1 exporter of agri-based and marine
percent was fueled by the increase in products. The region was also stronger
tourist arrival by 21.5 percent from 3.7 in mining and quarrying registering a LQ
million in 2014 to 4.5 million in 2015. of 2.0. This was brought about by
1
Location quotient (LQ) is a tool to quantify and determine how concentrated a particular industry is in a region as
compared to the nation. It reveals what makes a particular region “unique” in comparison to the national average.
When the location quotient using the GRDP equals 1, that means the national economy is equal to the regional economy
for that sector. Therefore, supply is just equal to demand. If LQ is less than 1, the output of the region is not sufficient to
meet the local demand and imports are needed. If LQ is more than 1 the output of the region is more than sufficient to
meet the local demand and exporting the surplus is an option.

mineral production of several large Resources Corporation in Masbate; and
mining companies present in the region other small mining companies in
such as Rapu-rapu Minerals, Inc.; Ibalong Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur.
Resources and Development Most of these mining companies,
Corporation; UBS Marketing however, are no longer operating, except
Corporation, all in Albay; Filminera for Filminera in Masbate.
Table 3.3 Location Quotient using GRDP by Sector, Bicol Region: 2009 to 2015
(At Constant 2000 Prices)
AVE-
INDUSTRY 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
RAGE
Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry

2.10 2.21 2.21 2.29 2.33 2.36 2.25 2.25
and Fishing
a. Agriculture and Forestry 1.89 2.09 2.06 1.99 2.05 2.08 2.03 2.03
b. Fishing 2.90 2.67 2.82 3.57 3.57 3.60 3.25 3.20

Industry Sector 0.57 0.58 0.56 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.67 0.60
a. Mining and Quarrying 2.07 2.27 2.08 2.25 2.08 1.53 1.65 1.99
b. Manufacturing 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.14
c. Construction 1.70 1.62 1.59 1.61 1.68 1.62 2.03 1.69

d. Electricity, Gas and Water
1.20 1.22 1.27 1.30 1.39 1.56 1.65 1.37
Supply
Service Sector 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.99
a. Transport, Storage &
1.28 1.34 1.39 1.39 1.37 1.36 1.35 1.37
Communication
b. Trade and Repair of Motor

Vehicles, Motorcycles, 0.44 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.50 0.53 0.52 0.49
Personal and HH Goods
c. Financial Intermediation 1.06 1.01 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.98 1.00
d. Real Estate, Renting &

0.99 0.98 0.95 0.90 0.96 0.93 0.87 0.94
Business Activities
e. Public Administration &
Defense; Compulsory Social 1.78 1.84 1.84 1.79 1.80 1.86 1.85 1.82
Services
f. Other Services 1.28 1.23 1.27 1.23 1.21 1.23 1.25 1.24
Source: Bicol RSDF
The region was also stronger in other Construction; Other Service;

subsectors compared to the national Transportation; Storage and
average, except for manufacturing (LQ = Communication; Electricity, Gas, and
0.14) and trade and repair of motor Water Supply; Financial Intermediation;
vehicles, motorcycles, personal and HH and Real Estate, Renting and Business
goods (LQ = 0.53). These subsectors activities.
were: Public Administration and
Defense, Compulsory Social Services;

Characteristics
The low LQ in manufacturing explains Bicolanos. This need was articulated in
why the region needs more the Bicol Regional Development Plan
manufacturing industries that can 2011 to 2016, and is being reiterated in
provide more quality jobs to the the RDP 2017-2022.
Demographic Trends
Based on the 2015 Census of Population, 1.95 million, followed by Albay (1.31
Bicol region reached 5,796,989 and million), Masbate (892 thousand),
accounted for about 5.7 percent of the Sorsogon (793 thousand), and Camarines
Philippine population in 2015. This is Norte (583 thousand). Catanduanes had
higher by about 377 thousand compared the smallest population with 261
with the population of 5.4 million in thousand. In terms of growth,
2010, and by 1.1 million compared with Camarines Norte was the fastest growing
the population of 4.69 million in province in the region with an average
2000. The population of the Bicol region annual population growth rate (PGR) of
increased at an average rate of 1.29 1.38 percent during the period 2010 to
percent during the period 2010 to 2015. 2015. It was followed by Camarines Sur
By comparison, the rate at which the (1.32%), Sorsogon (1.3%), Masbate
region’s population grew during the (1.28%), and Albay (1.22%).
period 2000 to 2010 was higher at 1.46 Catanduanes posted the lowest PGR of
percent. 1.11 percent. Table 3.6 presents the
population and the rate of growth of
Among the six provinces, Camarines Sur population of the provinces.
had the biggest population in 2015 with
Table 3.4 Population and Population Growth Rate by Province: Bicol Region:
2000, 2010, and 2015
POPULATION (IN THOUSANDS) POPULATION GROWTH RATE

PROVINCE
2000 2010 2015 2010-2015 2000-2010
Albay 1,091 1,233 1,315 1.22 1.23
Camarines Norte 471 543 583 1.38 1.44
Camarines Sur 1,552 1,822 1,953 1.32 1.62
Catanduanes 215 246 261 1.11 1.35
Masbate 708 835 892 1.28 1.66
Sorsogon 651 741 793 1.30 1.31
Total 4,688 5,420 5,797

Among the cities and municipalities in with 196,639 persons. It was followed by
the region, the largest in terms of Naga City, Camarines Sur (196,003) and
population size is Legazpi City, Albay Sorsogon City, Sorsogon (168,110). The

least populous municipalities were Figure 3.3 shows the population maps of
Gigmoto (8,368 persons) and Panganiban the Bicol region based on the 1990 to
(9,287), both in Catanduanes; and San 2015 population data.
Vicente in Camarines Norte (10,396).
Figure 3.3 Population Map, Bicol Region: 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015
Source: Bicol RSDF

Characteristics
The cities and municipalities are grouped more than 50,000, the number of
into three tiers according to population municipalities under the medium town
size, to wit: Large Town (with population category increased to 23 percent from 17
from 100,000 and above); Medium Town percent in 1990, while the number of
(with population from 50,000 to 99,999); municipalities belonging to small town
and Small Town (with population less category declined from 82 percent in
than 50,000). 1990 to 74 percent. Large town category,
on the other hand, increased by 50
In 1990, regional population was percent as the population of Tabaco City
recorded at 3.92 million wherein 33 and Daraga, previously belonging to
percent were accounted for the province medium town category, reached more
of Camarines Sur followed by Albay than 100,000.
(23%); Masbate (15%); Sorsogon (14%);
Camarines Norte (10%); and In 20103, the population of Bicol was
Catanduanes (5%). Most of the recorded at 5.42 million. The number of
municipalities (94 out of 1152) fell under municipalities under small town category
the category of small towns. Among further shrunk to 63 percent as the
these small towns, the municipality of population of Goa, Jose Panganiban,
Camalig recorded the highest population Placer, Baao, Ragay, Uson, Paracale,
at 49,975 while the municipality of Castilla, Milagros, Lagonoy, Irosin and
Gigmoto recorded the lowest population Tiwi reached more than 50,000, which
at 6,487 persons. Of the remaining 21 resulted to the increase in the number of
municipalities, 19 fell under the category municipalities under the medium town
of medium towns. Under this tier, category by seven percentage points
Tabaco City recorded the highest compared to 2000 data. Meanwhile, the
population at 85,697 while the number of municipalities under large
municipality of Pili recorded the lowest town category doubled after ten years.
population at 52,481. Meanwhile, the Among the provinces, Albay had the
cities of Legazpi and Naga, the Bicol’s highest number of cities and
major cities, recorded the highest municipalities belonging to large town
population in the region at 121,116 and category (Legazpi City, Tabaco City,
115,329, respectively, making them the Daraga, and Ligao City) followed by
only towns to fall under the large town Camarines Sur (Naga City, Iriga City, and
category. Libmanan); and Sorsogon (Sorsogon
City). The combined population of the
In 2000, regional population reached 4.69 municipalities of Bacon and Sorsogon by
million. As the population of Bacacay, virtue of Republic Act 8806 included
Camalig, Pilar, Bula, Virac, Sipocot, Sorsogon City under the large town
Tinambac, Gubat, and Cawayan reached category.
2
Unmerged municipalities of Bacon and Sorsogon.
3
Total number of cities/municipalities in Bicol was reduced from 115 to 114 by virtue of Republic Act 8806, an act
creating the city of Sorsogon by merging the municipalities of Bacon and Sorsogon in the province of Sorsogon.

In 2015, the municipalities of Bato in expected that in the coming years,
Camarines Sur, Cataingan, Mercedes, population of Bicol will continue to rise.
Minalabac, and Tigaon were added in the If the 2010 to 2015 population growth
medium town from small town category rate of 1.35 percent in the region will
in 2010. Municipalities of Daet, Labo, continue, Bicol’s population of 5.8
and Bulan, on the other hand, emerged million is expected to double in 51 years.
into a large town category from medium In the span of 50 to 54 years, the
town in 2010. combined population of Camarines Sur
and Albay, the provinces with the largest
In the span of 25 years, from 1990 to population in the region, will exceed the
2015, the population of the region 2015 regional population. Likewise, the
increased by 1.89 million with an combined population of the seven cities
approximate growth rate of 1.59 percent. in the region in the next 30 to 64 years
Among the provinces, Camarines Sur may exceed the 2015 population of
recorded the highest number of Camarines Sur which is 1.95 million.
population followed by Albay, Masbate, The population of Legazpi City, the most
Sorsogon, and Catanduanes. Since then, populous town in the region, may exceed
Legazpi City recorded the highest the 2015 population of the province of
population in the region followed by Catanduanes in the next 45 years
Naga City, while Gigmoto recorded the (Figure 3.4).
lowest number of population. It was
noted that the movement of population is At doubling population, which may take
mostly towards cities and municipalities 27 to more than hundreds of years
where development and economic depending on the growth rates of
opportunities are active. Accessibility to municipalities and cities, 41 percent of
various services and facilities also towns will fall under the large town
influences the population growth in each category, and 36 percent will emerge into
city and municipality. Considering that medium town category. In Albay, only
(a) the large number of young population Manito and Jovellar will remain as small
in the region is reproductively active or towns, while all the cities and capital
will soon enter reproductive years, and towns of the six provinces will emerge
(b) with the recent regional development into large town category.
which may trigger in-migration, it is

Characteristics
Figure 3.4 Hierarchy of Towns based on Projected Population at Doubling Time
Source: Bicol RSDF

a. Location. Bicol is one of the regions to 14.5 degrees latitude as shown in
in the Luzon island. It is the fifth Figure 3.5. It is bounded northwest
administrative region under the by Quezon province, east by the open
Integrated Reorganization Plan (IRP) seas of the Pacific, southeast by
which was implemented through Samar Sea and southwest by Sibuyan
Presidential Decree No. 1 in 1972. Sea. The southeastern most part is
Located at the midsection of the the municipality of Gigmoto,
country or at the southern tip of province of Catanduanes along the
Luzon, Bicol lies within coordinates Pacific seaboard (Figure 3.5).
122 to 124.5 degrees longitude and 12
Figure 3.5 Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

Characteristics
b. Politico-Administrative Subdivisions. thirds of the region’s land area is part
The region is composed of four of mainland Luzon while the rest is
mainland provinces and two island the combined land areas of the island
provinces. It has seven cities and 107 provinces of Masbate and
municipalities subdivided into 3,471 Catanduanes. Camarines Sur has the
barangays. Politically, 16 congressional largest land area with around 551
districts subdivide the region. thousand hectares or 43 percent of the
regional total while Catanduanes has
c. Land area. The region’s land area of the smallest with about 149 thousand
about 1.8 million hectares is roughly hectares or eight percent of the
six percent of the country’s 30 million region’s total land area (Table 3.5).
hectares. Around 69 percent or two-
Table 3.5 Land Area by Province and City, Bicol Region
PROVINCE/CITY TOTAL AREA (HECTARES) PERCENT OF REGIONAL TOTAL
Bicol Region 1,811,447 100

Albay 257491 14.21
Camarines Norte 227,793 12.58
Camarines Sur 551,190 43.00
Catanduanes 149,216 8.24
Masbate 413,856 22.85
Sorsogon 211,901 11.70
Iriga City 13,735 0.76
Legazpi City 16,161 0.89
Ligao City 24,675 1.36
Masbate City 18,800 1.04
Naga City 7,740 0.43
Sorsogon City 27,611 1.52
Tabaco City 11,714 0.65
Source: PSA
d. Topography. The region’s meters) and Mt. Catburawan (473

topography can be generally described meters) in Albay; Mt. Isarog (1,966
as ranging from slightly undulating to meters) and Mt. Iriga (1,143 meters)
rolling and from hilly to mountainous. in Camarines Sur; and Bulusan
Bicol is endowed with numerous Volcano (1,560 meters) in Sorsogon.
mountains and volcanoes. The most
famous, Mt. Mayon in Albay, has the e. Slope. About 56 percent of the
highest elevation at 2,462 meters region’s total land area are nearly level
above sea level. Other volcanoes and to moderately sloping lands (0-18
mountains dominating the percent). These are mostly the alluvial
countryside and their corresponding plains, mountain footslopes,
elevations include: Mt. Malinao floodplains and valleys. The
(1,548 meters), Mt. Masaraga (337 remaining 44 percent are mostly hilly

and mountainous (above 18 percent section and some mountain peaks on
slope) which include the ranges of the central part of the region as shown
hills on the western and eastern in Figure 3.6.
Figure 3.6 Slope Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

Characteristics
f. Land Use. Based on the latest existing 163 hectares or nine percent are
land use data from the Department of devoted to forest use. Majority (70%)
Environment and Natural Resource in of Bicol’s land area is classified as
2013, a total of 1.6 million hectares or alienable and disposable. Forest lands
91 percent of land is utilized for other account to only 28.74 percent while
land uses such as agriculture, unclassified forest land is 1.04 percent
fishpond, built-up areas and other (Figure 3.7).
development activities, while about
Figure 3.7 Land Use Map of the Bicol Region: 2013
Source: Bicol RSDF

g. Land Classification. Majority (70%) certificate of ancestral domain title
of Bicol’s land area is classified as (CADT). Of this total, 13,926 hectares
alienable and disposable. Forest lands are for conversion from Certificate of
account for only 29 percent while Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) to
unclassified forest land is one percent CADT; and 26,096 hectares have on-
(Figure 3.8). There are 91,930 going conversion from CADC to
hectares classified as ancestral domain CADT.
of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) with
Figure 3.8 Land Classification Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

Characteristics
h. Coastal Area. The region’s coastal harbors which serve as refuge for
area is deeply embayed. This is ships during heights of weather
characterized by the presence of disturbances in the vicinity.
numerous bays and gulfs. These are:
Ragay Gulf, San Miguel Bay, and i. Volcanoes, Faults and Earthquake
Lagonoy Gulf outlining the coasts of Zones. The distribution of faults,
Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur; volcanic and earthquake belts in the
Albay Gulf in Albay and Sorsogon region is shown in Figure 3.9.
Bay in Sorsogon. In addition, the
region is endowed with natural
Figure 3.9 Distribution of Faults, Volcanic and Earthquake Belts, Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

A parallelism between the Bicol minor rivers that serve as the
Volcanic Belt, the Philippine Fault drainage channels for ten basin
Zone and the deep Philippine trench areas in Masbate and three basin
can be noticed. The Bicol Volcanic areas in Catanduanes. There are
Belt or Chain spans a total of 240 numerous lakes, but most have
kilometers from Camarines Norte in small volume water impounding
the north down to Sorsogon in the capacities. The more important
south. A total of 16 volcanoes freshwater ponds in the region are:
approximately 24 kilometers apart, Lakes Bato, Baao, and Buhi in the
lie along the 200 kilometer chain Bicol Plains, and Bulusan and
which runs parallel to and west of Aguingay in Sorsogon.
the Philippine Trench.
k. Geothermal and Hydrothermal
j. Inland Waters, Rivers and Lakes. Reservations. The Bicol Region has
The Bicol River is the largest river in three geothermal reservation areas:
the region and is considered as the (a) Tiwi Geothermal Reservation in
main drainage way for the 3,771 Albay – Proclamation No. 739 dated
hectares major basin area of the February 1982; (b) Bacon-Manito
Bicol Plains. It originates from Geothermal Reservation in Albay –
streams in the southern and western Proclamation No. 2036-A dated
parts of Camarines Sur and from the November 11, 1980; and (c) Barit
southwestern slopes of Mt. Isarog. River-Lake Buhi Forest Reservation
It meanders generally on a in Camarines Sur – Proclamation
northwest direction from Lake Bato No. 573 dated June 26, 1969.
and joins Sipocot River at a point
around seven kilometers from its l. Climate. Based on the Modified
mouth before discharging to San Corona’s climate classification
Miguel Bay. Sipocot River, which is system, three climate types occur
a principal tributary of the Bicol over the Bicol Region, as shown in
River, originates from the northern Figure 3.10. Type II is experienced
part of the province and trends over the eastern coasts of the region
southeasterly until it joins the Bicol directly facing the Pacific Seas
River. In Camarines Norte, there including the island of Catanduanes
are two rivers namely Labo and and the whole of Camarines Norte.
Basud draining to the Philippine Sea
with drainage area of 913 and 270
m. Rainfall. Majority of the average
hectares, respectively. For Sorsogon,
rainfall in the country is due to the
a network of seven minor rivers
occurrence of tropical cyclones in
consist the province’s natural
the vicinity. The southwest and
drainage system. The narrowness
northeast monsoons contribute
and topography of the two island
seven percent each, while the
provinces contribute largely to the
remaining 39 percent is attributed to
occurrence of numerous short
the combined effects of the Inter-
Characteristics
Tropical Convergence Zone, shear monsoon is dominant air stream
lines, easterly waves and other over the country.
rainfall-causing weather patterns.
The average annual rainfall in the o. Temperature. The hottest months
region ranges from 1,900 to 3,500 are May and June while the coldest
millimeters. months are January and February.
Higher temperatures are observed in
n. Wind Velocity/Directions. The the island provinces particularly in
highest normal wind speed observed Masbate.
is four meters per second which
passes the region northeasterly. p. Humidity. The annual average
This occurs especially in the months humidity is about 82 percent, almost
of October to April when northeast equal to the country’s average
relative humidity. …………………..
Figure 3.10 Climate Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

q. Environmentally Critical Areas. eruptions pose danger to people,
Environmentally Critical Areas infrastructures, farmlands, and
(ECAs) are areas prone to natural properties at the base and
hazards (weather, hydrologic, and midslope of the volcano. The most
geologic). Bicol’s ECAs include areas common hazards are lava flows
that are subject to seismic hazards, and base surges. Other dangers
prolonged flooding, tsunamis, are earthquake, tsunamis and
volcanic eruption fallouts, and severe seiche and edifice failure. Because
erosion. of its height, steep slopes and very
deep gullies, Mayon Volcano is
Flooding. The area mostly potentially susceptible to creating
flooded is the Bicol River Basin in an avalanche. It could be
the provinces of Albay and triggered by earthquakes, volcanic
Camarines Sur. It has a drainage eruptions, intense rainfall, and
area of about 3,156 square magma intrusion.
kilometer (sq km), of which some
2,000 sq km are agricultural, and Erosion. Erosion is a destructive
the rest are forests, wetlands, geologic process that wears down
rivers and lakes. The Quinale land masses and ultimately lowers
riverbed of the River Basin area their surfaces as close as possible
ebbs and flows with materials to base level – the extension of sea
erupted from Mt. Mayon that level inland. With time, mountain
flood events wash into the river ranges are destined to become
system. Sand quarrying, a hilly lands and then as rolling
common practice along the river, plains through river erosion.
helps reduce siltation with some Rivers erode by down-cutting
100,000 square meter (m2) of sand streambeds, scouring banks,
taken annually. The increasing transporting detached soil,
backwater effect of the lake during mineral and rock fragments, and
floods also causes the upstream depositing these detached
bed level to rise. Settlements, as fragments on floodplains,
well as livelihood, are threatened lakebeds and seabeds. The Bicol
by extensive flooding and region has a total of around 665
inundation. thousand hectares affected by
erosion, of which 511 thousand
Volcanic Hazards. The Bicol hectares were classified as
region has three active volcanoes: moderate erosion and 154
Mt. Mayon, Mt. Bulusan, and Mt. thousand hectares as severe
Iriga. Materials ejected during erosion.

Characteristics
Table 3.6 Main Features of Principal Volcanoes in the Bicol Region
FEATURE MT. IRIGA MT. MAYON MT. BULUSAN
Location Camarines Sur Albay Sorsogon
Latitude 13 degrees 27.4 N 13 degrees 15.4 N 12 degrees 46.2 N
Longitude 123 degrees 27.4 E 123 degrees 41.1 E 124 degrees 03.0 E
Height 1143 meters asl 2462 meters asl 1552 meters asl
Type Strato-Volcano Strato-Volcano Strato-Volcano
Main Rock Type Basaltic Andesite Adesite Andesite
Remarks Active Active Active

Source: Philippine Volcanology and Seismology
Bicol Regional Strategic Framework

The Regional Spatial Development shall also serve as: (a) geothermal energy
Framework (RSDF) adopts the Luzon supplier to the Luzon Grid with its
Spatial Development Framework (LSDF) aggregate generating capacity of 365.5
formulated in accordance with the megawatts; (b) producer of agricultural
National Spatial Strategy (NSS). It commodities and agri-based products
focuses on three core strategies of the using abaca, pili, pineapple, coconut,
NSS and LSDF on (a) concentration; marine products, and cattle as the prime
(b) connectivity; and (c) vulnerability commodities; (c) an ecotourism
reduction, taking into consideration the destination; (d) gateway to the Visayas,
region’s role in the LSDF as a primary Mindanao and the Pacific; and
tourist destination for ecological, (e) international gateway through the
agricultural, educational, and medical Bicol International Airport.
tourism in the country. The region
Concentration Strategy

Concentration is the distribution of through agglomeration and economies of
population in existing urban areas and scale. It hopes to achieve the following
metropolitan centers according to urban benefits:
hierarchy, and following the principles of
densification, compaction, and smart  increased innovation, creativity and
growth. It aims to increase overall economic activities, and in particular,
densities of settlements in terms of greater opportunities for
population and economic activities employment and poverty reduction;

 availability of a larger variety and identifying the hierarchy of settlements
higher levels of services; and among cities and municipalities. Cities
 reduced encroachment into and municipalities were classified
agricultural land and other according to (a) highly dense with fast
environmentally-sensitive, constrained growth and high centrality index areas
or protected areas (compared to low may be economically vibrant and
density sprawl). competitive, however, there could be
continuous and strong environmental
The proposed hierarchy follows the pressure on its resources; (b) low dense
principle of concentration. Larger with fast growth and low centrality index
settlements in terms of population are areas may have declining economic
positioned in the upper tiers while competitiveness but with low or declining
smaller population centers occupy the environmental pressure; (c) highly dense
lower tiers of the urban hierarchy. The with slow growth and high centrality
upper tiers have larger hinterlands and index may be economically vibrant and
provide more advanced urban services competitive but with increasing and
(e.g., finance, medical centers, manageable environmental pressure; and
universities, gateway ports, etc.) while the (d) low dense with slow growth and low
lower tiers have smaller catchment areas centrality index areas may have limited
and provide basic urban services (e.g., economic competitiveness and limited
small public markets, rural health units, environmental pressure. These cities and
primary and secondary schools, etc.). municipalities are listed in Table 3.7.
However, not all settlements can be fitted
in the hierarchy according to this general Taking into consideration the different
principle. Smaller settlements especially factors stated above, the hierarchy of
those identified to have strategic roles settlements of the Bicol RSDF was
(e.g. eco-tourism development, identified. The Bicol network or
transportation hub, gateway cities, hierarchy of settlements is a four-tiered
industrial and freeport zones, and science hierarchy with Metro Naga and Metro
cities, etc.) are placed in the upper levels Legazpi as the regional centers. There are
of the hierarchy. Settlements strategically 74 sub-regional centers; 169 provincial
located in clusters of settlement and centers; and 489 local centers. The
whose aggregate population satisfy the distribution of these centers are shown in
population threshold are also placed in Tables 3.8 and Figure 3.11. The detailed
the upper tiers. classification of cities and municipalities
under the network of settlements is
Data on population density, population presented in Annex A.
growth rates and centrality index were
also analyzed to give more bases in

Characteristics
Table 3.7 Classification of Cities and Municipalities Using Population Density,
Growth Rates and Centrality Index, Bicol Region
HIGH CENTRALITY INDEX LOW CENTRALITY INDEX

Legazpi, Naga, Tabaco, Daet, Pili, Canaman, Tigaon, San Jose, Camaligan, Magarao,
Masbate City, Sorsogon City, Balatan, Ocampo, Malilipot, Bombon, Milaor,
HD/FG Ligao, Polangui, Iriga City, Baao, Gainza
Calabanga, Santo Domingo
Virac, Pasacao, Jose Panganiban, Mandaon, Capalonga, Matnog, San Fernando (CS),
Goa Lagonoy, Paracale, Pamplona, Pilar, Sagňay,
Ragay, Bula, Baleno, Minalabac, Malinao, Milagros,
LD/FG Castilla, Placer, Donsol, Caramoran, Rapu-Rapu,
Mobo, Aroroy, Monreal, San Miguel, Balud, Uson,
Dimasalang, Bagamanoc, Lupi, San Pascual,
Presentacion, Cawayan
HD/SG Daraga, Nabua, Bulan, Camalig Gubat, Tiwi, Bacacay, Cabusao, Talisay, Bato (Cat)
Guinobatan, Labo, Libmanan, Sta. Bato (CS) , Pio Duran, Sipocot, Batuan, Del Gallego,
Elena Caramoan, Tinambac, Libon, San Andres, Siruma,
Irosin, Buhi, Magallanes, Cataingan, Basud,
Panganiban, Manito, Oas, Pandan, Mercedes,
LD/SG Vinsons, Esperanza, Palanas, Garchitorena, San
Jacinto, Juban, Gigmoto, Bulusan, Claveria, Baras,
San Vicente, Pio V. Corpuz, Viga, Casiguran, San
Lorenzo Ruiz, Prieto Diaz, San Fernando (Mas),
Jovellar, Barcelona, Sta. Magdalena
HD – High density; FG – Fast growth; LD – Low density; SG – Slow growth
Source: Bicol RSDF
Table 3.8 Number of Urban Centers in the Proposed Hierarchy of Settlements

by Province, Bicol Region
Regional Sub-regional Provincial Local

Provinces
Centers Centers Centers Centers
Albay 1 2 8 7
Camarines Norte - 1 3 8
Camarines Sur 1 2 11 23
Catanduanes - 1 - 10
Masbate - 1 5 15
Sorsogon - 2 5 9
Total 2 9 32 71
Source: Bicol RSDF
Daraga), which together, form a growth
The growth of the Bicol region is corridor that provides higher urban
anchored on the regional centers, which services, employment opportunities, and
consist of Metro Naga (an agglomeration linkages to major tourist destinations.
of the City of Naga and 14 municipalities This growth corridor is strategically
in Camarines Sur), and Metro Legazpi located at the center of the region that
(Legazpi City and the municipality of shall provide higher level of services

needed by the sub-regional and the north and Metro Legazpi in the
provincial centers. Metro Naga will serve south. This sub-regional center has
the provinces of Camarines Norte, evolved into an eco-tourism, agro-
Camarines Sur and parts of Catanduanes economic, and educational hub. Ligao
and Masbate while Metro Legazpi will City is bounded on the north by the
serve the provinces of Albay, Sorsogon municipality of Oas and on the south by
and parts of Catanduanes and Masbate. the municipality of Guinobatan, both are
Metro Legazpi shall be the regional provincial centers of Albay. Matnog lies
government center. The Naga-Legazpi to the southernmost tip of the region
corridor shall be developed through the which serves as the gateway to many
implementation of Naga-Legazpi freeway islands in Visayas. It is a center for
system, Naga-Legazpi Philippine tourism with its saltwater destinations.
National Railways commuter service, Masbate City is located at the central part
Naga airport, and the BIA. of the archipelago; the city provides
access to Visayas and Mindanao
The region has nine sub-regional centers provinces. The Tabaco City Terminal
namely: Daet, Camarines Norte; Iriga Port, with its strategic location and
City; Ligao City; Masbate City; Matnog, facilities, is classified as an international
Sorsogon; Pili, Camarines Sur; Sorsogon port. It is also the main point of entry in
City; Tabaco City; and Virac. As a first the region and plays a major role in terms
class municipality, Daet supplements the of foreign trade. An economic zone has
level of services provided by Metro Naga. been identified in the northeast part of
The Maharlika Highway provides access Sorsogon City allowing it to become a
to visitors from the NCR and to other hub for trade and commerce. The
provincial and local centers such as rehabilitation of Virac Port provides
Basud and Talisay, both in Camarines better access to goods and services in the
Norte. Iriga City is strategically located province of Catanduanes.
at the heart of Bicol economic growth
corridor, complementing Metro Naga in

Characteristics
Figure 3.11 Hierarchy of Settlements Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

The region has 32 provincial centers with observed that the location of all centers,
minimum population size of 50,000. whether regional, sub regional,
These settlements are typically major provincial, or local centers, are in areas
municipalities of a province that provide where the national road and ports exist.
urban services to adjacent towns or The Maharlika Highway (AH 26) is the
cluster of settlements. There are 71 local major road traversing the whole Bicol
settlement centers that form the lowest peninsula and it is along this major
level of the hierarchy with population size thoroughfare that settlements and
of less than 50,000. Figure 3.11 shows the economic activities converged.
network of settlements. It can be
Connectivity Strategy
The connectivity framework for the NSS, the use of gravity model to prioritize
region aims to enhance the linkages of urban linkages that are intended to
communication, transportation (land, further improve the agglomeration of
air, and sea), and economic infrastructure urban areas and improve economies of
systems to: (a) increase access and scale in the market systems shall be
improve the efficiency of markets; (b) adopted by the Bicol RSDF. The NSS
manage growth and the development of envisions a twin spine-three corridor
settlements according to specific urban network of settlements. The west and
and regional plans; and (c) reduce east spines frame the spatial development
vulnerability during emergency situations of Central Luzon-Mega Manila-South
by increasing redundancy of Luzon or the Greater Capital Region
transportation routes, communication (GCR) for brevity. The GCR extends
and other infrastructure facilities. upward in Northern Luzon and
downward in the Mimaropa-Bicol area.
With its archipelagic characteristic, the The spines then move further south onto
region can interconnect with the different Visayas where they converge with Metro
areas of the country through the roll on- Cebu - via Sorsogon, and Masbate in
roll off (RORO) system (Figure 3.12). It Bicol, and then branch off into three
also provides the backbone of land corridors that cover Mindanao. Access
transport system to Visayas and and circulation between and among the
Mindanao through the PNR mainline different sub-regional, provincial, and
south and Maharlika Highway (Figure town centers will be facilitated through
3.13), and air transport to Manila and the development of backbone, lateral, and
Cebu (Figure 3.14). As espoused by the strategic all-access roads (Figure 3.15).

Characteristics
Figure 3.12 Sea Transportation Route Map of the Bicol Region Figure 3.10.
Source: Bicol RSDF

Figure 3.13 Road Network Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

Characteristics
Figure 3.14 Air Transportation Route Map of the Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF

Figure 3.15 North-South Backbone/East-West Lateral/Strategic Road Development
Framework

Source: Luzon Spatial Development Framework

The following sub-strategies shall support facilities; (e) improvement of existing

the core strategy on connectivity: airports and facilities; (f) construction of
(a) improvement and/or widening of new airports and facilities; (g) provision
existing road links and bridges; of stable and low cost power supply; and
(b) opening of new roads and bridges; (c) (h) provision of efficient communication
modernizing existing ports and facilities; system.
(d) construction of new ports and

Characteristics
Vulnerability Reduction Strategy
Various literatures concluded that concentration and connectivity strategies
disaster occurs due to the interaction with the primary objective to separate or
between the communities’ exposure to control the extent of interaction between
hazard, and its existing vulnerabilities. the general population, and protected
The degree of disaster risks is further (e.g. NIPAS, SAFDZ, critical watershed)
intensified by the changing climate. The and hazard prone areas (e.g. fault lines
Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and and other areas prone to floods,
Management Act of 2010 (RA 10121) and landslides, and other hazards)4.
the Climate Change Act of 2009 (RA
9729) envision to achieve (a) safer, The delineation and identification of
adaptive and disaster-resilient Filipino ECAs, hazard prone areas, and
communities toward sustainable vulnerabilities of the elements at risk, as
development, and (b) a climate-risk shown in Figure 3.16, is the primary
resilient Philippines with healthy, safe, concern of this strategy. The appropriate
prosperous and self-reliant communities, and specific vulnerability reduction
and thriving and productive ecosystem. measure for a particular spatial area can
The existence of various hazards and the be determined by identifying and
region’s vulnerabilities expose the delineating the protection, conservation
Bicolanos to higher degree of disaster and and hazard prone areas, as well as the
climate risks, thus, the challenge to build vulnerabilities of the elements at risk
resilient communities remains. Since including those of the population,
hazard and vulnerabilities may exist in a agriculture and industries, and other
specific spatial area, DRR-CCA is infrastructure facilities. It is essential that
essential to be mainstreamed in the an in-depth and detailed assessment of
spatial framework. the prevalent risks (hazards and
vulnerabilities) should be considered
The Bicol RSDF shall adopt vulnerability especially at the local level as basis for the
reduction strategies in accordance with identification of corresponding
LSDF to address the above-mentioned vulnerability reduction measure.
concern. The vulnerability reduction
strategy will be integrated both in the
4
Arturo G. Corpuz. National Spatial Strategy. September 2012.

Figure 3.16. Map of Protected and High Risk Areas to Hazard, Bicol Region
Source: Bicol RSDF
Figure 3.17 shows that there are properties, and livelihood because of
settlements, particularly in the river basin their physical exposure and proximity to
areas, where flooding frequently occurs. these hazard-prone areas.
Figure 3.18 presents the hazard-prone
areas, and the built-up areas that are
exposed to hazards like landslide, flood,
storm surge, tsunami, and earthquake.
These hazards pose risks to people’s lives,

Characteristics
Figure 3.17 Map of Settlements in Safe and Flood-Prone Area,
Bicol Region
Source: NAMRIA & DENR-MGB


Figure 3.18 Built-up cum Multi Hazard Map, Bicol Region
Source: NAMRIA & DENR-MGB

Characteristics
The following guiding principles will be  Transportation routes, buildings
adopted in relation to spatial context: and other infrastructure facilities
related to connectivity must
 Spatial areas with high exposure to demonstrate resiliency. Access
hazards and ECAs shall be kept as no especially during disasters is vital.
building zones. Further development Alternative routes through an
such as building of permanent alignment that is not subject to the
infrastructure can only be allowed same threat should be built
with the necessary mitigating especially where infrastructure
measures. Corresponding measures and transportation routes cannot
to minimize further encroachment in avoid passing through a hazard
these areas must be implemented. prone area or protected area
(Corpuz, 2012). To avoid
 Depending on the intensity and isolation and ensure prompt
frequency of existing hazard as well response operation, ideally, all
as the degree of risk, differentiated major regional and provincial
decision on land use can be routes are essential to have such
considered5. For example in redundancy6.
moderately landslide prone areas,
agricultural use could be allowed but  The application of the building
residential use must be forbidden. back better principle must be
incorporated in the post-disaster
 Ecological integrity and stability efforts. For instance, a damage
must be protected and sustained. infrastructure facility which needs
Further degradation of the to be rehabilitated or
environment must be strictly reconstructed must further
prohibited such as illegal logging demonstrate resiliency and
activities. In the event that strength to resist hazard force.
development cannot be avoided, the
carrying capacity of the environment
must be taken into account (e.g.,
policy that limits the number of
visitors in a specific tourism site per
day).
5
Mark Fleischhauer. Spatial Planning and Risk Governance: Potentials and Limitations of Spatial Planning in Multi-Risk
Management of Urban Areas. Planning for Disaster Prone Areas: Approaches, Strategies and Experience from Haiti.
Proactive Planning including Governance, Institutional Arrangements and Disaster Resistant Infrastructure. 2011.
6
Arturo G. Corpuz. National Spatial Strategy. September 2012

As emphasized under the NSS, part of values that reinforce their respective
vulnerability reduction is the resolution roles. These require, however,
of land use conflicts. To address these, appropriate institutional capacity
the Bicol RSDF adopts the following both within the public and private
principles as stipulated in the LSDF and sectors to implement and manage the
NSS: land (and water) using activities
(Corpuz, 2012).
 Conflicts between urban expansion
and key production areas shall be Although land use planning and zoning
resolved in favor of the latter are two of the most common non-
provided that provisions for structural risk mitigation measures in the
expansion are recognized and are in local level, other vulnerability reduction
place (as part of the resolution itself measures must also be taken into
or as part of a separate local-regional consideration to fully address
plan). As mentioned earlier, the vulnerability issues. The physical
preferred way of accommodating (infrastructure and non-infrastructure
future growth is through higher facilities including lifelines, etc.); social
densities within the existing built up (knowledge and skills of the
areas, but with appropriate support communities, institutional and
infrastructure and services. An organizational mechanism, policies, etc.);
alternative is to expand in areas that economic (labor, employment, and trade,
minimize conflict but remain etc.); and environmental (forest, water,
accessible as far as employment and land and mineral resources, etc.)
service delivery are concerned. elements at risk are essential to be
Transportation routes and facilities provided with appropriate interventions
need to be an integral part of to reduce vulnerabilities and increase the
protection plans in order to channel capacities. The four priority areas of
growth (and eliminate or reduce concern under the national disaster risk
potential conflicts) into areas that can reduction and management (DRRM)
accommodate them. Plans should framework namely (a) disaster
direct and not merely prevent. prevention and mitigation, (b) disaster
Expansion into rural land cannot be preparedness, (c) disaster response, and
totally avoided, however, decisions (d) disaster rehabilitation and recovery
have to be made where these can take should be taken into account.
place; otherwise, these are likely to
take place indiscriminately (Corpuz, To further support vulnerability
2012). reduction strategy, the following sub-
strategies will be observed:
 Eco-tourism, agri-forestry, and urban
amenities can be part of the  Mainstreaming DRR-CCA to other
resolution involving conflicts development plans and policies
between production and protection
areas. Both should have market
Characteristics
 Strengthening the institutional and  Strengthening the disaster response
coordination mechanism from the and recovery mechanism including
local level (barangay) up to the efforts to build back better
regional level  Further intensify the capacity of all
sectors in the communities including
 Strengthening the information the vulnerable ones (e.g., conduct of
management and assessment process capacity building activities,
information, education and
communications campaign, etc.).
Investment Program
The RSDF contains 57 PAPs classified as infrastructure in nature. The list of core
core projects (39) and complementary PAPs is presented in Table 1 of Annex B
projects (18), with a total investment and are shown in Figure 3.19. Projects
requirement of PhP672.867 billion. that support the core PAPs are classified
Priority or core PAPs are those that as complementary projects. These
directly address the RSDF strategies on projects are presented in Table 2 of
connectivity, concentration, and Annex B and are shown in Figure 3.20.
vulnerability reduction. These projects The required funding for the
may be implemented within 10 years complementary projects is approximately
under appropriate funding mix of the PhP274.452 billion. All the identified
government, Official Development PAPs are under the transport subsector
Assistance (ODA), and Public-Private and majority of the complementary PAPs
Partnership (PPP). The required funding are supportive of the connectivity and
for the core projects is estimated at vulnerability strategies.
PhP398.415 billion which are all

Figure 3.19 Map of Bicol RSDF Core Projects
Source: Bicol RSDF

Characteristics
Figure 3.20 Map of Bicol RSDF Complimentary Projects
Source: Bicol RSDF

Chapter 4
Bicol Regional Development

Plan 2017-2022 Overall
Framework

The Bicol RDP adopts the overall strategic framework espoused in the PDP as
presented in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1. Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Overall Framework
The Bicol RDP shall aspire to contribute of: “Malasakit” (enhancing the social
to the attainment of a “Matatag, fabric), “Pagbabago” (reducing
Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay para sa inequality), and “Patuloy na Pag-unlad”
Lahat” by laying down a solid foundation (increasing potential growth of
for more inclusive growth, a high-trust the economy).
and resilient society, and a globally
competitive knowledge economy. This
will be done by focusing on three pillars
Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall Framework 57
Enhancing the social fabric: The aim is these values and how these will be
to regain peoples’ trust in public demonstrated in public service.
institutions and cultivate trust in fellow
Filipinos through “Malasakit”. Public “Pagka-malikhain” for development is
offices will be characterized as people- another value that will be advanced under
centered, efficient and clean (Chapter 5). the PDP and the Bicol RDP 2017-2022.
Government offices shall be equipped This will include building awareness and
with adequate facilities, personnel shall appreciation for the arts, and promoting
be trained, and systems shall be improved creative excellence.
to ensure the prompt delivery of services.
Citizens shall also be empowered to Inequality-reducing transformation:
engage with the government. Ordinary Filipinos will feel the
“Pagbabago”. For each economic sector,
Administration of justice will be there will be more opportunities for
perceived as swift and fair (Chapter 6). growth of outputs and income; and
From a fragmented mode of delivering subsectors and economic groups that
justice, a “sector approach” shall be used to lag behind, like farmers and
adopted. Processes – from lodging of fisherfolks and Micro, Small and Medium
complaints to investigations, prosecution, Enterprises (MSMEs), will benefit from
and conviction – shall be streamlined and these opportunities (Chapters 8 and 9).
harmonized across the different agencies
in the executive and judiciary branches of Opportunities in agriculture shall be
government. Systems to exact expanded by fostering linkages with the
accountability shall be put in place. industry and services sectors for more
efficient value-adding processes and
Filipinos will have increased awareness of more effective commercialization.
and will learn to value the country’s Productivity in agriculture will need to be
cultural diversity and shared heritage raised by developing an integrated
(Chapter 7). Existing traditions shall be agricultural map to identify the
meticulously documented and archived comparative advantage of particular
in Knowledge Development Centers and areas. Collaboration between and among
Institutes of Living Traditions to be the science, technology, and extension
established across the country. Heritage systems in agriculture shall be
conservation plans shall be formulated strengthened. Farm mechanization and
and implemented. Cultural education technology adoption shall be promoted.
shall be mainstreamed in basic and Organized farm management shall be
higher education. encouraged to achieve economies of
scale. Climate-resilient small-scale
Values for the common good, to include irrigation systems shall be constructed or
“malasakit” values, shall be promoted retrofitted, as necessary.
using several media and integrated in
school curricula. Personnel in The governance framework for fisheries
government shall also be taught about management shall be improved to make

it effective. This includes, though is not Individuals and people groups will have
limited to, undertaking regular fish stock more options to develop their full
inventory, strictly enforcing measures potential (Chapter 10).
against illegal, unreported and
unregulated fishing, and regulating Nutrition and health status shall be
fishery structures. As with agriculture, improved by ensuring access to proper
the fishery subsector will also care at all life stages. Health financing
benefit from stronger linkages with the programs shall be sustained.
industry and service sectors for value-
adding, packaging, storage, transport, Lifelong learning opportunities shall be
distribution and marketing, and made available to all. Government shall
even financing. invest in soft and hard infrastructure for
basic education to make the facilities
The industry and service sectors will be more accessible and the curriculum more
globally competitive as the country relevant. Quality of technical and
strengthens its economic ties with other vocational, and higher education shall be
countries. Domestic suppliers, including improved so that they produce
MSMEs, shall be encouraged to competent and highly responsive
maximize the benefits of existing individuals and workforce.
free trade agreements and other
cooperative arrangements. Policies and programs shall be put in
place to increase the income-earning
Increasing presence in the global market, ability of individuals. These include
supply and value chain shall be made apprenticeship and internship programs,
more efficient with stronger forward and opportunities for re-tooling and skills
backward linkages. This will require enhancement, and policies to promote
dependable supply of raw materials, work-life balance and ensure that
adequate labor and technology, and the workers receive decent wages.
presence of suitable soft and hard
infrastructure. Vulnerability of individuals will be
reduced (Chapter 11). Some individuals
Inclusive business models and social and people groups have inherent
enterprises shall be developed to better vulnerabilities, like children, older
engage MSMEs. The MSMEs will enjoy persons, women, differently- abled
easier access to finance. At the same persons, and indigenous peoples (IPs).
time, financial literacy training shall be Policies and programs shall be put in
provided to MSMEs, cooperatives, and to place to ensure that their social, cultural
Overseas Filipinos and their families. and economic rights are protected and
that they eventually empowered to
Restrictions on foreign investments shall participate in the development of the
be eased and bureaucratic processes for country. There shall be programs to help
both local and foreign investors shall be ensure the well-being of individuals and
streamlined. families against economic risks, natural

and human-induced hazards. There will be aggressive efforts to ensure
that families will be of the size that they
Communities will be more resilient can adequately care and provide for.
(Chapter 12). The housing program of Age-appropriate sexuality education shall
the Duterte Administration shall be in be integrated in the school curriculum.
line with the new urban agenda of Full information and orientation
developing integrated neighborhoods programs on responsible parenthood and
and sustainable communities. Innovative reproductive health shall be made widely
solutions to housing construction shall be available. Access to services shall also be
encouraged and alternative modes of made easier in order to fully meet the
financing shall be developed to improve need for modern family planning
the access of families to decent methods. This shall be complemented by
housing. Community relations shall measures to increase the labor market
be strengthened and community participation of women, to defer
organization shall be empowered childbearing and attain wholesome birth
to engage with government in ensuring spacing.
the safety, security, and development of
their communities. Enabling and supportive economic
environment. Growth will be supported
Increasing potential growth: It is by maintaining macroeconomic stability,
imperative that economic growth is putting in place a strategic trade and
accelerated and sustained for “Patuloy fiscal policy, and enhancing access to
na Pag-unlad.” A major strategy to financial services. The tax system,
sustain and further accelerate growth in including its administration, shall be
the future is by graduating to a made simpler, fairer, more equitable, and
knowledge economy (Chapter 14). internationally competitive (Chapter 15).
Science, technology and innovation (STI)
in agriculture, industry and service Market competition will be enhanced
sectors shall be promoted and even (Chapter 16). There shall be broad-based
accelerated. Policies and programs to communication and advocacy efforts
facilitate knowledge flows and protect to increase awareness about the benefits
intellectual property rights shall be put in of market competition. Reporting and
place or enhanced. A culture of creativity feedback mechanisms shall also be
shall be created, beginning with the very developed through which consumers can
young students in basic education and all report on anti-competitive behavior and
through higher and technical education. practices of firms. At the same
Innovation hubs shall be established as a time, government policies and
way of providing venues to nurture regulations shall be reviewed to ensure
creativity and innovation. competition-neutrality.
Potential growth can be further enhanced Foundations for sustainable development.

by accelerating the full harvest of the The physical environment, on the other
demographic dividend (Chapter 13). hand, will be characterized by a balanced

and strategic development of and implemented. Communities in
infrastructure, while ensuring ecological conflict-affected and conflict vulnerable
integrity and a clean and healthy areas shall be protected and developed.
environment. Government peace and development
situations shall be strengthened to make
The next six years will be characterized as them more responsive to peace, conflict
the “golden age of infrastructure” in the and security issues.
Philippines (Chapter 19). Spending on
infrastructure will increase to at least five Territorial integrity and sovereignty will
percent of Gross Domestic Product be upheld and protected (Chapter 18).
(GDP) from less than three percent This will be achieved by strategic
previously. The program shall be diplomacy and by continuously
rationalized based on strategic master upgrading our defense capability.
plans effecting inter-regional connectivity Government shall strengthen bilateral
and integrated province-level plans, some relations, alliances and mutually-
of which shall be developed and some beneficial partnerships, ensure a strong
updated. There will be greater presence in regional and multilateral fora,
complementation of the different modes and develop new security and
of financing infrastructure projects – cooperation arrangements. The
locally-funded, foreign assisted, and capability of military, including law
projects under public private partnership enforcers in terms of facilities, equipment
(PPP). and skills shall be enhanced to protect
our strategic interests and to effectively
Implementation of the infrastructure implement laws and policies.
program shall be fast-tracked by adopting
a 24/7 work schedule for major A top priority of the Duterte
infrastructure projects. Other issues shall Administration is the reduction of all
be addressed by better governance, policy forms of criminal activities and illegal
and regulatory reforms such as the drugs. This will be done through a
creation of an apex body to coordinate holistic program that involves not only
efforts in the water resource sector, combatting crimes but also the
ensuring availability of right-of-way corruption that perpetuates such acts.
(ROW), and streamlining processes in The approach shall be comprehensive
the issuance of permits necessary to and shall include information,
implement the projects. education and communication (IEC)
campaigns, community organization and
All these will be underpinned by ensuring mobilization, and police-community
national security against internal and partnerships to ensure public order
external threats (Chapter 17). There will and safety.
be earnest efforts to secure lasting peace
through the resumption of peace talks An important partner of development is
and pursuing social justice. Agreements the environment and natural resource
to resolve the conflicts shall be negotiated (ENR) sector. Its contribution should be

properly recognized, to wit: provisioning designed following a ridge-to-reef
(e.g., food, raw materials, freshwater), approach and a sustainable area
regulating (e.g., local climate and air development framework so that the
quality, carbon sequestration and storage, interdependence of the different
erosion prevention), supporting (e.g., ecosystems are considered. Policies to
habitats for species, maintenance of define property and usufruct rights shall
genetic diversity) and cultural (e.g., be put in place so that responsibilities
recreation, ecotourism). However, for care and management of the ENR
improper use and abuse of ENR greatly are identified.
diminishes the quantity and quality of its
contribution to development and, if left Migration and development. The PDP
unchecked for some time, can result in and the Bicol RDP give deliberate
the deterioration of the quality of life of attention to the special circumstances of
the people it serves. OFs and their families. The goal is to
protect their rights and improve their
The PDP and the RDP 2017-2022 contain well-being, whether here or abroad,
strategies to rehabilitate and restore strengthen their engagement in
degraded natural resources, and protect governance and facilitate their
fragile ecosystems. Even in urban areas, integration in the country’s development
green spaces will be expanded. At the while working abroad, and eventually
same time, there will be programs to reintegration in their home country. The
improve the welfare of resource- appropriate strategies are mainstreamed
dependent communities as they take on in the relevant chapters of the RDP.
the role of primary stewards of the ENR
(Chapter 20). The interventions shall be

Chapter 5
Ensuring People-Centered,
Clean, and Efficient
Governance
The cornerstone of a high-trust society is the trust in government.7 Making
the government worthy of people’s trust means that citizens will be
encouraged to participate in governance initiatives; the programs, activities,
and projects, and policies of the government must be responsive to the needs
of the people; and public goods and services must be delivered through an
efficient and timely manner. This chapter discusses strategies to ensure a
clean, efficient and people-centered governance in the region by engaging
and empowering citizens, strengthening institutions, and providing an
enabling environment to improve access to public goods and services.
Assessment and Challenges

The Bicol RDP 2011-2016 sector Allotment (IRA) utilization, Abstract of
outcome of good governance and Bid, Statement of Receipts and
sustainable development practiced in Expenditures, among others. The local
the region was partially attained officials of provinces, cities, and
with the establishment in some municipalities were required to comply
government offices of systems to with the provisions of the FDP by posting
improve transparency, accountability, financial documents in the FDP portal
and productivity. and in three conspicuous places to
inform the constituents on how the LGU
The previous plan target was to make all budget was used, managed and
LGUs in the Bicol region, by the end of disbursed. The number of LGUs fully
the plan period, compliant with the Full compliant with the FDP decreased from
Disclosure Policy (FDP). The FDP is a 113 (94%) in 2011 to 100 (83%) in 2016,
transparency mechanism initiated by the while 16 LGUs (13%) were partially
Department of the Interior and Local compliant and four LGUs (3%) were
Government (DILG) for public non-compliant. Reasons for non-
disclosure of financial documents, such compliance can be attributed to lack of
as Annual Budget Report, Annual adequate manpower to prepare FDP
Procurement Plan, twenty percent reports and lack of budget for the
component of Internal Revenue maintenance of website domain.
7

Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022
Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean, and Efficient Governance 67

Most LGUs sustained the practice of enhanced SGLG criteria which already
transparency and accountability. In 2011, include the presence of updated
there were 79 LGUs (66 percent) awarded Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP),
with the Seal of Good Housekeeping no Commission on Audit (COA) adverse
(SGH) with their compliance to the FDP findings, and the LGU updated
and support from the local chief remittances of Government Service
executives (LCEs). In 2014, the DILG Insurance System (GSIS) premiums and
instituted policy reforms linked to loan payments. The SGLG awarding was
recognition award and incentive program done on October 27, 2016 in Manila.
to pursue excellence in local governance
and delivery of basic services. The SGH Compliance of agencies to the provisions
was scaled-up into Seal of Good Local of Anti-Red Tape Act (ARTA) of 2007 or
Governance (SGLG) through DILG Republic Act (RA) 9485 increased from
Memorandum Circular No. 2014-39. 508 agencies in 2011 to 570 in 2012. The
Under the SGLG, the performance of Civil Service Commission (CSC), as lead
LGUs is assessed based on the three core implementing agency of ARTA,
areas plus one essential area. The core monitored the performance of agencies
areas are: (a) good financial related to frontline service delivery
housekeeping (GFH) or formerly the through the conduct of ARTA Watch and
SGH; (b) disaster preparedness; and (c) ARTA Report Card Survey (RCS). All
social protection. The essential areas agencies are required to set up their
are: business friendliness and respective service standards or Citizen’s
competitiveness; peace and order; and Charter, establish Public Assistance and
environmental management. The GFH is Complaints Desk (PACD), and observe
very important to LGUs since it is part of the “No Noon Break” policy. From 2014
the governance eligibility conditions to to 2015, a total of 124 agencies were
implement projects under the BuB subjected to ARTA Watch and ARTA
Program as well as in availing loans. The RCS. Agencies that failed in the ARTA
SGLG pilot assessment for all LGUs RCS were assisted through the Service
nationwide was conducted in 2014 Delivery Excellence Program. Frontline
wherein 17 LGUs (15%) in Bicol region service delivery improved because the
passed. These LGUs were awarded with agencies set-up their PACD and
the SGLG on September 10, 2015, in complied with the “No Noon Break”
Legazpi City. The LGU awardees policy. The agencies also formulated and
received the SGLG Marker, alampay, for displayed their citizen’s charters in
the LCEs and Performance Challenge conspicuous places. In 2015, seven
Fund check as an incentive amounting to agencies were awarded with the Citizen’s
PhP7 million for the province; PhP5 Satisfaction Center Seal of Excellence
million for the city; and PhP3 million for because they obtained excellent rating in
municipality, to finance their local the ARTA RCS and demonstrated
development projects. For 2015 SGLG exemplary frontline service delivery to
assessment, only ten LGUs (8%) passed. their clients. However, some agencies are
Most LGUs failed to meet the DILG non-compliant to ARTA due to lack of

personnel to man the PACD, hectic Budget delivery in the government

work schedule of employees, and lack of agencies becomes transparent with
office space. agencies posting in their websites the
Transparency Seal that contains
On the part of LGUs, the provincial information like annual reports,
government of Camarines Sur received approved budget, procurement plans,
the first Citizen's Satisfaction Center Seal status of implementation of programs
of Excellence in 2011. In 2012, there were and projects, among others. The e-
117 LGUs (97%) who had submitted Budget System for budget execution was
findings and report card survey wherein continuously implemented by the
35 LGUs were rated excellent, 73 good, Department of Budget and Management
three acceptable, and six failed. (DBM) to facilitate fund releases to
agencies. The Government Manpower
Government employees with outstanding Information System was utilized for
contributions and achievements in the budget and personnel management
delivery of public services were purposes to monitor the itemized
recognized through the Honor Awards positions of clientele agencies.
Program. In 2016, two awardees received
the Presidential Lingkod Bayan Award, Among LGUs, the community-based
four received the Dangal ng Bayan monitoring system (CBMS),
Award, and eight received the CSC Pag- computerization of supply and property
Asa Award. management system, revenue
management computerization program,
From 2012 to 2015, a total of 134 and electronic new government
agencies have approved Strategic accounting system were established
Performance Management System which contributed in the productivity
(SPMS) but only 124 agencies had improvement.
functional SPMS. The achievement was
attributed to the technical assistance and All city and municipal governments were
orientations provided by the CSC in trained on business permit and licensing
formulating the SPMS. However, the system (BPLS). Through the BPLS,
agencies encountered difficulties in reforms were institutionalized such as
formulating the success indicators. In reduced processing time, standardized
July 2014, the CSC launched the Program business permits and licenses, and
to Institutionalize Meritocracy and improved customer relation. The
Excellence in Human Resource establishment of Business One-Stop-
Management (PRIME-HRM) to assess Shop (BOSS) for business licensing
agency’s HRM competencies, systems improved the LGUs’ productivity aside
and standards, and practices toward from raising more revenues. Among the
human resource excellence. As of LGUs who have implemented the system
December 2015, all agencies were are the cities of Naga and Sorsogon.
assessed by the CSC using PRIME-HRM
indicators.

Through the annual ranking of cities and The following challenges need to be
municipalities in the entire country using addressed during the plan period:
the Cities and Municipalities
Competitiveness Index (CMCI) survey,  Improving the participation of the
cities and municipalities were ranked on citizenry in regional development.
their competitiveness based on the Public participation in the affairs of
overall competitiveness score on three the government should be increased
main pillars: economic dynamism, to promote a consultative process in
government efficiency, and policy and decision making. The
infrastructure. Naga City maintained its public are not actively engaged
rank as the overall most competitive although platforms for citizen’s
component city in the country for two participation are available. These
consecutive years (2015 and 2016) from platforms should be reviewed and the
third place in 2014. Legazpi City ranked public be properly informed for a
third most competitive component city in more effective citizen engagement.
2016 from the 23rd place in 2015. Included
in the 2016 most competitive  Adhering to the rule of law to
municipalities were Daet, Camarines improve government services. The
Norte (17th) and Tigaon, Camarines Sur implementation of the ARTA
(11th). Manito, Albay ranked second in provisions related to feedbacks on
economic dynamism. Under the most client satisfaction, such as RCS and
competitive province category, ARTA Watch, should be supported.
Camarines Sur and Albay ranked 18th and Existing feedback mechanisms, such
19th, respectively. as the Contact Center ng Bayan,
suggestion box, and client feedback
Overseas Filipinos (OFs) faced several survey, should be maintained.
issues and concerns that need to be
addressed. Among the common issues  Promoting transparency, improve
are: (a) lack of accessibility on migration performance management and
information and related government accountability measures in the
advisories and directives; (b) non- government. All government
inclusion of some government agencies and LGUs should establish
migration-serving agencies in the their websites where government
Overseas Filipinos Information System; data such as annual reports, plans,
(c) high cost of migration such as high budget, programs and projects, and
percentage of drop-outs among school other relevant documents including
aged children of OFs, teenage pregnancy, migration information and directives
broken marriages; and absence of can be accessed by the public.
accredited medical facilities where Moreover, the data being shared
overseas workers secure medical should be scrutinized and updated.
certification. All LGUs should fully comply with
the FDP and pursue excellence in all
aspects of good governance while

providing basic services to the unnecessary regulations and

people. The implementation of processes should be eliminated by
public financial management (PFM) streamlining processes to facilitate
reforms remains a challenge. The government transactions, such as in
PFM reforms include linking and business permits and applications for
harmonizing planning and passports.
budgeting, accounting and auditing
in government. Public accountability  Strengthening the culture of
in managing development programs, performance and accountability
projects and activities including among civil servants. Civil servants
measures in budgeting, procurement should adhere to the principle of
and auditing also need to be performance-based tenure and
improved. incentive system. Improvement in
human resource management such as
 Ensuring efficient and effective assessment of competencies, systems
delivery of public services. This and practices of agencies is also
should be done at all levels to needed.
improve government processes and
transactions. Complex and
Strategic Framework
Ensuring people-centered, clean, efficient should have been achieved: (a) citizenry
and effective governance will contribute fully engaged and empowered; (b)
to enhancing the social fabric or administrative governance enhanced; (c)
“Malasakit” towards laying down the seamless service delivery achieved; and
foundation for inclusive growth, a high- (d) civil service strengthened. Figure 5.1
trust and resilient society, and a globally presents the Strategic Framework to
competitive knowledge economy. By Ensure People-centered, Clean, Efficient,
2022, the following subsector outcomes and Effective Governance.
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to increase with the Seal of Good Local Governance
the following: (a) percentage of provinces, (SGLG); (d) proportion of LGUs with PFM
cities and municipalities (PCMs) with the Improvement Plans; (e) proportion of
required NGO representation in the local agencies assessed that have passed the
development council; (b) number of cities ARTA RCS survey ; and (f) proportion of
and municipalities with Automated agencies compliant with PRIME HRM
Business Permit and Licenses System levels.
(BPLS); (c) percentage of PCMs conferred

Figure 5.1. Strategic Framework to Ensure People-Centered, Clean, Efficient, and

Effective Governance, 2017-2022

Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve Ayaw sa Anomalya, Mamamayang
the subsector outcomes to address the Ayaw sa Illegal na Droga (MASA
challenges presented above: MASID)”. It was launched by the DILG
to combat corruption, criminality, and
Subsector Outcome 1: Citizenry the spread of illegal drugs. The local
fully engaged and empowered stakeholders, private sector
organizations, civic organizations, and
 Promote participatory and inclusive volunteers will be involved in the IEC
governance. The role of civil society campaigns, reporting mechanisms, and
organizations (CSOs) in regional community-based rehabilitation
development will be strengthened programs. Another is the ADM, a pro-
through issuances of related guidelines, poor and pro-people program which
circulars and joint memoranda. This will assist the LGUs in strengthening
strategy will enable the CSOs to their ability to deliver basic services.
participate in government activities, It is recommended to revisit RA 7160
such as in the identification, on Civil Society Organization (CSO)
implementation, and monitoring of participation and on local service
government projects. One of the delivery.
programs to be implemented under
this strategy is the “Mamamayang

The OFs shall be encouraged to subject all agencies and LGUs to

participate in development planning. ARTA Watch and RCS to determine
This involves creation of local migration their full compliance to the Act. The
and development councils, regional ARTA Watch and RCS are tools used
committees, OFW desks, and in measuring client satisfaction of
strengthening of migrant resource government’s frontline services.
centers. During national elections
and plebiscites, more advanced  Ensure public access to
technology will be used to increase OF information. The strategy includes
voters’ turnout. sustaining the existing transparency
initiatives such as the Transparency
The citizenry shall be encouraged to Seal and Citizen’s Charter. All
practice volunteerism to strengthen agencies and LGUs shall be
democratic institutions for nation encouraged to develop their websites
building. Platforms for inclusive so that data and information about
volunteering will be opened by the government processes and
national and local governments to enable transactions will be accessible to the
ordinary citizens to take active role in public. Provinces, cities,
information sharing, conflict resolution, municipalities, and barangays shall
public resource management, and other be required to fully comply with the
related processes. FDP. The monitoring system of the
FDP will be strengthened and a
 Institutionalize feedback, mechanism will be devised to assist
complaints and response those non-complying LGUs and
mechanisms at all levels. Through agencies. Provision of Information
feedback mechanisms, the citizens and Communication Technology
will feel empowered to provide ideas (ICT) infrastructure for internet
for the improvement of services and accessibility and free wifi access to all
also a way for service providers to public places shall also be pursued.
know whether policies are properly
implemented or working. Responsive Subsector Outcome 2:
governance shall be promoted by Administrative governance
ensuring that the citizen’s feedbacks enhanced
are acted upon and the results are
reported back to the citizen. Existing  Strengthen public financial
mechanisms on soliciting feedback management (PFM) reforms. This
from the citizens, such as the Contact will ensure the integration of the
Center ng Bayan (1-6565) or the planning, budgeting, cash
President’s hotline 8888 shall be management, accounting and
strengthened. Compliance of auditing processes. Sound PFM is
agencies and LGUs with the critical to the achievement of
provisions of RA 9495 or the ARTA building public trust, in ensuring
shall be ensured. The CSC shall efficient and effective use of public

funds, and in operational decision-  Strengthen linkages between and

making. The following are the among agencies. The strategy
components of an effective PFM: (a) involves strengthening the horizontal
Aggregate Financial Management – and vertical linkages between and
pertains to financial sustainability, among agencies at the national and
resource mobilization and allocation; sub-national levels in all aspects of
(b) Operational Management – the development process from
pertains to performance, value for planning, investment programming,
money, strategic financial planning and monitoring and evaluation.
and management, governance,
transparency and accountability; and Subsector Outcome 3: Seamless
(c) Fiduciary Risk Management – service delivery achieved
pertains to controls, compliance and
oversight function. Tracking of the  Improve and simplify government
progress of implementation of the processes and transactions using
PFM improvement plans of the information technology. This
LGUs shall be continued. involves streamlining the business
process by establishing the BPLS in
 Strengthen results-based all city and municipal LGUs.
performance management. This will Through the BPLS, the processing
be undertaken by refining the time, steps, documentary
performance measurements and requirements and signatories in
strengthening the monitoring and applying for business permits shall be
evaluation systems of performance reduced, thus, it will make
targets to intensify the results-based transactions easier and less costly.
performance management. The Online reporting system for the
SPMS shall be continued to submission of agency budget
strengthen the culture of execution plans and targets shall also
performance and accountability be continued.
among civil servants and at the same
time achieve a high performing and  Improve productivity of the public
learning civil service organization. sector. The efficiency and
effectiveness in providing timely and
 Promote best practices on good responsive government services shall
governance. The LGUs shall be be enhanced to increase the citizen’s
encouraged to adopt, sustain, and trust in government. The strategy
promote best practices on good includes improving the capacities of
governance. The DILG criteria for government agencies and LGUs on
the SGLG will be used in measuring DRR-CCA to minimize disruption in
the performance of LGUs in all services when disasters occur. The
aspects of governance. government quality management

systems shall be upgraded to enhance at least eighteen government agencies

the delivery of services to make it that process OFs requirements.
more client and citizen-oriented.
Likewise, the implementation of  Strengthen coordination and
existing productivity improvement linkages of agencies. Some
systems shall be sustained, such as administrative arrangements in
the E-Budget System, Government government require horizontal and
Manpower Information System, and vertical linkages of different agencies
the Electronic New Government and offices. These linkages shall be
Accounting System. Office rationalized to improve decision-
automation for the public sector shall making, maximize complementation
be pursued. The LGUs shall be of resources, and avoid duplication of
capacitated to enhance revenue initiatives. The establishment of
collection to augment their funds for provincial offices of national
the salaries of job order and government agencies, such as DOT
contractual employees. To better and DBM warehouses will improve
maximize the utilization of resources, the provision and access of services
the following guidelines on the use of by its clients.
IRA shall be reviewed to include non-
infrastructure projects: (a) DILG-  Strengthen LGU capacities.
DBM Joint Memorandum Circular Capability of LGU personnel shall be
No. 1 dated September 20, 2005, strengthened particularly on the
entitled "Guidelines on the areas of integrated planning,
Appropriation and Utilization of the investment programming, budgeting,
20 Percent of the Annual Internal project development, implementation,
Revenues Allotment for and monitoring and evaluation.
Development Projects"; and (b)
DILG Memorandum Circular No. Subsector Outcome 4: Civil
2010-138 dated December 2, 2010, service strengthened
entitled "Use of the 20 Percent
 Improve the HRM systems and
Component of the Annual Internal
Revenue Allotment Shares." processes. The implementation of
the PRIME-HRM, a government-
wide initiative to improve HRM
 Be a “one connected government”.
systems and processes, shall be
This involves adoption of a public
continued. Through PRIME-HRM,
delivery model that will make easier
the HR practitioners will be
for the citizens to locate and access
capacitated on how to improve the
government services. One-stop
level of maturity of the agency’s HR
shops for OFs shall be established in
competencies, systems and practices
the cities of Naga and Legazpi for a
particularly in recruitment, selection
more accessible and relatively faster
and placement, performance
service in securing documents from
management, rewards and
recognition.

 Develop and invest in human Development Program to improve

resource. This involves the conduct public service competency.
of capability and capacity building
interventions for first and second  Promote shared public service
level civil servants to hone values. This means that all civil
competencies, to be able to innovate, servants shall adhere to the values of
and be flexible. Government civil professionalism, excellence, integrity,
servants shall be provided with and non-discrimination in public
continuous capability advancement service. Strict implementation of
and trainings, such as the learning anti-corruption laws provided under
and development programs, Career the ARTA, raising awareness on civil
Executive Service Development service values and norms among all
Program, and Public Management government employees shall be
pursued.


Chapter 6
Pursuing Swift and Fair

Administration of Justice
The Filipinos want a stable, secure and comfortable life as espoused in the
AmBisyon Natin 2040. For 2017-2022, the Bicol RDP focuses on the
provision of a swift and fair administration of justice to Bicolanos as a way of
achieving the vision. This chapter provides strategies and programs,
activities, and projects that will improve the implementation of the justice
system in the region. Justice must not only be swift and timely but also fair
and equal. It must not be discriminatory and must be accessible to everyone.

Backlogs in resolving cases and delays (PI) and resolved 14,340 cases,
in case development procedures. The accounting for an annual disposition rate
National Prosecution Service (NPS) of 95 percent in 2016, an improvement
Region 5 is mandated to assist the from 89 percent disposition rate in 2015.
Secretary of Justice in the performance of On the average, one prosecutor handled
powers and functions of the Department 88 and resolved 83 PI cases in 2016. This
relative to its role as the prosecution arm prosecutor caseload does not include
of the government, particularly the cases pending in court, such as criminal
investigation and prosecution of criminal cases, special proceeding cases,
offenses in the region. It has six ombudsman referred cases, and reopened
provincial prosecution offices, seven city and/or reinvestigated cases through
prosecution offices, and nine sub-offices. motions, petitions and court orders,
It is manned by 172 prosecution officers among others.
(prosecutors and prosecution attorneys)
and 143 administrative support staff. The NPS Region 5, however, continued
The NPS is currently undermanned to address its deficiency in manpower
particularly in the city prosecution offices since 2011 which resulted to a decline in
of Ligao, Masbate, Tabaco, and Sorsogon. backlogs on complaints pending beyond
The lack of manpower caused backlogs in 120 day–maximum reglementary period
resolving cases and delays in case as prescribed in the 2008 Revised
procedures. As of December 2016, the Prosecutor’s Manual. Prosecution success
vacancy rates for the prosecution officer rate progressively increased from 75
position and support staff were placed at percent in 2011 to 86 percent by the end
18 percent and three percent, of 2016. Prosecution success rate is the
respectively. It handled 15,174 proportion of the number of convictions
complaints for preliminary investigation to the total convictions and acquittals.

Dismissals and archival were not occupying such cell exceeds the standard
considered since their causes are beyond occupant capacity of 4.7 sq m per inmate.
the control of prosecutors (e.g., non-
appearance of complainants/witnesses/ Due to overcrowding in jails, detainees
accused, successful court mediation, take shifts in their sleeping routines not
desistance of complainants). only because of the lack of beddings but
also because of lack of space. They were
The performance of the NPS, particularly considered lucky enough if they could
on investigation and prosecution, was sleep on the floor even without a mat,
constrained by various organizational pillow or blanket. With the jammed jail
challenges, namely: (a) inadequate cells, diseases, particularly skin infections
support staff in many prosecution offices are widespread8.
in the region; (b) lack of funding for
infrastructure and office equipment and Independence of the five pillars of the
amenities resulting to continued justice system. These five pillars have
dependence on local government been working independently from each
provision; and (c) internal management other focusing on their respective roles
weaknesses (e.g., case load management, and mandate with less coordination and
resource management, and personnel complementation of activities. As such,
development). judicial remedies fail to provide
immediate and adequate redress. Even
Congestion of jail facilities. The Bureau with the improved manpower in the NPS,
of Jail Management and Penology there are still delays in court disposition,
(BJMP) Region 5 registered an average thus, worsening the jail situation in the
congestion rate of 396 percent in the region.
region. Tabaco City District Jail has the
highest rate with 800 percent followed by Limited resources of the justice
Sorsogon City with 764 percent, and Daet department. The inadequate
District Jail with 717 percent. Majority of infrastructure facilities such as buildings
the jails in the region have congestion and office spaces provided to key players
rates higher than 100 percent. As of in the justice system, especially those in
October 2016, only six jails (one in far flung areas, further delay the delivery
Sorsogon and five in Masbate) out of 35, of justice to the people. The Department
were not congested. Aroroy District Jail of Justice (DOJ), Philippine National
in Masbate is the only jail in the region Police (PNP) and BJMP are dependent
that has a jail congestion rate less than on the LGUs for the needed facilities and
100 percent. A jail cell can be considered equipment.
congested when the number of inmates
8
Catanduanes Tribune

Strategic Framework
Pursuing swift and fair administration of achieved: (a) access to civil and criminal
justice will contribute to enhancing the justice enhanced; (b) sector efficiency and
social fabric or “Malasakit” towards accountability improved; and (c)
laying down the foundation for inclusive implementation of government human
growth, a high-trust and resilient society, rights obligation enhanced. Figure 6.1
and a globally competitive knowledge presents the Strategic Framework to
economy. By 2022, the following Pursue Swift and Fair Administration of
subsector outcomes should have been Justice.
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to disposition; and (d) percentage of

increase the: (a) percentage of cases requests for free legal assistance acted
resolved over the total number of cases upon within three working days from
filed; (b) percentage of cases disposed date of request. During the plan period,
over the total inventory of cases/total the number of unsentenced detainees as a
cases received; (c) rate of reduction in the proportion of overall prison population is
aging of court cases from filing to targeted to be reduced.
Figure 6.1 Strategic Framework to Pursue Swift and Fair Administration of Justice,
2017-2022

Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve and acceptance of paperless motions,
the subsector outcomes to address the pleadings and other court processes
challenges presented above: shall be pursued. Parole and mediation
cases especially those involving senior
Subsector Outcome 1: Access to citizens shall be regularly monitored and
civil and criminal justice systems provided legal assistance. Non-
enhanced government organizations (NGOs) and
other legal private groups, including law
 Institutionalize a regional sector students undergoing internship
coordinating council (RSCC). The program, shall be tapped to provide
creation of RSCC will provide a venue assistance to inmates with no legal
for the coordination and cooperation counsels. This is to facilitate the
of the different agencies involved in resolution of their cases and help in the
the justice sector. This will ensure decongestion of jails. Court hearings
that issues and concerns faced by the and proceedings shall be brought to
judicial sector will be efficiently remote areas though the
addressed. The RSCC will be implementation of “justice on wheels”.
composed of the Judiciary, the DOJ, The filling up of vacant positions for
DILG and its attached agencies. judges and prosecutors shall also be
given priority to ease the workload and
 Deliver justice real time. This fast track resolution of cases.
involves the (a) strict observance of
rules of court for the speedy The implementation Alternative Dispute
disposition of cases; (b) filling of Resolution (ADR) shall be strengthened
positions for judges and prosecutors; and pursued to speed up the resolution
(c) creation of an arbitration unit in of cases. This includes ADR at the
the prosecutor’s level covering barangay level, law enforcers,
criminal cases involving reckless prosecutors, public attorneys, and
imprudence, Batas Pambansa 22 administrative and regulatory agencies.
(bouncing check), and other criminal Community-based dispute resolution
cases involving damages; (d) especially in indigenous communities
intensification of paralegal services; and remote areas shall also be further
(e) effective implementation of the studied.
Judicial Affidavit Rule; (f) expansion
of coverage of the Small Claims Subsector Outcome 2: Sector
Rules; and (g) expansion of the efficiency and accountability
coverage of the Katarungang improved
Pambarangay.
 Accountability through an engaged
In order to facilitate the filing and citizenry. This can be done through
litigation processes, the implementation the conduct of advocacy and

information campaign to the unified justice information system,
community (particularly at the and conduct of capability building
barangay level) on the mandates and program for all stakeholders.
policies relative to justice system and
inclusion of topics on the justice Subsector outcome 3:
system in school curricula, and Implementation of government
strengthen the crime prevention and on human rights obligations
intervention unit of the LGUs. enhanced
 Deliver fair and equal justice. This  Effectively advocate human rights
will entail the empowerment of concepts, policies and issues to the
women, IPs, differently-abled public and vulnerable sectors. The
persons, children, and other Commission on Human Rights
marginalized group through their (CHR) shall provide documentation
participation in community based and management of complaints of
program. Access to agency programs human rights violations, and
such as Children in Conflict with monitor human rights condition in
Law (CICL), Department of Justice detention facilities and penal
Action Center (DOJAC), Board of rehabilitation centers. It will also
Claims (BOC), Witness Protection assist victims of human rights
Program (WPP), Inter Agency violations in providing independent
Council Against Trafficking forensic services and medico legal
(IACAT) and other inter-agency services in aid of investigation.
committees shall be strengthened.
The participation of men in the  Advocate Human Rights Based
campaign for violence against Approach in Development
women and children shall be sought Planning. This approach shall be
through the organization of Men adopted in the national and local
Opposed to Violence Everywhere development planning and
(MOVE) in schools, barangays, and governance. It is encouraged that
offices. the preparation of development
policies, plans and programs as well
 Enhance sector efficiency. This as the monitoring and evaluation of
includes the institutionalization of the plans shall incorporate the
the PNP performance governance principles of the human rights based
system, full implementation of the approach in all levels.

Chapter 7
Promoting Philippine Culture

and Values

Culture characterizes a people’s way of life and includes the knowledge,
belief, art, law, morals, customs, values, ideas, sentiments, and other
capabilities acquired by a person as a member of society. It is the thread that
binds together the social fabric of our society and, if harnessed for the
common good, can be a crucial factor for rebuilding and transforming our
communities.
Enhancing the social fabric provides the foundation for a high trust society.
Building such foundation will encourage people to get involved and be more
willing to help one another to make the community a pleasant place to live in.
These conditions will build peoples’ trust in the leadership, governance, and
each other, thus paving the way to a more inclusive and people-centered
development.
For the period 2017-2022, the Bicol RDP will prioritize the following:
(a) safeguarding and enshrining our cultural heritage; (b) achieving equity
and inclusion in access to cultural resources and services; and (c) sustaining
and enhancing cultural assets to foster creativity and innovation for socio-
economic growth.

The Philippines is a nation of diverse not regularly gathered. Efforts to create a
cultures. This, however, is not adequately database are constrained by lack of
documented and existing documentation cultural experts to conduct research and
is not easily accessible. Across the gather data in a culture-sensitive and
country, there are 130 languages9 spoken ethical manner, and by lack of funding to
by 110 ethnolinguistic groups10. Culture sustain these activities.
also varies according to age group,
gender, spirituality, and socioeconomic Filipino identity has been undermined.
class – even differently-abled persons While this is so, there are inherent
have their own culture. However, a Filipino values that can be nurtured
complete assessment of the country’s towards promoting the common good.
diverse cultures, covering both tangible Our colonial experience gave rise to
and intangible, remains a challenge feelings of inferiority and undermined
because data are sparse, scattered, and what it means to be Filipino. This gave
9
Based on the 2013-2015 Linguistic Mapping conducted by the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
10
Based on data from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples.

way for regional identities (e.g., Bicolano, Climate change and natural hazards
Ilocano, Tagalog, Waray, Maranaw) to pose a threat to tangible heritage sites.
overshadow national pride. This led to a Cultural and historical structures built
society that has become disconnected centuries ago that continue to stand
from its core culture and is characterized today are tangible ties of the present
by fragmented identities. Values like generation to its past, giving life to
malasakit and bayanihan that manifest national history in a way that written text
pakikipagkapwa-tao, a way that Filipinos cannot provide. Structures, monuments,
recognize kinship among themselves, and sites that people can see, feel, taste,
need to be inculcated for national unity smell or hear promote better appreciation
and social cohesion. of culture and history. The conservation
and promotion of cultural and heritage
Channels of learning about our history, sites, whether natural or built, has not
culture, and values have not been been given serious attention.
effective. Formal education across all Development and modernity are often
levels emphasize developing literacy and the priority over the conservation of
skills in other fields over values education important cultural assets of the country.
or critical teaching of history. Thus,
learning is not rooted on positive local The current governance framework for
cultural values and practices, and devoid cultural development is inadequate.
of important historical processes or There is no government agency at the
information necessary for unity and regional level that has the mandate to
social cohesion. Mainstream media, undertake a complete assessment and
including popular shows or movies, failed inventory of the region’s tangible and
to promote positive values in its pursuit intangible cultural assets, promote
of profit for the market-driven cultural development, and address
entertainment industry. As a result, the concerns at the sub-national level. There
level of consciousness among Filipinos is no professional school for the arts in
about their own culture and values the region and only few tertiary
remains low. education courses focus on the
development of local arts and cultural
The concerns of culture extend beyond heritage.
the national borders. There is also a
need to consider the situation of OFs or Since cultures differ according to age
the diaspora of Filipinos, especially group, gender, spirituality, and
second and third generation Filipinos. socioeconomic class including
These migrants are likely to be less rooted differently-abled persons, there is an
in the Filipino culture and its history, increasing clamor for IPs, differently-
even as they need to learn about and abled persons, and other vulnerable
adapt to the culture of their destination groups to be represented in policy
countries. making bodies at all levels. At the
regional level, a member of the National
Anti-Poverty Commission Indigenous

Peoples Council has been a special non- for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), RA
voting member of the Bicol RDC since 10086 creating the National Historical
June 2014. A representative each from Commission of the Philippines (NHCP),
the differently-abled persons and the RA 8371 or the Indigenous Peoples’
women sectors are regular RDC members Rights Act, RA 8492 or the National
for the term 2016 to 2019. The LGUs, as Museum Act, and RA 10066 or the
frontliners in the development process, Cultural Heritage Law, among others.
need to take a more culture-sensitive However, the implementation of said
perspective in addressing development laws is weak and provisions to address
issues. violations are wanting.
Legislations related to culture include RA

7356 creating the National Commission
Strategic Framework

Promoting Philippine culture and values “pagkamalikhain” value of creative
will contribute to enhancing the social excellence advanced. The culture agenda
fabric or “Malasakit” towards laying shall be promoted in all levels of
down the foundation for inclusive government with increased engagement
growth, a high-trust and resilient society of various stakeholders from the
and a globally competitive knowledge academe, private and non-government
economy. By 2022, the following sector, and international volunteer
subsector outcomes should have been organizations by encouraging the culture
achieved: (a) values for the common of volunteerism. Figure 7.1 presents the
good inculcated; (b) our diverse cultures Strategic Framework to Promote the
valued; (c) culture-sensitive governance Philippine Culture and Values.
and development strengthened; and (d)
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to development plans that incorporate
increase the number of local and sectoral cultural components and initiatives.

Figure 7.1 Strategic Framework to Promote Philippine Culture and Values,

2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve  Use various channels of values
the subsector outcomes to address the inculcation to reach all community
challenges presented above: members. At the national level, a set
of core values that foster the common
Subsector Outcome 1: Values for good shall be determined. Among
the common good inculcated them are discipline, persistence, grit,
positive disposition, “pagkamalikhain”
Instilling values for the common good (creativity), “malasakit” (empathy),
into the consciousness of all citizens will “bayanihan” and volunteerism. Once
provide the needed positive and these values are determined, they shall
transformative change that will be promoted at the regional level so
eventually lead to a high trust society. To that institutions in both government
achieve this, the following strategies shall and private sectors, including the basic
be implemented: institution which is the family, are
able to incorporate them in their
operations and work ethics. Families,

local communities, CSOs, workplaces, Subsector Outcome 2: Our diverse

formal and informal educational cultures valued
systems, and media platforms shall be
tapped to collaborate in helping Valuing cultural diversity requires its
inculcate the values in the general recognition, protection, safeguarding,
population. and promotion, as well as mechanisms
for preservation. To achieve this, the
 Increase government efforts for following strategies shall be
promoting values that foster the implemented:
common good. The production of
information materials on the  Develop, produce, and disseminate
identified set of core values shall be information on Filipino culture. At
intensified. Programs, activities, and the national level, learning materials
projects that promote these Filipino shall be developed to raise awareness
values shall also be created, about the country’s cultural diversity.
implemented, integrated, and At the regional level, higher education
reviewed across all levels and sectors institutions (HEIs) shall be
of government. encouraged to undertake research on
culture by tapping research grants.
 Mainstream cultural and values Various agencies shall collaborate to
education in the basic, technical, disseminate these information
vocational, and higher education materials to their respective
systems. Promotion of these values stakeholders, including OFs who may
shall take advantage of the reform in be reached through the Philippine
the basic education curriculum, embassies abroad.
particularly with regard to the
development of 21st century skills  Institutionalize and intensify
(critical thinking, communication, heritage conservation plans and
collaboration, and creation or programs. The LGUs, in cooperation
innovation). The desired outcome of with national government agencies
the reform is to ensure that students, and private stakeholders, shall develop
as future leaders and workers, are and conserve tangible cultural and
equipped with not only functional heritage sites in their respective areas
literacy and skills, but also with the and make them disaster and climate
values necessary to become productive change resilient.
and ethical members of society. In
addition, other means and channels  Expand inclusive cultural structures
for values formation shall be utilized as civic spaces for dialogue and
through the collaboration of several cultural exchange. Cultural
agencies in order to cover all stages of infrastructure and facilities shall be
human development. used as venues for fostering social
cohesion and valuing cultural
diversity. These include museums,

cultural centers, archives, libraries, art and appreciation of diverse cultures,

galleries, and other cultural facilities. so that creativity is developed
The use of embassies for the regular together with core values.
engagement of Filipinos abroad in
cultural initiatives shall be  Build appreciation of Filipino
institutionalized. creativity. To harness the potentials
of creative excellence, agents of
Subsector Outcome 3: creativity shall be empowered and
“Pagkamalikhain” or creative supported by an institution that will
excellence advanced encourage the production of creative
works, invest in human capital
A culture of creative excellence needs to development of its stakeholders,
be instilled in the consciousness of the support their products, and develop
people as the foundation for a globally the industry. (Refer to Chapter 9)
competitive knowledge economy. To
achieve this, the following strategies shall Subsector Outcome 4: Culture-
be implemented: sensitive governance and
development strengthened
 Enhance the development of
Filipino creativity as a tool for  Pursue institutional reforms for
social cohesion and impetus for a cultural development. In the
culture-based industry and creative absence of regional offices of NCCA
economy. Learners in the academe and the NHCP, the creation of a
need to appreciate at a young age the coordinating body for culture and
importance of inventiveness and arts at the regional level shall be
creativity. Inter-disciplinary explored. The establishment of local
collaboration among public and culture and arts councils and
private sectors will boost innovation allocation of funds similar to the
in various areas. The country should gender and development fund shall
also nurture certain mindsets: an be supported. The LGUs shall be
entrepreneurial spirit that rewards encouraged to take the lead in
industry and smart work, giving developing and implementing
primacy to design in reinforcing cultural and heritage programs and
cultural and national identity, activities in their respective areas.
generating solutions through Related to this, a review of
innovation, and valuing intellectual government policies on the conduct
property. It is imperative to foster a of cultural activities is necessary to
culture that values arts, science, empower LGUs to initiate and
technology, and innovation as undertake cultural development and
discussed in Chapter 14. Advancing promotion activities.
the value of creative excellence will
be integrated with the inculcation of  Strengthen the protection of the
values that foster the common good rights of vulnerable sectors to access

cultural resources and live a life free  Develop cultural assets in the
from discrimination and fear. The region. This is necessary to broaden
membership of vulnerable sectors access to cultural resources and
(IPs, women, youth and children, activities in the region, considering
differently-abled persons) in local the geographic situation of the
governance shall be promoted and country. Assets include historic and
institutionalized. This will allow cultural complexes that can serve as
them to participate in the hubs for cultural education,
formulation of policies and measures entertainment, and tourism, which
that concern their sector. can contribute to economic growth.

Chapter 8
Expanding Economic
Opportunities in Agriculture
and Fisheries
The agriculture and fishery (AF) sector plays crucial roles in the economic
development of our country. The AF sector provides food for our daily
nutritional needs at the same time provides employment to about 40 percent
of the Bicolanos especially those in the rural areas who depend their
livelihood on farming, fishing, and livestock and poultry raising. The AF
sector is a major contributor to exports especially abaca, coconut, and
marine products. It provides the needed raw materials of the manufacturing
industry to create another product. In many developed countries, the
agriculture sector has been strengthened first because it supports the other
sectors of the economy by supplying the needed raw materials.
Under the pillar on “Pagbabago” or reducing inequality, economic

opportunities in agriculture and fisheries shall be expanded.

The agriculture, forestry and fishery 2015 due to the impact of calamities such
(AFF) sub-chapter of the Updated Bicol as tropical cyclones (TC) and El Niño.
RDP 2011-2016 aimed to provide Some crops, like coconut and abaca, have
adequate and quality technical assistance, not fully recovered when struck again by
extension services, agricultural inputs, another TC. There was also minimal
and infrastructure facilities to farmers increase in the production of rice, high
and fisherfolks. value crops (HVC), livestock, and
poultry. The AFF sector was further
The Plan targeted an increase in the AFF pulled down by the decline in the
gross value added (GVA) annual growth production of corn, coconut and
rate of 0.7 percent. From 2011 to 2015, it sugarcane, while fish production
recorded an average growth rate of 2.5 manifested a downward trend.
percent annually exceeding the annual
target. However, the sector was not able Palay production in 2012 showed a rapid
to sustain its growth because of its growth of ten percent from negative 0.9
vulnerability to climate related events. percent in 2011. The production in the
succeeding years had been sluggish but
The AFF sector only performed well in managed to stay afloat with an increase of
2012. It continued to slow down until 0.5 percent by the end of 2015. Despite
Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and Fisheries 99

the slow growth of palay production, the production output of 70,356 metric tons
Bicol region, with its 892,000 hectares of (MT) followed by Eastern Visayas region
agricultural area, remained one of the top at 18 percent. The province of
rice producing regions and has Catanduanes remained as the major
maintained its status as the sixth largest abaca producer registering 82 percent of
producer of palay in the country. The the total production in the region. In
slow growth of palay production in 2011 2012, the abaca industry deflated as world
was attributed to TC Bebeng and the market experienced a slowdown. Growth
eruption of Mt. Bulusan, while in 2014, also slowed down in 2014 after TCs
production was affected by TC Amang, Amang, Glenda and Ruby hit the region
Glenda and Ruby. The rainfed farms and later affected by El Niňo. The
were the most affected areas by the El Philippine Fiber Development Authority
Niňo. (PhilFIDA) continued to enhance and
improve the abaca farms by providing the
On corn production, the region farmers with varieties that are resistant to
maintained its three percent share of the pests and diseases, and taught farmers the
national production despite the drop in proper grading of fibers to command
production in 2015 due to the intense higher price. The farm gate price of
heat and prolonged dry spell that abaca went up from PhP42.43 per
prevailed in the region during the period. kilogram in 2014 to PhP47.48 per
kilogram in 2015.
The negative impacts of calamities on rice
and corn that affected the region were Coconut production continued to
cushioned by government interventions, decelerate because of the frequent TCs
such as (a) providing submergence, and other calamities. The total coconut
drought tolerant, early maturing, and production in the region was registered at
saline tolerant rice varieties; (b) 1.10 million MT in 2015 from the 1.12
distribution of open pollinated corn million MT in 2014 or a decline of 1.7
varieties; (c) soil fertility mapping; (d) percent which is equivalent to 18,668
balance fertilization and soil amelioration MT. The decline was caused by TCs
through lime application and biological Nona and Amang. The provinces of
control; and (e) market matching. Camarines Norte, Catanduanes, and
Sorsogon registered a small increase in
Abaca production managed to grow at an production. The combined production
average growth rate of nine percent of Camarines Sur, Masbate and
despite the occurrence of TC and Camarines Norte was 77 percent of the
prolonged dry spell. The Bicol region total production in the region.
contributed 42 percent of the country’s
Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

100
Figure 8.1 Abaca and Coconut Growth Rates, Bicol Region: 2011-2015
25.000
20.000
15.000
Growth Rate
10.000
5.000
0.000
-5.000
-10.000
-15.000
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Abaca 11.752 1.946 4.296 20.237 2.109
Coconut -5.343 3.225 1.213 -10.442 -1.660
Source: PSA
The Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) On livestock, production from 2011 to

was able to prevent the entry of the 2015 showed an annual average growth
destructive cocolisap infestation in the rate of one percent with goat production
region. The PhP12 million request of the recording a steady increase while carabao
Regional Development Council (RDC) 5, production posted a minimal increase.
approved by then Secretary Pangilinan of Intensified artificial insemination (AI)
the Presidential Assistant for Food program of the Department of
Security and Agricultural Modernization, Agriculture (DA), in collaboration with
was used to mitigate cocolisap infestation the different LGUs, and the stock
in the region. infusion and breeder base expansion
program, provision of drugs and
Coconut planting was sustained through biologics (antibiotics, dewormer and
the participatory incentives-based vitamins) contributed to the increase in
approach, a program of PCA where livestock production. The
farmers were given monetary reward for implementation of regulatory quarantine
every live coconut plant. Coconut advisories and policies at the designated
farmers were encouraged to inter-crop points of entry of animals, close
cacao and grow livestock in their coconut monitoring and surveillance avoided the
farms. New markets for coconut harmful effects of foot and mouth disease
emerged with the establishment of Peter in the livestock industry in the region.
Paul Coconut Water Corporation in
Sorsogon, Dignity Coconuts, and Primex On poultry, production grew by six
in Albay. These companies buy whole percent largely from chicken production
nuts which are processed to coconut- with an annual growth rate of four
based products such as virgin oil, flour, percent. Poultry production remains to
milk, cream, coco water concentrate, be dominated by Camarines Sur having a
creamed coconut, coco chips and other share of more than half of the total
desiccated coconut products. poultry inventory. The poultry
production managed to recover from the
drop in production in 2012. Duck

production only recovered in 2014. In 2012 and 2013 when positive growth
2015, the total poultry inventory was rates were recorded. Fish production was
registered at 10.4 million animals, an predominantly coming from municipal
increase by 20 percent in 2014. Of these, fishing which accounted for 50 percent of
46 percent were native chicken and 44 the total production. Among the six
percent were broiler chicken while the provinces, Camarines Sur shared the
rest were layers and ducks. The highest fish production followed by
production of eggs was significantly Camarines Norte and Masbate. The
affected by the changing climatic adverse weather conditions significantly
conditions which caused a slump of 16 affected the fishery sector. The El Niño
percent in production or from 18,066 MT negatively affected aquaculture due to the
in 2014 to 15,083 MT in 2015. The drop in water level in fish ponds and the
implementation of regulatory quarantine increase in water temperature, while TCs
advisories and policies at the designated destroyed fish cages and pens, fishing
points of entry of animals, close boats and gears, and port infrastructure.
monitoring and surveillance avoided the The several gale warnings issued by
harmful effects of avian influenza in the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
poultry industry in the region. Astronomical Services Administration
(PAGASA) also prevented commercial
The production of fish and other marine and municipal fishing operations.
products continued to decline, except in
Figure 8.2 Fishery Production, Bicol Region: 2010-2015
350,000
300,000
Volume (MT)
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
MUNICIPAL 147,486 143,712 145,111 149,695 145,623 131,821
COMMERCIAL 68,789 68,973 70,166 70,566 70,093 63,430
AQUACULTURE 74,110 76,323 80,033 80,057 79,238 72,937
Total 290,385 289,007 295,310 300,317 294,954 268,188
Ave.Gr (0.47) 2.18 1.70 (1.79) (9.07)
Source: PSA

102
The agriculture and fishery sector of the commercial and industrial parks or
region is faced with the following resorts.
challenges:
 Poor farm management practices.
Low Farm Productivity. The These resulted to the degradation of
contributing factors to the low farm soil nutrients resulting to low fertility
productivity are: because of small farmers’ reliance on
chemical-based fertilizers or pesticides
 Low farm mechanization. Small that destroy soil productivity over
farmers still use the traditional time. Only a few practice organic
methods using manual tools, and farming. Regionwide, there are 49
other traditional farming techniques. techno demo and training farms that
The farmers rely heavily on manual are in full operation equivalent to 25
labor for land preparation, planting percent of the targeted 44,600 hectares
and harvesting. The small farm size or five percent of the total agricultural
may also be a factor since farm area of 892,000 hectares.
mechanization is expensive and the
farmers have limited access to  Limited access to credit and
financing. insurance. Small farmers and
fisherfolks cannot utilize the
 Inadequate post-harvest and appropriate type of technology due to
processing facilities. These facilities financial constraints. They are
are important in reducing production considered as risky borrowers who
losses, reducing labor costs and often rely on loans. They usually find
ensuring the right quality of produce. it difficult to comply with the bank’s
The lack of storage facilities hampered stringent process and requirements
the farmers and fisherfolks to store and complain with the high interest
their produce when prices are low or rates. In addition, most of these
forced to sell them to traders at a financial institutions are located in
much lower price. urban area which are inaccessible to
farmers and fisherfolks who reside in
 Lack of irrigation facilities. The the rural areas. Because of these, small
irrigation system in the region is not farmers and fisherfolks depend on
sufficient to cover the needs of the unregulated informal sources which
farmers. Irrigation development in have no provisions for insurance and
the region is low at 58 percent of the impose exorbitant interest rates.
potentially irrigable. The construction Many small farmers and fisherfolks
of new irrigation system is overtaken are also unprotected from extreme
by repair and rehabilitation works. weather shocks due to limited access
to credit and insurance. As a result,
 Competing land use. There is the situation of these small farmers
rampant conversion of agricultural and fisherfolks is aggravated when
land into residential subdivisions, calamities strike.

 Mono-culture practices. Most farm between 43 to 65 years old. The role
lands are planted to one kind of crop of extension services is invaluable in
during the year. This limits the educating the farmers on modern
productivity of the land. agricultural technologies, thus
improve productivity. It is also critical
 Coral-reef destruction, pollution of to move research from the laboratory
coastal and marine resources, or field into innovative practices and
mangrove forest destruction, and matured technology which is done by
siltation. Although the region has vast the agricultural extension workers.
fishing grounds, there are illegal, They also provide market information
unreported, and unregulated fishing and access to markets beyond their
activities. localities that will give them better and
fairer income.
 Inadequate support for research and
development. The research activities  Ageing farmers and fisherfolks. The
on production and postharvest sector’s workforce is getting older with
technology that will equip the farmers an average age of 57 years old. This is
to produce globally competitive alarming because of the future gap
products is insufficient. The R&D which may pose threat to food
needs to focus on increasing security and sustainability. Farmers
productivity and improving quality would not encourage their children to
that meet the demand and standard of pursue an agricultural career thinking
the local and international market. that it is not promising, thus, their
children pursue other career and work
 Poor fish trading facilities. Most of in urban centers. Education must play
the fish trading facilities, including a critical role in changing the mindset
some of the regional fish ports, of these farmers.
municipal fish ports, and wet markets,
need improvement including facilities  Security threat. Some land owners
for proper handling and storage. chose not to cultivate their
agricultural lands for fear of being
 Inefficient agricultural extension harassed by insurgents.
service. There is inefficient
agricultural extension services due to  Low competitiveness of AFF
lack of technical personnel from the products
LGUs and the ageing extension
workers. The deficiency will be  High cost of production. The cost of
aggravated if vacancies are not filled farm inputs such as fertilizers and
resulting from the retirement of many pesticides, livestock and poultry feeds,
agriculture extension workers. Based accounts to 20 to 30 percent of total
on a survey conducted by the production cost. Prices of these farm
Agricultural Training Institute, almost inputs are dependent on the world
half of the extension workers are aged market. Any increase in price of these

104
commodities reduces the income of and fishers' income. The FMRs
the farmers. Farm labor is also however are of low quality and quickly
difficult to find because of the deteriorate over time when used by
preference to employment overloaded trucks, while some FMRs
opportunities in the urban centers and are not connected to major roads.
abroad. In rice production for
example, labor cost already represents Threats brought about by climate
about 60 percent of the total cost of change – tropical cyclone, heavy
inputs. rainfall, drought, and increase in
temperature. The region’s geographical
 Inadequate access that connects location makes it susceptible to various
production areas to markets. Farm- hazards such as TCs, floods, landslides,
to-market roads (FMRs) and droughts, volcanic eruption, and
secondary roads that will facilitate the earthquakes. The region’s vulnerability
transport of agricultural products to these hazards has serious and long
within and outside the production lasting impact on crop yield and on the
areas are inadequate. An efficient livelihoods of vulnerable farmers and
road transport will reduce post- fisherfolks. It also has an impact on the
harvest losses due to reduced travel attitude of farmers in improving their
time, improved quality, reduce productivity because of fear that their
transport and handling cost, and investments will just be lost from these
promote other socioeconomic calamities.
activities that will improve the farmers
Strategic Framework
Expanding economic opportunities in agriculture and fishery-based enterprises
agriculture and fishery coupled with increased; (c) resilience to disasters and
increasing access to economic climate change increased; (d) access to
opportunities of farmers and fisherfolks value chain increased; (e) access to
will contribute to reducing inequality or financing increased; (f) access to
“Pagbabago” towards laying down the technology increased; and (g) access of
foundation for inclusive growth, a high- farmers and fisherfolks to land and water
trust and resilient society, and a globally resources increased. Figure 8.3 presents
competitive knowledge economy. By the Strategic Framework to Expand
2022, the following subsector outcomes Opportunities in Agriculture and
should have been achieved: (a) Fisheries.
agriculture and fishery improved; (b)

Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to 2015. The number of agri-fishery based
increase the gross value added (GVA) in MSMEs shall be increased from 525 in
AFF from PhP33 billion (at constant 2015 and the cost of damage to
2000 prices) in 2015 and the agri-fishery agriculture and fishery sector shall be
labor productivity from PhP37,900 in reduced from PhP760 million in 2015.
Figure 8.3 Strategic Framework to Expand Opportunities in Agriculture and

Fisheries, 2017-2022

106
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve and local roads shall be connected to
these subsector outcomes to address the major road arteries from the
challenges presented above: agricultural production areas, coastal
landing points and areas wherein
Outcome 1: Economic postharvest facilities are located. The
Opportunities in Agriculture and FMRs shall also adopt the standard for
Fisheries Expanded national highways in order to have
bigger carriageway and can handle
Subsector Outcome 1: Agriculture and heavier loads such as the local roads
fishery productivity improved constructed by the DPWH under the
DOT-DPWH Convergence program.
The necessary support services shall be The FMRs program under the DA and
provided to improve productivity and World Bank PRDP and Irrigation
sustainably boost local production. The Development Program of NIA shall be
following strategies shall be undertaken: pursued. (Refer to Chapter 19)
 Provide infrastructure facilities.  Promote utilization of farm

Irrigation facilities and FMRs shall be machineries and equipment, and
provided. New irrigation systems fishing technologies and gears. The
shall be constructed in potentially utilization of safe, quality, efficient
viable areas. Irrigation shall focus on and climate-resilient production and
the construction, installation, and postharvest-related machineries and
rehabilitation of small scale irrigation equipment (tractors, threshers,
project/systems (SSIPs); maintenance combined harvesters, planters and
of the national and communal others) shall be promoted in order to
irrigation systems; and adoption of an minimize production losses and labor
integrated water resource costs. Farmers and fisherfolks shall be
management practices, and watershed encouraged to adopt locally
management approach. Supplemental manufactured and tested machinery
irrigation for rice, corn and other and equipment to boost the local
HVCs to boost productivity shall be manufacturing industry. Processing
provided by the DA in areas not facilities shall be established such as
served by the National Irrigation milling centers, rice processing
Administration (NIA). The FMRs centers, grain centers, dairy processing
shall be provided to facilitate the centers, and cold chain technology
transport of agricultural products and facilities. The machinery,
within and outside the production equipment and facility support
areas, reduce postharvest losses during programs for agriculture, fishery and
transport, and promote economic MSMEs shall be provided by DA,
activities that will increase farmers Department of Trade and Industry
and fisherfolks' income. The FMRs (DTI) and Department of Science and

Technology (DOST). Republic Act scientific knowledge base (applied
10601 or the Agriculture and Fisheries research) shall be generated. The
Mechanization (AfMech) Law shall be technology commercialization and
implemented. However, there shall be adoption of basic and applied research
a social policy for farm laborers that shall be done by research institutions,
may be displaced due to farm state universities and colleges (SUCs)
mechanization. The Bureau of and the private sector through the
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources intensified conduct of midstream and
(BFAR) shall establish and downstream R&D projects to include
operationalize the community fish localizing or adopting technologies up
landing centers and fish processing to the farm level. Extension support
plants to improve fisheries post- shall be strengthened by LGUs for
harvest and cold chain technology and greater adoption of technologies.
facilities. Personnel of the research institutions,
SUCs and the private sector shall be
 Promote quality of inputs. The capacitated. The R&D programs of
quality of seeds and broodstock agencies and SUCs and the extension
supplied to the farmers shall be support, education and training
ensured. A modern, high yielding and programs shall be undertaken. The
climate resilient seeds and planting Bicol Research and Development
materials, broodstock and other Committee (BRDC) of the RDC shall
similar interventions shall be provided be institutionalized. The BRDC shall
to farmers and other beneficiaries provide the direction of the R&D
engaged in agricultural activities. agenda in the region. (Refer to Chapter
Animal health and breed shall be 14)
improved, and disease free and high
yielding varieties of planting materials  Pursue effective fishery resource
shall be made available to the farmers. management in the context of “Blue
These will be done through the Economy”. The “Blue Economy” will
production support programs of the focus on food security, promoting
DA, PhilFIDA, PCA and BFAR. sustainable marine development and
management, and creating wealth-
 Strengthen capacities on research generating opportunities based on
and development. Investments in inclusive, oceans-based economic
R&D especially those that generate growth. The region is rich in coastal
appropriate technologies and good and marine resources, when harnessed
farm management practices shall be sustainably, can provide viable
augmented. The R&D shall focus on solutions toward achieving food
generating new knowledge, security and inclusive growth. The
information and innovation. The following actions shall be undertaken:
existing scientific knowledge base (a) fully implement fishery regulations
(basic research) shall be enhanced and including the strengthening of
practical applications of the existing measures against illegal, unreported

108
and unregulated fishing, encouraging the production of
implementation of boat/vessel and commodities with high value-adding
gear licensing, and monitoring of and export potential such as HVCs,
compliance with catch livestock, and marine and aquatic
documentation; (b) intensify IEC products. Training on farm
campaign on resource conservation management and advisory services
and compliance to fishery laws; (c) shall be provided. Farmers and
establish fishery reservation and fisherfolks shall be encouraged to
conservation areas; (d) implement adopt good agricultural practices
close season for selected species in (GAP), institutionalize good
some fishing areas; and (e) provide aquaculture practices (GAqP), and
livelihood to affected fisherfolks. good handling practices (GHP)
through the provision of extension
 Develop the environment for the support, education and training
practice of agri-fishery professionals. services to fisherfolks.
Positions for municipal agriculture
development officer shall be created to  Support the priority provincial
integrate DA services at the LGU level. commodities. Priority provincial
The DA shall have an agriculture commodities shall be supported such
development officer in every as abaca, pili, sweet potato, livestock
municipality to integrate all their (goats and dairy cattle), cassava,
services. There is also a need to review pineapple, mud crabs, seaweeds,
the decentralization of agriculture native chicken, taro, organic rice, and
extension services from DA to LGUs. mango under the PRDP.
 Enforce and maintain a uniform and  Strengthen linkage with agro-

standard classification of processing industry. Linkage with
agricultural products. This aims to agro-processing industry shall be
increase the quality and value of strengthened through greater
agricultural commodities pursuant to participation in effective value chain
the Philippine National Standards of to eliminate unnecessary
the DA-Bureau of Agriculture and intermediaries and make marketing
Fisheries Standards. The DTI shall channels more efficient. Participation
provide consumer awareness and in local and international agri-
understanding not only on the business enterprise-related activities
standards, but also on prices, product shall be encouraged to establish local
quality and safety. and global network. Market
facilitation events shall be conducted
Subsector Outcome 2: Agriculture and such as trade fairs and market
fishery based enterprises increased matching activities. The Gayon Asin
Orgullo Kan Bikol (G&OKB) trade fair
 Promote diversification. is successfully being undertaken
Diversification shall be promoted by annually. The DA shall also

implement marketing development practices shall also be encouraged to
programs while BFAR shall provide maximize agricultural production.
market development services to
expand market opportunities for fish  Identify households and
and fishery products and promote communities at risk. The conduct of
competitiveness of fishery products. hazard and vulnerability assessment
particularly at the local level shall be
 Capacitate agri-fishery based given priority to identify the degree of
MSMEs. Agrarian reform beneficiary risks to which the communities are
organizations shall be trained to exposed to. Communities located in
manage agri-fishery enterprises. The hazard prone areas shall be supported
Cooperative Development Authority with appropriate DRR-CCA
(CDA) shall continuously provide interventions to reduce disaster risks.
assistance to cooperatives. An updated 1:10,000 scale flood and
landslide susceptibility maps shall be
 Ensure compliance to regulations provided to LGUs as reference for
and standard. Compliance to development planning. (Refer to
regulations and standard shall be Chapter 20)
ensured so that the quality of the
region's agricultural and fishery  Provide mitigating measures from
establishments, vessels, machineries, hazards. This shall be done through
facilities and products are compliant engineering and non-structural
to national and international measures. Adoption of disaster
regulations and standards relative to resilient infrastructure facilities shall
client and consumer acceptability, also be promoted. (Refer to Chapter 19
health and safety. and 20).
Subsector Outcome 3: Resilience to  Strengthen the agricultural

disasters and climate change increased knowledge management system.
Strengthening the agricultural
 Enhance production opportunities knowledge management system shall
in less vulnerable areas. Integrated be adopted as key strategy to achieve
production and farm diversification agricultural resilience. Trainings and
shall be promoted in the region to other capacity building activities
build agricultural resilience of local aiming to increase the knowledge,
communities. The development, skills and awareness of farmers,
updating and familiarization of fisherfolks, LGUs and other
cropping calendar model shall be stakeholders on disasters and climate
enhanced to adapt on the changing change shall be given priority. The
climate. Adoption of climate and IEC campaigns shall also be enhanced,
disaster resilient crop varieties, and and information sharing among
simultaneous cropping and harvesting stakeholders on climate and disaster

110
resilient farming practices shall be Subsector Outcome 2: Access to
promoted. (Refer to Chapter 20) technology increased
Outcome 2: Access to economic  Promote technologies. Technologies

opportunities of small farmers shall be promoted to reduce post-
and fisherfolks increased harvest losses, maintain the quality
and increase the value of agricultural
Subsector Outcome 1: Access to value and fishery products.
chains increased
 Intensify IEC and capacity building
 Link remote production areas to activities. Aggressive IEC and
markets. This will be done through intensive capacity building activities
the construction of roads, ports and shall be intensified to encourage
logistic support facilities such as food small farmers and fisherfolks to
terminals or “bagsakan” areas by the adopt better and new technology.
LGUs. (Refer to Chapter 19) Demo farms, farmers’ field school
and technology fora or clinics
 Capacitate small farmers and program shall provide the venue to
fisherfolks on value adding. Value educate the farmers and fisherfolks.
adding activities shall include Agricultural extension support
processing, packaging and marketing, services shall be strengthened for
and compliance to product standards greater adoption of technologies.
and certification that meet the (Refer to Chapter 14)
demand of local and international
market. Support shall be provided to Subsector Outcome 3: Access to
farmers who will be affected by the financing increased
Quantitative Restriction on rice on
June 30, 2017 and those affected by  Provide risk insurance. Risk
mechanization. These shall be insurance shall be provided to small
provided by DA, PHILFIDA, PCA, farmers and fisherfolk by
and BFAR. implementing an innovative crop
insurance system such as a weather
 Organize small farmers and index based insurance scheme.
fisherfolks. With the assistance from
DA, BFAR and CDA, small farmers  Provide credit financing. The small
and fisherfolks shall be organized into farmers and fisherfolks shall be
formal groups and shall be linked to provided with an affordable and easily
processors, enterprises, and agro- accessible formal financing by
enterprises. implementing an innovative loan
financing window with responsive
credit delivery mechanism. A law on
affordable and accessible credit for
small farmers and/or fisherfolks

should be enacted and a credit free implemented as provided under the
irrigation, seeds, and inputs should be CARPER and Agriculture and Fishery
provided. (Refer to Chapter 15) Modernization Act (AFMA), and
revitalize the implementation of the
 Provide subsidy to farmers and SAFDZ. A five-year moratorium on
fisherfolks. Subsidy to farmers and land conversion of prime agricultural
fisherfolks shall be provided to be land and a higher tax rate on land
competitive in lieu of the impact of the conversion to non-agricultural uses
trade liberalization, ASEAN shall be implemented.
integration and the lifting of
quantitative restrictions on rice  Complete the delineation and
importation. delimiting of municipal waters. The
delineation and delimiting of
Subsector Outcome 4: Access by municipal waters shall be completed
farmers and fisherfolk to land and by the National Mapping and
water resources increased Resource Information Agency
(NAMRIA) including the issuance of
 Protect the land tenure security. local ordinance by the concerned
Land tenure security of agrarian municipal local government unit as
reform beneficiaries (ARBs) shall be provided under the Department of
protected by completing the land Environment and Natural Resources
acquisition and distribution and (DENR) Department Administrative
installing the ARBs upon issuance of Order No. 2001-17 (June 13, 2001).
Emancipation Patent/Certificate of
Land Ownership Award and fast-track  Provide fisherfolks with settlement
the resolution of agrarian related areas. Disaster-resilient settlement
cases. areas shall be provided to fisherfolks
by the National Housing Authority
 Implement the no conversion policy (NHA) pursuant to the Fisheries
of irrigated lands. No conversion Code. (Refer to Chapter 12)
policy of irrigated lands shall be


112

Chapter 9
Expanding Economic
Opportunities in Industry and
Services through Trabaho at
Negosyo
In 2015, the growth of the region’s economy was driven by the industry
sector which grew by 5.3 percent in 2014 to 23.7 percent in 2015. The
expansion of the industry sector in the region is vital in laying down the
foundation for inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient society, and a
globally competitive knowledge economy. The increased access to economic
opportunities for MSMEs, cooperatives, and OFs is also vital so that more
business activities that provide employment to reduce inequality and poverty
are created. Considered as the region’s economic drivers are tourism and
services, in particular, construction and transportation.

The Bicol RDP 2011-2016 aimed to 3.7 percent in 2015. The deceleration
provide adequate and quality technical was due to the impact of disasters
assistance, promotion services, and resulting from natural hazards and El
infrastructure support facilities to Niño that also caused the slowdown in
MSMEs and exporters; and adequate and the AF sector. Since the major products
quality tourism promotion services, and manufactured in the region are
tourism infrastructure facilities. The Plan agriculture-based, these disasters
targeted an increase in the gross value inhibited the growth of domestic
added (GVA) in manufacturing and production. The region’s 2015 GVA was
trade, and an increase in foreign and among the lowest in the country
domestic tourist arrival. representing only 0.3 percent.
The GVA at constant 2000 prices in The major agriculture-based products

manufacturing increased from PhP3.8 manufactured include copra milling for
billion in 2011 to PhP5.4 billion in 2015. crude and edible cooking oil and copra
The growth was attributed to the higher cake, milling of cane to produce sugar
production of processed food and and molasses, manufacturing of abaca
beverages. Though GVA grew on the fibers into handicrafts and cordage, and
average from 2011 to 2015, it actually marine products. The Goodfound
decelerated from 19 percent in 2014 to Cement Corporation in Albay is the only

large manufacturing industry producing driven by the industry and services

cement using local non-metallic sectors, which grew by 5.3 percent in
minerals. In 2014, 16 million bags of 2014 to 23.7 percent in 2015, and from
cement were produced generating total 5.4 in 2014 to 7.5 percent in 2015,
sales of PhP3.2 billion. It supplied the respectively. The growth in services
cement requirements in Eastern Visayas sector was led by the expansion in the
for the Typhoon Yolanda rehabilitation. Transportation, Storage and
In 2015, production declined to 5.5 Communication, and Other Services.
million bags due to the lack of shale clay, The expansion in these subsectors was
a raw material for cement production. fuelled by the increase in tourist arrival
by 21.5 percent from 3.7 million in 2014
Most of the region’s small scale to 4.5 million in 2015.
manufacturing industries are engaged in
food preservation, woodcraft and For the last six years, convergence
furniture making, loom weaving, programs were implemented in the
fibercraft, shellcraft, pottery, rattan craft region with special funding from the
and pili confectionery. However, national government to provide access to
productivity remained low. To improve tourism destinations and sites. From
productivity and competitiveness, the 2011 to 2016, the DOT-DPWH Tourism
MSMEs and cooperatives were assisted in Road Infrastructure Priority Project
developing technological innovations and (TRIPP) implemented 104 road projects
provided with shared service facilities in the region with a total cost of
(SSFs) such as equipment or machinery, PhP7.1billion. It has provided links from
technology, systems, skills and the gateways (air, land and sea) to the
knowledge. major service centers and tourism sites.
However, more infrastructure support
To increase investments, trade fairs, facilities are needed in order to provide
productivity seminars, product safe, comfortable and seamless travel
development clinics, and marketing around the region. The ALMASOR and
assistance were extended to upgrade the TRIPLE C Area Development Plans
knowledge and skills of existing and new (ADPs) have identified priority
entrepreneurs. programs, activities, and projects in the
tourism development areas. These are
From 2011 to 2015, the tourism industry road and railroad improvement projects,
played a vital role in the growth of the road safety facilities and signages,
region’s economy. The industry has seaports and airports development
contributed to the attainment of sector projects, water and sanitation projects,
outcomes of the Bicol RDP 2011-2016. and efficient telecommunication
In 2015, Bicol’s economy was the fastest facilities, which will support the delivery
growing among all 17 regions in the of quality tourism services. National
country as its GRDP grew by 8.4 percent, government support in terms of funding
exceeding RDP target of 6.7 percent. The is crucial for the implementation of these
growth of the region’s economy was programs, activities, and projects.

Figure 9.1 shows that tourism arrival has performance with an average growth rate
been increasing except in 2013 which of 38 percent. The strong leadership of
declined by 12 percent due to the slowing the provincial and municipal government
down of operations of the Camarines Sur units in developing and promoting its
Water Sports Complex. When it resumed destinations contributed to the sustained
full operation in 2014, the province of growth in tourist arrival (Figure 9.2).
Camarines Sur regained its rank as Overall, the total tourist arrival in the
number one among the provinces with region registered an average growth rate
highest growth rate in tourist arrival. of nine percent from 2010 to 2015.
Albay also showed a remarkable
Figure 9.1 Tourist Arrival, Domestic and Foreign, Bicol Region: 2010-2015,
In Thousands
4500.0
3500.0
2500.0
1500.0
500.0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Foreign 681.1 742.0 772.9 693.5 753.3 867.9
Domestic 2441.0 2671.6 2911.9 2558.2 2970.7 3658.1
Source: DOT Region 5
Figure 9.2 Tourist Arrival, By Province, Bicol Region: 2011-2015,

In Thousand
3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: DOT Region 5

Tourist receipts increased from The industry and services sectors are
approximately PhP2 billion in 2013 to faced with the following challenges:
PhP2.2 billion in 2014. Average daily
expenditure of foreign tourists during the Reducing high cost of doing business.
year was estimated at US $90 per day and The high cost of doing business is
PhP1,200 per day for domestic tourists. attributed to several factors, among
The contribution of tourism to the which are (a) the high cost of power and
economy was estimated at 7.8 percent in water; (b) the slow and expensive internet
2014, as measured by the share of connection; and (c) the high transport
tourism direct gross value added cost (production and service delivery).
(TDGVA) to total GDP. Tourism cuts Ease of doing business is also a challenge
across different sectors of the economy because business registration and
and the TDGVA serves as the indicator licensing in some LGUs still needs to be
to measure the value added of different streamlined.
industries in relation to tourism activities
of both inbound and domestic visitors in Enhancing access and connectivity.
the country. The TDGVA amounted to Improving market access and
about PhP982 billion in 2014, higher by connectivity is a major challenge in terms
14 percent compared to previous year’s of (a) opening new roads and improving
PhP862 billion. existing roads; (b) improving the
airports; (c) building and improving
The tourism governing structure at the ports; (d) improving telecommunication
regional level has been institutionalized facilities; (e) opening of financial
through the reorganization of the Bicol institutions and installing additional
Regional Tourism Committee (BRTC) automated teller machines (ATMs) in the
per RDC Resolution No. 12-A, s. 2014 primary and secondary service centers;
from an ad hoc Technical Committee on and (f) improving access to potable water
Promoting Tourism. The BRTC is a supply.
special committee under the RDC that
provides the critical institutional Providing adequate disaster-resilient
structure and facilitates the coordination and reliable infrastructure. These
and the management of promoting include support infrastructure such as
tourism in the region. The RDC, through roads, bridges, railways, airports,
the BRTC, has coordinated the seaports, clean power supply, and
implementation of priority programs, internet connectivity. Agricultural
activities, and projects in the ALMASOR production areas are not adequately
and TRIPLE C tourism ADPs. The connected to processing and marketing
formulation of the two ADPs including centers due to the lack of FMRs and
the investment programs was the major secondary roads that will facilitate the
accomplishment of the BRTC since its transport of products. The PNR Mainline
organization. South is not operational while the

airports have no night landing facilities, of recognition. These are essential to the
except in Legazpi City, where night industry because tourists coming from
landing operations started in October affluent countries are mindful of the
2016. The unreliable power supply due to quality of services that business
frequent brownouts has to be addressed establishments provide for their comfort
despite the region’s hosting of power and safety. With the ASEAN economic
generating plants. Some sections of integration, the region should upgrade its
Maharlika Highway (AH26) are not products and services to conform to the
passable due to flooding in the Bicol river ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
basin and some FMRs are not passable standards.
during monsoon rains.
Developing highly competent human
Developing and marketing competitive resource for good governance. More
products and services. These should be skills training and capacity building
given priority attention by both the activities are needed to equip the LGUs
public and private sectors. There were and industry workers. There is also skills
government programs infused in the mismatch between the technical and
region to develop more products practical skills required by the industry
especially on tourism through the BuB aggravated by the outmigration of the
Project and the Local Governance educated and technically skilled human
Support Program for Local Economic resources to Metro Manila and other
Development (LGSP-LED). These urban centers or abroad.
interventions of the government have
opened great opportunities for the low Improving the institutional structure at
class municipalities by providing access the local level. There are LGUs that are
to government funds and develop their not yet capable of providing an
potentials. For tourism, however, there environment conducive to private sector
was a low level of public awareness both investments. Some local authorities are
on the potentials of natural and cultural constrained by the absence or un-
resources, and on the economic benefits updated land use plans, tourism plans,
from the tourism sector. This is investment incentive codes and other
manifested by the lack of investments in ordinances, and the low capacity of LGU
outdoor activities and adventure personnel to implement them. For the
products which have to be initiated by tourism sector, there are inadequate
the private sector. The lack of DOT- visitor management and safety measures
accredited tourism oriented at key sites, patchy provision of visitor
establishments and the non-compliance accommodation particularly high quality
with general labor and occupational resorts and distinctive guesthouses, and
safety and health standards of the unregulated development resulting to the
Department of Labor and Employment erosion of visual corridors on scenic
(DOLE) also challenge the tourism highways.
industry. Only few tourist establishments
in the region have the service quality seal

Strategic Framework
Expanding economic opportunities in achieved: (a) investments increased; (b)
industry and services coupled with competitiveness, innovativeness, and
expanding access to economic resilience increased; (c) access to market
opportunities of MSMEs and improved; (d) access to production
cooperatives will contribute to reducing networks improved; (e) access to
inequality or “Pagbabago” towards laying financing increased; and (f) productivity,
down the foundation for inclusive efficiency and resilience improved. Figure
growth, a high-trust and resilient society, 9.3 presents the Strategic Framework to
and a globally competitive knowledge Expand Opportunities in Industry and
economy. By 2022, the following Services through Trabaho at Negosyo.
subsector outcomes should have been
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to productivity in industry and services
increase the following: (a) GVA in from PhP98,138 and PhP75,662 (at
Industry sector from PhP35 billion (at constant 2000 prices), respectively; and
constant 2000 prices) in 2015; (b) GVA (d) tourist arrival from 4.5 million in
in Services sector from PhP87 billion (at 2015.
constant 2000 prices) in 2015; (c) labor

Figure 9.3 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in Industry and

Services through Trabaho at Negosyo, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve Subsector Outcome 1: Investments
the subsector outcomes to address the increased
challenges presented above:
 Strengthen value and supply chain
Outcome 1: Economic linkages. This shall be done by
opportunities in industry and promoting and developing high value
services expanded and more profitable agribusiness
enterprises at the same time
modernize the agriculture sector to

increase productivity. Globally Complementary Food Production

competitive industries and services Centers in Iriga City, San Lorenzo
with strong forward and backward Ruiz, Aroroy, and Gubat and Central
linkages shall be developed, especially Bicol State University of Agriculture
MSMEs in regional and global (CBSUA). The R&D programs in
production networks and value agriculture, health, energy, and
chains. The industry and small- emerging technology including
medium-enterprise development DRRM of the three local research
programs of the DTI and the Small consortia (BCHRD, BCAARRD and
Enterprise Upgrading program of BCIEERD) shall be pursued. (Refer to
DOST shall be undertaken. (Refer to Chapters 8 and 14)
Chapter 8)
 Increase investments in
 Intensify investment promotion infrastructure. The transport
programs. This aims to attract infrastructure and logistics shall be
investments through the preparation improved to facilitate the movement
of investment promotions collateral, of people, goods and services and
participation in local and international develop the ICT sector to improve
trade fairs, and encouraging LGUs to knowledge and ideas and link firms to
formulate their local investment code. domestic and global markets. (Refer to
Bicolanos and returning OFs shall be Chapter 19)
encouraged to invest in the industry
and services sectors. Programs like Subsector Outcome 2: Competitiveness,
G&OKB shall be undertaken by DTI innovativeness, and resilience increased
and DOT in partnership with other
agencies, LGUs and the private sector.  Promote investments in the
The DOT shall also undertake production of raw materials for
Tourism Information, Marketing & manufacturing. Investments in the
Enterprise (TIME) Center priority provincial commodities such
Establishment Program. as abaca, pili, sweet potato, livestock
(goats and dairy cattle), cassava,
 Enhance R&D, product development pineapple, mud crabs, seaweeds,
and marketing. This move shall native chicken, taro, organic rice and
support manufacturing, and mango shall be encouraged. A cluster-
strengthen other sectors such as based approach shall be promoted to
agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and pursue inter-firm cooperation and
other services. The R&D and agglomeration such as the Shared
innovation centers shall be established Service Facilities Program of DTI.
such as the R&D center for abaca in Health care, tourism and the
Catanduanes State University (CSU), fabrication of farm machineries shall
the Bicol Innovation and Research be strongly supported. The national
and Technology Hub of Bicol government agencies shall provide
University (BU) and the support to the Provincial Commodity

Investment Plans (PCIPs) of the six through science and technology fairs
provinces under the PRDP. The DTI and exhibits at the national and local
shall conduct local and international level and technology fora/clinics.
exports and investment promotion (Refer to Chapter 14)
activities, advocacy and capacity
building activities, and engagements  Improve human capital. The
with strategic partners. education curricula shall be improved
to produce graduates with the skills
 Encourage MSMEs to be required by the manufacturing
environment friendly and climate industry. The industry-academe
smart. The Promotion of Green linkages shall be strengthened to help
Economic Development (ProGED) meet labor market needs and reduce
Programme shall be undertaken to jobs-skills mismatches.
ensure the MSMEs operates in a Entrepreneurship training programs
manner that is environmentally shall be provided to existing and
friendly and climate smart to be potential entrepreneurs. The human
sustainable and remain competitive. resource capacities shall be enhanced
to ensure quality product and service
 Improve the business climate. standards. Among other programs
Improving the business environment that shall be pursued are the technical
will attract investments in the region. education and skills development
The cost of doing business shall be program of the Technical Education
reduced by upgrading infrastructure and Skills Development Authority
facilities, lowering power and water (TESDA), and the tourism industry
cost, simplifying business procedures, skills program of the DOT. (Refer to
and improving the productivity levels Chapter 10)
of manufacturing companies. Business
permit licensing shall be streamlined  Improve infrastructure. In order to
in all LGUs. The “Go Negosyo Act” or improve competitiveness it is
RA 10644 shall be implemented necessary to intensify the development
providing for the creation a “Negosyo of transport infrastructure. The
Center” in all provinces, cities and infrastructure sub-index captures the
municipalities to be supervised by the availability and quality of physical
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise infrastructure in terms of road, air and
Development (MSMED) Council led sea infrastructures. For a more
by DTI. The MSMED Council shall reliable infrastructure facilities and
encourage public-private partnerships services, all modes of transportation
in the establishment and management shall be integrated to provide seamless
of the Negosyo Centers. (Refer to travel around the region. Although
Chapters 5, 16 and 19) significant improvement in the region
can be seen in terms of road
 Improve access to technology and infrastructure, more quality roads are
innovation. This shall be undertaken needed to further improve access and

connectivity within the region and to  Encourage forward and backward

the other regions of the country. linkages. The value chain approach
Airports and seaports development shall be adopted. Exporters shall be
with RORO service and new franchise connected with multinational
opened shall be prioritized, corporations and suppliers through
expressways, road safety facilities, business matching, trade fairs, and
signages and rest areas along national networking initiatives.
highways shall be constructed, high
speed trains shall be provided, and  Improve infrastructure, logistics and
passenger terminal buildings shall be ICT. New improved roads, seaports
constructed. Along with these, water and airports shall be constructed and
and sanitation and efficient the PNR Mainline South revitalized.
telecommunications services shall also Internet service providers shall
be provided. (Refer to Chapter 19) upgrade their facilities that will
provide excellent services in order to
Subsector Outcome 3: Access to market take advantage of the internet online
improved services. (Refer to Chapter 19)
 Improve advocacy and capacity- Outcome 2: Access to economic

building programs. This aims to opportunities of MSMEs &
encourage businesses, especially cooperatives expanded.
MSMEs, to maximize export
opportunities. Subsector Outcome 1: Access to
production networks improved
 Intensify marketing and promotion
of Philippine products and services  Enhance the linkage between MSMEs
and intensify market intelligence. and large corporations. A big brother
Promotion and marketing activities small brother approach shall be
will include sustained brand encouraged to facilitate global value
awareness campaign programs, chains and develop more inclusive
building partnerships to feature business models and social
Philippine-made products, use of enterprises. The MSMEs shall produce
social media platforms, among others. high value-added products and
Bicolanos shall be encouraged to services instead of traditional
patronize locally made products. For products.
tourism, an expanded marketing
program shall be designed and  Adopt clustering of MSMEs. This
implemented that will make travel aims to achieve economies of scale,
destinations easy to visit through specialization, and innovation. The
internet online services. The travel DTI shall implement the Startup
and tourism industry shall understand Ecosystem Development Program
and meet the evolving needs of the which is an industry cluster program
consumers, giving importance to ICT.

to foster linkages among MSMEs and  Encourage entrepreneurship.

strengthen collaborative networks. Encourage families receiving OF
remittances to business activities in
Subsector Outcome 2: Access to the country. Local communities shall
financing increased be engaged in community-based
ecotourism activities and rural
 Increase access to financing. Loan tourism enterprises. Farmers shall be
processes for MSMEs, cooperatives, encouraged to become agripreneurs.
and OFs shall be streamlined and
simplified. (Refer to Chapter 15)  Promote diversification. The MSMEs
shall be strongly supported in
 Enhance financial literacy. Financial upgrading and diversifying the
literacy trainings shall be provided to existing range of products available in
MSMEs, cooperatives, and OFs and the region. Tourism development shall
their families to help them understand not only focus on the physical
and access financial products. The endowments but also cultural
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) offerings taking into consideration the
shall continue to implement their economic, social and ecological
financial literacy programs. (Refer to environment that is able to handle a
Chapter 15) sustained growth.
Subsector Outcome 3: Productivity,  Promote CCA. This is to ensure that

efficiency, and resilience improved risks and crisis management programs
are implemented. Climate-smart
 Increase access to technology. awareness campaigns shall be
Expand the Small Enterprise conducted for MSMEs and local
Technology Upgrading Program authorities by providing information
(SETUP) and SSFs to strategic about suitable technologies and green
locations where the poor resides. financial products. The DOT shall
Existing testing, calibration, and continue to implement the Sustainable
quality assurance services shall be Tourism thru Environmental
upgraded to broaden access of MSMEs Protection & Climate Change
to innovative, appropriate, and cost- Adaptation (STEP-CCA) Program
effective technologies. (Refer to and the Risk & Crisis Management
Chapter 14) (RCM) Program. (Refer to Chapter 20)

Chapter 10
Accelerating Human Capital

Development

Under the pillar Pagbabago, the RDP recognizes human capital development as a
means to an end (i.e., human capital as a factor of production that will contribute to
regional development), but also an end in itself (i.e., development of individuals to
their full potential). Human capital development entails being healthy, well-nourished,
continued learning throughout one’s life, and improved income-earning ability.


Human capital development in terms of receiving care in health facilities. The
health and education were uneven. main causes of maternal deaths were
Positive health outcomes were hypertensive complications and poor
manifested by decreased infant mortality prenatal care. The rising incidence of
and prevalence of undernutrition. teenage pregnancy and the unmet need
Likewise, basic education participation for family planning may have also
and completion rates increased. contributed to poor maternal and child
However, more needs to be done to health.
equalize opportunities, especially for the
poor and marginalized groups in the Children have been poorly nourished.
region, to have long, health, and The Bicol RDP 2011-2016 target of 10
productive lives, lifelong learning percent was not achieved, although the
opportunities, and improved income- proportion of undernourished children
earning ability (Table 10.1). 0-71 months old decreased. Despite the
campaign on the critical first 1,000 days
Health of the child, some LGUs did not
prioritize nutrition interventions. There
Infant mortality decreased but safe was also low compliance to RA No. 10028
childbirth remains a concern. From or the Expanded Breastfeeding
2011 to 2015, maternal mortality Promotion Act, the Milk Code, and other
increased while infant mortality related laws and policies. The prevalence
decreased. Despite the fact that 82 of stunting and wasting among children
percent of deliveries were in health below five years old stood at 24 percent
facilities, pregnant women continued to and 8 percent, respectively. Among
experience the “three delays” – delay in provinces, Catanduanes had the highest
seeking professional services, delay in proportion (18%) of undernourished
going to health facilities, and delay in children (being underweight with respect

to age) and the highest proportion of of wasted children (9%) or being

stunted children (33%) or being short for underweight with respect to height or
age. Masbate had the highest proportion length.
Table 10.1 Bicol RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Health Sector)
INDICATORS 2011 2015 TARGET

Life expectancy at birth
Male (years) 66 68.8 71
Female (years) 71 73.8 77
Infant mortality ratio (per 1,000 livebirths) 9.7 7.1 8.4
Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 livebirths 75.2 168.8 31.6
% of facility-based deliveries 39.4 82.3 80.0
% of fully immunized children 79.1 100.0
Undernourished children 0-71 months old (%) 14.8 11.4 10.0
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%) 41.4 34.2 60.0
Philhealth enrolment (%) 80.0 93.0 100.0
% of households with access to safe water 81.8 81.5* 100.0
% of households with access to sanitary toilet facilities 67.8 68.2 79.2
* Partial data
Sources: DOH, NNC, PHIC
Progress in family planning initiatives seeks to provide universal access to

was reversed. Unmet need for family contraception methods, fertility control,
planning in the region was 27 percent sexual education, and maternal care.
(2013 NDHS: PSA), which means that 27 This may have contributed to the decline
out of 100 women of reproductive age in contraceptive prevalence rate, as noted
were not using contraception but wished by the Department of Health (DOH),
to postpone the next birth or stop from 41 percent in 2011 to 34 percent in
childbearing altogether. Unplanned and 2015, thus not attaining the Millennium
uncontrolled pregnancies have Development Goals (MDG) and Bicol
contributed to poor maternal and child RDP 2011-2016 target of 60 percent.
health. More household members mean
additional expenses for food and other Another concern on reproductive health
basic needs, which are not adequately is the rising incidence of teenage
provided for by poor households. The pregnancies in the region. In 2014, based
provision of family planning services has on PSA data, Bicol region registered 72
been devolved to LGUs. However, not all livebirths of young mothers below 15
LGUs prioritize such services and some years old, which more than doubled from
of them even limit the access of artificial 34 livebirths in 2011. Likewise, the
family planning commodities. This is region registered 12,628 livebirths of
contrary to RA No. 10354 or the young mothers between 15-19 years old,
Responsible Parenthood and which increased by four percent from
Reproductive Health (RPRH) Law that 12,194 livebirths in 2011.

Access to quality health services people on the payment of water fees and
improved but there are still gaps that inadequate counterpart funding from
need to be addressed. Access to quality LGUs for water supply projects.
health services improved with the Likewise, sanitary toilet facilities were
increased coverage of the National Health accessible only to 68 percent of the
Insurance Program (NHIP). The households, still short of the MDG and
provision of health insurance relieves Bicol RDP 2011-2016 target of 79
families from unexpected medical percent. A total of 177,876 poor
expenses, especially the poor and households had no sanitary toilet
marginalized groups. As of November facilities. The lack of safe water and
2015, the Philippine Health Insurance sanitary toilet facilities contributes to
Corporation or Philhealth has covered poor health of household members.
about 5 members and its qualified
dependents. This means that 93 percent Possible scenarios in the succeeding
of the Bicol’s population was already plan period may affect the health sector.
protected against the financial risk of For the period 2017-2022, possible
being hospitalized, an increase from 80 scenarios that may affect the health sector
percent in 2011, but still short of the 100 include the administration’s war on
percent Bicol RDP 2011-2016 target. As drugs and the ASEAN integration. The
of June 2016, however, Philhealth war on drugs has resulted to a total of
coverage was only 89 percent due to 49,241 surrendering drug users (11,706
increase in population, incomplete males and 296 females: partial data) as of
database of dependents, and exclusion of September 2016. The number is expected
indigenous peoples. There are 109 to rise as the war on drugs is sustained.
hospitals and 480 non-hospital facilities As of 2016, there are only two DOH
in the region which are accredited by treatment and rehabilitation centers, both
Philhealth. Based on the 2015 Listahanan with only a 100-bed capacity, and three
assessment of the Department of Social non-government rehabilitation facilities
Welfare and Development (DSWD), a in the region. The free flow of people
total of 983,394 poor individuals were not brought about by the ASEAN and global
going to health centers. integration will open the country and the
region to communicable viruses from
Targets on access to safe water and other countries that necessitates
sanitary toilet facilities were unmet. enhancing the capability of the health
Safe water was made accessible only to sector agencies to address such risks.
81.5 percent of total households (partial
data only), far from the MDG and Bicol
RDP 2011-2016 target of 100 percent. Education
Based on the 2015 Listahanan
assessment, a total of 135,334 poor Literacy and some basic education
households in the region had no access to outcomes improved but not all school
safe water. Hindering factors to attaining age children were in school. As
the target include negative perception of indicated by the results from the 2013

Functional Literacy, Education and Mass of-school children and youth will find it
Media Survey (FLEMMS) of the PSA, harder to stop the inter-generational
functional literacy rate, or the ability to cycle of poverty. There were more female
read, write, and compute, increased to 87 youth who stopped attending school than
percent, surpassing the target of 83 male youth (Table 10.2).
percent. However, not all school age
children were in school. Out-of-school The MDG on achieving universal
children, as defined in the FLEMMS, are primary education was not achieved, as
persons aged six to 14 years who are not indicated by the less than 100 percent net
attending school, while out-of-school enrolment rate and completion rate in
youth are persons aged 15 to 24 years primary education, as well as the unequal
who are not attending school, have not ratio of girls and boys in primary
finished any college or post-secondary education (Table 10.3). For school year
course, and are not working. Top 2014-2015, Department of Education
reasons for not attending school are (DepEd) indicators echo the FLEMMS
marriage, lack of family income to send results that not all school age children
children to school, and lack of personal were in school, as reflected in the
interest. This undermines the learning participation, completion, and retention
abilities of the children as future workers rates.
and leaders. Poor households with out-
Table 10.2 Proportion of Out-of-School Children and Youth, Bicol Region and
Philippines, by Age Group and Sex: 2013
INDICATOR BICOL PHILS
N o . o f c h i l d r e n 6 - 2 4 y rs . ( i n ‘ 0 0 0 ) 2,344 36,238
% of children & youth 6-24 yrs., both sexes 8.6 10.6

Male 6.2 7.9
Female 11.2 13.3
% of children 6-14 yrs., both sexes 2.3 3.5
Male 3.1 4.6

Female 1.4 2.4
% of youth 15-24 yrs., both sexes 16.0 17.5
Male 9.7 11.2
Female 23.1 24.0
Source: 2013 FLEMMS of PSA
The conditionality imposed to poor under the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino

households to keep children in school Program (4Ps) contributed to the

attainment of the Bicol RDP 2011-2016 2016 implementation of the senior high
targets on participation and completion school. Although the standard ratios of
rates11 in the elementary and secondary pupils or students to teacher, and pupils
levels. However, based on the 2015 or students to classroom generally have
Listahanan assessment, a total of 203,432 been achieved, there is a need to hire
poor children aged three to 17 years old more qualified teachers for senior high
were not attending school. A hindering school since only half of the plantilla
factor is the absence of schools in remote positions have been filled.
barangays. Total number of barangays in
the region is 3,473 but as of 2014, there Skills acquired by higher education
were only 3,148 public elementary graduates do not match the skills
schools and 665 public high schools. required by higher paying jobs. The
underemployment rate in the region
Child labor persists. The 2011 Survey remained high at 25 percent in July 2016,
on Children of the PSA estimated that 23 reflects a mismatch between the available
percent (around 472,500) of children skills of the labor force and the required
aged five to 17 years old in the region skills in the labor market. While the
were working. This was higher than the reforms in basic education aim to
national average of 19 percent. The same produce job-ready high school graduates,
survey estimated that Bicol region has continued reforms are needed to make
304,000 children in hazardous labor, the the skills training programs and higher
second highest in the country. education courses more attuned to
changing industry needs and labor
Raising the quality of basic education requirements. For example, the tour
remains a challenge. As an indicator of guide program of TESDA should be
the quality of basic education, the average aligned to the needs of the local and
national achievement test (NAT) score global tourism industry. In the light of
for the region of 68 percent was below the the ASEAN and global integration,
75 percent passing mark. This was technical and higher education
attributed to inadequate capacities of institutions should aim for international
teachers and inadequate learning certification of courses to produce
materials, tools, and equipment. employable and globally competitive
Additional classrooms were constructed graduates.
and additional teachers were hired for the
11
The participation rate is the proportion of the enrolment for the age group corresponding to the official school age in the
elementary and/or secondary level to the population of the same age group in a year. The completion rate is the
percentage of first grade or year entrants in a level of education who complete the level in accordance with the required
number of years of study.

Table 10.3 Bicol RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Education Sector)
INDICATOR 2011 2015 TARGET

Functional literacy rate (%) 79.9 (2008) 87.1(2013) 83.1
Net enrolment rate in primary education (%) 88.7 93.9 (2014) 100.0
Primary completion rate (%) 65.7 85.1 (2014) 100.0
Literacy rate 15-24 years old 95.0 (2003) 98.8 (2010) 100.0
Ratio of girls and boys
Primary education 101.6 (1990) 89.9 (2014) 100.0
Secondary education 98.8 (1990) 101.9 (2014) 100.0
Participation rate (%)SY 2014-2015
Elementary 92.3 93.9 98.5
Male 93.4
Female 94.3
Secondary 49.5 62.7 60.1
Male 56.8
Female 69.1
Completion rate (%)
Male 82.3
Female 88.3
Secondary 67.9 76.2 73.4
Male 70.5
Female 82.0
Retention rate (%)
Male 96.3
Female 97.5
Secondary 89.1 91.9 96.4
Male 89.6
Female 94.2
Achievement score (%) 66.3 67.9 80.6
Teacher:pupil ratio 1:41 1:30 1:35
Classroom:pupil ratio 1:36 1:24 1:35
Student:chair 1:1.19 1:1.97 1:1
Sources: PSA, DepEd
Limited employment opportunities which imply the need to ensure the

force Filipinos to migrate by necessity protection of migrant workers’ rights and
and not by choice. The high for appropriate interventions for families
underemployment rate also indicates the left behind. Programs on migration and
lack of higher paying jobs that promotes development have been initiated to
migration to other regions and countries. address the problems on high cost of
Based on the 2015 Survey on OFs of the migration, lack of information, low
PSA, Bicol region accounts for 3.1 savings and investment rate, and
percent (around 75,800) of the estimated undermining institutional support, so
2.447 million OFs. There were more that the benefits of migration are
females (3.3%) than male OFs (2.9%), maximized for regional development.

Strategic Framework
Accelerating human capital development learning opportunities for all ensured;
will contribute to reducing inequality or and (c) income earning abilities
“Pagbabago” towards laying down the increased. The culture of volunteerism
foundation for inclusive growth, a high- shall be encouraged from the academe,
trust and resilient society, and a globally private and non-government sector,
competitive knowledge economy. By international volunteer organizations,
2022, the following subsector outcomes and the government. Figure 10.1 presents
should have been achieved: (a) health and the Strategic Framework to Accelerate
nutrition for all improved; (b) lifelong Human Capital Development.
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to in 2015 to 7 percent in 2022; (e)
(a) increase life expectancy at birth reduce the prevalence of overweight
from 69 years for male and 74 years adult 20 years old and above from 25
for female; (b) reduce the prevalence percent in 2015 to 22 percent in 2022.
of stunting among children < 5 from By 2022, the functional literacy rate,
40 percent in 2015 to 31 percent in the completion rate, and the cohort
2022; (c) reduce the prevalence of survival rate are increasing; and the
wasting among children < 5 from 8 percentage of youth in NEET, and the
percent in 2015 to 7 percent in 2022; duration of school-to-work transition
(d) reduce the prevalence of wasting of college graduates have decreased.
among children 6-10 from 11 percent

Figure 10.1 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Human Capital

Strategies

The following strategies will help achieve leptospirosis, ebola, zika) shall be
the subsector outcomes to address the undertaken. Diseases from
challenges presented above: urbanization and industrialization
(e.g., injuries, substance abuse, and
Subsector Outcome 1: Health and mental illness) shall, likewise, be
nutrition for all improved addressed. Attention shall be given to
pandemics and travel-related health
 Provide care for all life stages. Focus risks, as well as health consequences
shall be given to the first 1000 days of arising from disaster and climate
the child, reproductive and sexual change. Information and advocacy on
health, maternal, newborn, and child the importance of maternal,
health, exclusive breastfeeding, reproductive, and adolescent health,
adolescent health, and addressing pre-natal care, and proper nutrition,
malnutrition in all its forms. including telemedicine12 shall be
Interventions to address prioritized in geographically isolated
communicable diseases (e.g., HIV/ and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs) and
AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria), non- among poor and IP groups.
communicable diseases (e.g., cancer,
diabetes, heart disease and their risk  Ensure universal access to health,
factors such as obesity and smoking), nutrition, and family planning
and other diseases (e.g., dengue, services. This shall be done through
12
Use of telecommunication and information technology to provide clinical health care from a distance

the establishment of functional service requirement for licensing and

delivery networks that will provide a contracting. Collection and reporting
continuum of services from primary of nutrition and health data at the
care level to specialty centers. These provincial, city, and municipal levels
services shall be compliant to clinical shall be strengthened to ensure
standards, culturally sensitive, and responsiveness of interventions at the
responsive in times of emergency and LGU level and improve accountability.
disasters. Additional resources shall be Improving the timeliness and quality
provided for health facility of data, with sufficient disaggregation,
enhancement, deployment of health shall be pursued along with
human resources, vaccines, family strengthening the monitoring and
planning commodities, medicines, evaluation systems for improved
and training. Health insurance decision-making.
coverage shall be expanded to all
families and individuals, especially the  Enforce standards, accountability,
poor and vulnerable groups (IPs, and transparency. The National
differently-abled persons, and elderly) Objectives for Health shall be
in the region. published, along with prices of
common drugs and services and list of
 Review government compensation non-compliant or erring providers.
package for health human resources. Procurement mechanisms and other
A review of government major business processes shall be
compensation package for health automated, including the
human resources shall be pushed to establishment of a redress mechanism
give higher pay to those serving in IP to improve transparency and
areas and GIDAs. Financial incentives accountability. (Refer to Chapter 5)
shall be provided to health
professionals, including barangay
 Elicit multi-sector and multi-
nutrition scholars and population
stakeholder participation. Multi-
development officers to ensure
sector and multi-stakeholder
continuous nutrition and
participation shall be elicited to
reproductive health service delivery
support health and nutrition
and advocacy at the lowest levels. The
initiatives. Academic institutions,
health profession shall focus on
DOH-retained hospitals, CSOs and
primary and preventive health care
NGOs in the region shall be engaged
and will include gender and culture
in the conduct of capacity building
perspectives as part of pre-service and
activities on responsible parenthood
in-service trainings and orientation.
and reproductive health, maternal,
neonatal and child health and
 Strengthen collection on health and nutrition. As frontliners in health
nutrition data. All health facilities service delivery, LCEs shall be
and drug outlets shall use electronic encouraged to enroll in the Health
clinical and administrative records as Leadership Governance Program.

The R&D on health, nutrition, and ensure that learners with special
family planning shall be promoted. needs, IPs, out-of-school children,
Collaboration among LGUs, agencies, youth and adults are provided with
and NGOs shall be pursued in the appropriate education interventions,
implementation of safe and alternative delivery mode in formal
sustainable water supply and education, and alternative learning
sanitation projects, as well as systems. The provision of education
treatment and rehabilitation facilities inputs shall focus on areas with poor
for surrendering drug users. education performance, hard-to-reach
learners, and vulnerable groups (e.g.,
Subsector Outcome 2: Lifelong street children, child laborers, IPs,
learning opportunities for all differently-abed persons, children-in-
ensured conflict with the law, and children in
conflict areas). To keep children in
To ensure lifelong learning opportunities school, interventions shall include
for all, quality, accessible, relevant, and school-based feeding programs,
liberating basic education shall be counseling programs, remedial classes,
provided for all and quality of higher and and proactive monitoring of school
technical education and research for children through home visits by
equity and global competitiveness shall school personnel.
be improved.
 Sustain curricular reforms.
Basic Education Curricular reforms shall be sustained
to make it more gender-responsive
 Strengthen implementation of early and relevant to learners and
childhood care and development community through contextualization
programs. This shall include a and localization. Likewise, reforms
developmentally-appropriate curriculum shall be towards improving
and be undertaken by a competent competencies in mathematics, science
workforce in accordance with RA. No. and technology, ICT, innovation and
10410 or “The Early Years Act” of creativity. Emphasis shall also be
2013. The full implementation of the given to values, culture and the arts,
K to 12 entails the hiring of competent drug abuse prevention, reproductive
teachers and timely delivery of health, population and development,
adequate education inputs such as gender, environmental awareness,
school infrastructure, quality learning disaster preparedness, and climate
materials, equipment for both formal change adaptation. Enhancing
and non-formal education. teacher competencies shall entail a
responsive pre-service education
 Establish mechanisms for mapping, curriculum, mentoring, workshops,
profiling, and tracking of learners organized training, e-Learning, and
and school age children. These learning visits.
mechanisms shall be put in place to

 Strengthen collaboration with  Provide additional resources

agencies, LGUs, and industries for (manpower, facilities, funding) and
the on-the-job-training (OJT) scholarship grants. Additional
opportunities of senior high school resources (manpower, facilities,
students pursuing technical and funding) and scholarship grants shall
vocational track. The concerned be provided to expand access to
agencies like DepEd and TESDA shall Technical-Vocational Education and
collaborate with LGUs and local Training (TVET) programs, especially
establishments to address the lack of to the poor. Linkages with
local industries for OJT of senior high government technical-vocational
school students. Proposed schools and SUCs offering TVET
arrangements include: (a) private programs shall be strengthened to
establishments to provide financial accommodate more beneficiaries from
assistance to senior high school on- the poor households in the region.
the-job trainees; (b) DepEd and Promotional activities shall be
TESDA to link with local industry sustained to encourage more youth to
establishments on crafting technical- take up technical and vocational
vocational-livelihood training education. These include the conduct
programs, and (c) LGUs to issue of annual provincial and regional
ordinances requiring private search for successful self and wage
establishments to source manpower employed TESDA graduates and
needs from local residents or senior regular features in the TESDA website
high school on-the-job trainees. and newsletter, as well as in television
and radio programs. For TVET
Technical-Vocational Education and graduates who wish to pursue higher
Training education degree, a smooth transition
shall be pursued in coordination with
 Expand access to community-based Commission on Higher Education
training programs. Access to (CHED).
community-based training programs
shall be expanded, particularly to  Continue capability building
informal workers and marginalized programs. To improve the quality of
groups (IPs, differently-abled persons, TVET programs, the immersion of
farmers, fishers, drug dependents, faculty in industry shall be pursued,
rebel returnees, women victims of along with continuous capability
abuse and human trafficking, and building programs. Through regular
returning or repatriated OFs). consultations and dialogue, industry
Specific skills requirements of leaders shall be tapped to take part in
barangays shall be identified through the development of training
continuous consultations and a regulations and programs. To
community-driven approach to encourage innovation, the conduct of
training delivery shall be adopted. technical researches by technical
vocational institutions shall be

promoted by tapping funding support Higher Education through an

from TESDA central office. To ensure Outcomes-based and Typology-based
global competitiveness of TVET Quality Assurance” shall be fully
programs, the region shall support the implemented, along with the
international alignment of Philippine Philippine Qualifications Framework
TVET qualifications and strengthening and the ASEAN Qualifications
the Philippine Qualifications Framework. Framework.
Higher Education and Research  Increase investments in higher

education. Investments in higher
 Expand access to higher education. education shall be directed towards (a)
Access to higher education shall be improving research capabilities of
expanded through the full faculty, research staff, and students;
implementation of RA No. 10687 or (b) building infrastructure that will
the Unified Financial Assistance promote knowledge production and
System for Tertiary Education Act of innovation, such as laboratories,
2015 intended for working students libraries, business incubators, research
and/or school leavers, along with boards, among others; and (c) linking
rationalization of tuition and school research to extension services to
fees. Higher education curricular community, business, and industry
reforms shall be steered towards stakeholders. Regular academe-
developing 21st century competencies, industry collaboration shall be
such as civic literacy, global awareness pursued by allowing industry players
and cross-cultural skills, gender to recommend and finance training
sensitivity, critical and inventive programs.
thinking, communication,
collaboration and information skills, Subsector Outcome 3: Income
risk-taking and entrepreneurial skills, earning ability increased
and resiliency. The development of
courses and curricula for creative arts  Ensure the employability of the labor
and culture shall be promoted. force, increase productivity of
workers, and enhance labor mobility
 Steer career interest towards science, and income security. To increase
technology, engineering, agri- income-earning ability, strategies to
fisheries and mathematics. Higher ensure the employability of those
education services shall steer career entering the labor force, increase
interest towards science, technology, productivity of workers, and enhance
engineering, agri-fisheries and labor mobility and income security
mathematics which are the building shall be pursued. Before or even
blocks of a knowledge economy. The during employment, prospective
CHED Memorandum No. 46, s. 2012 workers shall be provided access to
or the “Policy Standard to Enhance skills enhancement programs. Youth
Quality Assurance in Philippine who are not in (a) education, (b)

employment, and (c) training shall be set and monitoring of its compliance
provided with opportunities for skills shall be strengthened. The
development and re-tooling. formulation of productivity-based
Prospective and current OFs shall be incentive schemes shall be encouraged
assisted in identifying demand and among enterprises and their workers.
upgrading their skills to meet the Sound, gender-responsive occupational
demand. LGUs, through the public safety and health practices shall be
employment service offices (PESO), ensured through enforcement of
shall be capacitated to respond to the regulations and advocacy.
needs of the senior high school Implementation of enhanced
students and the differently-abled workplace emergency plans and DRR
persons. Labor market information, programs shall be encouraged.
whether online or not, shall be
enhanced to make it accessible to all  Enhance community-based emergency
groups, regardless of sex, age, and employment program. For workers
culture, especially in the communities. transitioning from one job to another,
Programs, activities, and projects that the community-based emergency
provide livelihood opportunities for employment program shall be
women and encourage them to enhanced to include income
participate in the labor market shall be opportunities for seasonal workers or
promoted. those whose livelihoods are affected by
natural calamities. Social protection
 Monitor compliance to labor and income security through an
standards. To increase productivity unemployment benefit system shall be
of those already employed, mandatory pushed.
minimum wages shall continue to be

Chapter 11
Reducing Vulnerability of
Individuals and Families
People face various risks that make them vulnerable to hardships and
temporary setbacks or prolonged crises. Risk factors include inherent
vulnerability, economic risks, natural hazards and human-induced shocks, and
governance or political risks. Under the pillar “Pagbabago”, the RDP aims to
enable individuals and families to deal and cope with risks by increasing their
adaptive capacities.

Inherent vulnerability. Certain 2,172,415 individuals are poor, making
individuals and groups have inherent Bicol the region with the second highest
vulnerabilities. These are the poor, number of poor population. Another
children, women, differently-abled concern is food poverty or subsistence
persons, IPs, OFs, and their families, and incidence, which is the proportion of
older persons. families or individuals with incomes
below the minimum amount to satisfy the
The official poverty estimates released by nutritional requirements to remain
the PSA showed a decrease in the socially and economically productive.
proportion of poor families in the region About 103,860 families (8%) or 714,681
from 32.3 percent in 2012 to 27.5 percent individuals (12%) are in extreme poverty.
in 2015. This is translated to a decrease of
about 29,009 poor families from 375,974 As shown in Table 11.1, the results
in 2012 to 346,965 in 2015. Likewise, indicators of the RDP 2011-2016
results of the Listahanan 2015 showed improved from 2012 to 2015. The
that the number of identified poor expanded coverage of the 4Ps, the flagship
households decreased from 461,242 in program of the government on social
2010 to 369,395 households in 2015 welfare and protection, contributed
among the 1,074,005 households assessed largely to increase the access to adequate
in the Bicol region. and quality education and health services,
especially by the poor. From 305,988
In terms of the proportion and number of households in 2011, the number of
poor individuals in the region, the PSA beneficiaries increased by 21 percent to
estimates that in 2015, 36 percent or about 369,186 households in 2015.

Table 11.1 Bicol RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Social Welfare and
Protection)
INDICATORS 2012 2015 TARGET

No. of households covered by social welfare 308,493 369,186 390,000
and protection services increased
No. of senior citizens covered by social 16,110 56, 440 64,817
pension increased
Source: DSWD
Children. Based on Republic Act 9523, an providing livelihood assistance to parents

act requiring DSWD certification to of child laborers.
declare a child legally for adoption, a child
is a “person below 18 years of age, or a Older persons. Older persons are
person over 18 years of age but is unable vulnerable because they are physically
to fully care for him/herself or protect more fragile and have limited income
himself/herself from abuse, neglect, sources. Although there was a significant
cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination increase in the number of senior citizens
because of a physical or mental disability provided with social pension, many senior
or condition.” The 2011 Survey on citizens are yet to be covered. The
Children of the PSA estimated that 23 implementation of the Senior Citizens’
percent (around 472,500) of children 5-17 Law resulted to more than 56,000 senior
years old in the region were working. This citizens covered by social pension in 2015,
was higher than the national average of 19 which increased by 250 percent from
percent. The same survey estimated that 16,110 in 2012 (Table 11.1). Delays in the
Bicol Region has 304,000 children in pay-out in the past years were promptly
hazardous labor, the second highest in the addressed. The improved provision of
country. Based on the 2015 Listahanan, services to the senior citizens contributed
there were around 1.3 million children to a higher life expectancy at birth from 66
who were poor. Poverty forces families to and 71 in 2011 to 69 and 74 in 2015 for
stop sending their children to school so male and female, respectively (Refer to
they can help augment the family income. Chapter 10). Based on the 2015
Listahanan assessment, a total of 87,928
The 4Ps program resulted to more poor senior citizens must be provided
children staying in school as indicated by with social pension.
increased participation and completion
rates in basic education (Refer to Chapter Women. Women face multiple and
10). To address child labor, the family intersecting forms of discrimination, such
development sessions under the 4Ps as women in poverty, women with
included teaching parents about the rights disabilities, indigenous and Muslim
of children. Other interventions were women, women living in geographically
also implemented, such as profiling of inaccessible areas, and lesbian, bisexual,
child laborers, advocacy for child labor- and transgender women. Moreover,
free barangays and establishments, and societal norms impose additional risks as

there is unequal power relationship Based on the 2015 Listahanan, there were
between women and men. Based on the more than 29 thousand poor PWDs in the
2015 Listahanan, there were more than region.
454 thousand women who were poor.
Indigenous Peoples (IPs). According to the
There were about 168 maternal deaths per NCIP, there are about 50,000 IPs in the
100,000 livebirths in 2015 due to delay in region who belong to different ethnic
seeking professional help, delay in going groups, i.e., Agta, Agta-Tabangnon, Agta-
to health facilities, and delay in receiving Cimarron, Kabihug, and Dumagat. The
care in health facilities. Likewise, access to IPs are among the disadvantaged sectors
reproductive health services was identified under RA 8425 or the Social
inadequate, as indicated by the unmet Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act
need for family planning and low because of their vulnerability to
contraceptive prevalence rate. The exploitation and discrimination.
incidence of teenage pregnancies was Extractive activities (i.e., mining and
rising, thereby preventing more teenage logging), “development work” (e.g.,
women from finishing school and hydroelectric dams), in-migration,
achieving their full potential. territorial control mechanisms (e.g.,
expropriation of land, imposition of
Differently-abled persons. Many territorial boundaries, and other such
differently-abled persons become policies), among others, lead to
vulnerable to physical and psychological displacement and place great pressure on
violence because of their disability. the preservation of their resources and
Disadvantages include lack of: (a) data on way of life. Based on the 2015 Listahanan,
differently-abled persons; (b) physical there were 7,896 poor households
accessibility in schools, training facilities, belonging to IP groups. However, only
government offices, public transportation, 1,714 IP household beneficiaries were
and government shelter and facilities; and registered under the 4Ps in 2015, which
(c) disability-support services to access was only 22 percent of the total identified
information, communication and poor IP households.
technology including personal assistance
and sign language interpretation. Also, Social protection services were provided
there are still individuals who hold limited to the above vulnerable groups, but these
and, sometimes, negative views toward remain inadequate. Table 11.2 provides
disability and differently-abled persons. A the number of poor individuals belonging
study by the Philippine Institute for to basic sectors who must be provided
Development Studies (PIDS) shows that with social welfare and protection
among differently-abled persons in the services, excluding about 173 thousand
country, more women are unable to poor households with members who have
complete any grade in school, and the experienced displacement.
disparity is wider in the rural areas12.
12
2011 PIDS study “Gender and Disability: The Case of the Philippines”

Table 11.2 Number of Poor Individuals by Basic Sector, Bicol Region
BASIC SECTOR NO. OF POOR INDIVIDUALS

Women (18-59 years) 454,740
Urban Poor 380,149
Farm workers, foresters, fisherfolks (15 years and above) 215,932
Youth (15-30 years) 586,137
Children (<18 years) 1,294,840
Senior Citizens (60 years and above) 87,928
With disability 29,346
With no reported occupation (15 years and above) 624,227
Source: 2015 Listahanan Assessment
Health insurance. Unexpected medical pegged at 25.4 percent in July 2016,

expenses provide additional burden, indicates the lack of higher paying jobs
especially to the poor and marginalized that promotes migration to other regions
groups. As of November 2015, the and countries. Based on the 2015 Survey
Philhealth has covered a total of 5,444,624 on OFs of the PSA, Bicol region accounts
members and its qualified dependents. for 3 percent (around 75,800) of the
This means that 93 percent of the Bicol’s estimated 2.447 million overseas
population were protected against the Filipinos. There were more females (3.3%)
financial risk of being hospitalized, an than male overseas Filipinos (2.9%).
increase from 80 percent in 2011, but still Overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) are
short of the 100 percent Bicol RDP 2011- vulnerable to abuses and violations of
2016 target (Refer to Chapter 10). As of migrant workers’ rights. Moreover,
June 2016, however, Philhealth coverage families of OFWs who are left behind are
was only 89 percent due to increase in also prone to relationship problems and
population, incomplete database of erosion of values.
dependents, and exclusion of IPs.
Social protection programs for OFWs
Economic Risks. Among the economic cover disability, death and burial benefits,
risks usually faced by the working age education, livelihood, and relief
population are unemployment, assistance. The RA 10022 or the Migrants
underemployment, low and irregular Workers and Overseas Filipino Act
income, end of source of livelihood, price mandates the provision of compulsory
instability of basic commodities, and insurance to OFs. However, this insurance
financial and economic crises. excludes direct hires and is effective only
Discrimination is also a form of economic during their stay in destination countries.
risk for the vulnerable sectors not given Likewise, there are reintegration
the same opportunity for employment. programs and services to address the
needs of repatriated workers and cushion
Overseas Filipinos. The high the impact of unemployment.
underemployment rate in the region,

Female Workers. Based on the 2011 PIDS labor force is higher than that of the males,
study “Gender and Disability: The Case of which means more females with disability
the Philippines”, the Philippines has the were not looking for work.
second highest percentage of
entrepreneurially active females next to Natural and human-induced hazards.
Peru (based on data from the Department Disasters are some of the leading causes of
of Trade and Industry), but the vast damage to property and even deaths. The
majority of enterprises owned by Filipino Bicol RDP 2011-2016 target to achieve
women are small and informal. Most of zero casualties during disaster events was
these enterprises are also engaged in low partially attained. Based on the data from
value-added activities like retail trade, the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) Region
food stalls, and personal services. Women 5, reduction to casualties, in terms of
in the informal economy and those death, was noted from 83 individuals in
operating micro and small enterprises 2011 to 20 individuals in 2015. To attain
usually have limited access to financial the plan target, various interventions were
services, production networks, marketing conducted in the region focusing on
information, and global value chains. prevention and mitigation, preparedness,
These limit their socioeconomic response, and rehabilitation and recovery.
advancement and full participation in the However, despite the concerted efforts of
development process. the national agencies, LGUs and CSOs to
reduce disaster risk, addressing the
Women with disability are also left out in region’s vulnerabilities remains to be a
terms of employment. While 58 percent of challenge. This resulted to damage of
the men with disability were employed properties, livelihood and even loss of
(fully employed and underemployed), lives. For typhoon Nina alone, data from
only 36 percent of the women with the OCD showed that approximately
disability were employed. These refer to 513,352 families or about 2.27 million
those with an income-generating job or individuals were displaced and evacuated,
business or those who work but without while casualties reached 340 (14 dead and
pay in the farm or business that is 326 injured). (Refer to Chapter 20)
operated by a member of his/her
household. The fully employed did not Governance and political risks. These
express desire to have additional hours of include effects of policies and regulation,
work. The underemployed were those and armed conflict both here and abroad.
who were employed but still expressed the Some development policies and
desire to have additional hours of work. regulations (total log ban, closed fishing
While 26 percent of the women were season, closure of mines) may result in
unemployed, only 10 percent of the men community displacement and
were unemployed. Moreover, the termination of the stable income of
proportion of females who were not in the people.


Strategic Framework
Reducing vulnerability of individuals and By 2022, the subsector outcome of a
families will contribute to reducing universal and transformative social
inequality or “Pagbabago” towards laying protection for all should have been
down the foundation for inclusive growth, achieved. Figure 11.1 presents the
a high-trust and resilient society, and a Strategic Framework to Reduce
globally competitive knowledge economy. Vulnerability of Individuals and Families.
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to proportion of children aged 5-17 years
increase the percentage of population engaged in child labor by sex and age (30%
covered by PhilHealth insurance from reduction from latest data. By 2022, there
93% in 2015 to 100% in 2022, proportion is zero number of deaths and casualties
of senior citizens covered by social due to disaster.
pension (100%). It targets to reduce the
Figure 11.1 Strategic Framework to Reduce Vulnerability of Individuals and

Families, 2017-2022

Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve labor and monitor the implementation
the subsector outcome to address the of relevant policies. Maternity and
challenges presented above: paternity leave benefits shall be
increased and harmonized in the public
 Adopt a convergence approach to help and private sectors to ensure equal
the poor and vulnerable become self- access to employment and security of
sufficient and self-reliant. In tenure. Increase in paternity leave
providing social protection to mitigate benefits from the current seven to 14
risks faced by vulnerable individuals days shall be pursued. Work
and groups, a convergence approach opportunities shall be provided to poor
shall be adopted to help the poor and students so they can continue
vulnerable become self-sufficient and education, as well as to parents of child
self-reliant. The 4Ps shall be expanded laborers and children-at-risk.
to include more poor families and
marginalized groups (differently-abled  Enhance implementation of
persons, IPs, farmers, fisherfolks, etc.). disability-related policies and
In selecting target beneficiaries of these programs. To ensure a disability-
social protection programs, the inclusive society, initiatives shall
DSWD’s Listahanan database shall be include enhancing stakeholders’
adopted. This is to ensure more focused understanding of disability (i.e.,
and sustainable delivery of services to impairments and barriers to
the poor and avoid duplication of development) and stricter
interventions. To address health implementation of disability-related
concerns, the Indigent Program of the policies and programs. Strategies to
NHIP shall be expanded and shall expand employment opportunities and
continue to cover the households enhance the quality of employment
identified in the Listahanan. These among differently-abled persons shall
households shall also be linked with also be adopted. These will involve the
social enterprises to capacitate them to integration of labor market information
engage in livelihood opportunities. and employment facilitation systems,
including supply and demand data,
 Implement a multi-sectoral roadmap crafts and livelihood information, and
for children. To address the concerns conduct of trainings responsive to
of children, a multi-sectoral roadmap market demands. The government shall
shall be implemented with the aim of reinforce the implementation of laws
building an enabling environment that providing incentives and recognition to
respects, protects, and fulfills the rights employers with staff for differently-
of all children. This will include abled persons.
mechanisms to reduce cases of child

 Intensify social protection programs financial programs of government
for OFs and their families. Social agencies. The target is to increase
security benefits shall be included in benefit utilization and adjust case rates
the standard employment contract for to ensure full coverage of cost and care.
all types of OFWs. The government
shall establish additional SSS, Pag- To manage economic risks, an
IBIG, and PhilHealth representative unemployment insurance shall be
offices overseas, along with massive established to address income insecurity
information dissemination. To by: (a) facilitating re-employment for
address vulnerabilities caused by global involuntarily-unemployed individuals;
developments, social safety nets shall (b) re-tooling as required in job
be extended and complemented by transitions or entrepreneurial endeavors;
reintegration programs, skills and (c) cushioning individuals and their
upgrading, and skills matching with families from the impact of involuntary
domestic opportunities. The work dismissal. For workers in the
organization of OFW family circles informal sector, benefits and social
and similar groups shall be encouraged protection services shall be expanded to
to assure a support system for the safeguard them, facilitate their transition
family left behind and help OFWs to the formal economy, and ensure
navigate through the different phases enrolment in the social security system.
of their overseas employment, For OFWs and their families,
including their reintegration upon reintegration programs shall be
their return to the country. continued, including counselling and
onsite support.
 Improve social pension for senior
citizens. Social pension for senior To deal with hazards, communities shall
citizens shall be improved by reviewing be assisted in undertaking DRR-CCA
the Senior Citizen Law to tackle strategies. As a risk transfer mechanism,
necessary adjustments and redefine the the People Survival Fund shall provide
inclusion criteria to improve coverage. technical and financial assistance to
The creation of a Council for the enable local communities to implement
Welfare of Older Persons shall be adaptation measures. National
pursued to address the need for a government and LGUs shall collaborate in
government body that will coordinate providing adequate transition houses and
the formulation, implementation, and livelihood opportunities to disaster
monitoring and evaluation of policies, survivors during the early rehabilitation
plans, and programs for senior citizens. and recovery period. Establishment of
women and child-friendly spaces shall be
 Expand PhilHealth packages. In promoted to protect the welfare of
support of a universal health women, children, and IPs. Protocols for
insurance, PhilHealth packages shall be emergency cash transfers, calamity loans,
expanded through the different health and livelihood programs shall be
established in areas most likely to be

affected by disasters. Disaster response individuals. Likewise, a protocol shall be
shall include economic, material and developed to identify the adverse impact
physical needs, and psychosocial and of policies, programs and projects and
mental concerns. (Refer to Chapter 20) design the necessary measures to mitigate
such impact. (Refer to Chapter 6)
To address governance and political risks,
the Council for the Welfare of Children To achieve universal social protection,
shall establish a monitoring system at the social protection shall be mainstreamed in
national, regional, provincial, municipal local development planning processes. It
and city levels to record and track will entail the conduct of social protection
incidents and respond to all cases of grave fora and formulation of a social protection
child rights violations. A process shall be statistical framework to track vulnerable
established to address statelessness of sectors.

Chapter 12
Building Safe and Secure

Communities
The government recognizes the importance of building and expanding
people’s access to safe and secure shelter in well-planned communities.
Based on the results of a national survey for AmBisyon Natin 2040, housing is
one of the aspirations of most Filipinos.

Data from the Housing and Urban projects for uniformed personnel,
Development Coordinating Council settlements upgrading, and housing
(HUDCC) showed increased number of materials assistance to victims of disasters
families allocated with socialized housing and calamities. From 2011 to 2015, a total
(Table 12.1). This was largely due to the of 21,772 families were provided with
implementation of resettlement projects, socialized housing.
community mortgage program, housing
Table 12.1 Bicol RDP 2011-2016 Results Matrix Indicators (Housing Sector)
INDICATOR 2010 2015 TARGET

21,772
No. of families allocated with socialized housing 722 10,512
(2011-2015)
No. of families provided with end user financing 1,554 858 7,324
No. of families provided with security of tenure 1,031 2,593 (2014) 2,887
Sources: HUDCC, NHA, Pag-IBIG
The resettlement projects are composed of land. The COA requires land titles before
those administered by the National housing units can be built. This causes
Housing Authority (NHA) and delay as most LGUs only have tax
resettlement projects of LGUs that declarations. Another problem is that
received assistance from NHA under the most families are not willing to be
Resettlement Assistance Program for resettled as they are removed from their
LGUs (RAP-LGU). From 2010 to 2016, a source of livelihood.
total of 29 resettlement sites were
developed in 19 municipalities and three Under the Community Mortgage
cities of the region. Among the problems Program (CMP) that is implemented by
that impede the implementation of the Social Housing Finance Corporation,
resettlement projects is the ownership of eight projects with a total value of PhP42.1

million benefited 930 families. The factors Settlements upgrading is intended to
that affected the sustained address the security of tenure and
implementation of the CMP are the focus infrastructure requirements of informal
on land acquisition and tenure settlements on government land
regularization excluding improvement of proclaimed or designated as socialized
services on housing, low collection rates housing sites. For the plan period, a total
on the amortization payments, and the of 695 families benefited from the
lack of CMP mobilizers. settlements upgrading implemented by
NHA. Under the core shelter assistance
The NHA also implements the Armed program of the DSWD, a total of 16,615
Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and PNP core shelter units were completed, despite
Housing Project for military and police the lack of counterpart funds from some
personnel and the Housing Materials LGUs. Although the target for the
Assistance (HOMA) Program for disaster number of families provided with end-
survivors. The AFP-PNP Housing covers user financing was not achieved, housing
not only personnel from the AFP and the loans were made more available for Pag-
PNP but also the Bureau of Fire Protection IBIG members. Pag-IBIG released a total
(BFP) and the BJMP. Isarog Village in of PhP3.2 billion for the construction of
Pili, Camarines Sur is the site of the 5,462 housing units.
housing program for uniformed
personnel in the region. As of 2015, a total Despite the accomplishments of the key
of 1,325 housing units for uniformed shelter agencies in the region for the
personnel were completed. The HOMA period 2011 to 2016, a huge housing
program benefited a total of 11,480 backlog and additional housing needs
families who were affected by various remain due to population growth (Tables
calamities. 12.2 and 12.3).
Table 12.2 Key Shelter Agency Accomplishments and Targets, 2011-2016

PROGRAM/COMPONENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS TARGETS
Resettlement 6,934 12,927
NHA-Administered 1,333 3,382
RAP-LGU 3,989 9,015
Calamity Fund 394 394
B-Care 1,218 136
Community Mortgage Program 930 1,035
Direct Housing Provision 19,370 23,013
Regular Mortgages 5,462 7,484
Community-Based Housing Program 273 0
Local Housing Program 135 174
Housing Materials Assistance 11,480 11,882
AFP/PNP Housing Program 1,325 2,425
Settlements Upgrading 695 1,048
Indirect Housing Provision 358 585
Asset Disposition 358 585
Source: HUDCC

Based on the 2015 Listahanan assessment, light or salvaged materials; 260,401 lived
there were 242,844 poor households who in housing units with walls made of light
lived in housing units with roofs made of or salvaged materials; and 123,238
without electricity.
Table 12.3 Housing Need, Bicol Region, 2011-2016
HOUSING HOUSING NEEDS DUE TO

PROVINCE TOTAL HOUSING NEED
BACKLOG POPULATION GROWTH
Albay 51,304 20,441 71,745

Camarines Sur 59,936 36,087 96,023
Camarines Norte 13,074 11,726 24,800
Catanduanes 13,775 3,862 17,637
Masbate 37,769 16,150 53,919
Sorsogon 46,537 12,749 59,286
Total 323,409
Source: HUDCC
More efforts are needed to speed up the needs without involving the private sector.
regularization of tenure of the informal The Urban Development and Housing
settler families in Pili, Camarines Sur Act (UDHA) of 1992 stipulates that
covered by Proclamation No. 593 and in condominium developments must
Albay under Proclamation No. 40. No allocate at least five percent of the total
certificate of land allocation (CELA) has project cost for socialized housing, while
been awarded to the target families of subdivision developments are required to
Proclamation No. 593. There is an allot 20 percent. Those failing to meet the
ongoing census and tagging of potential obligation face a penalty of PhP10 million
beneficiaries in barangays San Jose and for the first offense, and have their
Caroyroyan in Pili, Camarines Sur that business license removed following a
would benefit 350 families. From 2003 to second violation. The Chamber of Real
2014, about 58 percent of 5,850 Estate and Builders’ Association (CREBA)
beneficiary families received CELA under claimed that the quota for subdivisions is
Proclamation No. 40. In 2015, survey of not realistic. The CREBA advocated that
lots was conducted in the unutilized it should be at most five percent of the net
property of the PNR in Sogod, Bacacay, saleable residential area instead of 20
Albay that would generate an estimated percent of the total project area or cost.
400 lots. A major factor that affects the
regularization of tenure of informal settler The UDHA also mandated government,
families is the slow processing of contracts in collaboration with the private sector, to
with the PNR. provide affordable and decent housing to
the underprivileged and homeless citizens
Among the problems that hinder the in urban and resettlement areas, including
provision of housing is that government basic services and employment
takes the burden and risks for the housing opportunities. Specifically, city and

municipal governments are tasked to Another challenge is the limited land
conduct an inventory of lands and identify identified suitable for housing. The
sites for socialized housing in recently enacted Idle Government-Owned
coordination with the concerned agencies. Lands Disposition Act requires that any
As of 2016, not all LGUs have socialized government-owned land that has not been
housing sites for their underprivileged used for its originally licensed purpose
and homeless constituents. To expedite within a 10-year period be provisioned to
the identification of lands for housing, the NHA, which together with LGUs, shall
HUDCC trained 66 LGUs on the build socialized housing in partnership
formulation of local housing plans. with private developers.

Strategic Framework
Building safe and secure communities will affordable, adequate, safe, and secure
contribute to reducing inequality or shelter in well-planned communities
“Pagbabago” towards laying down the expanded, should have been achieved.
foundation for inclusive growth, a high- Figure 12.1 presents the Strategic
trust and resilient society, and a globally Framework to Build Safe and Secure
competitive knowledge economy. By Communities.
2022, the subsector outcome of access to
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to provided with direct and indirect housing
increase the number of households assistance.

Figure 12.1 Strategic Framework to Build Safe and Secure
Communities, 2017-2022

Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve development of urban centers and
the subsector outcome to address the human settlements shall proceed in a
challenges presented above: rational and sustainable manner, with
the convergence of efforts of various
Subsector Outcome: Access to sectors. This is to ensure that housing
affordable, adequate, safe and and auxiliary services and needs of
secure shelter in well-planned resettled informal settler families are
communities expanded adequately satisfied. The physical
infrastructure of housing and location
 Develop integrated neighborhoods of human settlements must ensure
and sustainable communities compliance with DRR-CCA
particularly for low-income requirements to mitigate risks and
households. The Bicol RSDF that is address vulnerability. (Refer to Chapter
anchored on the NSS shall be 3)
implemented to address the challenges  Intensify implementation of
of agglomeration economies, alternatives and innovative solutions
connectivity, and vulnerability. Under in addressing the housing needs of
the Bicol RSDF, the growth and the lower income classes and

vulnerable sector. Solutions such as such as providing free housing materials
public rental housing, mixed-income implemented by the DSWD and LGU
or mixed-use housing development, partners in the aftermath of calamities, to
housing microfinance initiatives, encourage people to secure financing for
incremental housing programs, and land acquisition in safer areas. This may
housing cooperatives shall be explored be proposed as a model for delivering a
to make housing more affordable. Quick Response Funds of the National
Disaster Risk Reduction and
 Strengthen decentralization of Rehabilitation Management Council
housing and urban development (NDRRMC) or of its successor institution.
interventions. As prescribed under
the Local Government Code of 1991, Inventory of lands and cadastral surveys
LGUs shall be at the forefront of shall be fast-tracked to hasten the process
housing and urban development, with of identifying land for housing projects.
the support of the national The government will identify its idle land
government. The decentralization of assets for potential use in socialized
housing and urban development housing, as provided under
efforts shall be reinforced, especially on Memorandum Circular No. 87, s. 2015.
local shelter planning, CLUPs with a
ridge-to-reef approach, land  Implement risk-sensitive housing
acquisition and development, curbing programs and policies. To ensure
proliferation of informal settlers, and safety of the population against
implementation of a regional possible effects of disasters, strict
resettlement action plan. enforcement of policy prohibiting
settlements within areas with high
 Adopt viable land acquisition exposure to hazards shall be adopted
approaches and fast-track the particularly at the local. The
inventory of lands for socialized identification of housing and
housing development. The upscaling resettlement areas should be in
of land acquisition approaches aside appropriate land use, and will not
from land ownership (i.e., usufruct, encroach ECAs and conservation sites.
long-term lease, lease variants and land Adoption of disaster resilient housing
banking) shall be pursued to address designs shall also be encouraged. (Refer
the perennial problem of identifying to Chapter 20)
suitable land, particularly in urban
areas. This will also address  Strengthen partnerships with
affordability issues and hasten land stakeholders. The sector shall pursue
disposition for socialized housing. multi-stakeholder partnerships to
In areas frequently affected by disasters, ensure that local shelter plans are
the inventory of lands shall be the basis for linked with the National Resettlement
programs to incentivize people to move Plan. The government shall encourage
out of high risk areas. The housing public-private partnerships for
agencies shall propose scale up programs, housing projects and improve the

compliance of developers to the policy shelter provision towards safe and
of balanced housing development. The secure communities. A gender-
services of volunteers from the responsive CDD approach shall be
academe, corporate, non-government, promoted to involve the beneficiaries
and international organizations shall in the entire development process.
be harnessed in delivering social Such an approach will help increase
services, providing technical occupancy rates and efficiency in the
assistance, responding to disasters, and collection of housing loan
undertaking humanitarian efforts. amortization, improve estate
management, and ensure inclusive
 Adopt a community-driven access to and control of housing and
development (CDD) approach in human settlements and benefits.


Chapter 13
Reaching for the Demographic

Dividend
Demographic dividend is realized when birth rates decline such that the
working age population increases and the dependent population decreases,
thus creating a window of opportunity for government to direct resources to
economic development rather than to provide for the needs of the dependent
population. With a population concentrated at older working age groups, it is
possible for this population to accumulate assets for investment, thus
increasing national income. Such period of opportunity may last five
decades or more (about two generations).

Bicol’s population reached 5.8 million in basically young (Figure 13.1), with those
2015. It grew at an average of 1.3 percent below 19 years old comprising 49 percent
annually from 2010 to 2015, which is of the total population in 2010 (there is
lower than the average growth of 1.5 no single age population yet for 2015).
percent annually from 2000 to 2010. It is
Figure 13.1 Population Pyramid, Bicol Region, 2010

Bicol region’s age dependency ratio has Bicol has a high unmet need for spacing
been declining from 102.4 in 1975 to 74.9 and limiting children, which are higher
in 2010, which means that there are about than the national figures (Table 13.1).
74 dependents per 100 workers. A low Unmet need for family planning refers to
ratio means that those of the working productive women who are not using
age, and the overall economy face lesser contraception but who wish to postpone
burden in supporting the dependent the next birth or stop childbearing
young and aging population. altogether.

Table 13.1 Unmet Need for Spacing and Limiting, Bicol Region and Philippines:
2003-2013
UNMET PHILIPPINES BICOL

NEED
2003 2008 2011 2013 2003 2008 2011 2013
Total 17.3 22.3 19.3 17.5 23.7 32.2 25.1 27.4
Spacing 7.9 9.0 10.5 6.7 10.4 10.2 11.3 7.3
Limiting 9.4 13.4 8.8 10.8 13.4 22.0 13.8 20.2
Source: PSA

The rising incidence of teenage bear children more than their desired
pregnancies in the region is also a number. According to the 1998 National
concern. In 2014, Bicol region registered Demographic and Health Survey, rural
72 livebirths of young mothers below 15 women give birth to almost two children
years old, which more than doubled from more than urban women. While total
34 livebirths in 2011. Likewise, the fertility rate in urban areas declined by 15
region registered 12,628 livebirths of percent over the last five years from 3.5 to
young mothers between 15-19 years old, 3.0, total fertility rate among rural
which increased by four percent from women barely declined from 4.8 to 4.7.
12,194 livebirths in 2011. Some other factors that affect fertility rate
are nuptiality or union and sexual
Wanted and actual fertility rates in the intercourse, age of menarche,
region are also higher than the national contraception, socioeconomic status,
level (Table 13.2). Couples in the region gender and culture.


Table 13.2 Fertility Rates, Bicol and Philippines: 1993-2013
1993 2003 2008 2013

AREA
Wanted Actual Wanted Actual Wanted Actual Wanted Actual
Phil. 2.9 4.1 2.5 3.5 2.4 3.3 2.2 3.0
Bicol 3.5 5.9 2.6 4.3 2.5 4.1 2.6 4.1

Source: PSA

Assuming that the 4.1 fertility rate of the region can reach 10 million in 2060. The
Bicol region remains constant from 2010 comparative population pyramids in
to 2060, the population of the region can 2010 and 2060 are presented in Figure
reach more than 12 million in 2060. 13.2, assuming that fertility rate declines
However, if the fertility rate of 4.1 drops to 2.1.
to 2.1 in 2060, the population of the

Figure 13.2 Projected Population Pyramids, Bicol Region: 2010 and 2060 (Assuming
a 2.1 decline in fertility rate)
2010 2060

Demographic dividend does not result population, social, and economic policies
automatically when working age need to be in place to reach the
population increases relative to the demographic dividend.
dependent population. Appropriate

Strategic Framework
Maximizing gains from demographic rate reduced; and (b) investments in
dividends will contribute to increasing health and education of children and
growth potential or “Patuloy na Pag- youth increased to maximize the gains
unland” towards laying down the from the demographic window of
foundation for inclusive growth, a high- opportunity, where the working age
trust and resilient society, and a globally population comprises the bulk of the
competitive knowledge economy. By population age structure. Figure 13.3
2022, the following subsector outcomes presents the Strategic Framework to
should have been achieved: (a) fertility Maximize the Demographic Dividend.
Figure 13.3 Strategic Framework to Maximize the Demographic Dividend, 2017-2022

Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to live births of young mothers 15-19 years
reduce the (a) total fertility rate from 4 old. By 2022, there is zero unmet need for
percent to 2 percent, and (b) number of family planning.

Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve strategies include integration of
the subsector outcome to address the reproductive health education in
challenges presented above: curricular and extra-curricular modalities
in schools, communities, and workplaces.
Subsector Outcome: Gains from Social media and other online networks
demographic dividend maximized shall be used for responsible sexuality
education to reach out to various
 Sustain lower levels of fertility. The segments of young people.
RPRH Law shall be fully implemented.
This is to close the gap between the  Increase investments in health,
actual and desired number of nutrition, and education of children
children. Because the poor tend to and youth. To ensure a healthy labor
have more children, provision of force population, the government
family planning services shall be shall increase investments in health,
focused on the poor households in nutrition, and education of children
urban communities, GIDAs, including and youth. Children who are healthy
indigenous women. are more likely to be attentive in
school and make the most out of
Demand-generation strategies including educational opportunities. Health
advocacy for increased local government programs that provide immunization
counterpart resources and funding shall and prevent and treat common
be intensified to ensure improved access infections will help children to excel
of all Filipinos to the widest range of in school and become better workers.
family planning methods. The Good nutrition promotes cognitive
involvement of men, civil society and development among infants and
private sector organizations shall be children and sustains child health.
encouraged to mobilize all stakeholders Investments shall be increased to
in the promotion of universal access to improve education processes and
modern family planning methods. Proper outcomes, such as building more
birth spacing of three to five years shall schools and hiring of teachers. (Refer
be promoted to lower fertility levels and to Chapter 10)
increase the chances of women to
participate in the labor force and in  Put in place a comprehensive and
human resource formation activities. enabling social policy. A
comprehensive and enabling social
To address the rising incidence of policy shall be put in place to help
teenage pregnancy, strategies to increase young citizens avoid or at least
the age at first birth or maternal age shall recover from unfortunate
be anchored on the promotion of age- circumstances, as a result of wrong
appropriate and comprehensive sexuality choices or decisions or forced into a
education among adolescents. These situation, such as early marriage or

pregnancy, leaving school, repeat among the older population shall also
pregnancies, child illness, maternal be explored.
morbidity, informal work, insecurity
and displacement. Examples of such  The integration of population
policies are those against factors in all development
discrimination of young mothers in initiatives shall be strengthened.
school and single parents in the The use of population data shall be
workplace. Policies that would promoted, particularly in planning
reduce youth unemployment and interventions in health, education,
promote employment or productivity employment, infrastructure, and
economic development.


Chapter 14
Vigorously Advancing
Science, Technology, and
Innovation
Science, technology and innovation (STI) plays an important role in socio-
economic development. Technological advancement increases productivity
as new products, processes and methods, and innovation can come from
R&D which are then developed, verified, commercialized and adopted.
Science and technology also increasingly plays a vital role in managing
disasters and climate change. It has provided effective response to disasters
through timely information and early warning of potential hazards. However,
over the past decades science, technology, and R&D have not received the
proper attention which affected the country’s competitiveness.
Under the Pillar on “Patuloy na Pag-Unlad” or increasing potential for growth,

science, technology and innovation shall be promoted.

During the past plan period, the operational since 2014 to provide
government, through the DOST, SUCs, laboratory testing services to MSMEs and
and research consortia, implemented other stakeholders. The Unified
programs fostering technological Laboratory Information Management
progress and innovation. The SETUP of System (ULIMS), the backbone for the
the DOST has been successful in assisting OneLab, is serving as a portal of
MSMEs to develop technological information for DOST’s testing services
innovations to enhance productivity and and laboratories which will later integrate
competitiveness. The SETUP assisted the non-DOST laboratories of other
sector’s food processing, furniture, gifts, government agencies, SUCs, and private
housewares, decors, sector.
agriculture/marine/aquaculture, metals
and engineering, including those in the The DOST, through the PAGASA,
ICT, pharmaceutical, and health Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
products. Seismology (PHIVOLCS), and the
DOST-Advanced Science and
Another DOST program, the One Stop Technology Institute (ASTI), provided
Laboratory Services for Global the technology and management for
Competitiveness (OneLab), has been DRR. A systematic forecasting and

warning system was provided by developed complementary foods for
PHIVOLCS and PAGASA that helped infants.
key agencies and individuals on informed
decisions that saved lives and properties. The three S&T networks or consortia: the
The PHIVOLCS has monitored Bicol Consortium for Agriculture,
earthquake occurrences, volcanic Aquatic and Natural Resources Research
eruption, and tsunami detection, while and Development (BCAARRD); Bicol
PAGASA has monitored hydrological Consortium for Health Research and
phenomena, weather and climate Development (BCHRD); and Bicol
variability. The Nationwide Operational Consortium for Industry, Energy and
Assessment of Hazards (NOAH) was Emerging Technology Research and
launched and additional rain and water Development (BCIEERD) have remained
level monitoring system were installed to partners in STI. They serve as catalysts in
enhance forecasting accuracy. rural development through research and
extension services. Research ideas and
To develop STI, various scholarship recommendations of the research
programs were administered by DOST consortia were converted into tools used
that have drawn the interest of many by the communities to undertake
Bicolano graduating elementary and high income-generating activities. The
school students. Science and technology research consortia formulated strategies
events such as the Bicol Regional in the promotion and utilization of
Invention Contests and Exhibits (BRICE) research results and technologies in the
were conducted, gathering scientists, local industries. The BCIEERD, for
researchers, engineers, businessmen, example, was able to facilitate technology
students, NGOs, POs and other support for food and agriculture which
stakeholders. includes rootcrops washer, electronic
feeds formulator, and noodles from sweet
The Bicol Food Innovation and potato. The state universities and
Commercialization Center (BFICC) was colleges as members of the consortia,
established at the Bicol University conducted and promoted scientific and
providing the laboratory facilities for technical studies, extended appropriate
food safety and quality assurance. It knowledge, skills and technologies of
serves as hub for innovations, R&D, and practical and scientific application and
support services for the development of implemented income generating projects
processed foods. Funded by CHED and that meet the needs and demand of
DOST, additional equipment are needed various sectors to improve and sustain
to fully operationalize the center. the quality of life.
Complementary food processing facilities
were also established in various parts of The following challenges need to be
the region providing technology transfer addressed during the plan period:
and commercialization of DOST-Food
and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)  The need to increase research
innovation and productivity. There

are low outputs of knowledge and standard of the local and
technology in terms of the number of international market.
patents and intellectual property
rights, and published scientific and  The need to develop the culture of
technical journals. This may be due to STI. Public awareness on STI is a key
inadequate number of personnel to encourage the youth to pursue
involved in R&D, and insufficient science and technology disciplines.
funding for infrastructure support Education at an early age will play an
such as laboratories, testing facilities important role in changing the
and R&D centers. Researches from mindset of the younger generation
the laboratory or field need to be and building the culture of
translated into innovative practices creativeness and innovation. Research
and matured technology and the culture in universities needs to be
industry adopters are encouraged to strengthened and commercialization
adopt technological changes. of research results should be pursued.
STI needs to be mainstreamed in the
 The need to adopt technologies. government bureaucracy, adopting a
New technologies will help advance science-based plans and policy
the MSMEs, agriculture and fishery decisions.
sectors from the traditional to an
expanded operation. The MSMEs,  The need to strengthen partnership
farmers and fisherfolks have to be and innovation linkages. Partnership
equipped with the right tools and and innovation linkages should be
technology that will deliver efficiencies strengthened between HEIs and
and cost savings for them to create industries as technology generators
globally competitive products that and adopters, respectively.
meet the demand and the quality
Strategic Framework
Promoting and accelerating technology should have been achieved: (a) STI
adoption and stimulating innovation will mainstreamed; (b) technology transfer,
contribute to increasing potential for commercialization and utilization
growth or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” accelerated; (c) partnership and linkages
towards laying down the foundation for strengthened; and (d) capacity for
inclusive growth, a high trust and technology generation, acquisition and
resilient society, and a globally adoption enhanced. Figure 14.1 presents
competitive knowledge economy. By the Strategic Framework to Leverage
2022, the following subsector outcomes Science, Technology and Innovation.

Figure 14.1 Strategic Framework to Leverage Science, Technology and Innovation,
2017-2022
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to the R&D intensity (R&D

increase the government expenditure for expenditure/GRDP) from 0.07 percent in
R&D from PhP147 million in 2013, and 2013.
Strategies
The following strategies will help  Strengthen the policy and monitoring
achieve the subsector outcomes to framework. The implementation of the
address the challenges presented above: RA 10055 or the Philippine Technology
Transfer Act of 2009, RA 8293 or the
Subsector Outcome 1: Intellectual Property Code of the
Mainstreamed STI in the national Philippines, RA 7459 or the Inventors
and local agenda and Inventions Incentives Act of the

Philippines, and RA 8439 or the Magna Philippine Startup Economic Zone
Carta for Scientists, Engineers, shall be established to provide
Researchers and other S&T Personnel assistance in connecting startups with
in the Government shall be industry and potential markets.
strengthened.
 Establish innovation hubs. Food
 Foster the STI culture. The STI innovation centers, shared service
culture shall be integrated in the facilities, R&D centers, DRR-CCA hub,
curriculum of the K-12 program. The and technology business incubation
science, technology, engineering, and centers shall be established in strategic
math (STEM) courses and creative arts areas across the region.
shall be encouraged. The STI culture
shall be instilled to government Subsector Outcome 3:
officials for an effective decision Partnership and linkages
making. The DOST’s Philippine strengthened
Science High School scholarship
program, undergraduate scholarship  Strengthen government-academe-
program (under the Junior Level industry linkage. Collaboration among
Science scholarship) and the universities, R&D institutions,
Accelerated Science and Technology industry, and the government shall be
Human Resource Development strengthened. The Bicol R&D
Program shall be intensified. Committee of the RDC shall be
institutionalized to set the direction of
Subsector Outcome 2: the R&D agenda in the region. It shall
Technology transfer, be the governing body on research
commercialization and utilization services and science and technology in
accelerated the region to ensure that research
recommendations are converted into
 Adopt mechanisms for dissemination tangible tools that can be used for
and utilization of technology. All commercialization and utilization. A
government funding agencies, R&D regional research agenda shall be
institutions shall ensure that the formulated that is aligned with the
outputs are transformed into tangible priorities of the National Science and
products, processes and methods. Technology Plan. The three research
Technology business incubation in consortia (BCHRD, BCAARRD and
partnership with the private sector and BCIEERD) shall build stronger
research institutions shall be partnership with the industry sector.
established. The Startup Ecosystem The Balik Scientist Program shall be
Development Program of the DTI will strengthened, taking advantage of the
usher sustainable businesses and foster knowledge and skills of returning OFs.
linkages among MSMEs to strengthen International linkages shall be
collaborative networks within the promoted to create R&D partnership
ecosystem. At the national level, a and capability building activities.

Subsector Outcome 4: Capacity  Strengthen STI infrastructure.
for technology generation, High quality and accessible R&D
acquisition and adoption facilities and STI infrastructures shall
enhanced be increased. The disaster resilient
R&D and innovation centers shall be
 Formulate the R&D plan for the established, and the R&D facilities
region. The R&D plan shall set the and STI infrastructures of SUCs shall
direction and investments in R&D. be modernized. The ICT
The formulation of the R&D plan infrastructure shall be improved
shall be coordinated by the Bicol particularly on addressing the quality
R&D Committee, with the DOST as of internet connectivity and internet
lead. coverage. (Refer to Chapter 19) The
existing services of DOST shall be
 Increase the ability to develop new continued such as the OneLab and
products and processes. This can be standards and testing services. A
achieved by building the critical mass new Regional Standards and Testing
of STI human resource through Laboratory and Regional Metrology
continuous support to science and Laboratory shall be constructed by
technology scholarships such as DOST.
Specialized Science Secondary
Education, undergraduate and post  Improve DRR-CCA initiatives
graduate scholarships, and through STI. The DRR-CCA
specialized trainings. A competitive initiatives shall be enhanced by
working environment shall be in providing accurate weather forecast
place to motivate competent human using appropriate and effective
resource to remain in the country weather instruments and
and encourage Filipino experts technologies. Assessment of existing
working abroad to return and work risks shall be improved through the
in the country. use of modern technologies.

Chapter 15
Ensuring Sound
Macroeconomic Policy
A sound, stable and supportive macroeconomic environment is essential for
expanding economic opportunities and fostering sustained growth.
Macroeconomic stability encompasses sound fiscal policies, price stability,
sustainable current account on the balance of payments, sustainable debt
ratios, and a well-functioning real economy. A fiscal sector that is
responsible, strategic, and supportive of inclusive growth can boost the
economy and provide stable environment that is conducive to investments.
Monetary policy that ensures price stability with a stable and inclusive
financial sector can support growth and improve access to economic
opportunities. A strategic external trade policy regime enables Philippine
enterprises to successfully compete in global markets and provide
employment opportunities for Filipinos.
The Bicol Region shall contribute to the attainment of a sound and stable
macroeconomic environment to encourage investors to locate their
businesses in the region that will provide the much-needed employment
opportunities for the Bicolanos.

Local revenues. The total revenues Camarines Norte was the most improved
generated by the LGUs in the region province in terms of tax collection
amounted to PhP4.2 billion in 2016, an activities as shown in Table 15.1. Among
increase by 17 percent from last year. the cities, Naga had the highest collection
The LGUs’ sources of revenues were: (a) in 2016 but Sorsogon had the highest
real property tax at 28 percent of total increase in revenue from 2015. A good
revenues collected; (b) business tax at 27 performance of LGUs in revenue
percent; (c) fees and charges at 23 collection is one of the competitiveness
percent; and (d) income from economic measures on economic dynamism under
enterprises at 22 percent. Although the CMCI of the National
collection in Albay grew by only 17 Competitiveness Council. For two
percent, it had the largest revenue in 2016 consecutive years, Naga City ranked first
particularly from business tax and in economic dynamism and recognized
economic enterprises. This implies that as the most competitive independent city
the business sector in the province were in the entire country.
more robust compared to other
provinces. On the other hand, Efficient collection of taxes capacitates
Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound and Macroeconomic Policy 187

LGUs to provide the needed goods and shown in Table 15.2. Among the cities,
services to its constituents, and Ligao was the most IRA dependent city at
strengthen its support to development 90 percent with Naga City as the least
initiatives by other agencies of the IRA dependent city at 53 percent. Low
government and the private sectors to collection performance of LGUs
uplift the living condition of the people. translates to very high dependency on
Records show that, on the average, the IRA. The region’s LGUs have generally
province of Masbate had the highest IRA high IRA dependency ratio with 82
dependency ratio at 95 percent in 2014 percent on the average, hence, there is a
and had the lowest increase in revenue need to capacitate LGUs to enhance and
generation from 2015 to 2016. sustain their revenue collection, and thus,
Catanduanes and Camarines Norte were reduce IRA dependency.
the least dependent provinces on IRA as
Table 15.1 Total Revenues Collected by Source, by Province and City, Bicol Region:
2015 and 2016 (in P Million)
INCOME FROM
REAL FEES &
BUSINESS TAX ECONOMIC TOTAL REVENUES
PROVINCE/ PROPERTY TAX CHARGES
ENTERPRISES
CITY
%
2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2016
INC.
Albay 208 158 96 143 48 87 181 234 533 622 17
Cam.Norte 60 134 97 127 181 185 36 44 374 490 31
Cam.Sur 109 182 91 129 92 94 127 130 419 535 28
Catanduanes 56 85 28 38 45 44 62 78 191 245 28
Masbate 108 136 87 89 96 67 74 81 365 373 2
Sorsogon 47 59 33 30 225 283 55 60 361 432 20
Iriga City 17 25 21 32 11 10 26 27 76 94 24
Legazpi City 124 130 178 203 28 32 34 36 363 401 10
Ligao City 13 13 24 23 16 17 12 14 64 67 5
Masbate City 13 13 36 24 8 20 26 26 83 83 -
Naga City 200 209 223 265 50 65 127 144 600 683 14
Sorsogon
20 47 43 44 17 14 6 5 86 110 28
City
Tabaco City 30 25 24 28 11 11 14 15 79 79 -
Grand Total 1,005 1,216 981 1,175 828 929 780 894 3,594 4,214 17
Source: Bureau of Local Government Finance (BLGF) Region 5
OF remittances. The Philippines was ranging from eight percent to ten percent
able to cope up with global economic and it has kept the Philippine economy
shocks due to foreign exchange afloat in times of economic crisis. In
remittances. The share of remittances to addition, cash remittances from OFs
the Gross National Product (GNP) over amounted to US$ 25.8 billion or 15
the past ten years has been substantial, percent of the country’s GDP.

Challenges include the use of unregulated Negotiable Certificates of Deposit of OFs
channels for remittance due to high cost, by the Development Bank of the
stringent requirements and limited Philippines and Land Bank of the
financial inclusion, and absence of an Philippines; (c) promotion of
effective mechanism to maximize the microfinance to help channel remittances
gains from OF remittances. to rural households to invest in small
scale businesses; and (d) alternative
Government efforts for OFs consist of: savings and investment products for
(a) specialized investment products and OFWs offered by the Social Security
services offered by commercial banks; (b) System and Pag-IBIG Fund.
hedging program and Long-Term
Table 15.2 Dependency Ratio on Internal Revenue Allotment by Province and City,
PROVINCE/ CITY 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 AVE. (%)
Albay 85 91 92 92 91 90
Camarines Norte 88 86 86 87 84 86
Camarines Sur 86 95 96 97 94 94
Catanduanes 88 91 83 80 84 85
Masbate 96 95 94 95 94 95
Sorsogon 93 92 90 88 83 89
Iriga City 87 84 83 82 82 84
Legazpi City 67 66 61 59 60 63
Ligao City 93 93 91 89 86 90
Masbate City 86 85 2 89 86 70
Naga City 56 54 49 48 46 51
Sorsogon City 86 86 85 84 85 85
Tabaco City 85 79 82 80 84 82
Source: BLGF Region 5
Regional economy. The region’s continued to decline from 26 percent in

economy grew at an average rate of 5.8 2010 to 24 percent in 2015. The decline in
percent from 3.5 percent in 2010 to 8.4 AHFF was absorbed by the industry
percent in 2015 (Figure 15.1). Services sector which has been increasing since
accounted for the biggest share of the 2012. The economy recorded the fastest
region’s economy with an average share growth in 2012 and 2015 at 8.8 percent
of 56 percent over a six-year period, and 8.4 percent, respectively. The
followed by AHFF at 24 percent, and unprecedented growth in 2012 from 1.9
industry at 20 percent (Table 15.3). The percent in the previous year was brought
AHFF share to the total economy about by the remarkable 14.5 percent

growth of the industry sector from a 2.6 population, the 2.1 percent share in the
contraction in 2011. (Refer to Chapter 3) GDP is considerably insufficient to have a
In terms of GRDP per capita using significant dent in poverty reduction.
current prices, the region posted the Thus, the region is faced with a big
second lowest in 2015 at PhP46,000, only challenge of translating the economic
besting the Autonomous Region for gains to high paying jobs and higher per
Muslim Mindanao with PhP26,000. capita income to uplift the quality of life
With a 5.8 percent share in the national of the Bicolanos.
Figure 15.1 GRDP Growth Rate, Bicol Region: 2010-2015

(At Constant 2000 Prices, In Percent)
Source: PSA
Price situation. The movement of prices inflation rate remarkably declined which
in the region, as indicated by the was attributed to a five-month deflation
consumer price index (CPI), continued period from August to December as
to increase from 2011 to 2016 at an inflation rates fell below zero percent.
average of 136.9, as shown in Table 15.1. The months of September and October
This implies that consumer prices, on the registered the lowest level of prices of
average, have increased by 36.9 percent goods and services as deflation rate
from 2006. A CPI measures the change reached 0.8 percent. The existence of
in the average retail prices of a basket of deflation was a result of low oil prices
goods and services commonly purchased that translated to downward adjustment
by the households relative to the base to transport cost. This benefited the
year 2006. However, the rate of increase economy through an increase in
in prices, as measured by inflation rate, household real income brought about by
showed an irregular trend during the six- a decline in the cost of fuel and fuel-
year period. Inflation rate was at its related items that account for nearly nine
highest in 2014 which could be attributed percent of the CPI basket. The steep
to the increase in prices of commodity decline in oil prices also resulted to lower
items in the food basket when typhoon cost of production, resulting to an
Yolanda brought great damage to the oversupply of goods in the market, thus,
agriculture sector in 2013. In 2015, lowering the prices of goods and services.

In 2016, inflation rate averaged at 1.1 average, inflation rate in the region over a
percent from a negative 0.2 percent in seven-year period was only 3.2 percent
January to 3.2 percent in December. The while the purchasing power of peso
rise in inflation rate was due to a faster (PPP) was 0.73. A PPP of 0.73 means
increase in prices of food and non- that a peso in 2006 is only worth 73
alcoholic beverages, transportation cost, centavos in December 2016, and a buyer
and the so called “sin” products such as has to pay 27 centavos more to get the
alcohol drinks and tobacco. The increase same goods that can be bought with one
in prices could also be traced from the peso in 2006. The government should
decline in agricultural production due to take measures to manage a single digit
adverse weather condition. On the inflation rate.
Table 15.3 Consumer Price Index, Inflation Rate, and Purchasing Power of Peso,
Bicol Region: 2010-2016 (At Constant 2000 Prices, In Percent)
YEAR CPI INFLATION RATE PURCHASING POWER OF PESO
2010 123.1 4.00 0.81

2011 128.8 4.60 0.78
2012 132.4 2.80 0.76
2013 137.0 3.50 0.73
2014 144.2 5.30 0.69
2015 145.6 1.00 0.69
2016 147.2 1.10 0.68
Average 136.9 3.19 0.73
Source: PSA
Financial Inclusion. The BSP defined growth should be given access to

financial inclusion as a state wherein financing as they are the sector that
there is effective access to a wide range of generate the most number of jobs at the
financial services for all. The BSP local level. On the other hand, inclusive
reported that some evidence indicates growth could only be attained if the
that access to basic financial services such marginalized and most vulnerable sector
as savings, payments, and credit make a of the society – the subsistence farmers
positive difference in people’s lives. It is and fisherfolks, will be extended with
important not only to the business sector financial assistance through micro
but to every household as well. Financial financing.
sector plays a vital role in improving the
well-being of the poor, particularly the Access to financial services, however,
small farmers and fisherfolks, and the remains an important challenge
growth of MSMEs. The growing number especially at the local level. While there is
and significant role of MSMEs in a sustained increase in the number of
spurring national and regional economic banks and ATMs, the distribution is

highly skewed towards highly populous Access to financing is also hindered by
and urbanized areas as shown in Tables the stringent requirements by some
15.2 and 15.3. As of December 2016, the financial institutions and even
Bicol region has a total of 422 banks government banks that require
classified as universal or commercial collaterals, feasibility studies and other
banks (33%); thrift banks (20%); and documents. Effective access does not
rural and cooperative banks (47%). Of only mean that there are financial
this total, 160 banks (38%) are located in products and services that are available
Camarines Sur, of which 73 percent are but these products and services must be
in Naga City, eight percent in Iriga City, appropriately designed and relevant to
and the rest are distributed in the benefit the person or enterprise accessing
different municipalities of the province. the said service. Report from BSP
There are 116 banks (27%) located in showed that there were only 15 banks
Albay, distributed in Legazpi City (41%); that granted loans through microfinance
Ligao City (6%); Tabaco City (14%); and to 30,289 borrowers amounting to
the rest are located in the different PhP296 million in 2016.
municipalities of the province. Masbate
has 48 banks, 15 of which are in Masbate Access to financing can be measured by
City; Sorsogon has 44 banks and 23 are the loans to deposits ratio (LDR). Loans
located in Sorsogon City; Camarines to deposits ratio is used in determining
Norte has 39 banks; and Catanduanes has the amount of money that a bank has
15 banks (Table 15.4). There were 399 granted versus the amount of current
ATMs distributed in the different deposits on hand at that same time.
provinces of the region as shown in Table Table 15.6 shows that Camarines Sur had
15.5. Most of these ATMs are located in the highest LDR in 2016 followed by
the cities and urban municipalities. Albay, Camarines Norte, Catanduanes,
Forty-one percent are located in Masbate and Sorsogon. This implies that
Camarines Sur, of which, 43 percent are banks in Camarines Sur may be earning
in Naga City; eight percent in Iriga City, more than those in other provinces as
and the rest are in the different money deposited by their clients are
municipalities of the province. Second being loaned out at higher rates. The
with the highest number of ATMs is LDR also indicates if money is available
Albay (33%), followed by Masbate, to finance viable investments that will
Sorsogon, Camarines Norte and create jobs in the area. Banks, however,
Catanduanes. The concentration of banks also maintain a manageable LDR – if the
in the urban areas translates to a disparity ratio is too high, the banks might not
in the provision and distribution of have enough liquidity to cover any
financial services and which also affect unforeseen funding requirements or
the accessibility of financing in rural areas economic crises. It is a commonly used
where financial assistance is needed most. statistics for assessing a bank's liquidity.13
13
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan-deposit_ratio

Table 15.4 Number of Banks by Type, by Province and City, Bicol Region:
2010-2016
PROVINCE/CITY 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Albay NDA NDA 88 95 104 108 116
Legazpi City NDA NDA 36 39 41 43 48
Ligao City NDA NDA 7 6 6 6 7
Tabaco City NDA NDA 14 14 15 16 16
Camarines Norte NDA NDA 30 32 36 37 39
Camarines Sur NDA NDA 121 144 147 152 160
Naga City NDA NDA 53 62 63 65 69
Iriga City NDA NDA 7 8 8 10 13
Catanduanes NDA NDA 10 12 12 13 15
Masbate NDA NDA 36 34 40 41 48
Masbate City NDA NDA 13 13 14 15 15
Sorsogon NDA NDA 30 36 41 44 44
Sorsogon City NDA NDA 18 21 23 24 23
Region 5 271 281 315 353 380 395 422
By Type of Bank
Universal/Commercial banks 100 102 104 120 134 138 139
Thrift Banks 40 40 44 56 64 75 85
Rural & Cooperative banks 131 139 141 177 182 182 198
Source: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) Legazpi City
Table 15.5 Number of Automated Teller Machines by Province and City,

PROVINCE/CITY 2012 2013 2014 2015
Albay 91 108 121 130
Legazpi City 59 71 79 86
Ligao City 5 5 5 5
Tabaco City 14 15 17 17
Camarines Norte 19 24 30 33
Naga City 72 89 94 102
Iriga City 11 11 11 12
Catanduanes 8 8 11 14
Masbate 15 18 23 26
Masbate City 15 18 23 24
Sorsogon 18 25 28 32
Sorsogon City 14 19 20 22
Region 5 261 320 362 399
Source: BSP Legazpi City

Table 15.6 shows that Albay exhibited the decline in the amount of money loaned
highest increase in the amount of loans out in 2016. In terms of deposits, banks
granted, followed by Masbate, Camarines in Sorsogon and Catanduanes recorded
Norte, Camarines Sur and Catanduanes. the highest increase, followed by
This may be attributed to low interest Camarines Norte, Albay, Camarines Sur,
environment in the region which and Masbate. It was observed that
attracted more borrowers to avail of loans provinces with higher rate of increase in
from banks in these provinces. Most of the amount of loans have lower increase
these borrowers were in construction in deposits.
business. Banks in Sorsogon showed a
Table 15.6 Amount of Loans and Deposits by Province, Bicol Region: 2014-2016
LOANS TO DEPOSIT
LOANS (PhP million) DEPOSITS (PhP million)
RATIO (in percent)
PROVINCE
2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016 2014 2015 2016
Albay 8,475 8,874 12,846 32,177 36,940 41,928 26 24 31

Camarines Norte 1,988 2,354 2,976 7,505 8,627 10,086 26 27 30
Camarines Sur 12,458 13,938 15,206 30,607 35,290 40,261 41 39 38
Catanduanes 1,107 1,077 1,164 2,943 3,510 4,157 38 31 28
Masbate 1,140 1,416 1,947 5,814 7,441 8,311 20 19 23
Sorsogon 1,882 1,740 1,267 6,612 8,003 9,408 28 22 13
Region 5 27,050 29,398 35,407 85,658 99,811 114,151 32 29 31

Figure 15.2 Amount of Loans and Deposits by Province, Bicol Region: 2014-2016
Chart Title
50
40
30
20
10
-
(10)
(20)
(30)
(40)
Cam. Catanduan
Albay Cam. Sur Masbate Sorsogon
Norte es
Increase in Loans (%) 2014-2015 5 18 12 (3) 24 (8)
Increase in Loans (%) 2015-2016 45 26 9 8 38 (27)
Increase in Deposits (%) 2014-2015 15 15 15 19 28 21
Increase in Deposits (%) 2015-2016 14 17 14 18 12 18

Strategic Framework
Implementing strategic trade and fiscal 2022, the following subsector outcomes
policy, maintaining macroeconomic should have been achieved: (a) a
stability, and promoting competition will responsible, strategic, and supportive
contribute to reducing inequality or fiscal sector; (b) a resilient and inclusive
“Pagbabago” and increasing potential monetary and financial sector; and (c) a
growth or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” strategic external trade policy regime.
towards laying down the foundation for Figure 15.3 presents the Strategic
inclusive growth, a high trust and Framework to Ensure Sound
resilient society, and a globally Macroeconomic Policy.
competitive knowledge economy. By
Figure 15.3 Strategic Framework to Ensure Sound Macroeconomic Policy, 2017-2022

Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets a and services from 7.5 percent in 2015.
gross regional development product By 2022, the region has maintained a
growth rate of 11.2 percent in 2022 single digit inflation rate, and the
from 8.4 percent in 2015. It targets average internal revenue allotment of
higher growth rates in: (a) AFF from dependency ratio of all LGUs has
negative 2.3 percent in 2015; (b) declined.
industry from 23.7 percent in 2015;
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve into joint-venture agreements with the
the subsector outcomes to address the private sector in the implementation
challenges presented above: of local development initiatives.
Subsector Outcome 1:  Promote OFs investments. Pre-

Responsible, Strategic and departure and pre-migration
Supportive Fiscal Sector orientation seminars can be useful
tools to instill the proper investment
 Capacitate LGUs to enhance revenue spirit among OFs and their families.
collection. The LGUs need to More in-depth financial literacy and
maximize their fiscal autonomy or entrepreneurship initiatives shall be
their own revenue-raising powers undertaken by the government
granted to them by the Local (agencies and local government unit)
Government Code of 1991. The to encourage OFs and their families to
dependence on IRA is a result of the save and invest. Putting up of rural
absence of a tax base for local revenue and agri-based enterprises shall be
generation in most LGUs. Among the encouraged in the region for returning
potential measures are (a) overseas Filipinos.
professionalization of local treasurers
through Standardized Examination  Support the amendments to the
and Assessment for Local Treasury Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) Law.
Service Program; (b) updating key There is a need to update the BOT
local finance manuals to take into Law to address the various issues at
account developments in local each stage of the project cycle, from
finance; (c) intensifying LGU fiscal entry level to project implementation
monitoring and performance and completion. Specifically, this
evaluation through standardized action aims to improve the process of
reporting tools and metrics; (d) project appraisal, contract
establishing the idle land inventory management, and management of
and imposing the idle land tax in all contingent liabilities.
LGUs; and (e) enjoining the LGUs to
comply with Local Government Code Subsector Outcome 2: Resilient
requirements concerning local and inclusive monetary and
revenue base. financial sectors
 Encourage the private sector to Monetary Policy

engage in public-private partnership
schemes. This will free up the fiscal  Maintain flexible inflation. The
space so that government resources government shall ensure that the
can be used for other public goods and inflation environment remains stable
services. LGUs are authorized to enter and consistent with the evolving

domestic price dynamics and particularly on the backward and forward
sustained economic growth objectives. linkages to both the domestic and
international markets, spur the
Financial Policy production of higher value added goods
and services, diversify products and
 Strengthen the effectiveness of
markets, as well as provide opportunities
financial inclusion. Initiatives shall
for growth of enterprises.
focus on the efficient delivery of
microfinancing and micro-insurance  Expand market access and diversify
products and services for Filipinos export products and markets.
including those who are living abroad. Advocacy and capacity-building
These initiatives shall include various programs to encourage businesses,
economic and financial literacy especially MSMEs, to maximize export
activities that will be undertaken to opportunities and increase utilization
encourage their participation in of preferential trading agreements
economic governance and harness the shall be continued. Support programs
investment potential of OF to enable MSME exporters to graduate
remittances towards innovative to higher levels shall also be put in
financial instruments such as personal place. Comprehensive support
equity and retirement funds or packages (e.g., SSF) shall be provided
insurance products. These shall be to priority sectors with comparative
complemented by the creation of advantage.
mechanisms that will cater to their
financial needs.  Intensify marketing and promotion
of Bicol goods and services.
 Promote efficiency and innovation Promotion of Bicol high-quality goods
in microfinance. Microfinance and services shall be intensified to
services such as credit access of increase their presence in the
MSMEs and farmers and fisherfolks international market. Promotion and
cooperatives shall be broadened. For marketing activities shall include
microcredit to reach its full potential, participation to domestic and
credit bureaus, and movable collateral international trade fairs, sustained
registries shall be developed and brand awareness campaign programs,
strengthened. building partnerships to feature Bicol,
Philippines-made products, use of
Subsector Outcome 3: Strategic social media platforms, among others.
external trade policy regime
 Explore new markets for Bicol
The government will focus on providing
exports. Maximize opportunities in
support and promoting products where
Asia and link with emerging markets,
the region and the country have
which are expected to grow over the
comparative advantage and the potential
long-term.
for competitive advantage. The region
shall support the external trade policy

 Increase the competitiveness of Prioritize continued training for
Bicol exports. Minimize the cost of skills needed for higher value services
production and delivery of goods and to be able to diversify services
services through reforms. Continue exports. The region shall focus on
efforts to ease the cost of doing the improvement of its tourism-
business. Bicol exporters shall be related services. (Refer to Chapters 9
encouraged to continue improving and 10)
their products through product
development and packaging, among  Enhance resiliency against climate
others. change. This shall be done by
developing policies to ensure
 Encourage and support innovation business continuity and mitigate
in the region’s export-oriented risks to businesses or enterprises
industries through investments. during disasters. (Refer to Chapter
Innovation enhances the capacity of 20)
exporters to catch up with higher
levels of technology, meet  Provide adequate infrastructure
international quality standards and
and logistical support. This aims to
product specifications, boost
achieve connectivity and ensure
productivity, and facilitate the
efficient flow of goods and services
production of higher value-added
domestically and internationally, as
products. Focus areas shall include
well as lower the cost of production
(a) R&D for agricultural products
and delivery. Formulate both the
and services with high demand in the
transport and logistics network plan
world market, and (b) quality
and information and communication
packaging materials that use locally-
technology plan. These will
sourced materials. (Refer to Chapter complement the efforts to link the
14) sectors with more markets to
improve their competitiveness. (Refer
 Develop human resources and to Chapter 19)
improve institutional structures.
Policy Action
The following policy actions shall be strengthen the effectiveness of identified
supported by the Bicol RDP 2017-2022 to strategies:

Table 15.7 Legislative Agenda to Sustain a Sound, Stable and Supportive
Macroeconomic Environment, 2017-2022
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE

Fiscal Sector
Comprehensive Tax Reform Amend certain sections of the National Internal Revenue Code of 1997
Program to achieve a simpler, fairer, and efficient tax system.
Institutionalize the Improve the transparency in revenue payments and sharing in the
Extractive Industry mining, oil and gas industries.
Transparency Initiative
Unified Pension Reform Bill Arrest the large and unsustainable fiscal impact of the ballooning
pension requirements of the military and uniformed personnel.
Government Rightsizing Bill Promote effectiveness and efficiency in government operations to

ensure the quality of public service that is responsive to the changing
needs of the population.
Budget Reform Bill Institutionalize good PFM practices which include: (a) shift to cash-
based budgeting from the current obligation basis; (b) reducing the
validity of appropriations to one year from the current two years, etc.
Real Property Valuation and Institute reforms in real property valuation and assessment in the
Assessment Reform Act Philippines.
LGU Income Classification Institute the income classification of provinces, cities and
Bill municipalities, and for other purposes.
LGU Property Insurance Bill Amends RA 656 (Property Insurance Law) to make it mandatory for all
LGUs to insure its properties (e.g. buildings, roads, bridges, plants,
machineries and equipment).
Amendments of the Local Amend (a) expenditure assignment; (b) revenue assignment and LGU
Government Code of 1981 taxing powers; (c) inter-governmental fiscal transfer; (d) credit financing
for LGUs; (e) inter-LGU cooperation through alliances; (f) creation of
new LGUs; and (g) local fiscal administration.
Financial and Monetary Sector
Proposed amendments to Expand and improve the operations of BSP.

the BSP Charter14
14
These include (a) increased capitalization; (b) authority to issue negotiable certificates of indebtedness; (c) authority to establish
reserves against open market operation costs and foreign exchange fluctuations; (d) tax exemption; (e) authority to require data and
information from the non-bank private sector; (f) removal of the thresholds in the growth of monetary aggregates and credits; (g)
formal recognition of financial stability as a BSP mandate and as a shared responsibility with other government agencies; and (h)
oversight of the payment and settlement systems.
Enactment of the Payment Promote the digitization and interoperability among payment systems
Systems Act including the supervisory oversight of the BSP.
Amendments to the Anti- Expand its organization and transactions coverage, including granting
Money Laundering Act additional powers.
Enactment of Islamic Strengthen the Al-Amanah Bank, while promoting both the
Banking establishment of other Islamic banks and engagement in Islamic
banking arrangements under the supervision and regulation of the BSP.
Amendment to the Exempt government officials and employees, whether elected or

provisions of RA 1405 (Law appointed from the coverage of the Bank Secrecy Law.
on Secrecy of Bank
Deposits) and RA 6426
(Foreign Currency Deposit
Act)
Filipino Identification Pursue a national identification system for effective delivery of

System Act government services.
Secured Transactions Bill Establish a comprehensive legal framework on lending transactions

involving personal property as collateral.
Enactment of the Collective Anticipate participation of middle-to-low-income individuals in CIS

Investment Schemes (CIS) opportunities.
Law
External Trade Sector
Key legislative measures that will promote and support the sector will be supported including those
proposing the streamlining of export and import procedures and reduction of import and licensing fees.

Chapter 16
Leveling the Playing Field

The national competition policy aims to protect the consumers by giving them
more choices of quality goods and services at lower prices. It seeks to level
the playing field by prohibiting anti-competitive agreements among business
players, abuses of firms who dominate the market, and mergers and
acquisitions that limit and restrict competition.
With the dawn of borderless economy, the name of the game is globalization
which leads to the reduction of trade barriers worldwide, thus opening wide the
marketplace for local products. To be able to compete with foreign firms, there
is a need to enhance the competitive behavior and technical efficiency of our
industries. To do this, the government has started laying the groundwork for
promoting competition – an essential element to make the individual markets
work efficiently to make them compete with foreign firms better. It also
provides opportunities for individuals to enter the marketplace and start new
businesses, thus, stimulate investments that will create quality jobs for the
people. Competition not only reduces the need for government regulation of
business but it also promotes inclusive economic growth as it benefits the
consumers, particularly the marginalized sector of our society,
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 supports market competition and the

implementation of RA No. 10667 or the Philippines Competition Act (PCA)
which was signed into law by President Aquino on July 21, 2015. The PCA
provides for the formulation of a National Competition Policy (NCP) which aims
to steer regulations and administrative procedures of government agencies
toward promoting competition, as well as strengthen the enforcement of anti-
trust laws and effectively ensure competitive neutrality. It specifically provides
for the creation of the Philippine Competition Commission (PCC) which will
conduct inquiries, investigate, hear, and decide on cases involving anti-
competitive arrangements, abuse of dominant position, and anti-competitive
mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Competition law and the corresponding
mechanism to enforce it is an essential component of a national competition
policy.

The region’s contribution to the economic dynamism, government
improvement of the country’s efficiency, and infrastructure.
competition environment is its
participation to the Cities and Sustaining the competitive environment
Municipalities Competitiveness Index at the local level. The increasing number
(CMCI). The CMCI measures LGUs’ of participating LGUs signifies a higher
competitiveness based on the three pillars: level of interest and awareness on the

importance of being measured and a need to sustain the commitment of the
stronger commitment to improve LGU local chief executives and establish
performance on the three pillars of systems to monitor or track the
competitiveness. The National innovations to enhance competitiveness
Competitiveness Council (NCC), the of the LGUs.
same agency that tracks the country’s
ranking on the Global Competitiveness The Bicol region has been an active
Index (Table 16.1), believes that the LGUs participant to the CMCI since it started in
are the building blocks of national 2013. Out of 163 participating
competitiveness. The partner of the NCC municipalities in the country, Daet,
in the Bicol region is the Bicol Regional Camarines Norte ranked fourth in 2013,
Competitiveness Committee tasked to and emerged as the most competitive
regularly assess LGUs in the region based municipalities in 2014. However, in the
on the local competitiveness indicators; succeeding years, Daet was not able to
formulate programs to improve maintain its rank. On the other hand,
competitiveness; and engage in Naga City started from the ninth place in
investment promotion activities to attract 2013, third in 2014, and was able to secure
investors and create new jobs. By its position as the overall most
developing competitive LGUs across the competitive component city in two
nation, the NCC is optimistic that this consecutive years. Legazpi City improved
would contribute to the overall in ranking from 15th place in 2015 to third
attractiveness of the country as a preferred place in 2016 joining Naga City in the top
place to do business - more competitive three most competitive component cities
cities and municipalities mean more in the country.
competitive Philippines. Thus, there is a
Table 16.1. Global Competitiveness Index Rankings of Nine ASEAN Member States
BUSINESS DYNAMISM PRODUCT MARKET EFFICIENCY MARKET SIZE

Country Rank Country Rank Country Rank
Singapore 12 Singapore 1 Indonesia 10
Malaysia 21 Malaysia 12 Thailand 18
Brunei D. 56 Thailand 37 Malaysia 24
Viet Nam 76 Indonesia 58 Philippines 31
Philippines 86 Brunei D. 68 Viet Nam 32
Thailand 93 Lao PDR 72 Singapore 37
Indonesia 98 Cambodia 76 Cambodia 86
Lao PDR 129 Viet Nam 81 Lao PDR 108
Cambodia 131 Philippines 99 Brunei D. 116
Source: PDP 2017-2022
Consolidation and management of data. with the different departments, thus

The repository of data at the LGU level are making consolidation and analysis a feat

to counter. The lack of personnel or unit of appreciation on the importance of data
that will handle data management is by some LCEs. Local data and information
further exacerbated by fast turn-over or are one of the first considerations of some
transition of personnel at the LGU level. investors in their decision making for
This could be attributed to seemingly lack investment.
Strategic Framework
Improving consumer welfare and market following subsector outcomes should have
efficiency will contribute to reducing been achieved: (a) LGUs competitiveness
inequality or “Pagbabago” and increasing improved; (b) anti-competitive practices
potential growth or “Patuloy na Pag- diminished; (c) barriers to entry reduced;
unlad” towards laying the foundation for and (d) limits to entrepreneurship
inclusive growth, a high trust and resilient reduced. Figure 15.1 presents the
society, and a globally competitive Strategic Framework to Level the Playing
knowledge economy. By 2022, the Field.
Figure 16.1. Strategic Framework to Level the Playing Field, 2017-2022

Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to annual Cities and Municipalities
increase the number of competitive cities Competitiveness Index survey of the
and municipalities in the top 20 of the National Competitiveness Council.
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve in managing the data and information
the subsector outcomes to address the at the LGU level using information
challenges presented above: technology. A system for
competitiveness indicators used in the
Subsector Outcome 1: LGUs annual CMCI survey shall be developed.
competitiveness improved
The strategies in the PDP 2017-2022 that
 Strengthen institutional and technical will be supported by the Bicol RDP are:
capacity of LGUs. Developing
competitive LGUs across the nation will Subsector Outcome 2: Anti-
contribute to the overall attractiveness competitive practices diminished
of the country as a preferred place to do
business - more competitive cities and  Provide inputs in the review of anti-
municipalities mean more competitive competitive legislation and policies.
Philippines. Capacity building activities The Bicol RDC shall pass resolutions, as
for LGUs shall be conducted to attain necessary, to support any anti-
economic dynamism, government competitive legislation and policies that
efficiency, and infrastructure require actions from the executive and
development. The ease of doing legislative branches.
business in the locality shall be
promoted among LGUs. The annual  The Project Repeal shall be
CMCI survey of the NCC shall be disseminated to all agencies of the
supported with legislation from the government and the private sector to
local “sanggunian” to sustain the better understand the importance of
participation of LGUs in the what the government is doing to
competitiveness activities. A focal provide an environment conducive to
person for the annual CMCI survey investments. Too much regulations can
shall be appointed and shall report dampen economic development and
directly to the office of the mayor. competition, thus, the project aims to
repeal unnecessary regulations to
 Improve LGUs data management and reduce barriers to entry and stimulate
information system. Each LGU shall more competition. Restrictions on
have a unit under the office of the local competition will be kept only if they are
chief executive who shall be responsible consistent with public interest.

 Analyze competition issues in the  Promote competition-related
region’s priority sectors. In policies and best practices. The
addressing market competition issues, promotion of market competition is a
government shall prioritize sectors cross-cutting concern that affects all
where the largest impact on consumer consumers and producers regardless of
welfare and market efficiency are size. Activities shall also be conducted
expected. Specific sectors shall be to build awareness of competition-
identified at the regional and local related policies and best practices and
levels. In selecting priority sectors, the help consumers better comprehend the
government shall consider terms of services offered by firms. This
improvement in the variety and quality could be part of the advocacy programs
of goods and services that are essential of the different agencies.
to poverty reduction, generation of
new livelihood and employment Subsector Outcome 4: Limits to
opportunities, spillover effects on entrepreneurship reduced
other sectors in the economy, and
indications of lack of competition.  Institutionalize a mechanism for
implementing the NCP. The
Subsector Outcome 3: Barriers to government will uphold the principle
entry reduced of competitive neutrality and adopt
policies that establish a level playing
 Support the PCC in the conduct of field where GOCCs and firms compete.
investigation and agreements that The NCP will also provide guidelines
may substantially prevent, restrict, or for government agencies that issue
lessen competition. The enforcement rules and regulations that hamper
of the PCA required the potentially competition.
anti-competition behavior while
maintaining an environment where Meanwhile, a responsive regulatory
business can compete on a level playing management system will be
field. institutionalized to monitor impact,
ensure cohesiveness, and improve the
The impact of firms’ actions on market quality and flexibility of government
efficiency, competition, and consumer regulatory frameworks. A whole-of-
welfare shall be quantified. This government approach to regulatory
information will be useful to the public as reform will be implemented in reducing
well as policymakers in understanding the the burdens imposed by regulations,
seriousness of the competition problems ensuring that no new anticompetitive laws
in certain sectors and of the benefits that and regulations are passed, and
can be derived from inhibiting anti- institutionalizing transparency in the
competitive practices. regulatory management processes.

Policy Action
The region shall support the enactment of complement the national competition
the following policy actions to policy:
Table 16.2. Legislative Agenda to Level the Playing Field through a National
Competition Policy, 2017-2022
Amended Public Ease or lift restrictions on foreign investments in certain industries by

Service Act amending or repealing provisions that limit foreign participation in
certain economic activities. Subsequently, this will amend the Foreign
Investments Negative List, to encourage foreign direct investments
(FDI). Higher FDI boosts economic growth, fosters more competition,
facilitates technology transfer, generates more jobs, and provides
wider choices for consumers.
Regulatory The government will push for the passage of a new law on regulatory
Management System management system to establish a more competitive and coherent
Act regulatory environment. A central body will be created to ensure that
there is an evidence-based approach to formulating laws, rules, and
regulations.

Chapter 17
Attaining Just and Lasting

Peace
A just, protected and peaceful environment begets an inclusive economic
progress. Lasting peace, being one of the top priorities of the government, is
crucial for sustainable development growth. However, conflict-affected
communities are evident in far flung areas, particularly where development
efforts are not felt. People in these areas are poor, with very low access to
basic services such as health and education, lack employment or livelihood
opportunities and are isolated due to poor infrastructure access. The lives of
these families are disrupted due to constant plight whenever peace and order
situation is unstable or threatened. Doing business is not only unsafe but
obtaining and securing property rights for commercial interest also prove to
be a challenge.
The government has been relentless in its pursuit to attaining unprejudiced

and enduring peace. Intensified peace building initiatives and development
efforts in conflict-affected and conflict-vulnerable communities have been
carried out unwaveringly. While peacekeeping achievements have been noted
over the years, much more remains to be done.

The region revels in the benefits of At the national level, the peace
improved peace and order environment as negotiations with the Communist Party of
conflict-affected barangays were reduced the Philippines-New People’s Army-
to 136 in 2016 from 320 in 2011. While National Democratic Front (CPP-NPA-
gains have been achieved, efforts to fully NDF) has collapsed. After seven years of
attain just and lasting peace for the entire standoff, all efforts to facilitate the revival
region have to be strengthened and and resumption of formal peace talks
sustained. Public confidence, trust, and between the government and CPP-NPA-
support to government programs and the NDF in 2011, was hampered by the
overall peace process should be restored postponement of peace talks as requested
and maintained. People participation and by the NDF when the government deemed
the convergence of all key players in the it unacceptable and refused to give in to
peace process to combat divisiveness and their demands to release from prison the
intra-group conflicts should be alleged NDF Consultants who are all high-
continuously pursued for the successful ranking CPP or NPA officers.
implementation of all peace agreements.

In the Bicol region, the improvement in anchored on the National Internal
the peace and security situation is Security Plan (NISP) which includes
attributed to the implementation of the construction of school buildings by army
peace building and development track engineers, joint medical and dental
programs that support the conflict- outreach program, memorandum of
affected communities. The agreements among Philippine Ports
implementation of Payapa at Authority (PPA), Philippine Coast Guard
Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA) (PCG), Maritime Industry
program in identified conflict-affected Authority(MARINA), PNP and ship
areas includes social protection packages, owners for security of ports, destruction of
community driven development projects, guerilla logistics, and deployment and
and capacity building for local maintenance of local troops in remaining
governments. The sub-regional conflict stricken areas. Moreover, the
development interventions under the NISP is translated into the continuous
PAMANA have positive impacts to the implementation of the Kabit Bisig Laban
lives of the Bicolanos such as barangay sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive Integrated
road projects as they did not only enable Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI)
the beneficiaries to transport their program which also comprises
produced goods to markets and provide community-driven development projects.
access to education and employment, but
they also mitigated and combat the With the varying degree of difficulty in
re/infiltration of lawless elements. clearing the affected barangays, the
remaining two provinces, Masbate and
Efforts to lessen, if not completely Sorsogon, are targeted to be declared as
eliminate, the root causes of insurgency in Conflict Manageable and Ready for
the Bicol region have been ceaselessly Further Development (CMRFD) before
pursued by the AFP. The AFP Triad end of the planning period. The support
operations inclusive of the combined from the LGUs through the peace and
intelligence, operations, and civil military order councils is needed to facilitate the
operations (CMO) were deliberately done peacekeeping programs, projects and
nonstop in conflict-prone areas. activities.
Promotion of the Comprehensive Local
Integration Program (CLIP) of the Intensified peace building efforts have to
national government was implemented to be sustained in conflict-affected and
help eradicate the lawless elements (LLE) vulnerable communities to further reduce
in the mass base, as well as the continuous or eliminate insurgency and lawless
implementation of security awareness elements. For a peaceful and secured
program by both AFP and the PNP which living environment, zero number of
are key to sustain just and lasting peace. conflict-affected barangay remains to be a
priority.
Other counter-insurgency measures in
conflict-stricken barangays were

Strategic Framework
Attaining just and lasting peace will subsector outcomes should have been
contribute to enhancing the social fabric achieved: (a) peace agreements with all
or “Malasakit”; reducing inequality or internal armed conflict groups are
“Pagbabago”; and increasing growth successfully negotiated and implemented;
potential or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” and (b) communities in conflict-affected
towards laying down the foundation for and conflict-vulnerable areas are
inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient protected and developed. Figure 17.1
society, and a globally competitive presents the Strategic Framework to
economy. By 2022, the following Attain Just and Lasting Peace.
Figure 17.1 Strategic Framework to Attain Just and Lasting Peace, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve  Accelerate signing and
the subsector outcomes to address the implementation of peace accords
challenges presented above: with communist insurgents. It is
imperative that peace negotiations
Subsector Outcome 1: Peace process between the government and
agreements with all internal the CPP-NPA-NDF be accelerated
armed conflict groups towards the signing of the final peace
successfully negotiated and agreement. A high-level of confidence
implemented
between the two panels is relatively assistance and livelihood assistance shall
important to be ensured, as well as be provided. Firearms remuneration,
public confidence, trust and support be healing and reconciliation initiatives, and
maintained. More so, inclusivity and other assistance such as capacity building,
transparency on peace agreements skills training, provision of shelter and
being deliberated must be guaranteed. legal assistance, etc., shall be continued.
Furthermore, the integration of former
The final peace agreement between the combatants shall be addressed by focusing
government and the CPP-NPA-NDF not only on their connection to
which comprises the remaining mainstream society, but their total healing
substantive peace talk agenda inclusive of and reconciliation with their
the socioeconomic reforms, political and communities.
constitutional reforms, and the end of
hostilities and disposition of forces, shall Subsector Outcome 2: Protect
lead to the significant decrease, if not and develop communities in
complete elimination of insurgency conflict-affected and conflict-
particularly in Bicol region. Thus, a vulnerable areas
positive environment towards the
accelerated signing of the Final Peace  Rationalize, coordinate and monitor
Agreement between the government and the delivery and implementation of
the CPP-NPA-NDF shall be established peace-promoting and catch-up
and maintained to end the armed conflict socioeconomic development
in the region. The convergence of all key programs and interventions in
players in the peace process to combat conflict areas. Presence of
intra-group conflicts shall be pursued government activities must be felt in
incessantly for the effective conflict affected barangays, hence, the
implementation of peace agreements. government shall aggressively push
development projects and ensure
The promotion of the implementation of continuity of good projects.
CLIP of DILG shall be continued and Institutional coordination and
strengthened in support to the successful stakeholders’ collaboration in the
negotiation of peace agreements with all implementation of peace agreements,
internal armed conflict groups. The CLIP peacebuilding, and development
is a national reintegration program of the initiatives shall be established down the
national government for the rebel sub‐regional levels. Moreover, an
returnees. It is aimed at achieving intensified IEC campaign to affected
permanent and peaceful closure of all barangays on government programs
armed conflict specifically the NPAs in the and project shall be initiated and
Bicol region. This program is locally- sustained.
driven and managed, subject-sensitive
and flexible, time-bounded and has a clear Grounded on an enhanced peace and
exit strategy. Hence, safety and security of development framework of the Six-point
returnees shall be ensured and immediate Peace and Development Agenda, an

enhanced access to socioeconomic instituted and strengthened to ensure the
development interventions in conflict delivery of socioeconomic projects and
affected and threatened communities shall investments by donor institutions and
be provided. The PAMANA program government agencies in conflict-affected
inclusive of peace-promoting catch-up areas. Social protection packages,
development projects in conflict-prone community driven development projects,
communities which are highly important sub-regional development interventions
for the sustainment of peace shall be and capacity building for local
strengthened and continuously governments shall be strengthened to
implemented. These involve further decrease insurgency issues and
infrastructure projects such as FMRs, sustain lasting peace in the region.
water supply and irrigation facilities
which shall be continued and expanded as  Empower communities by increasing
it provides not only employment, but also their capacity to address conflicts and
promote and strengthen community reduce their vulnerabilities. Building
participation. a culture of peace and conflict
sensitivity that is tailored-fit to the
Community access to socioeconomic diverse cultures of societies given their
programs such as the Kabuhayan Starter unique traditions and practices shall be
Kit of DOLE; educational and livelihood ensured. A culture and gender-
programs of DepEd, TESDA, DOST, DTI, sensitive approach to development
and other government agencies shall shall be promoted to empower
continue to be provided and sustained. communities. It will significantly
The CMOs services such as medical reduce their vulnerabilities to peace
missions, feeding programs, and other conflicts. People’s awareness of peace
basic services, in partnership with other and development issues and concerns
stakeholders (e.g., LGUs, NGOs, and as well as their direct involvement to
CSOs) shall be continuously delivered to peacekeeping activities shall be
communities. Improved access to social pursued and sustained. Community
health services shall be provided. organizations shall be created and
Investment in human capital capacitated which ultimately form part
development through basic, and technical of resolving peace conflicts.
and vocational education shall be
prioritized especially for the youth. Other Peace education, value formation and
substantial peacekeeping efforts such as communication shall be intensified and
the simultaneous conduct of Bayanihan integrated in formal and non-formal
Team Activity (BTA) within the guerilla educational institutions. The culture of
bases and affected barangays programmed peace and non-violence shall also be
for clearing shall be continuously promoted in both avenues.
implemented. Mainstreaming the principles of peace
promotion and conflict sensitivity as well
A streamlined coordination and as application of the principles within the
monitoring mechanisms shall be

various aspects of academic community initiatives and investments on peace
life shall be pursued. concerns resulting from internal
armed conflicts shall be harmonized.
Communities shall be capacitated to Operational coordination efforts
support the establishment and through the integration of government
management of appropriate structures mechanisms into the peace process
and mechanisms. Conflict monitoring shall be undertaken in addressing
system and tools shall be provided and humanitarian concerns. These include
strengthened to aid them in addressing the protection of rights and promotion
the emergence of conflict. These will of interests of vulnerable groups, i.e.,
lessen, if not prevent, the negative impacts women, children, elderly, IPs,
of armed conflict to communities. internally displaced persons (IDPs),
Participation of peace stakeholders in the differently-abled persons, and former
peace and order councils, local combatants.
development councils down the barangay
level shall be encouraged. Police presence and visibility will ensure
lasting peace, thus auxiliary forces from
The declaration of the remaining two the PNP and AFP shall be deployed to
provinces, Masbate and Sorsogon, as patrol the rural barangays to attain zero
CMRFD provinces which require a conflict-affected barangay.
resolution of respective Sangguniang
Panlalawigan, shall be facilitated. This will Regional and local peace and order
be undertaken along with the existing councils, local development councils and
government programs such as CLIP and other government mechanisms such as
livelihood programs of government DRRM shall be mainstreamed. Local
agencies which will contribute to the governance shall be improved by building
improvement of the quality of life in the the capacity of national government
conflict prone areas. agencies and LGUs for a conflict-sensitive,
peace-promoting, culture-sensitive, and
 Harmonize government efforts to gender-sensitive approach to
address conflict and security issues. development.
The overarching policy, government

Chapter 18
Ensuring Security, Public

Order and Safety
Peace and security, as among the top priorities of the current administration,
is considered one of the foundations that support the strategies to attain
inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient society and a globally competitive
knowledge economy. However, the country encounters various problems on
the massive campaign and implementation of its programs. There are
increasing number of crimes, human rights violations, physical and sexual
abuses, human trafficking, drug abuse and extra judicial killings, among others,
that are rampant in our society today. Bicol region, in particular, is not an
exception to these overwhelming and alarming reality. As such, the region has
to protect its people and ensure their security and safety. A peaceful and
secured environment must be sustained to keep tourists and investors coming
as they provide jobs for the Bicolanos. A secured and safe place will not just
be a destination for many but a home for all.

The Bicol RDP 2011-2016 ensured that from 66 percent in 2014 to 52 percent in
the desired outcome for peace and 2016. However, crime volume increased
security would be attained. Supported to 38,042 in 2016 from 11,752 in 2011. The
with the programs, activities, projects increase can be attributed to the inclusion
through the participation of the of crimes at the barangay level and traffic
stakeholders, the sector achieved positive related incidents in the reported crimes.
result as the target set in the Bicol RDP This resulted to the increase in jail average
2011-2016 was achieved. However, a lot congestion rate from 278 percent in 2014
more has to be done in order to maintain to 396 percent in 2016.
the momentum and meet the targets and
priorities of the Duterte administration, The improvement in crime solution was
which include the eradication of crimes, made possible due to the implementation
corruption, and illegal drugs. of several programs and interventions of
the PNP which include: Managing Police
Crime solution efficiency improved by 29 Operation “Lambat Sibat” and the Target
percentage points from 21 percent in 2011 Output Policy. The “Lambat Sibat” is a
to 50 percent in 2016, surpassing the Bicol deliberate, programmatic, and sustained
RDP 2011-2016 target of 31 percent. The police operation paired with scientific
average monthly crime rate decreased crime reporting which uses both wide
Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and Safety 221

dragnet15 and intel-targeted operations to On the campaign against illegal gambling,
catch small-time criminals and repeat 157 operations conducted had resulted in
offenders. On the Target Output Policy, the arrest of 498 persons and confiscation
unit commanders were given a target of bet money amounting to PhP328
output of accomplishment in a given time, thousand. Around a hundred cases on
otherwise, they will be relieved from their illegal gambling were filed in various
area of assignment. The PNP e-projects courts in the region. On illegal logging,
were launched that includes Crime there were 254 persons arrested for
Incident Recording System (CIRS); e- violation of anti-illegal logging policies
Rogues Gallery; and e-Wanted Person which resulted to a confiscation of around
Information System (WPIS). The CIRS is 55 thousand board feet of assorted good
used in treating reports of crime incidents lumbers, 20 thousand flitches of wood,
and arrest. It sets a standard procedure by and 556 sacks of charcoal. Apprehended
which all crime incidents are reported to perpetrators or violators, including the
the police stations and stored pieces of evidence, were turned-over to
electronically in a database system. The DENR for proper disposition where 57
system presents a quick, fast, and reliable cases were filed in courts. On illegal
transmission of crime information from mining activities, there were 13 operations
lower police units and offices to the conducted in the provinces of Albay (1);
National Headquarters. Complementary Camarines Norte (11); and Masbate (1),
to the national initiatives to make police where a total of 58 persons were arrested.
operations successful, the Barangay
Information Networks (BINs) was On the operations relative to the
implemented, wherein the PNP was able campaign against illegal drugs, about
to recruit about 4,000 informants in 2015 1,400 suspected drug personalities were
from their respective areas regionwide to apprehended in 2016. Of this number, 83
serve as “Eyes in the Barangay.” Trainings percent were pushers and 17 percent were
were also conducted for PNP personnel users including women and children.
and other peace and development workers There were a total of 3,400 grams of shabu,
on the laws, programs and projects 1,003 grams of marijuana, and 2,100
relative to peace, security, human rights, sachets of shabu confiscated with an
human trafficking and violence against estimated value of PhP14 million where
women and children (VAWC). 1,155 drug-related cases were filed
regionwide.
In 2016, there were 667 persons arrested
for engaging in various illegal fishing In 2016, 396 percent average congestion
activities wherein five fishing vessels, 55 rate was noted from the total population
fishing boats, 11 bancas, 22 compressors of 2,495 inmates in 36 jails in the six
and about 15,000 kilograms of assorted provinces. The BJMP encountered delay
fish were confiscated. About a hundred and problems in the implementation of
cases on illegal fishing were filed regionwide. rehabilitation programs for inmates due
15
A police operation purposely to seal off the probable exit points of fleeing suspects from the crime scene to prevent
their escape (Source: PNP Revised Criminal Investigation Manual, 2011)

to lack of appropriate venue for the recorded from 2011 to 2015, with 288
conduct of rehabilitation activities. victims consisting of 100 males and 188
females where 89 were minors. Since most
Likewise, the lack of facilities and of the abusers were not made to answer for
inadequacy of jail personnel put the their actions, the cases continue to
welfare and security of the inmates, increase.
residents and the personnel themselves at
risk. The jail congestion caused the spread Monitoring of establishments was
of diseases and illness among the inmates. regularly conducted by the BFP to ensure
This situation needs attention from the safety of communities. Out of around
government, to give priority to projects 39,465 registered establishments in
that will address the jail congestion Business Processing and Licensing Offices
problem in the region. in the region in 2015, 100 percent were
The number of cases of rape, incest and inspected and been issued with fire safety
sexual abuse increased, but a high number inspection certificates. A total of 499 fire
of cases remain unreported due to some incidents were recorded in 2015 and been
reasons like economic dependence responded to by the BFP. However, only
between the victim and abuser. There 478 fire incidents had been responded to
were 143 cases of human trafficking within the seven-minute standard
response time.
Strategic Framework
Ensuring security, public order and safety society, and a globally competitive
will contribute to enhancing the social economy. By 2022, the following
fabric or “Malasakit”; reducing inequality subsector outcomes should have been
or “Pagbabago”; and increasing growth achieved: (a) security and public safety
potential or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” ensured, and (b) all forms of criminality
towards laying down the foundation for significantly reduced. Figure 18.1
inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient presents the Strategic Framework to
Ensure Security, Public Order, and Safety.

Figure 18.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Security, Public Order and Safety,
2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve programs designed for their welfare,
the subsector outcomes to address the growth and development, especially
challenges presented above: the communities affected by conflicts
between the government forces and the
Subsector Outcome 1: Security rebel groups in remote areas of the
and public safety ensured region.
 Sustained security and public safety.  Police presence and visibility in all
This will be realized through areas of the region shall be intensified
continuous strengthening of capability to maintain public order. Barangays
among law enforcers, modernization shall be involved in policing the
of the armed forces, as well as communities through the BINs. The
improvement of diplomatic ties and AFP and PNP will join force in
engagements. When public order is safeguarding development projects to
maintained, residents become efficient stop the extortion activities initiated by
citizens, dynamic and more the CPP-NPA-NDF and LLE. The
productive. They have the freedom to local peace and order councils shall be
fully enjoy and access the services and reactivated to ensure a venue to discuss

issues on security within the localities. collaboration between the LGUs and
Possibilities of including peace the local communities. To combat
education in formal and informal criminality, there shall be stict
educational institutions and programs enforcement of the rules of law.
shall be explored. Local development Enforcers must build a culture of peace
plans which have integrated conflict and conflict sensitivity together with
sensitive and peace promoting the community. Law enforcement
approaches shall be implemented. operations shall be intensified and
Local policies shall be reviewed to Local Anti-Criminality Action Plans
define linkages between and among shall be adopted and implemented.
regional and local peace and order The collaboration among Philippine
councils. (Refer to Chapter 17) Drug Enforcement Agency and other
concerned agencies and LGUs shall be
As part of the strategies in strengthening strengthened in the campaign to
peace and order management, and address the drug problems. Another
improving capability of fire protection program to support the strategy is the
services and jail management, additional MASA-MASID program of DILG, a
police, fire station and jail buildings shall barangay-based, anti-corruption, and
be constructed with complete and anti-illegal drugs program which
enhanced facilities to cater the needs of encourages multi-sectoral partnership
the beneficiaries. Fire prevention and fire to intensify the spirit of volunteerism at
safety awareness campaign shall be the community level. (Refer to Chapter
continued through Ugnayan sa Barangay. 5) In terms of human trafficking, the
Security sector capability shall be concerned agencies and entities
enhanced to provide humanitarian through the Inter-Agency Council
assistance, disaster response, and protect Against Trafficking (IACAT), shall be
the region against any form of threats to strengthened to ensure the prosecution
both its people and resources. The BFP of the criminals and the provision of
shall continue undertaking preventive support services to the victims and
measures to ensure safety of the populace. survivors. Closed-circuit televisions
Orientations and fire drills shall be (CCTVs) shall be installed in all
continued and shall be made as regular establishments, major thoroughfares,
activities conducted in the community for seaports, and airports to monitor
the citizens to be informed, and encourage unlawful and illegal events and make
their participation and involvement in the tracking easy.
fire prevention campaign.
 Ensure protection of human rights
Subsector Outcome 2: All forms and promote gender equality.
of criminality significantly Programs and projects that will protect
reduced. human rights and support the victims
of crimes and abuses shall be provided,
 Strict enforcement of laws and including the rehabilitation of inmates,
ordinances through effective victims of violence, physical and sexual

abuses, and drug surrenderees. Men Other programs and projects supporting
shall be encouraged to participate as the strategies include: (a) construction of
active partners in the development rehabilitation facilities for drug
programs. The institutionalization of surrenderees; (b) conduct of dialogues/
Men Opposed to VAW Everywhere pulong-pulong/ symposium/ house
(MOVE) in schools, barangays and visitations and outreach services to far
offices can be a useful tool to reduce the flung barangays; (c) adoption of region’s
number of sexual and physical abuses. crime prevention programs to include
The region shall adopt policies and activation of crime prevention councils;
programs that strengthen cyber (d) Witness Protection Program; (e)
security strategies. Every community financial assistance under the Bureau of
shall have access to decent and Claims (BOC) to the victims of violence;
sustainable employment opportunities (f) construction of separate infrastructure
to improve productivity and lessen facilities for the rehabilitation programs
economic dependence which is one of for inmates (e.g., Alternative Learning
the triggering factors that cause System room and livelihood area); and (g)
violence and abuses among and within utilization of 911 communication services
families. during fire incidents and calamities.

Chapter 19
Accelerating Infrastructure
Development
Infrastructure is the backbone of regional development as it supports the
sustainable economic and social development of a locality. Bicol’s
infrastructure development has been on the rise for the last six years. This
has been observed by a dominant contribution of construction to the Bicol’s
Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) starting 2015. However, despite
the increase in infrastructure investments, there remains a wide gap in terms
of infrastructure access, quality and reliability. Investments in infrastructure
projects have to be increased to catch up with the more advanced regions of
the country.

Transportation
The Bicol RDP 2011-2016 aimed for the surface width from 6.10/6.70 meters
reliable infrastructure facilities and to 12.2/13.40 meters. The Bicol section of
services used by the people through the the Maharlika Highway (AH26),
establishment of an integrated representing 17 percent of the region’s
transportation system. The sector national roads (2,385.656 km), was
partially achieved its objective with the widened to three lanes (15.24 km) and
improvement and rehabilitation of roads four lanes (72.61 km). The total length of
and bridges, road opening projects, and AH 26 that passes through Bicol
improvement of air and sea transport represents 22 percent of its total length of
facilities. However, the rehabilitation, 1,815 km.
improvement and expansion of the
railway system did not materialize. The The DOT-DPWH convergence program
physical connectivity of Bicol Region to enhanced access to priority tourist
Metro Manila and the other regions of destinations in the different
the country was more felt across the municipalities and cities in the region of
eastern nautical highway link. which, 80 percent (187.645 km) of the
target programs were completed from
Road-based Transport 2011 to 2015. The Guinobatan-,Camalig-
Daraga-Legazpi (GUICADALE) platform
Roads were improved and rehabilitated. roads leading to the BIA and tourist
The widening of national roads increased destinations were implemented including

road openings in the province of Rail-based Transport
Sorsogon. The Pio Duran (Albay)-Donsol
(Sorsogon) road is to be completed under The plan to rehabilitate and improve the
the 2016 budget. This alternative route to railway system did not materialize. At
Donsol, home of the whale sharks present, the Philippine National Railways
(Butanding), supports trade and tourism. has no train service for the Manila-
Roads that connect to RORO ports in the Legazpi route. The Manila-Naga train
region such as: (a) Ligao-Pio Duran; (b) service had its trial operation in 2011
Donsol-Pio Duran; (c) Libon-Pantao-Pio until October 2012 but was suspended
Duran; and (d) Jovellar-Pio Duran following the derailment accident in
provided more access to Pio Duran port Sariaya, Quezon. In 2014, the commuter
in Albay. The Masbate-Cataingan-Placer train service from Naga City to Sipocot,
road links the RORO terminal system of Camarines was opened. In September
Masbate City, Cataingan, and Cawayan 2015, the Naga-Legazpi commuter train
that connect to Cebu and Samar service was launched. However, the
provinces. Other strategic road projects operation was stopped in March 2016
implemented during the period were the due to breakdown of locomotive. The
Catanduanes Circumferential Road, collapse of a bridge in Ragay, Camarines
Andaya and GMA Highways, Albay West Sur prohibited the transport of a
Coast road, Camarines Sur-Albay replacement locomotive coming from
diversion road, Pres. Cory Aquino Manila. Only the Naga-Sipocot train
Boulevard, and other road projects service operates at present.
implemented by local government units
in the region. Road opening projects The proposed NSRP South Line was
under the PAMANA were likewise endorsed by the Investment
implemented. Coordinating Committee (ICC) for
funding under the PPP. The project
From 2011-2016, an average increase of involves a total length of 653 kilometers
three percent (2,312 km in 2011 and long haul passenger train for Manila-
2,385 km in 2016) in the length of Calamba-Legazpi, Calamba-Batangas,
national roads was registered. There and Legazpi-Matnog in Sorsogon.
were six local roads converted into However, the approval by the
national roads from 2011-2016. The Department of Transportation (DOTr)
number of permanent bridges along the was delayed due to changes in the terms
national roads increased from 591 in of reference. The railway development
2011 to 634 in 2015, surpassing the plan summit to push the revival, expansion,
target of 612. An addition of 16 newly and modernization of the railway system
constructed bridges brings the total to did not materialize.
650. The target increase in road density
from 0.61 km/sq. km. in 2010 to 0.70 Air Transport
km/sq km in 2016 was not achieved. The
national road density remained at 0.133 The Legazpi Airport terminal building
km/sq km as of December 2015. was renovated and expanded and air

navigation facilities were improved. It transport system improved with the
served direct chartered flights from opening of the Batangas-Masbate-Cebu
Guangzhou and Xiamen, China in 2014. and Cagayan de Oro sea transport route
Two nighttime flights for the Legazpi and on board the Super Ferry 3. Pio Duran
Manila route started in October 2016. port was opened, including the following
Masbate airport was improved and the RORO routes: Pio Duran-Claveria and
feasibility study (FS) for the transfer of Pio Duran-Masbate. The RORO port
Masbate airport to Milagros, Masbate was service from Nato port in Sagnay to
included in the DOTr FY 2015 Annual Guijalo, Caramoan was opened. The
Procurement Plan. The New Naga passenger terminal shed of Codon port in
Airport Development Project is ongoing San Andres, Catanduanes was
while the implementation of BIA is constructed in 2015 to cater to passengers
targeted for completion by 2020. plying the Codon-Guijalo route. This
was seen as a shorter link to Guijalo and
The Bicol RDP 2011-2016 considered the San Vicente ports in Caramoan,
conversion of underutilized airports to Camarines Sur, famous for tourism
military air bases. However, the Bicol destinations such as the Caramoan
RDC proposed that these be operated as National Park and Gota Beach.
community airports by the LGUs where
these are located. The resolution was A memorandum of understanding was
forwarded to the Civil Aviation Authority forged by the PPA together with the
of the Philippines (CAAP) for their PCG, Land Transportation Office (LTO),
action. Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board (LTFRB), PNP, and the
Water Transport LGU of Matnog, Sorsogon to address the
congestion at the port of Matnog during
The passenger terminal buildings (PTB), abnormal situations like gale warning,
RORO ramps, berthing areas, causeways storm signals and other calamities
and pavements in the ports of Albay, wherein sailing is prohibited.
Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate,
and Sorsogon were repaired. The water
Water Resources
Water Supply Level 1 and 2 water supply projects under
BuB and SALINTUBIG program of
The Bicol RDP 2011-2016 aimed that DILG provided potable water to unserved
water facilities would be available for use households in rural areas of the region.
of the population. The water resources Twelve municipalities in the region were
subsector targeted an increase in the recipients of the SALINTUBIG project.
coverage of water supply by two percent Data in 2014 showed that 87 percent of
annually. In 2012, the implementation of Bicol households had access to a safe
water supply. Based on the reports from Listahanan, 63 percent have access to safe
the local water districts in the region, water. The remaining 37 percent get
there was an increase in new service water from dug well, rain and spring,
connections in 2015 in nine water river or stream.
districts (Table 19.1). In 2016, of the
369,395 identified poor households of
Table 19.1 Number of Active Water Service Connections, Bicol Region: 2014 and 2015
NUMBER OF ACTIVE SERVICE

NAME OF WATER DISTRICT CONNECTIONS % CHANGE
2014 2015
Legazpi City 21,044 21,841 3.78
Sorsogon City 10,619 11,125 4.76
Iriga City 11,354 11,877 4.60
Tabaco City 11,878
Virac 6,978 7,239 3.74
Daraga 9,386 9,584 2.10
Gubat 5,851 5,881 0.51
Bato CamSur 1,975
Camarines Norte 25,358 26,138 3.07
Calabanga 5,310 5,609 5.63
Donsol 1,550
Ligao City 7,735 7,840 1.36
Naga City 43,810 41,761 (4.68)
Nabua 5,290 4,096 (22.60)
Pasacao 1,705 1,690 (0.88)
Source: Water Districts/COA Report
Irrigation 28,600 hectares to be rehabilitated and

12,845 hectares to be restored with the
The irrigation subsector aimed at implementation of various irrigation
providing adequate irrigation facilities to facilities. However, these targets were not
farmers and increasing the number of fully attained. Figure 19.1 shows the
hectares of irrigated areas. From 2011 to target and actual accomplishments of
2016, the NIA targeted a total of 12,137 NIA by type of intervention from 2011 to
hectares of new areas to be irrigated; 2016.

Figure 19.1 Accomplishments of NIA by Type of Intervention, Bicol Region: 2011-2016
Source: NIA Region 5
In 2016, 10,595 hectares of new areas association (IAs) while simultaneously

were generated, marking an 87 percent strengthening irrigation development
accomplishment. In terms of and management, and improve irrigation
rehabilitated areas, it only posted 82 service delivery through rehabilitation
percent accomplishment or 23,323 and modernization of public irrigation
hectares while 11,799 hectares were system, was implemented during the plan
restored, translating to 92 percent period. It included the Tigman-
accomplishment. These interventions Hinagyanan-Inarihan River Irrigation
benefited 4,688 farmers, and generated System (THIRIS) in Camarines Sur
2,822 jobs as of November 15, 2016. (Figure 19.2). As of November 30, 2016,
its physical accomplishment was 68
The Participatory Irrigation percent. The continuous operation of the
Development Project (PIDP) which aims existing river irrigation system caused
to expand participation of irrigator’s delay in the project implementation.

Figure 19.2 THIRIS Service Area, Bicol Region
Source: NIA Region 5
Another major project being 2012 while the construction of new

implemented is the Ibingan Small facilities in the extension area at Baliuag
Reservoir Irrigation project (SRIP) in Nuevo started in June 2016. The
Prieto Diaz in Sorsogon. The project aims construction of the reservoir area and
to increase agricultural production other appurtenant structures will start in
through the provision and improvement 2018. This project aims to increase the
of irrigation and infrastructures in the agricultural production and provide a
project area. In 2015, construction of year round irrigation water supply to the
access roads, irrigation facilities such as farmlands of around 165 farmers.
canals, canalization structures and service
roads were completed. Flood Management
The Sibagat SRIP in Minalabac, The Flood and Hazard Mitigation

Camarines Sur is another major project component of the Bicol River Basin and
of NIA with a total target area of 350 Watershed Management Project
hecatres and an estimated project cost of (BRBWMP) implemented by DPWH
PhP400 million. The rehabilitation and aims to control or mitigate flooding
improvement of the existing irrigation within the Bicol river basin area through
facilities at barangays Magadap and San effective flood control measures and
Jose in Minalabac started in September services. Of the 90 projects, 87 were

completed in 2016 which helped in and existing structures from floods
reducing losses and damage to properties (Table 19.2).
Table 19.2 BRBWMP Flood and Hazard Mitigation Project, Status of Project
Implementation: As of November 2016
ALLOCATION NUMBER OF
YEAR STATUS
(PHP M) PROJECTS
2007-2010 1,645.00 33 Completed
2011 600.00 11 Completed
2012 350.00 14 Completed
2013 455.00 12 Completed
5 projects completed;
1project on-going: Quinali-Talisay Diversion
Channel Phase 2 – 31% (as of 11/30/2016);
2014 300.00 7
1 project suspended: Quinali-Talisay
Diversion Channel Phase 3 due to ROW
problem.
12 projects completed and one is negated

2015 530.00 13
due to ROW problem.
Total 3,880.00 90
Source: DPWH
The Legazpi City Urban Drainage pumping station Phase I was completed
Improvement Project (LCUDIP) is in February 2015. The construction or
another major flood mitigating structure improvement of dikes and jetty
started by the DPWH in 2015. Three structures, seawall, widening of river
projects under the LCUDIP were channel and pumping stations in
implemented in 2015 which include the strategic location will reduce flooding in
construction of seawall with joggers and the city center and residential areas,
vehicle lane (Legazpi Port to Rawis); thereby reducing health risks and boosts
construction of dike along Ruran, economic activities. The construction
Sagumayon and Macabalo tributaries and completion of this project will
including Cabangan bridge; and benefit Legazpi City and the adjacent
completion of Victory Pumping station municipalities.
including construction of dike. The Tibu

Energy
Electrification of the poor households in 2016 have
electricity.
The energy subsector aimed to provide
sufficient, stable and low cost power to all The electric cooperatives in the region
domestic and industrial users. It targeted have not achieved the desired systems
a 100 percent barangay energization rate; loss of nine percent. The average systems
49 percent sitio energization rate; and a loss as of September 2016 was 16 percent.
decrease in systems loss of nine percent Albay Electric Cooperative (ALECO),
by the end of the plan period. now under the Albay Power and Energy
Corporation (APEC) had the highest
Barangay energization rate was 99 systems loss at 23 percent while
percent as of November 2016 with two Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative
remaining un-energized barangays in (CANORECO) had the least at 10
Albay. As of November 2016, the sitio percent. The targeted one digit systems
energization attained a 78 percent loss was not achieved due to the high
accomplishment leaving 1,501 sitios to be incidence of electricity pilferage through
energized. In terms of connections illegal connections and aging distribution
among households, Bicol has attained a lines, among others.
91 percent connection rate. The
Listahanan of DSWD shows that 246,157
Table 19.3 Number of Energized Barangays and Systems Loss by Electric

Cooperative, Bicol Region: As of November 2016
NO. OF UN-
NO. OF ENERGIZED SYSTEMS
ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES ENERGIZED
BARANGAYS LOSS (%)
BARANGAYS
ALECO 718 2 22.50
CANORECO 273 0 10.28
CASURECO I 287 0 11.46
CASURECO II 259 0 13.99
CASURECO III 229 0 19.19
CASURECO IV 258 0 11.37
FICELCO 315 0 13.63
MASELCO 434 0 22.97
SORECO I 253 0 13.26
SORECO II 288 0 18.02
TISELCO 72 0 20.71
TOTAL 3,386 2
Source: National Electrification Administration (NEA)

Power Generation The Energy Development Corporation
has been rehabilitating the BacMan
The geothermal power generating plants geothermal power plants to increase its
in Bicol continued to contribute generating capacity so it can contribute
electricity to the Luzon Grid. As a more to the power supply needs of the
geothermal energy supplier to the Luzon Luzon Grid. The Tiwi geothermal power
Grid, the region is host to two geothermal plant (TGPP) is operated by the
producing fields, namely: Tiwi and Philippine Geothermal Production
Bacon-Manito (BacMan) geothermal Company. The cumulative gross
fields which generate a total capacity of generation of TGPP was recorded at
365.5 megawatts that are supplied 48,192 GWH.
directly to the Luzon Grid.
Information and Communications Technology

The communications subsector aimed to project is a free wifi internet access in
provide effective and efficient public places with 559 target beneficiary
communication facilities and services sites in Bicol including parks, town halls,
that are universally accessible, seaports, high schools, and rural health
interconnected and affordable. The units. This project was officially launched
communications subsector targeted the with the signing of MOAs between Local
increase in the number of LGUs with Chief Executives and DICT. To date, two
internet access, telephone density for free wifi sites located in DICT Legazpi
both mobile and landline, and the and Legazpi City Convention Center are
number of cellular sites. operational. Another project is the
Tech4Ed Centers which are self-
On June 23, 2011, Telecommunications sustaining shared facilities that provide
Office was renamed as Information and access to ICT-enabled services and
Communications Technology Office relevant content. It also serves as conduit
(ICTO) and was put under the control for efficient delivery of government
and supervision of the Department of services. Thirty-three centers were
Science and Technology (DOST). It was established in partnership with the LGUs
rationalized in June 2013 and underwent and school heads.
transition period until end of 2014. On
May 23, 2016, the Department of The implementation of GovNet project of
Information, Communication and DICT started in June 2016. The project
Technology (DICT) was created and aims to provide the national government
ICTO is its core agency. agencies with faster internet connection.
There were 32 government agencies
Internet Services (DPWH, DepEd, TESDA, DICT, DOST,
LTO, NAVFORSOL, CSC, NEDA,
Two programs have significant LTFRB, COA, DENR, EMB, Albay
contributions in the region. Juan Konek PENRO, NAPOLCOM, NFA, PCIC,

Bureau of Plant Industry, PCG, PRC, internet service providers. As of
NTC, NBI (Legazpi), BOC, Bureau of December 2015, 799 cellular sites were
Treasury, BFP-Albay, DTI, MARINA, installed throughout the region,
DOJ, DBM, Human Rights Commission, representing an increase of 59 percent
COMELEC and DAR) that benefited from 503 cell sites in 2012. These were
from the fiber optic internet connections. provided by three service providers,
namely: Smart, Globe and Suncellular.
Mobile Telephone Services The bulk of the cellular phone users in
the region avails of Smart service
The patronage of telephone and telegraph provider. Table 19.4 and Figure 19.3
services decreased with the proliferation show the distribution of service providers
of cellular phones and the entry of by province in 2015.
Figure 19.3 Map of Cell Site Locations in the Bicol Region

Table 19.4 Existing Cell Sites per Service Provider, Bicol Region: 2015
SERVICE PROVIDERS
PROVINCE TOTAL
GLOBE SMART SUN CELLULAR
Albay 70 111 43
224
Camarines Norte 28 45 12 85
Masbate 34 47 3 84
Sorsogon 26 63 4 93
TOTAL 257 431 111 799
Source: National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)
Landline Telephone Services examinations in Legazpi City and Daet,

Camarines Norte, and one special radio
Despite the proliferation of cellular operators’ examination in Masbate City
phones, there still exist telephone were also conducted.
operating companies which include:
Southern Telecommunications Trainings on the blocking of lost and
Company, Inc., BTTI Inc., Bayan stolen cellular phones and tape
telecommunications, Inc., Digitel preservation of unwanted broadcast
Communications, LM United, Iriga airings were also conducted. Other
Telephone Company, PILTEL, North activities include the intensification of
Camarines Telephone Company, Labo information education campaign on text
Telephone System, and Santos Telephone scams and press conferences to broadcast
System. stations, local CATV operators,
information officers of LGUs, RLAs and
Radio Telecommunication student councils of SUCs.
Services
The number of licenses, permits and
Activities relative to the communications certificates that were issued, increased by
subsector were conducted to attain the 30 percent from 15,208 in 2014 to 19,717
desired outcome of providing effective in 2015. The number of issuances in
and efficient telecommunication services 2015 was 212 percent over the target of
to the population. These included one- 9,280. The number of inspections
day mobile licensing seminars in (validation or investigation) of radio
different cities and provinces in the stations was 4,205, surpassing the annual
region and Restricted Land Mobile Radio target of 3,590 by 117 percent.
Seminars. Regular radio operators’

Postal Communications PhilPost offered upgraded premium
postal services and 3-pouch which
Postal communications experienced resulted to fast, safe and prompt mail
financial difficulty and viability delivery services. The services were
skepticism in 2011 considering the focused on rural areas that are not
technological advancement. It is for this covered by private providers.
reason that the re-engineering of the
postal system was proposed. In 2012,
Social Infrastructure
Education region as presented in Table 19.5. More
than three-fourths are barangay health
The DepEd intensified its campaign to stations (BHS). The BHS is a community-
enroll all school-age children to achieve based and patient-directed facility that
universal participation through the provides primary health care. Its goal is
implementation of the K to 12 program, to provide first aid, maternal and child
thus, requiring additional classrooms to health care, diagnosis of social diseases,
accommodate incoming learners. In the health education and other basic health
implementation of Senior High School services to all the members of the
(SHS) program, the number of classroom community it is serving. The second
allocation was increased from 2,102 in health facility in terms of number is the
2013 to 3,095 in 2014. In 2015, the Basic rural health unit (RHU). The RHU is the
Education Facilities Fund (BEFF) primary government health care facility
allocated 2,566 classroom projects, of at the municipal level wherein health
which, 236 were completed, 1,765 are services are delivered. The Rural Health
ongoing, and 565 have not yet started. Act of 1954 provided for the
The increasing number of school establishment of a rural health unit in
population would likely lead to the every municipality, and appropriated
problem of shortage of classrooms. funds for the purpose. Two categories of
Repair and maintenance of existing rural health units, senior and junior,
classrooms damaged by tropical cyclones came into being. The senior unit was
that hit the region, and the use of public similar to the demonstration team above;
schools as temporary shelters for those the junior consisted of doctor or nurse
affected by disasters further pose as a and sanitary inspector or midwife. A
challenge in improving the quality of rural dental service was also established.
education of Bicolanos. The DOH imposed a no home birthing
policy in August 2015. This resulted to an
Health increase in birthing homes and lying-in
clinics. There are 119 birthing homes in
Report from the National Health Facility the region that help prevent maternal and
Registry (NHFR) of the DOH shows that newborn mortality. There are 24
there are 1,525 health facilities in the government hospitals and 41 private

hospitals that provide health care services in the region.
Table 19.5 Number of Health Facilities in the Bicol Region
INFIR- BIRTHING GOV’T. PRIVATE

PROVINCE BHS RHU TOTAL
MARY HOMES HOSPITALS HOSPITALS
Albay 207 18 17 39 5 15 301
Cam. Norte 119 17 6 20 2 5 169
Cam. Sur 343 48 15 35 6 12 459
Catanduanes 63 11 5 6 4 1 90
Masbate 225 22 10 1 2 5 265
Sorsogon 189 18 8 18 5 3 241
Total 1146 134 61 119 24 41 1525
Source: DOH
Housing families. The HOMA program for

disaster survivors benefited a total of
The HUDCC reported an increase in the 11,480 families. A total of 16,615 core
number of families allocated with shelter units were completed by the
socialized housing through the DSWD. Housing loans were made
implementation of resettlement projects, available for Pag-IBIG members
CMP, housing projects for uniformed amounting to PhP3.173 billion for the
personnel, settlements upgrading, and construction of 5,462 housing units.
HOMA to households affected by
disasters. From 2011 to 2015, a total of The affordability of and access to
21,561 families were provided with government housing programs by the
socialized housing. poor remain a major challenge in the
future. The 2015 Listahanan assessment
From 2010 to 2016, a total of 29 reported that about 626,483 poor
resettlement sites were developed in 19 households live in housing units with
municipalities and three cities in the roofs and walls made of light or salvaged
region. Aside from land title materials and without electricity.
requirements, the implementation of
resettlement projects have not been To address the housing needs, titling of
successful in providing employment, lands identified for socialized housing
livelihood opportunities, and adequate shall be fast tracked. Government
services to many settlers. The CMP of requirements and processes in delivery of
the Social Housing Finance Corporation housing programs shall be harmonized.
(SHFC) implemented eight projects Subsidies and grants to lower down
valued at PhP42.09 million, benefiting payments and cost of titling and
910 families during the plan period. As installation of infrastructure services
of 2015, a total of 1,325 housing units onsite shall be provided. Basic
were completed under the AFP/PNP infrastructure support to resettlement
Housing Project for military and police sites such as potable water, reliable power
personnel. Settlements upgrading during supply, access roads to nearest
the plan period benefited a total of 695
commercial centers, and ICT, among need to ensure proper management of
others, shall be provided. solid wastes in the region through the full
implementation of the provisions in R.A.
Solid Waste Management 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act (ESWMA) of 2000 and
The total solid waste generation in the the other identified strategies for the solid
Bicol region has been increasing in the waste management (SWM) sector.
last five years, from 1,879 MT per day in
2012 to 2,012 MT per day in 2016. Bicol has only one operational sanitary
Increasing population and consumption landfill and one with ongoing
have resulted in increased waste construction (Table 19.6). These are
generation, thus, exacerbate the problems located in Legazpi City and Bato,
of inefficient collection and inadequate Camarines Sur, respectively.
disposal facilities. These emphasize the
Table 19.6 List of LGUs with Sanitary Landfill, Bicol Region: As of December 2016
DUMPSITE TYPE PROVINCE LGU NAME LOCATION DUMPSITE STATUS

Sanitary Landfill Albay Legazpi City Brgy. Banquerohan Operating
SLF w/ ECC; Undergoing
Sanitary Landfill Camarines Sur Bato Brgy. Agos
Construction
Source: National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSCMC)
Table 19.7 shows that there are 20 LGUs ten of which have safe closure and
with controlled disposal facilities (CDF), rehabilitation plans (SCRP).
Table19.7 Number of Controlled Disposal Facilities, Bicol Region
TYPE
PROVINCE CONTROLLED CONTROLLED DISPOSAL STATUS
DISPOSAL FACILITY FACILITY WITH SCRP
Albay 1 Operational
Camarines Sur 1 7 Operational
Sorsogon 2 2 Operational
Catanduanes 3 Operational
Masbate 4 Operational
TOTAL 10 10
Source: NSCMC
In Table 19.8, it can be gleaned that there (MRF) with Masbate having the least
are 54 LGUs with open dump sites, 24 of number. Shown in Table 19.9 are the
them have safe closure and rehabilitation municipalities with solid waste
plans. Across the region, there are 411 management plans. Only 43
functional materials recovery facilities municipalities have conditionally

approved Solid Waste Management Plan, revision.
25 are still for evaluation, and five are for
Table 19.8 Number of Open Dumpsites, Bicol Region, as of December 2016.
OPEN DUMPSITE OPEN DUMPSITE WITH SCRP MRFS

PROVINCE Partially Partially Not
Operating Operating Functioning
Closed Closed Functioning
Albay 3 1 6 1 67 1
Cam. Norte 1 3 1 17
Cam. Sur 9 3 194
Masbate 8 1 3 8
Sorsogon 3 5 111
TOTAL 27 3 22 2 411 1
Source: NSCMC
Table 19.9 Number of LGUs with 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plans, Bicol
Region, as of December 2016
STATUS
PROVINCE CONDITIONALLY FOR FOR LGU
APPROVED
APPROVED EVALUATION REVISION
Albay - 10 5 1
Camarines Norte - 3 2
Camarines Sur - 13 14 2
Catanduanes - 1 1
Masbate - 4 2 2
Sorsogon - 12 1
TOTAL - 43 25 5
Source: NSCMC
The goal of an integrated transport seaports and airports; (c) bridges that
system remains to be a great challenge in will link the Bicol Peninsula to
the region. An integrated transport Catanduanes and Samar Island; and (d)
system provides an efficient flow of construction of resilient and adaptive
commodities, supplies and access to infrastructure.
tourism areas and various economic and
industrial zones. The NSRP will increase Other challenges include:
the level of services of transport systems.
Other infrastructure that will support 1. Absence of masterplan for most
economic activities and provide basic infrastructure projects. These
services are as follows: (a) roads linking projects are not ready for
to national roads; (b) roads leading to implementation as there are no
thorough sub-soil exploration connection will ensure efficient flow
analyses and detailed engineering of commodities and inputs to
designs, among other requirements. tourism and agricultural production
areas, and economic zones.
2. Right-of-way issues and delays in
procurement and in securing 6. Lack of inter-regional flights to
numerous permits from relevant improve air connectivity. Some
government agencies. These airports have poor terminal facilities
concerns have hindered the timely and limited air transport capacity.
implementation of infrastructure
projects. 7. Lack of infrastructure support for
agricultural production and
3. Lack of alternative transportation distribution such as insufficient and
routes and ineffective traffic poor farm to market roads and
enforcement. This problem leads to bridges.
more traffic congestions particularly
in urban areas, around public 8. The railroad tracks are not yet fully
markets, and transit terminals. The rehabilitated. The rail transport
public transport is dominated by provides the cheapest means of
jeepneys, utility vans (UV express), transportation especially for farmers
tricycles, and motorcycles providing who bring goods to central terminals
door-to-door services. and markets. The Bicol Commuter
Train operates with only two routes:
4. Lack of public transport terminals from Legazpi to Naga and vice versa,
that integrate the different modes of and from Naga to Sipocot and vice
public transport. The resolution of versa.
this transport problem can help
reduce logistical costs and improve 9. Proliferation of informal settlers
economic productivity of urban along road shoulders, river
centers. embankments, and railroad tracks.
5. Lack of transport infrastructures to 10. Lack of real competition/presence of

improve connectivity between urban duopoly in the telecommunications
centers and growth hubs. This industry.
Strategic framework
Providing reliable and resilient “Pagbabago”; and increasing growth
infrastructure facilities and services used potential or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad”
by the population will contribute to towards laying down the foundation for
enhancing the social fabric or inclusive growth, a high-trust and
“Malasakit”; reducing inequality or resilient society, and a globally

competitive economy. By 2022, the interconnected affordable communication
following subsector outcomes should facilities and services; and (e) adequate,
have been achieved: (a) modern, seamless safe, accessible and cost effective social
and efficient transportation facilities and infrastructure facilities and services.
services; (b) water security, and lives and Figure 19.3 presents the Strategic
property protected from floods; (c) Framework to Accelerate Infrastructure
sufficient, stable and affordable power Development.
supply; (d) effective, efficient,
Targets
Transportation Power and Electrification
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets a
increase road density in the Bicol 100 percent barangay energization
region from 0.61 kilometer of road rate by the end of the plan period
per square kilometer of land to one from the 99 percent energization rate
kilometer of road per square in 2016. It targets to increase
kilometer of land area. By the end of energization of sitios from 78 percent
the plan period, all bridges in the in 2016 to 100 percent by 2022, and
region are converted into permanent household connection rate of
bridges. The railway system from potential households from 91 percent
Legazpi City to Metro-Manila and the in 2016 to 100 percent by the end of
Bicol International Airport (New 2022. Systems loss is targeted to be
Legazpi Airport) are fully operational reduced from 16 percent in 2016 to
by the year 2022. nine percent in 2022.
Water Resources Social Infrastructure
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets 95 The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to
percent of households having access attain a classroom to pupil ratio of
to safe water supply by 2022 or an 1:40. It targets to have at least one
average increase of one percent barangay health station in every
annually from 87 percent level in barangay by 2022
2014. It targets to increase the
irrigation service area from 75,552
hectares in 2016 to 93,665 hectares by
the year 2022.

Figure 19.4 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Infrastructure Development, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve  Improve connectivity by enhancing
the subsector outcomes to address the quality transport infrastructure. The
challenges presented above: growth centers shall be connected by
road, rail, air, and sea transport.
Subsector Outcome 1: Modern, Quality of road network shall
seamless and efficient continue to be enhanced at the
transportation achieved regional level by adopting national
road standard for all types of roads.
To reap the full benefits of the road

projects, diversion roads and missing support services. Food terminals or
road links shall be constructed (e.g., “bagsakan” markets shall be
Bacon-Manito Road), and established near or within PNR train
Quirino/Andaya Highway shall be stations to facilitate transport of
converted into a toll road. Camarines agricultural and industrial goods.
Sur and Catanduanes, and Sorsogon Food courts, adequate clean restrooms
and Samar Island shall be connected for women, children, and differently-
with inter-island bridges. The train abled persons shall be provided. Sea
service will provide mass transport vessels shall provide facilities for
and lessen transport cost for passenger differently-abled persons and senior
and cargo to and from Manila. The citizens and ensure easy access to life
Bicol region shall be the backbone of jackets. Use of motorcycle “habal-
land transport system to Visayas and habal” as a means of transportation in
Mindanao through the PNR mainline rural areas shall likewise be regulated.
south and Maharlika Highway. The
NSRP, including spur lines to Daet  Continue and expand convergence
and Partido Area, shall be pursued. programs on tourism, agricultural,
The PNR mainline south up to and industrial development.
Matnog, Sorsogon shall be revived and Provision of infrastructure support is
operational to de-load and decongest critical to facilitate growth in
the national highway. Airports shall agriculture, industry, and services
be upgraded to international sectors and delivery of social services.
standards catering to international Backbone, lateral, and strategic all-
and domestic flights such as the access roads will facilitate access and
completion and operationalization of circulation between and among the
the BIA and upgrading of existing different provincial, and town centers.
airports in Naga City, Daet, and Virac. Tourism-related infrastructure
Seaports shall be upgraded to facilities shall be put in place to serve
international standards and RORO tourist destinations in the region.
port PTBs shall be modernized for Dependable transport access to major
easy and comfortable travels. and strategic tourism destinations and
production areas shall be facilitated in
 Improve efficiency of transportation coordination with LGUs. Convergence
services. Front line services in the programs shall provide access to
land transport sector shall be develop more tourism areas. The
improved such as online vehicle PAMANA program shall be expanded
licensing and registration. The PNR to other conflict-affected areas.
shall lease the lots located within the Resilient FMRs shall be constructed to
train stations to the LGU or private provide access to markets and basic
sector for the construction of services.
shopping centers with free wifi,
restaurants, amusement areas, hotel  Increase redundancy of transportation
accommodations and other passenger routes. Redundancy of transportation

routes shall be increased to reduce  Provide subsidy for wastewater
vulnerability during emergency treatment projects. The LGUs
situations. Where infrastructure and cannot solely implement wastewater
transportation routes cannot avoid treatment projects due to high
passing through a hazard-prone area development cost. Thus, support from
or protected area, alternative routes the national government or the private
through an alignment that is not sector is needed to successfully
subject to the same threat shall be implement the projects. These
built. Ideally, all major regional and wastewater treatment facilities will
provincial routes should have such remove contaminants from waste
redundancy. water to make it usable again.
Subsector Outcome 2: Water  Provide access to water supply to

security ensured, lives and poor households. The LGUs shall
property protected from floods identify possible sources of potable
water supply and seek funding from
 Establish database for the
concerned agencies (e.g., DILG,
development of new water supply DPWH) for the installation of the
sources. This can be done by facilities so that it will benefit the poor
collecting detailed water data and households especially in rural areas.
information particularly on Usually, Levels 1 and 2 water supply
groundwater and aquifer systems systems are provided to rural areas
since there is always a lack of adequate and hinterland barangays.
surface water resources. Increased
funding and resources need to be
 Introduce volumetric and raw water
provided for the collection of detailed
pricing. The purpose of volumetric
water data and information. This
pricing of water is to encourage
database will serve as basis to facilitate
resource conservation and
the development of new water supply
productive use. It is used as a means
sources.
of water saving in irrigation systems
to promote equity in the use of
 Prioritize surface water for water-
irrigation water among farmers and
critical areas using eco-efficient to rationalize rate of payment of
water infrastructure designs. Irrigation Service Fee (ISF). Farmers
Rainwater collectors shall be are obliged to conserve water since
encouraged and constructed in water- additional demand for water will
critical areas like upland. The rain entail additional cost on their part.
water collected is an additional water At the household level, water pricing
source which can be used for can be an effective tool for residential
domestic, agricultural development, water demand management.
and terrestrial ecosystems. Charging according to the quantity
of water use will motivate consumers

to conserve water by reducing friendly and reliable power services at
demand. affordable rates.
 Protect and maintain watershed  Encourage investment in clean

areas to ensure sufficient water power generation. The region shall
supply for domestic use. retain its role as geothermal energy
Deforestation in watershed areas supplier to the Luzon Grid.
shall be prohibited. Concerned Investments in waste-to-energy and
agencies (e.g., DENR) and LGUs other renewable energy projects shall
shall monitor these areas against be encouraged to provide
illegal logging. Relatedly, environment-friendly power supply,
reforestation activities like tree at the same time, make the service
planting shall be encouraged in sufficient and reliable at affordable
denuded watershed areas. (Refer to rate. New energy sources (e.g.,
Chapter 20) geothermal, hydro, wind, solar,
biomass) shall be explored, and
 Support and strengthen the constructed or commissioned for
participation of local communities more efficient and lower power cost.
in improving water and sanitation
management. Concerned agencies,  Reduce electricity rates. Reducing
in partnership with LGUs, shall electricity rates can be done by
provide trainings to local pursuing capacity additions to the
communities on how to manage existing geothermal plants. Removal
water and sanitation facilities. of value added tax on systems loss
Involvement of the community in the charges shall also be done. In the case
implementation of these projects is of island provinces, the grids of
necessary to ensure sustainability. Masbate and Catanduanes shall be
interconnected to the Luzon Grid for
Subsector Outcome 3: Sufficient, a more reliable and affordable
stable, affordable and electricity rates.
environment-friendly power
supply achieved Subsector Outcome 4: Effective,
efficient, interconnected
The Bicol region aims to be energy affordable communication
sufficient, served through the presence of
facilities and services achieved
other indigenous (biomass) and
The ICT sector shall ensure transparency
alternative energy sources that can supply
and efficiency in government and private
excess power to its neighboring regions.
sector transactions. Delivery of
All households shall be energized while
government frontline services shall be
enjoying the benefits of being host to the
improved. All LGUs and households
geothermal energy resources. Bicolanos
shall have access to reliable internet
shall be provided with environment-
services.

 Formulate and implement ICT broadcast airings shall also be
master plans and roadmaps. The conducted. Other activities include
government shall further encourage the intensification of IEC campaign
private sector participation in the on text scams and press conferences to
development and implementation of broadcast stations, local CATV
ICT projects pursuant to BOT Law. operators, information officers of
This can be achieved by strengthening LGUs, RLAs and student councils of
the NTC and making us of ICTs to SUCs.
drive regional development efforts
with innovative solutions that are  Intensify interconnectivity among
effective and easily scalable. Re- government offices. Administrative
engineering of the postal system is Order No. 332 directs all government
also a must for fast mail delivery not agencies and instrumentalities
covered by the private internet service including LGUs to undertake
providers. Proposals on the electronic interconnection through
upgrading of landline telephone the internet to be known as IT for
services and radio telecommunication government in the Philippines
services shall be done to meet the (RPWEB). The internet will be used
development challenges. to provide government services to the
piblic. The government shall further
 Implement Cyber–Security Plan encourage private sector participation
system. Cyberspace resides in ICT in the development and
system infrastructures of Internet implementation of ICT projects under
Service Providers (ISPs), gateways, the BOT Law. The LGUs shall
independent networks and coordinate with the DICT to develop
telecommunications wherein their local ICT capacities.
information are exploited and
manipulated. Hence, it is proposed  Provide access to internet in public
that a policy requiring the registration areas. With the regional disparity in
of Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) terms of broadband access, the
cards shall be formulated to minimize national and local government shall
cybercrimes and frauds. The anti- work together to develop ICT and
cybercrime unit of the government establish a free internet service that is
shall be capacitated to address cyber accessible in government offices and
threats and manage cyber risks. public areas using the most cost-
Protective capability program shall be effective telecommunications technology.
implemented to address consumer
protection including consumer safety,  Expand internet coverage and
consumer education, remedy and increase cell sites. The accessibility of
redress in case of fraud and cyber- ICT services and facilities shall be
attacks. Trainings on the blocking of ensured by expanding internet
lost and stolen cellular phones and coverage and installation of additional
tape preservation of unwanted

cell sites in areas where signal is poor Access to affordable and adequate shelter
or totally absent. shall be expanded through
implementation of resettlement projects,
Subsector Outcome 5: Adequate, community mortgage program, housing
safe, accessible and cost projects for uniformed personnel,
effective social infrastructure settlements upgrading, and provision of
facilities and services. HOMA. Focus is to facilitate the
implementation of housing programs
 Facilitate program/project financing and projects by using government idle
of social infrastructure facilities and lands for socialized housing projects,
services. Adequate education facilities accelerate and streamline the approval
are necessary for quality education. process for housing permits and licenses,
Focus shall be given to sustain the and titling of lands identified for
DepEd school building program socialized housing shall be fast tracked.
through the BEFF and other funding Government requirements and processes
sources to address the construction of in delivery of housing programs shall be
and upgrading classrooms especially harmonized. Basic infrastructure
in far flung barangays. Gender- support to resettlement sites such as
sensitive and disaster-resilient provision of potable water, safe and
classrooms shall be constructed. sufficient electricity, access roads to
Rehabilitation or reconstruction of nearest commercial centers, and ICT,
damaged school buildings shall be among others, shall be integrated.
fast-tracked to avoid prolong
disruption of classes. Financial  Ensure suitable and sustainable solid
support for dilapidated or unusable waste management. To improve
school buildings damaged by disasters proper management of solid waste,
shall be provided. RA 9003, otherwise known as the
Ecological Solid Waste Management
The Philippine Health Facility Act of 2000 shall be enforced in every
Development Plan shall be expanded to province, city and municipality. The
upgrade health facilities in the region for LGUs’ investment in waste
improved access and quality of health management shall be increased by
facilities. The fund utilization for health encouraging them to cluster and build
facilities shall be rationalized. Project common ecological solid waste
implementation shall be improved by management facilities (sanitary
entering into PPPs in the construction, landfills). Massive IEC campaigns on
rehabilitation, maintenance, and solid waste management policies, laws,
management of health facilities. Labor- projects and best practices shall be
intensive method in implementing health conducted. Waste generation shall be
infrastructure projects shall be reduced through prevention,
encouraged to generate employment in reduction, recycling and reuse. (Refer
beneficiary communities. to Chapter 20)

 Construct disaster-resilient  Formulate/update and implement
infrastructure facilities. Disaster critical master plans or roadmaps that
resilient infrastructure facilities shall support connectivity to spur
be constructed following the development across the country.
appropriate standards for school
buildings, health facilities, and  Improve capacities of implementing
housing. The “build back better” agencies in project development and
principle in all infrastructure projects management, including project
that have been damaged by disasters preparation, ROW acquisition
shall be adopted. The LCUID Project planning, and asset management.
shall be completed to mitigate
flooding in the city center and  Implement infrastructure projects
residential areas. (Refer to Chapter 20) with community participation so that
the people will have a sense of
Other strategies that will help attain the ownership of infrastructure projects in
sector outcome of providing reliable and their locality.
resilient infrastructure facilities and
services used by the population are the  Promote clustering of LGUs to make
following: them more capable of fund sourcing
and implementation of big
 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable infrastructure projects. This strategy
and resilient infrastructure, including could ensure effective coordination
regional and intra-regional among towns and cities, avoid
infrastructure, to support economic duplication of programs and projects,
development and human well-being, and speed up delivery of public and
with focus on affordable and equitable private sector services.
access for all.
 Adopt a 24/7 work schedule for
 Close the infrastructure gap major infrastructure projects to fast
particularly in far-flung areas to track completion and thereby
ensure equitable access to minimize long term public
infrastructure services, even out social inconvenience.
opportunities, and raise the overall
living standards of Bicolanos.
 Ensure proper and coordinated

planning and implementation of
infrastructure projects; from planning,
programming, and design to
implementation stage.

Chapter 20
Ensuring Ecological Integrity,

Clean and Healthy
Environment
The environment and natural resources (ENR) play a vital role in the
development process of the region. All the essential components (land,
water, air, flora, and fauna) necessary for our survival are provided by the ENR
sector. In the recent years, however, our quest for economic development
puts our ENR into a looming peril due to the increasing and conflicting
demands of the population. Likewise, our pursuit towards sustainable
development is constantly being challenged by disasters which affect the
environment and living conditions of Bicolanos. The existing natural and
human-induced hazards and the region’s vulnerabilities expose Bicolanos to
higher degree of disaster risks.
Acknowledging that improved environmental condition, and resilient

ecosystem and communities are critical to achieve our societal goal, the
Bicol RDP 2017-2022 identifies more aggressive strategies towards the
rehabilitation and restoration of degraded natural resources, protection of the
ecosystems, and improving the welfare and adaptive capacities of the
resource-dependent communities.

Forest management improved but Additional 5,007 hectares of land were
needs to be further strengthened. The also planted with trees through the
forest cover of the region was measured implementation of Barangay Forest
at 202,445 hectares16 in 2010. The target Program, PAMANA, and the Balik
is to increase this by 250,000 hectares in Probinsya Program. The hindrances
2016. With the implementation of the encountered in the implementation of
National Greening Program (NGP), these projects were inaccessibility of
massive reforestation and tree planting some plantation sites, occurrence of
activities were conducted since 2011. calamities, erratic weather condition, and
Within the span of five years, about 51 lack of manpower to care and maintain
million various species of seedlings were the planted seedlings.
planted in around 89 thousand hectares
in all coverage areas in the region with an Other regular programs, projects and
average survival rate of 79 percent. activities such as land surveys, foreshore
16
Based on 2015 Philippine Forestry Statistics data
Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy Environment 255
management and forest land use Gallego, Presentacion) were finalized and
planning were also implemented. These adopted by the Sangguniang Bayan of
contributed in the sustainable allocation each LGU; and (c) one gender workshop
of land for development and for integration in the FLUP was
environmental protection. conducted. The FLUP serves as a guide
in managing the forest resources and the
On land surveys, more emphasis was watersheds of every municipality to
provided in the implementation of ensure biodiversity conservation, food
cadastral survey, which is one of the and livelihood security, and climate
national flagship programs of President change mitigation.
Aquino’s administration. A new activity
of the land survey program, called data Reduction of water pollution was
transformation, which is a partially attained. Two of three major
transformation of old cadastral survey to rivers (Balos and Salog rivers) monitored
Philippine Reference System of 1992 by the DENR-Environment Management
(PRS 92) coordinates, was implemented. Bureau in 2015 had maintained its
The data transformation of the following pollution level classification as Class B
municipalities was accomplished: and Class C waterbody, respectively,
Bombon, Camaligan, Gainza, Magarao, based on the parameters set under DAO
Gubat, Malinao and Oas. 90-34. Major causes of pollutants were
domestic waste, agricultural waste,
On foreshore management activities, livestock waste, and industrial waste due
several hectares of lots or areas were to increasing population, urbanization,
monitored to ensure that agreements on and industrialization. Particularly in
the issued tenurial instruments are urban areas, the rivers were polluted with
followed and payments are made on time garbage. Rivers were also silted due to
by the foreshore lease applicants or heavy rains. To improve water quality,
occupants. Updating of the appraisal and various programs, activities and projects
zonal values of foreshore areas used as were implemented by the DENR EMB
beaches or resorts were conducted pursuant to RA 9275 or Philippine
because of the emergence of eco-tourism Clean Water Act. Among these are: (a)
as one of the major businesses in the Adopt-an-Estero Program and Sagip-Ilog
Philippines. The area of the surveyed Program through clean-up activities to
foreshore areas in the Bicol region enhance the river condition; (b) Beach
increased from 5,920 hectares in 2011 to Ecowatch Program through coastal
23,124 hectares in 2016. clean-up to protect the marine
environment from possible outbreak of
On Forest Land Use Planning (FLUP), diseases; (c) Industrial Ecowatch for
the following activities were completed firms and industries; and (d)
by DENR Region 5: (a) FLUP of two classification and/or reclassification of
LGUs in Albay (Ligao City and Oas) were water bodies. In the pursuit of reviving
prepared or drafted; (b) FLUP of three the quality of water in the rivers, Naga
LGUs in Camarines Sur (Lagonoy, Del River Watershed was identified as Water

Quality Management Area (WQMA) emission standards. Three airsheds were
which covers the Naga River and its also designated in Naga City, Legazpi
tributaries including the land embraced City, and Bacon-Manito, to implement
by the hydrologic unit identified in all an effective air quality management in
barangays of Naga City and two their respective areas.
barangays in Pili, Camarines Sur. The
Naga River-WQMA aims to protect and DRR-CCA efforts were undertaken but
improve the water quality of Naga River need further strengthening. The target
(classified as class C) and make its uses of the Bicol RDP 2011-2016 to formulate
sustainable consistent with the water DRR and CCA-enhanced Provincial
quality management objectives under Development and Physical Framework
Administrative Order No. 16-04. As a Plans (PDPFPs), CLUPs and Zoning
result, Naga City ordinance on septage Ordinances (ZOs) by the six provinces
and sewage system was implemented, and 114 LGUs, was partially attained. As
and a feasibility study for the septage of December 2016, all the provinces
treatment facility was prepared. attained the target by completing its
DRR-CCA enhanced PDPFPs. However,
Fair to good air quality index was of 114 city and municipal LGUs, only 103
noted. The 2015 assessment results of LGUs were able to formulate their
the air quality condition in the cities of CLUPs and only 14 of them managed to
Legazpi, Iriga, and Naga where sample update their CLUPs in compliance to
filters were taken and analyzed, showed Executive Order No. 72, s. 1993. To
fair to good quality index that is achieve these targets, the HLURB Region
compliant to the National Ambient Air 5 implemented its Zero Backlog Project,
Quality Guideline Values. The major wherein technical assistance were
sources of air pollution are mobile provided to cities and municipalities in
source, area source, and stationary formulating and updating their CLUPs.
source. Based on the 2015 emission The Regional Land Use Committee
inventory of air pollutants, area source (RLUC) of the RDC, in coordination
has the highest emission of sulfur oxide, with the Philippine Association of State
particulate matter and carbon monoxide Universities and Colleges (with BU as
due to the burning of solid wastes and lead), initiated the conduct of trainer’s
forest fires (kaingin). To continuously training on CLUP preparation to
improve air quality condition, various capacitate the faculty members of the
interventions were conducted in the different SUCs in the region to be able to
region. Pursuant to RA 8749 or the provide technical assistance to the LGUs.
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, the Through the Integrating DRR-CCA
DENR-EMB continuously implemented Project of the NEDA, all provinces, were
the Bantay Tambutso Program, able to complete their DRR-CCA
intensified the anti-smoke belching enhanced PDPFPs. Workshops and
campaign, and conducted roadside technical sharing sessions on
monitoring apprehension to ensure vulnerability assessment using the
vehicle compliance with motor vehicle Geographic Information System (GIS)

were conducted as part of the NEDA’s Hybrid and Hydromet projects were
technical assistance on local planning. installed regionwide.
The provinces of Camarines Norte,
Catanduanes and Masbate were also Other DRR-CCA initiatives conducted in
given financial assistance to advocate the region which contributed to the
their DRR-CCA-enhanced PDPFPs attainment of the targets are: (a)
through the conduct of stakeholder’s implementation of disaster resilient
orientations and seminars. The IEC programs, activities and projects, e.g.,
materials were distributed during these flood controls, sea walls; (b) intensive
activities to build public awareness on the awareness and capacity building activities
different hazards and vulnerable areas in for various stakeholders including
their respective provinces. regional agencies, LGUs and community
members; (c) mainstreaming DRR-CCA
Likewise, the Bicol RDP 2011-2016 aimed in development plans and investment
that 100 percent of the provinces, cities programming; (d) issuance of policies
and municipalities would have functional and guidelines related to DRR-CCA, e.g.,
DRRM councils (DRRMCs) and DRRM administrative guidance on integrating
offices (DRRMOs). In 2016, 100 percent DRR-CCA in CLUP, annual investment
of the LGUs were able to establish and program, and comprehensive development
institutionalize their local DRRMCs and plan; (e) strengthening emergency response
their local DRRMOs, from 40 percent in operations and community involvement;
2011 (48 LGUs) 2015. However, the and (f) conduct of community-based
challenge of appointing permanent hazard and vulnerability assessments,
personnel who will man and among others.
continuously set the direction,
development, implementation, and To ensure that the integrity of the
coordination of DRRM programs in the ecosystem will not be compromised in
LGUs remains. As of 2015, only ten pursuit of our economic development,
LGUs have appointed their permanent the region has to (a) address the
DRRM Officers while the other 110 were continuous deterioration and
designated. This is hindered by the degradation of its environment; (b)
budget ceiling for personnel services of ensure sustainable management of
LGUs as provided under the Local natural resources; and (c) ensure that
Government Code of 1991. adaptive capacities and resiliency of the
ecosystem and communities are
The six provincial DRRMOs established strengthened to combat the threat of
multi-hazard warning systems disasters and climate change.
accomplishing 100 percent of the Bicol
RDP 2011-2016 target. To ensure that Other issues that have to be addressed
effective and up-to-date early warning are: (a) low compliance to environmental
and advisory services are provided to the policies specifically to solid waste
Bicolanos, 53 weather stations under management act, clean air and water act,
and mining act; (b) increasing number of

vehicles and motorcycles which especially at the far flung and high-risk
contributes to air pollution; (c) areas; (f) information and
proliferation of illegal small scale mining communication gap between and among
activities; (d) lack of technical capacities government agencies; (g) a need to
of duty bearers and community harmonize DRR-CCA programs, projects
awareness which heightens the and activities across the government
degradation of environmental resources; units and enhance the system of
(e) lack of community engagement and monitoring the utilization of the DRRM
participation in DRR-CCA initiatives funds, among others.
Strategic Framework
Ensuring ecological integrity and following subsector outcomes should
improving socioeconomic condition of have been achieved: (a) the region’s
communities will contribute to natural resources and sustaining the
enhancing the social fabric or functioning of its ecosystem services
“Malasakit”; reducing inequality or enhanced; (b) environmental quality
“Pagbabago”; and increasing growth improved, and (c) the adaptive capacity
potential or “Patuloy na Pag-unlad” and resiliency of the ecosystem and the
towards laying down the foundation for communities improved. Figure 20.1
inclusive growth, a high-trust and presents the Strategic Framework to
resilient society, and a globally Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean and
competitive economy. By 2022, the Healthy Environment.
Targets
The Bicol RDP 2017-2022 targets to urban centers with good ambient air
increase the forest cover from 202,445 quality. Seven cities and 107
hectares in 2010. It targets to increase the municipalities are targeted to have
proportion of bodies of water with good operational local DRR and CCA plans.
ambient water quality and the number of
17
Based on 2015 Philippine Forestry Statistics data

Figure 20.1. Strategic Framework to Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy
Environment, 2017-2022
Strategies
The following strategies will help achieve benefits. Adopting the integrated
the subsector outcomes to address the ecosystem management or the ridge-
challenges presented above: to-reef approach shall also be
considered to ensure the
Subsector Outcome 1. interconnectivity of the different
Functioning of ecosystem ecosystems.
services sustained
Forest and Watershed. Reforestation and
 Promote sustainable management of rehabilitation of degraded forestlands
resources by adopting integrated including critical watershed shall be given
ecosystem management or the ridge- priority. This will be supported by
to-reef approach. The ENR protecting and conserving the existing
condition of the region shall be forest ecosystem particularly its
enhanced to ensure that the biodiversity to ensure the sustainability of
functioning of its ecosystem services forest services. Land administration and
will continuously support the needs of management shall be improved by
the present and future population. To strengthening the partnership between
achieve this, sustainable management and among various agencies of the
of forest including mangrove, coastal, government. Formulation and updating
marine, and the mineral resources of of CLUPs and ZOs at the local level shall
the region shall be promoted and be strengthened. Major programs,
strengthened to ensure its long term activities and projects supporting these

strategies include NGP, agro-forestry communities include: (a) identification of
development, forest resource assessment, possible Minahang Bayan areas and
watershed management and protected establishment of Minahang Bayan; (b)
area management, forest land use enforcement of regulations on the safety
planning, Integrated Bicol River and environmental standards on mining;
Watershed Management and and (c) conduct of capacity building
Development, anti-illegal logging activities and awareness raising
campaigns, biodiversity conservation and campaigns particularly to small scale
protection through the LAWIN System18 miners, among others.
land administration management system;
and updating of CLUPs and ZOs in the Wetlands and Caves. Strengthening the
local level, among others. management of wetlands and caves
especially those with high conservation
Coastal and Marine. To sustain the value, including effective communication
coastal and marine ecosystem services, of sustainable practices and enforcement
strict implementation of existing policies, of biodiversity regulations shall be
and strengthening the protection and adopted.
management of coastal and marine
resources shall be adopted. Major Subsector Outcome 2.
programs, activities and projects include Environmental quality Improved
mangrove rehabilitation program,
establishment of marine protected areas  Strict enforcement of environmental
and sanctuaries, marine mammal and policies. Existing environmental
elasmobranchs stranded response policies shall be strictly enforced
program, capacity building on coastal especially at the local level to avoid
resources management to LGUs and further deterioration of the
fisherfolks, and SCUBAsurero, among environmental quality in the region.
others.
Air Quality Management. Existing
Mineral Resources. The management and policies particularly the R.A. 8749 or the
protection of mineral resources shall be Clean Air Act shall be strictly enforced.
strengthened by adopting responsible Implementation of programs, activities
mining practices to sustain the integrity and projects that will contribute to the
of mineral resources in the region. attainment of the desired outcome
Compliance of mining industry to include anti-smoke belching campaigns
existing policies shall be strictly enforced, and vehicle testing, and maintenance and
and activities addressing the proliferation establishment of air quality monitoring
of illegal small scale mining activities stations, among others.
shall be implemented. The major
programs, activities and projects to
safeguard the integrity of the
environment and mining-affected
18
A science-based approach to protect the forest and biodiversity
Water Quality Management. The RA implementation of SCP policies and
9275 or the Clean Water Act of 2004 shall initiatives particularly practices and
be strictly enforced. Water quality technologies that will facilitate
monitoring shall be enhanced by attainment of both economic goals
maintaining the number of water and environmental standards. This
monitoring stations, and establishing the can be done by establishing
required number of water quality sustainable markets for recyclables
management areas. The improvement of and recycled products, and adoption
sewage and septage facilities in the urban of appropriate waste management
areas, and establishment of waste water technology, clean production
and septage treatment facility in firm and technology, eco-friendly industries
manufacturing industries shall be and adoption of green technology.
observed. The major programs, activities
and projects to be implemented in Subsector Outcome 3. Improved
support to these strategies include Adopt- adaptive capacity and resiliency
an-Estero Program, Sagip-Ilog Program of the ecosystem and
and IEC campaigns, among others. communities
Land Quality Management. One of the To ensure that adaptive capacities and
key strategies to ensure land quality is the the resiliency of Bicolanos will improve,
promotion of sustainable land strengthening the implementation of
management (SLM). Activities such as CCA, and pre and post disaster
capacity building of LGUs on planning interventions shall be adopted. The
and management of land resources, as vulnerability reduction strategies
well as integration of SLM into sectoral, identified in the Bicol RSDF shall be
national, and local development plans adopted across sectors to address disaster
shall be given priority. The management and climate risks. Activities aiming to
of solid, toxic and hazardous waste shall reduce the vulnerabilities, and
be enhanced. Compliance of LGUs to RA strengthening the physical, social,
9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste economic, and environmental
Management Act of 2000 in relation to capacities of the region shall be given
the establishment of MRFs and sanitary priority (Refer to Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
landfills shall be enforced. Practice of and 19).
3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) and proper
waste management, particularly in the  Strengthen implementation of DRR-
local and household level, shall be CCA measures. The implementation
strengthened. Agricultural waste disposal of DRR-CCA interventions including
shall be improved, and green manuring prevention, mitigation and
and composting shall be promoted. preparedness activities shall be
intensified from the regional to local
 Promote sustainable consumption level. Activities addressing the existing
and production (SCP). The region gaps and challenges as identified in
shall support the development and the assessment such as enhancement

of the risk assessment process, disaster management process shall be
installations and maintenance of early encouraged to ensure that their
warning systems, development of concerns will be heard and
regional database and monitoring of considered.
the utilization of local DRRM funds
shall be given emphasis. Other  Enhance post-disaster mechanism.
programs, activities and projects that The build back better principle shall
will support these strategies include: serve as the overarching principle in
(a) capacity building for LGUs on the implementation of post disaster
hazard awareness and disaster interventions particularly in
preparedness; (b) conduct of hazard, rehabilitation and recovery. To ensure
vulnerability and risk assessment; (c) that appropriate and prompt delivery
Operation LISTO19; (d) Project of response and recovery
NOAH, and (d) Project DEWS interventions are provided, the
(Deployment of Early Warning response and recovery mechanism of
Systems), among others. the region shall be strengthened.
Enhancement of the coordination and
 Adopt community-based DRR-CCA reporting protocols during disasters,
approach. Adoption of community- and improving the post disaster
based DRR-CCA approach shall be assessment process (rapid disaster
taken into consideration to reduce the needs assessment and post disaster
vulnerabilities and increase the needs assessment) shall be given
capacities of communities at-risk. The priority to ensure that appropriate
participation of vulnerable groups interventions will be provided to
such as children, differently-abled rightful beneficiaries.
persons and women in all stages of
Cross-cutting strategies
To further support the three subsector discussions to ensure that the views
outcomes, the following cross-cutting of all concerned sectors are
strategies are identified: considered prior to decision making
shall be strengthened.
 Strengthen multi-stakeholder
participation at all levels. The  Continue capacity building,
involvement of various sectors in institutional strengthening, and
the planning, implementation, as IEC campaigns. Strengthening the
well as monitoring and evaluation of capacities of individuals, groups
programs, activities and projects and institutions shall be adopted
shall be encouraged. The conduct of across subsectors especially those
multi-stakeholder consultations and that have the direct engagement and
19
A program of DILG for disaster preparedness

prime responsibilities in protecting address information and
the environment. The IEC communication gap, and to
campaigns shall be enhanced to harmonize government efforts
increase level of awareness of the across agencies.
population including knowledge on
the importance of protecting the  Strengthen alliance and enhance
ecological integrity especially at the partnership between CSOs,
community level. community volunteers and private
sectors. The importance of working
 Enhance information management, harmoniously with various sectors
assessment process, and of the society is vital in the
communication mechanism from development process of the region.
the local to regional level. Alliance and partnership between
Information management, assessment CSOs, volunteers and private sectors
process, and communication shall be strengthened across
mechanism shall be enhanced to subsectors to achieve better result.

Chapter 21
Plan Implementation and

Monitoring

Investment Programming
Pursuant to Executive Order No. 325, s. requirements of the Bicol RDC in the
1996, the Bicol RDC shall coordinate the identification and prioritization of PAPs
implementation of the Bicol RDP. The for inclusion in the RDIP and in the
strategies identified in the Bicol RDP regional budget proposals of the agencies.
2017-2022 are translated into doable The CIPG covers the priority PAPs of the
programs, activities, and projects that will regional line agencies (RLAs),
contribute to the attainment of the government-owned and controlled
objectives and targets. These PAPs are corporations (GOCC), LGUs, SUCs, and
contained in the regional development special development bodies in the region
investment plan (RDIP), an that require national government
accompanying document of the RDP, support. The PAPs in the RDIP are
which has six-year time horizon. The updated and revalidated annually to
preparation of the RDIP is guided by the ensure that these are consistent with the
Comprehensive Investment national and regional development
Programming Guidelines (CIPG) which priorities.
provides the principles, processes, and
Project Development
The development of projects is anchored SUCs in project planning and
on the need to meet the development development. It shall also provide
targets for the region. The prioritization technical support services, through its
of such projects shall be determined by technical working group, to improve the
the Bicol Project Development quality of project proposals and feasibility
Committee (BPDC) of the RDC. The studies, and facilitate the review,
BPDC shall be reorganized to serve as a evaluation, and endorsement of proposed
technical and facilitating body of the projects for possible funding.
Bicol RDC in assisting RLAs, LGUs, and
Financing
The implementation of the PAPs in the General Appropriations Act, ODA,
Bicol RDP can be funded out of the corporate funds of GOCCs, government

financial institutions (GFIs), and local the strategies and PAPs shall be
government revenues. The private sector undertaken by the RLAs, GOCCs, GFIs,
shall also be tapped for PPP projects or LGUs, SUCs, and other implementing
joint venture agreements with the LGUs agencies.
as provided under the Local Government
Code of 1991. The implementation of
Monitoring
Regional Project Monitoring and targets, means of verification, responsible
Evaluation System. The agencies, assumptions, and risks.
implementation of the PAPs in the Bicol
RDP shall be monitored under the Regional Development Report. An
Regional Project Monitoring and annual Regional Development Report
Evaluation System (RPMES) and the (RDR) shall be prepared to present the
assessment of plan implementation assessment of the Bicol RDP
system. The Bicol RDC shall enjoin all implementation using the RMs. It shall
RLAs, GOCCs, SUCs, LGUs, PSOs, and assess the achievements and gaps in
other concerned stakeholders to carry out relation to the objectives and targets
the monitoring function in accordance indicated in the Bicol RDP. Focus group
with their respective mandates, levels and discussions (FGDs) and/or sectoral and
responsibilities. It shall involve the regional integration workshops shall be
evaluation of accomplishments vis-à-vis conducted with stakeholders in
the plan objectives and targets. The government, private sector, and CSOs to
RPMES shall be used to gather, process, gather information on the extent to
and organize the status of which the strategies, policies, and
implementation of programs and projects programs and projects implemented have
that contribute to the achievement of contributed in achieving the Bicol RDP
Bicol RDP targets. Inputs from the objectives. Other information that will
RLAs, GOCCs, SUCs, LGUs, PSOs and be generated include the contributing
other stakeholders shall be gathered and factors or best practices that facilitated
shall be based on the results matrix. project implementation; hindering
factors that delayed or hampered project
Results Matrix. Consistent with the implementation; and actions to facilitate
management for results which the public project implementation.
sector is pursuing, the results matrix
(RM) shall be used as a tool in Other reports. Other sources of
monitoring the progress of the Bicol RDP information that can be used as bases in
implementation. The RMs contain the assessment of Bicol RDP
statements of the goals and outcomes implementation are the Bicol
with corresponding indicators, baseline Development Updates, agencies and
information, annual and end-of plan LGUs annual reports, the Semestral

Regional Economic Situationer, the which contain information on programs,
regional project monitoring and activities, and projects implementation.
evaluation reports, and other reports
Regional Research Agenda (RRA)

The regional research agenda (RRA) shall services and science and technology
be formulated to support the attainment (S&T) in the region to ensure that
of the objectives of the Bicol RDP and the research recommendations are converted
long-term vision of the Filipinos or the into tangible tools that can be used for
AmBisyon Natin 2040. The research commercialization and utilization. It is
agenda shall be aligned with the priorities headed by the regional director of the
of the National Science and Technology DOST Region 5 with the regional
Plan. The preparation of the RRA shall directors of the DA, DENR, DOH,
be spearheaded by the Research and CHED, NEDA, DepEd, and presidents of
Development Committee created as a the Bicol University, Camarines Sur
special committee under the RDC. It shall Polytechnic College, and Ateneo de Naga
be the governing body on research University as initial members.
Advocacy
The Advocacy Plan for the Bicol RDP, NEDA, PIA, DepEd, CHED, DOH,
PDP, and the AmBisyon Natin 2040 shall DSWD, DTI, DA, DENR, DPWH, DILG,
be prepared and implemented to raise the LGU-PPDO, and RDC-PSRs. The
level of awareness, promote commitment, advocacy plan shall build on the existing
sustain ownership, and encourage collaboration and partnership among the
participation of various stakeholders in government and private sectors, and civil
the region as development partners. society organizations.
An ad hoc committee shall be created to The advocacy activities shall include (a)
assist the NEDA Region 5 in formulating production and dissemination of
a communication and advocacy plan that advocacy materials; (b) creation of an
will serve as guide in advocating and inter-agency and multi-sectoral pool of
promoting the Bicol RDP, PDP, and the speakers; (c) conduct of advocacy
AmBisyon Natin 2040. It shall be caravans; and (d) advertisements through
composed of representatives from quad media.

List of Acronyms
ADM Assistance to Disadvantaged Municipalities
ADP Area Development Plan
ADR Alternative Dispute Res olution
AEC ASEAN Economic Community
AF Agriculture and Fishery
AFF Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery
AFMA Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Act
AfMech Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization
AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines
AHFF Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry and Fishery
AI artificial insemination
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIP Annual Investment Plan
ALECO Albay Electric Cooperative
ALMASOR Albay Masbate Sorsogon
APEC Albay Power and Energy Corporation
ARBs Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
ARTA Anti-Red Tape Act
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASTI Advanced Science and Technology Institute
ATMs automated teller machines
ATN Assistance-to-Nations
BacMan Bacon-Manito
BCAARRD Bicol Consortium for Agriculture, Aquatic and
Natural Resources Research and Development
BCHRD Bicol Consortium for Health Research and
Development
BCIEERD Bicol Consortium for Industry, Energy and
Emerging Technology Research and
Development
BEFF Basic Education Facilities Fund
BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
BFICC Bicol Food Innovation and Commercialization
Center
BFP Bureau of Fire Protection
BHS Barangay Health Stations
BIA Bicol International Airport
BINs Barangay Information Networks


BIRTH Bicol Innovation Research and Technology
Hub
BJMP Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
BLGF Bureau of Local Governance Finance
BOC Bureau of Claims
BOC Bureau of Customs
BOSS Business One-Stop-Shop
BOT Build-Operate-Transfer
BPLS Business Permit and Licensing System
BRBWMP Bicol River Basin Watershed Management
Project
BRDC Bicol Research and Development Committee
BRICE Bicol Regional Invention Contests and Exhibits
BRTC Bicol Regional Tourism Committee
BSP Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
BTA Bayanihan Team Activity
BU Bicol University
BuB Bottom-Up Budgeting
CAAP Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines
CADC Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim
CADT Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title
CALABARZON Cavite Laguna Batangas Rizal Quezon
CANORECO Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative
CARPER Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Extension with Reforms
CBMS Community-Based Monitoring System
CBSUA Central Bicol State University of Agriculture
CCTVs closed circuit televisions
CDA Cooperative Development Authority
CDF controlled disposal facilities
CDP Comprehensive Development Plan
CELA Certificate of Land Allocation
CHED Commission on Higher Education
CHR Commission on Human Rights
CICL Children In Conflict with the Law
CIPG Comprehensive Investment Programming
Guidelines
CIRS Crime Incident Recording System
CLIP Comprehensive Local Integration Program
CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CMCI Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness
Index

CMO Civil Military Operations
CMP Community Mortgage Program
CMRFD Conflict Manageable and Ready for Further
Development
COA Commission on Audit
CPI Consumer Price Index
CPP-NPA-NDF Communist Party of the Philippines-New
People’s Army-National Democratic Front
CREBA Chamber of Real Estate and Builders’
Association
CSC Civil Service Commission
CSO Civil Society Organization
CSU Catanduanes State University
DA Department of Agriculture
DAO Department Administration Order
DBM Department of Budget and Management
DENR Department of Environment and Natural
Resources
DepEd Department of Education
DEWS Deployment of Early Warning Systems
DICT Department of Information, Communication
and Technology
DILG Department of the Interior and Local
Government
DOH Department of Health
DOJ Department of Justice
DOJAC DOJ Action Center
DOLE Department of Labor and Employment
DOST Department of Science and Technology
DOT Department of Tourism
DOTr Department of Transportation
DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways
DRR-CCA Disaster Rick Reduction and Climate Change
Adaptation
DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
DRRMCs Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Councils
DRRMOs Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Officers
DSWD Department of Social Welfare and
Development


DTI Department of Trade and Industry
ECAs Environmentally Critical Areas
EDC Energy Development Corporation
EMB Environmental Management Bureau
ENR Environment and Natural Resources
EO Executive Order
ESWMA Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
FDI Foreign Direct Investments
FDP Full Disclosure Policy
FGDs Focused Group Discussions
FLEMMS Functional Literacy, Education and Mass
Media Survey
FIC Food Innovation Centers
FLUP Forest Land Use Planning
FMRs Farm to Market Roads
FNRI Food and Nutrition Research Institute
FOI Freedom of Information
FS feasibility study
GAP Good Agricultural Practices
GAqP Good Aquaculture Practices
GCG Governance Commission for Government
Owned and Controlled Corporations
GCI Global Competitiveness Index
GDP gross domestic product
GFH Good Financial Housekeeping
GFIs Government Financial Institutions
GHP good handling practices
GIDAs geographically isolated and disadvantaged
areas
GIS Geographic Information System
GNP Gross National Product
GOCCs government owned or controlled corporations
GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product
GCR Greater Capital Region
GSIS Government Service Insurance System
GUICADALE Guinobatan-Camalig-Daraga-Legazpi
GVA gross value added
G&OKB Gayon AsinOrgullo Kan Bikol
HEIs Higher Education Institutions
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HOMA Housing Materials Assistance
HR Human Resource

HRD Human Resource Development
HRM Human Resource Management
HUDCC Housing and Urban Development Coordinating
Council
HVC high value crops
IA irrigator’s association
IACAT Inter-Agency Council Against Trafficking
ICC Investment Coordinating Committee
ICT Information Communication Technology
ICT Information Communication Technology
Office
IEC Information, Education and Communication
IPs Indigenous Peoples
IPAC Inclusive Partnership for Agricultural
Competitiveness
IRA internal revenue allotment
IRP Integrated Reorganization Plan
JAR Judicial Affidavit Rule
JMC Joint Memorandum Circular
LACAP Localized Anti-Crime Action Plan
LCE Local Chief Executive
LCUDIP Legazpi City Urban Drainage Improvement
Project
LDR loans to deposits ratio
LGC Local Government Code
LGU Local government Unit
LGSP-LED Local Governance Supp ort Prog ram for Local
Economic De velopment
LLE lawless elements
LQ Location Quotient
LSDF Luzon Spatial Development Framework
LTFRB Land Transportation Franchising and
Regulatory Board
LTO Land Transportation Office
MARINA Maritime Industry Authority
MASA MASID Mamamayang Ayaw Sa Anomalya,
Mamamayang Ayaw Sa Ilegal na Droga
MC Memorandum Circular
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau
MICE Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events


MISP National Internal Security Plan
MOA Memorandum of Agreement
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MOVE Men Opposed to VAW Everywhere
MRF Materials Recovery Facility
MSMED Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise
Development
MSMEs Micro, small and medium enterprises
MT metric ton
M&As mergers and acquisitions
NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information
Authority
NAPC National Anti-Poverty Commission
NAT National Achievement Test
NCC National Competitiveness Council
NCCA National Commission for Culture and the Arts
NCP National Competition Policy
NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
NCR National Capital Region
NEDA National Economic and Development
Authority
NEA National Electrification Administration
NGOs non-government organizations
NGP National Greening Program
NHA National Housing Authority
NHCP National Historical Commission of the
Philippines
NHFR National Health Facility Registry
NHIP National Health Insurance Program
NIA National Irrigation Administration
NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System
NOAH Nationwide Operational Assessment of
Hazards
NPS National Prosecution Service
NSCM National Solid Waste Management
Commission
NSRP North South Railway Project
NSS National Spatial Strategy
NTC National Telecommunications Commission
OCD Office of Civil Defense
ODA Official Development Assistance

OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development
OFs Overseas Filipinos
OFC Office for Competition
OFW Overseas Filipino Worker
OJT on-the-job training
OneLab One Stop Laboratory Services for Global
Competitiveness
OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
PACD Public Assistance and Complaints Disk
PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration
PAMANA Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan
PAPs Programs, Activities and Projects
PCA Philippine Coconut Authority
PCA Philippines Competition Act
PCC Philippine Competition Commission
PCG Philippine Coast Guard
PCIP Provincial Commodity Investment Plans
PDP Philippine Development Plan
PDPFP Provincial Development Physical Framework
Plan
PESO Public Employment Service Offices
PFM Public Financial Management
PFMIP PFM Improvement Plan
PGR population growth rate
PhilFIDA Philippine Fiber Development Authority
PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology
PHFD Philippine Health Facility Development Plan
PHIC Philippine Health Insurance System
PI preliminary investigation
PIDP Participatory Irrigation Development Project
PIDS Philippine Institute for Development Studies
PMR Product Market Regulation
PNP Philippine National Police
PNR Philippine National Railways
POs People’s Organizations
POWER-GT Promotion Of Women Empowerment and
Rights of Genders for Tourism
PPP Purchasing Power of Peso


PPP Public-Private Partnership
PRDP Philippine Rural Development Project
PRIME Poverty Reduction thru Inf rastructure,
Investments, MSMEs & Eco-agri-tourism
PRIME-HRM Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and
Excellence in Human Resource Management
Pro-GED Promotion of Green Economic Development
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority
PSOs private sector organizations
PTB passenger terminal building
PWD person with disability
QMS Quality Management System
QueBEx Quezon-Bicol Expressway
RA Republic Act
RAP-LGU Resettlement Assistance Program for LGUs
RCM Risk and Crisis Management
RCS Report Card Survey
RDC Regional Development Council
RDIP Regional Development Investment Program
RDP Regional Development Plan
RDR Regional Development Report
RHU Rural Health Unit
RLAs Regional Line Agencies
RLUC Regional Land Use Committee
RM Results Matrix
RORO Roll-On/Roll-Off
ROW right-of-way
RPMEs Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation
System
RPRH Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health
RRA Regional Research Agenda
RSCC Regional Sector Coordinating Council
RSDF Regional Spatial Development Framework
RSTL and RML Regional Standards and Testing Laboratory
and Regional Metrology Laboratory
R&D Research and Development
SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries
Development Zone
SCP sustainable consumption and production
SALINTUBIG Sagana at Ligtas na Tubig Para sa Lahat
SCRP Safe Closure and Rehabilitation Plans

SETUP Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading
Program
SGH Seal of Good Housekeeping
SGLG Seal of Good Local Governance
SHFC Social Housing Finance Corporation
SHS Senior High School
SLIA South Luzon International Airport
SLM sustainable land management
SM Shoe Mart
SPMS Strategic Performance Management System
SRIP Small Reservoir Irrigation Project
SSFs shared ser vice facilities
SSIPs small scale irrigation project/systems
STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math
STEP-CCA Sustainable Tourism thru Environmental
Protection & Climate Change Adaptation
STI S cience and Technolog y Institute
SUCs State Universities and Colleges
SWM S olid Waste Management
S&T Science and Technology
TC Tropical Cyclones
TDGVA tourism direct gross value added
TESDA Technical Educational and Skills Development
Authority
TGPP Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant
THIRIS Tigman-Hinagyanan-Inarihan River Irrigation
System
TIME Tourism Information, Marketing & Enterprise
TISP Tourism Industr y Skills Program
TRIPP Tourism Road Inf rastructure Priority Project
T TCI Travel & Tourism C ompetitiveness Index
Triple C Camarines Norte C amarines Sur and
Catanduanes
TVET Technical-Vocational Education and Training
T&T Travel and Tourism
UDHA Urban Development and Housing Act
ULIMS Unified Laboratory Information Management
System
USA United States of America
UV utility van
VAWC Violence Against Women and Children


WPP Witness Protection Program
WPIS e-Wanted Person Information System
WQMA Water Quality Management Area
WTO World Trade Organization
ZO Zoning Ordinance
4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program


Bicol RDP 2017-2022
Planning Committees
DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE
Armed Forces of the Philippine (AFP)
Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
Bureau of Local Government Finance (BLGF)
Civil Service Commission (CSC)
Commission on Human Rights (CHR)
Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Department of Justice (DOJ)
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
Office of Civil Defense (OCD)
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
Philippine Information Agency (PIA)
Philippine National Police (PNP)
Presidential Management Staff (PMS)
Secretariat: NEDA - Policy Formulation and Planning Division
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)
Cooperative Development Authority (CDA)
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
Department of Agriculture (DA)
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Department of Tourism (DOT)
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
Planning Committees 283

Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
Mines and GeoSciences Bureau (MGB)
National Food Authority (NFA)
Philippine Fiber Development Authority (PhilFIDA)
Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA)
Secretariat: NEDA - Project Development, Investment Programming

and Budgeting Division
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP)
Department of Energy (DOE)
Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT)
Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB)
Land Transportation Office (LTO)
Maritime Industry and Naval Authority (MARINA)
National Electrification Administration (NEA)
National Irrigation Authority (NIA)
National Telecommunications Commission (NTC)
Philippine National Railways (PNR)
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Secretariat: NEDA - Project Monitoring ad Evaluation Division
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

Bicol University (BU)
Camarines Norte State College (CNSC)
Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
Department of Education (DepEd)
Department of Health (DOH)
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

Dr. Emilio B. Espinosa Sr. Memorial State College of Agriculture and
Technology (DEBESMSCAT)
Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC)
Partido State University (PSU)
Population Commission (POPCOM)
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)
National Nutrition Council (NNC)
National Housing Authority (NHA)
National Youth Commission (NYC)
Technical Education Skills Development Authority (TESDA)
Secretariat: NEDA - Development Research Division
Planning Committees 285

RDP 2017-2022 Secretariat
Office of the Regional Director Policy Formulation and Planning
Division
RD Agnes M. Espinas Maria Teresa T. Chong
ARD Edna Cynthia S. Berces Gwendolyn S. Bitare
Agnes May B. Alta Marites D. Paje
Nimfa B. Bilasano Nancy K. Fernandez
Ma. Angelica L. Aycardo Jubemay A. Mangalino
Richel S. Arrogancia
Ruby Anne B. Lorca
Project Development, Investment Project Monitoring and Evaluation

Programming, Budgeting Division Division
Gilberto A. Abion Felix M. Lositaño
Ma. Dinna Lynne L. Ordoña Ellezer P. Adan
Yole A. Palmiano Arlyn R. Ramirez
Ester B. Barria Joel R. Lustina
Gieza R. Esparraguerra Rianne B. Blanza
Michelle B. Brosas Grace C. Torres
Development Research Division Finance & Administrative Division

Jasmin C. Zantua Rosemarie O. Buan
Noe R. Racho Adelfa M. Lositaño
Anna Liz A. Bellen Preciosa Bautista
Ma. Theresa B. Añonuevo Sol C. Longasa
Joie Anne Y. Cultivo Jurochelle Gianan
Lilia Avis
Information Technology Unit Jomar Ocsina
Ronaldo Mendoza Arcadio O. Sala
Ronaldo B. Bañas Pamela May Lovendino
Emmanuel Chivic O. Llaguno
Catherine Rivera
Bienvenido Mendoza
Dalton Paje
Vicente C. Macasinag
Ruben A. Vergara
Gabriel Burac

Annex A
Proposed Network of Settlements in the Bicol RSDF
REGIONAL SUB-REGIONAL
PROVINCIAL CENTER LOCAL CENTER
CENTER CENTER
Legazpi City Daet, Camarines Norte Aroroy, Masbate Bagamanoc, Catanduanes
Naga City Iriga City Baao, Camarines Sur Balatan, Camarines Sur
Ligao City Bacacay, Albay Baleno, Masbate
Masbate City Buhi, Camarines Sur Balud, Masbate
Matnog, Sorsogon Bula, Camarines Sur Baras, Catanduanes
Pili, Camarines Sur Bulan, Sorsogon Barcelona, Sorsogon
Sorsogon City Calabanga, Camarines Sur Basud, Camarines Norte
Tabaco City Camalig, Albay Bato, Camarines Sur
Virac, Catanduanes Castilla, Sorsogon Bato, Catanduanes
Cawayan, Masbate Batuan, Masbate
Daraga, Albay Bombon, Camarines Sur
Goa, Camarines Sur Bulusan, Sorsogon
Gubat, Sorsogon Cabusao, Camarines Sur
Guinobatan, Albay Camaligan, Camarines Sur
Irosin, Sorsogon Canaman, Camarines Sur
J. Panganiban, Camarines Norte Capalonga, Camarines Norte
Labo, Camarines Norte Caramoan, Camarines Sur
Lagonoy, Camarines Sur Caramoran, Catanduanes
Libmanan, Camarines Sur Casiguran, Sorsogon
Libon, Albay Cataingan, Masbate
Milagros, Masbate Claveria, Masbate
Nabua, Camarines Sur Del Gallego, Camarines Sur
Oas, Albay Dimasalang, Masbate
Paracale, Camarines. Norte Donsol, Sorsogon
Pilar, Sorsogon Esperanza, Masbate
Placer, Masbate Garchitorena, Camarines Sur
Polangui, Albay Gainza, Camarines Sur
Ragay, Camarines Sur Gigmoto, Catamduanes
Sipocot, Camarines Sur Jovellar, Albay
Tinambac, Camarines Sur Juban, Sorsogon
Tiwi, Albay Lupi, Camarines Sur
Uson, Masbate Magallanes, Sorsogon
Magarao, Camarines Sur
Malilipot, Albay
Malinao, Albay
Mandaon, Masbate
Annexes
289

REGIONAL SUB-REGIONAL
PROVINCIAL CENTER LOCAL CENTER
CENTER CENTER
Manito, Albay
Mercedes, Camarines Norte
Milaor, Camarines Sur
Minalabac, Camarines Sur
Mobo, Masbate
Monreal, Masbate
Ocampo, Cam. Sur
Palanas, Masbate
Pamplona, Camarines Sur
Pandan, Catanduanes
Panganiban, Catanduanes
Pasacao, Camarines Sur
Pio V. Corpuz, Masbate
Pio Duran, Albay
Presentacion, Camarines Sur
Prieto Diaz, Sorsogon
Rapu-rapu, Albay
Sagñay, Camarines Sur
San Andres, Catanduanes
San Fernando, Camarines Sur
San Fernando, Masbate
San Jacinto, Masbate
Sn Lorenzo Ruiz, Camarines Norte
San Miguel, Catanduanes
San Pascual, Masbate
San Vicente, Camarines Norte
Sta. Elena, Camarines Norte
Sta. Magdalena, Sorsogon
Sto. Domngo, Albay
San Jose, Camarines Sur
Siruma, Camarines Sur
Talisay, Camarines Norte
Tigaon, Camarines Sur
Viga, Catanduanes
Vinzons, Camarines Norte

Annex B
Table 1. List of RSDF Core Infrastructure PAPs
IMPLEMENTATION LSDF
COST FUND STATUS
PROJECT NAME SHORT DESCRIPTION LOCATION PERIOD STRATEGY
(PBILLION) SOURCE
START FINISH ONGOING PROPOSED A B C
JCT AH26 (Maharlika Widening of Polangui-Pantao raod to a 4- Polangui and 1.072 GAA 2015 2025 x /
Highway to Pantao Port lane highway and correction of alignment Libon, Albay
and grade. Approximately 16 km. The
project will provide transport connectivity to
Pantao port.
Matnog-Bulan- Concreting of 60.5 kms. road leading to Sorsogon 1.865 GAA 2015 2025 x
Magallanes Road Matnog port
Matnog-Sta. Concreting of 30 kms. road leading to Sorsogon 0.925 GAA 2015 2025 x
Magdalena-Bulusan Matnog port
road
Jct Asid-Bara-Malbug Construction of 30 kms road and 180 LM Masbate 0.603 GAA 2015 2025 x
road bridge leading to Milagros port
Sorsogon-Samar Sorsogon and 93.8 GAA 2015 2035 x /
Seamless Corridor Samar
Project
Don PiCaSo Highway Sorsogon 2.003 GAA 2015 2035 x
Cadac-an River The Cadac-an River Basin covers an area of Sorsogon 1.755 GAA 2015 2035 x /
Development Project 19,027 hectares located alongthe Irosin-
Juban valley. The project will have the
following components: (1) flood mitigation
which includes river embankment, dredging
of heavily silted river bed, bamboo
plantation,and flood forecasting and warning
system; (2) roads and bridges; (3) irrigation;
(4) eco-tourism; and (5) watershed
Annexes
management.
Jose Panganiban Port Improvement of existing port facilities. With Camarines 0.402 DOTC/ 2015 2035 x /
RoRo and PTB. The port inter-regional Norte PPA
connectivity to Quezon province.
| 291
292 | Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Cont... Table 1
IMPLEMENTATI LSDF
COST FUND ON PERIOD
STATUS
STRATEGY
PROJECT NAME SHORT DESCRIPTION LOCATION
(PBILLION) SOURCE

Bulan Port Improvement of existing port facilities. The Sorosogon 0.67 DOTC/ 2015 2035 x /
port serves as secondary gateway to Visayas PPA
and Mindanao.
Milagros Port Improvement of existing port facilities. With Masbate 0.67 DOTC/ 2015 2025 x /
RoRo and PTB. The port will serve as PPA
gateway to Roxas City, Estancia, Iloilo and
provide connectivity to tourism development
in the Bicol region, Regions 6 and 7.
Cawayan Port Improvement of existing port facilities. With Masbate 0.67 DOTC/ 2015 2025 x /
RoRo and PTB. The port will serve Bogo City PPA
and Cebu City.

South Luzon International Construction of a new domestic Principal Daraga, Albay 6.43 GAA 2015 2025 x /
Airport Class 1 airport of international standards to
replace existing Legazpi Airport due to its
limited physical expandability and operational
safety concerns. The project will suport
functional role of Legazpi as a regional
growth center.
New Masbate Airport Relocation of the airport to Cayabon, Masbate 3.35 GAA 2015 2035 x /
Milagros, Masbate. The development of the
new airport calls for the relocation of the
existing airport due to its limited operational
capacity and safety concerns.
North-South Railway The NSRP involves three phases: Phase 1 Region 4A, and 5 228.738 PPP 2015 2025 x /
Project - South Line (north line) is 37 kms. commuter train from
Malolos-Tutuban; Phase 2 (south line - 653
kms.) composed of 56 kms. Tutuban-
Calamba commuter rail, 478 kms. Manila-
Calamba-Legazpi long haul, and 117 kms.
proposed extension line Legazpi-Matnog; and
Phase 3 (north line - 575 kms. composed of
266 kms. Manila-Tarlac-San Fernando, 55
kms. Tarlac-San Jose, and 254 kms. San
Jose-Tuguegarao.
Virac Airport Upgrading of the airport facilities in Catanduanes 0.536 GAA 2015 2025 x /
accordance to ICAO standards
Arimbay-Sta. Misericordia Construction of a 2.5 kms viaduct along the Albay (Legazpi 0.002 2015 2035 x /
Viaduct Legazpi-Tabaco road City and Sto.
Domingo)

Cont... Table 1
LSDF
COST FUND IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD STATUS
PROJECT NAME SHORT DESCRIPTION LOCATION STRATEGY
(PBILLION) SOURCE
Andaya Highway (Quirino) Widening of Andaya Highway to a 4-lane Sipocot/Lupi/Ragay( 3.685 GAA 2015 2025 x /
highway and correction of alignment and Camarines Sur) &
grade. Approximately 55 kms. The beginning Tagkawayan,Quezon
of the project will connect the terminus of
Malicboy Freeway. The project will serve as
an alternate highway to the south serving the
Bicol region, and the Visayas and Mindanao
regions
Libmanan Freeway Widening of the existing AH-26 Highway Camarines Sur 2.144 GAA 2015 2025 x /
(Maharlika Highway) to a 4-lane highway
from Jct. Sipocot-San Fernando, Camarines
Sur (32 kms.), The beginning of the project
will connect the terminus of Andaya Freeway.
The project will the Bicol region, and road
users goin to the Visayas and Mindanao
regions
Legazpi Port Legazpi City 1.34 DOTC/ 2015 2035 x /
PPA
Tabaco Port Improvement of existing port facilities. With Tabaco City 1.34 DOTC/ 2015 2035 x /
RoRo and PTB. The port provides PPA
international connectivity
Masbate Port Improvement of existing port facilities. With Masbate 1.34 DOTC/ 2015 2035 x /
RoRo and PTB. The port provides inter- PPA
regional connectivity to Batangas, Manila and
Lucena City.
Bicol Regional (Pantao) Improvement of existing port facilities. With Libon, Albay 1.34 DOTC/ 2015 2035 x /
Port RoRo and PTB. The port provides inter- PPA
regional connectivity to Batangas, Manila and
Lucena City.
Mercedes Port Improvement of existing port facilities. With Camarines Norte 0.469 DOTC/ 2015 2025 x /
RoRo and PTB. The port provides inter- PPA
regional connectivity to Quezon province. It
Annexes
supports the functional role of Daet as sub-

regional center
Matnog Port Improvement of existing port facilities. The Sorsogon 1.34 DOTC/ 2015 2025 x /
port serves as gateway to Visayas and PPA
| 293
Mindanao.

Cont... Table 1

LSDF
(PBILLION) SOURCE
Mandaon Port Relocation of existing Mandaon port to Masbate 1.34 DOTC/ 2015 2025 x /
Maulingon with RoRo facilities and PTB PPA
and access road. The project will serve as
gateway to Roxas City, Sibuyan and
Romblon and provide connectivity to
tourism destinations in the Bicol regions,
Regions 4B, 6 and 7.
Maharlika Highway Widening of Maharlika Highway with Camarines 6.03 GAA 2015 2050 x /
(AH 26) exceptions from del Gallego to Matnog, Norte,
Improviement Sorsogon Camarines Sur,
Project Albay and
Sorsogon
Cataingan Port Improvement of existing port facilities. Masbate 0.67 DOTC/ 2015 2025 x /
The port serves as gateway to Bogo city, PPA
Cebu City, Almagro and Tagpulan, Samar
and provide connectivity to tourism
destinations in the Bicol region, Regions 7
and 8..
Castilla- Castilla and 25.46 GAA 2015 20135 x /
Magallanes Link Magallanes,
Project Sorsogon
Cawayan-Placer Masbate 1.548 GAA 2015 2035 x /
(via Daraga)-
Esperanza Road
New Naga Airport Improvement of existing Naga Airport at Pili, Camarines 4.734 GAA 2015 2035 x /
Project Pili, Camarines Sur and development of a Sur
new airport of international standards.
The development of the new airport calls
for the re-orientation of the existing
airport due to its limited operational
capacity and safety concerns. The project
will suport Naga City as a regional center.
Caramoan Camarines Sur DPWH x /
Peninsula Road
Pioduran- Provinces of DPWH /
Buenavista-Donsol Albay &
Road Sorsogon
Bacon-Manito Bacon, DPWH /
Road Sorsogon &
Manito, Albay

Cont... Table 1

LSDF
(PBILLION) SOURCE
San Vicente- TBI x /
Guijalo Road
Claveria-San Province of DPWH /
Pascual Road Masbate
Old Legazpi Airport Legazpi City TBI x /
Re-development
Project
Amphibian Air Intra-ALMASOR / Inter-Island Tabaco City, TBI x /
Terminal System transportation system that will shorten Masbate City,
travel time of commuters in Pilar, San Pilar, San
Jacinto, Masbate City and Tabaco City & Jacinto
will bring comfort of commuters
especially during inclement weather
situation

TOTAL 398.415

A - Concentration Strategy
B - Connectivity Strategy

C - Vulnerability Reduction Strategy

Annexes
| 295

Table 2. List of RSDF Complementary Infrastructure PAPs

LSDF
(PBILLION) SOURCE

Guicadale Strategic Platform The project consists of 11 Albay (Guinobatan,Camalig, 1.169 GAA 2015 2025 x /
Road Network circumferential road sections & 6 new Daraga, Legazpi)
arterial roads cascading from the
urban centers of Guinobatan,
Camalig, Daraga, Legazpi City and
Jovellar. It was designed to
encourage economic activities safe
from the threats posed by Mayon
volcano eruptions, lahar flows,
flooding and tsunamis. It will also
provide access to the South Luzon
International airport
Albay-Masbate Sorsogon The component roads and bridges 3 provinces (Albay, Masbate, 40.2 GAA 2015 2025 x /
(ALMASOR) Tourism Projects projects will provide the vital link with Sorsogon)
other modes of transportation &
complement other sector PPAs. The
projects will also lead from the
tourism hubs to the tourism
destinations in the 3 provinces
Triple C (Camarines Norte, The component roads and bridges 3 provinces (Camarines Norte, 33.5 GAA 2015 2025 x /
Camarines Sur and projects will provide the vital link with Camarines Sur and

Catanduanes) Tourism Projects other modes of transportation & Catanduanes)
complement other sector PPAs. The
projects will also lead from the
tourism hubs to the tourism
destinations in the 3 provinces
Presentacion-Caramoan Coastal The project consisting of 20.4 kms. Camarines Sur 0.683 GAA 2015 2025 x /
Road that will provide access to Caramoan,
one of the region's major tourism
destination
West Coast Road
Albay The project involves the improvement Albay 1.528 DPWH 2015 2025 x /
of 32 kms. roads to PCCP, the
repair/replacement of 5 bridges - 250
LM and slope protection and drainage
Catanduanes Friendship Bridge Construction of a 10.8 kms. bridge Catanduanes 115.776 TBI 2015 2035 x /
from Tibang (near Codon), San
Andres, Catnaduanes to Rungus Pont,
Camaroan Peninsula in Camarines
Sur. The project will connect the
island province of Catanduanes to
mainand Bicol.

Cont... Table 2
IMPLEMENTATION LSDF
COST FUND STATUS
PROJECT NAME SHORT DESCRIPTION LOCATION PERIOD STRATEGY
(PBILLION) SOURCE
Cagraray-Batan-Rapurapu Construction of 9 bridges (183 LM) Bacacay and Rapu-Rapu, 27.872 GAA 2015 2035 x /
Bridges and 2 viaducts (3.8 kms.) and 38 Albay
kms. road that will connect the
islands of Batan and Rapu-Rapu
Pantao-Balatan-Pasacao Coastal Construction and upgrading of 48.7 Albay & Cam.Sur 1.631 GAA 2015 2025 x /
Road kms. coastal road

Pasacao-Ragay Coastal Road Construction and upgrading of 51.2 Camarines Sur 1.715 GAA 2015 2025 x /
kms. coastal road

Tabaco-Malinao-Buhi Road Improvement of 34.76 km. road Albay & Cam.Sur 1.256 2015 2025 x /

Mercedes-Basud-Sipocot Road Construction/upgrading of 39.8 Camarines Norte 1.333 2015 2025 x /
kms. road
Sipocot (Barceloneta)-Cabusao- Upgrading of 20.1 kms. road and Camarines Sur 44.089 2015 2025 x /
Calabanga Road construction of Balongay bridge
(650 LM) wuth flood gate along the
Bicol River
Legazpi - Naga Freeway Construction of a freeway to Camarines Sur / Albay 3.69 TBI x /
decongest traffic in the urban area
President Cory Aquino Boulevard Upgrading (Gravel to concrete) of Daet, Camarines Norte 0.010 DPWH Dec. 2013 x /
the road leading to a tourist
destination
Catanduanes Circumferential a national road which traverses Catanduanes Province DPWH Oct-04 x /
Road almost around the island and
passing through the inetrior of the
province
Development of Renewable TBI x /
Energy Sources
Barangay and Sitio Energization TBI x /
Program
Upgrading of power distribution TBI x /
lines
TOTAL 274.452
Note:
TBI - To Be Identified
Annexes
- Concentration Strategy
A
B - Connectivity Strategy
| 297
C - Vulnerability Reduction Strategy

5 Bicol RDP 2017 2022

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5 Bicol RDP 2017 2022

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Chapter 2 Global and Regional Trends and Prospects 11

Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and 17

Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall 57

Part II Enhancing Social Fabric (”Malasakit”)

Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient Governance 67

Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice 79

Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values 87

Part III Inequality-Reducing Transformation (“Pagbabago”)

Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture and 99

Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development 129

Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and Families 145

Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities 157

Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend 169

Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and Innovation 177

Part V Enabling and Supportive Economic Development

Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy 187

Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field 203

Part VI Foundations for Sustainable Development

Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace 213

Chapter 18 Ensuring Security, Public Order and safety 221

Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development 229

Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy 255

Part VII From Plan to Action

Chapter 21 Plan Implementation and Monitoring 269

List of Acronyms 273

RDP 2017-2022 Planning Committees 283

RDP 2017-2022 Secretariat 286

Figure 3.1 GRDP Growth Rate, Bicol Region: 2010-2015 17

Table 3.1 Sectoral Share to GRDP by Individual Origin, Bicol Region: 18

Figure 3.4 Hierarchy of Towns based on Projected Population at 26

Figure 3.5 Map of the Bicol Region 27

Table 3.5 Land Area by Province and City, Bicol Region 28

Figure 3.6 Slope Map of the Bicol Region 29

Figure 3.7 Land Use Map of the Bicol Region: 2013 30

Figure 3.8 Land Classification Map of the Bicol Region 31

Figure 3.9 Distribution of Faults, Volcanic and Earthquake Belts Map, 32

Figure 3.10 Climate Map of the Bicol Region 34

Table 3.6 Main Features of Principal Volcanoes in the Bicol Region 36

Table 3.7 Classification of Cities and Municipalities Using Population 38

Table 3.8 Number of Urban Centers in the Proposed Hierarchy of 38

List of Tables and Figures vii

Figure 3.12 Sea Transportation Route Map of the Bicol Region 42

Figure 3.13 Road Network Map of the Bicol Region 43

Figure 3.14 Air Transportation Route Map of the Bicol Region 44

Figure 3.15 North-South Backbone/East-West Lateral/Strategic Road 45

Figure 3.18 Built-up cum Multi Hazard Map, Bicol Region 49

Figure 3.19 Map of Bicol RSFP Core Projects 53

Figure 3.20 Map of Bicol RSDF Complementary Projects 54

Chapter 4 Bicol Regional Development Plan

Figure 4.1 Bicol RDP 2017-2022 Overall Framework 57

Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean, and

Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of

Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values

Figure 7.1 Strategic Framework to Promote Philippine Culture and 90

viii Bicol Regional Development Plan 2017-2022

Figure 8.2 Fishery Production, Bicol Region: 2010-2015 102

Figure 8.3 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in 106

Chapter 9 Expanding Economic Opportunities in

Figure 9.3 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in 121

Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development

Table 10.2 Proportion of Out-of-School Children and Youth, Bicol 132

Figure 10.1 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Human Capital 136

Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individuals and