Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CRPC Assignment 2021
CRPC Assignment 2021
ROLL NO. 6
BATCH: 2017-2022
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INDEX
INTRODUCTION 1.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 4.
COMMUNITY POLICING 5.
POLICE-PUBLIC RELATIONSHIP IN
THE PRESENT SCENARIO 6-10
PEOPLES OPINION ON INDIAN
POLICE 11.
CONCLUSION 12.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 13.
INTRODUCTION
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India was under the control of the British Empire until the middle of the 20th century. The
Britishers established the police system with the intent of managing and expanding their
empire. After independence, India became a self- reliant country and witnessed several
developments, but when it comes to the police administration system, not much change has
been introduced. Due to these changes in the society, this leads to a higher rate of crime,
failure of bureaucrats’ contribution to the administrative processes in India, political parties’
failing manifesto and various other issues in India. But our present police system is not up to
the level to handle such issues. Now highlighting on the public- police relationship, no one
can disagree to the fact that there must be a healthy relationship maintained between the
public and police. It becomes necessary to maintain such a relationship in a welfare state. It is
crucial to secure planned and desired measures of police involvement to make it an
acceptable police operation. In India, which has got independence 70 years back, there is still
a question which exists, whether India has people’s police or ruler’s police or in other the
question is whether the people should rule given according to our Preamble which starts as
“We the People of India” or the rulers whom the people choose should rule 1. According to
our Indian Constitution, it should be the people who rule and the rulers are only our
representatives and also the police should only be people’s police. People will accept the
police only if the actions which they perform are legitimate. For an exceptional
implementation of government policies, it necessary to have public-policy synergy and
cooperation. Various State governments have arranged HelpLine numbers and also
networking of Police Stations with the amenity of on-line registration of complaints and
bilateral sessions with citizens and the police and also Women Mobile Counselling Centers
have been established. In short, public-police relation refers to the on-going and varying
relationship between the communities and police they serve. This comprises of problems of
service, race, relations, the fear instilled by the police, rampage, bribery and exploitation.
Historical background
Community policing
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According to International Association of Chiefs of Police Community Policing Committee,
community policing includes the standardized usage of partnership and problem-solving
approaches to aggressively address the circumstances that generate public safety
controversies which includes crime, social chaos, fear of the future crimes. This kind of
policing is a law enforcement approach which has been in existence since the beginning of
the ’80s in the United States. The reason why community policing is more successful than
traditional policing is that community policing predetermines and works towards preventing
the crimes that are going to take place and also this policing emphasizes on creating a safe
and secure social environment set up. The main point where community policing is
successful is this allows the residents to participate in the law enforcement process so that
they can keep their communities safe too. Due to all this, the residents will have a positive
view of the police and they are more supportive. There is an enhanced trust between the
residents and law enforcement. There will be improved communication between the police
and the residents which means more reporting of criminal activities and finally less crime
rate. Even in India, community policing is present from medieval times. When it comes to a
village community, a person who is the village head called the Mukaddam or the village
Sarpanch used to carry out the functions of a police officer in the village and used to preserve
the law and order. During the Mughal era, this kind of policing became secondary because
the main motive of the Sultan was to keep the people under their control and collect revenue.
Again, during the Britishers rule, community policing had lost its meaning. After
independence, the main goal of the government was to maintain law and order and for which
certain states tried implementing community policing. Like, in West Bengal, to deal with
dacoits in the rural areas, the programme known as Village Resistance group was initiated. In
Maharashtra and Gujarat, Gram Rakshak Dal programme was introduced for the same
purpose mentioned above. Some other eminent community policing in India were the Friends
of Police Movement in Ramnad district, Tamil Nadu, Janamaithri Suraksha Padhathi
programme in Kerala for protection of the population of Kerala, Parivar Paramarsh Kendra
programme in Raigarh district, Madhya Pradesh, Trichy Community Policing in Trichy
district, Tamil Nadu Community Liaison Groups programme in Uttarakhand, Gram/Nagar
Raksha Samiti, in Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh and many more.
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Public-Police relationship in the present scenario
During the Britishers rule, the relationship was more dictatorial in nature whereby police
orders are given and people have to follow it. There existed a gap between the public and the
police. People always feared the police because the only motive of police was for colonial
interest. But after independence, police reformed the ways they work and always try to be
people-friendly. But the hard fact is, even though the attitude of police has changed as time
passes, still, the attitude of the public towards the police has not changed. Police can work
efficiently only if they get support from the public. But in our present society, people are not
cooperating with police and that is where the problem arises. The various undertaking has
been done to study what opinion does the public have about the police. These surveys
exposed that certain prominent factors why the public have no confidence in the police. Some
of them are listed below.
● Prevention of crime
One of the main roles of police is to predict and prevent crimes that are happening in
society. Various studies show that people are slowly coming out of the state of nature
which is described to be of absolute chaos and brutality in the society. People took steps
to choose their representatives and formed the government. This government framed
appropriate rules and regulations and the police are the agency through which the
government makes sure there are peace and order in the society. Peace and public
tranquillity can be maintained only if crimes are being prevented. But nowadays,
democratic countries are being obsessed with the rising rates of crimes and the
lawlessness that is prevalent in society. People feel that police are not adequately
performing their functions. But in reality, police are performing their functions properly
and taking great efforts to prevent the crimes that are happening around in society. The
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police force activities mainly depend on the type of crime that is being committed and the
method in which these crimes are being committed by the criminals. For example, if the
criminals use firearms to disturb the peace in the society, then the police should be armed
or if the crimes are being committed by the misuse of technology, then the police will
give the authorization to form a special unit which is committed to investigating
cybercrimes. But for the police to work efficiently, the public must co-operate and
support the police as well. For example, in the year 1978, there was a police agitation in
Rourkela, a city in Orissa, where no police were on patrol on nights for nearly a week and
authorities with the help of citizen groups and home guards protected the city. But there
was no increase in crime rates. This proved that police can effectively reduce the crime
rate if the public supports the police. According to Ostrom Elaner, crime is possible only
if the public engages actively. The public will also have to come across past practices and
embrace new practices.
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women are being highly discriminated and women are considered to be one of the most
vulnerable section in society. Various religious principles treat women subservient to
men. Now, women are more reliant on the police with the belief that police would help
the women. The credibility of the police has increased compared to the end of the 20th
century. Earlier, reporting of crimes were very low because if the women go to the police
station to report a crime, there is a high possibility that they would be harassed. There are
many NGO which supports women in reporting crimes and those NGOs make sure the
police take appropriate action. The police have been criticized for using foul language
against the women who come to report the crime. Also, there is very less scope of
employment of women in the police sector. This is viewed to be a great fault in the
administrative system.
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arrested person. It is to make sure that police had not physically harassed the arrested
person. Memo of arrest contains the details about the arrest along with the details of the
witnesses. The court advised people, that is better to take along a lawyer while filing a
complaint.
When it comes to public view on police, police are viewed in negative sense. But police are
trying to come up to meet the expectations of the people. The police must promptly perform
their duty so that peace prevails in the society. The maintenance of law and order in
democratic society depends upon the police and public relation and their confidence, but the
mutual trust and confidence between the two do not exist. This distrust was engendered on
account of occasional delays in the registration of cases and the harsh treatment given to the
complaints and suspects. However, the public was as much responsible for this distrust and
their attitude was rather prejudiced and biased against the police. Almost all the political
parties today painted the police as black as possible. Every act of the police was viewed with
suspicion. The causes of distrust of the public for the police were the discourteous and
dishonest behaviour of the police delay in doing justice; non-observance of law and
procedure by them, the resort of third degree methods and the inability of the police to give
adequate protection to the public from anti-social elements.
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Conclusion
To conclude, no one is considered above the law, and all Indian citizens are equal under the
eyes of the law and should not be subject to any discrimination mainly at the hands of police.
Whenever citizens face such kind of barbarity, they should always be aware that there is a
requirement to have a self-awareness of the existent laws as the remedies given to them or
whenever facing such kind of atrocities always discuss with a lawyer. Apart from this, there
is also a provision under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, to file a writ petition in the
High Court and Article 32 of the Constitution of India, to file a writ petition in the Supreme
Court. The Court here issued the guidelines, as needed to be recorded to create a level of
transparency in their work while addressing the same whenever, there is state of conflict
founded and by abiding through Chapter XII of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the
Police Act which explicitly states that every activity related to investigation and as well as the
other activities should have a written record in the police diary or general station diary. By
abiding through the Guidelines here the Police Officials not only create a level of
transparency as well as it will create a faith on the Police Authorities as well as it will deplete
the amount of time which is given by the court, to entertain such kind of cases which are just
being created because of misconducts on the behalf of a Police Personnel, as well it will give
opportunity to the court to address more cases which require much more important time of
the court. This is how the relationship between the public and the police can be enhanced and
maintained.
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Bibliography
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