‘synonyms and characteristics are define in nighanus suchas the Bhavaprakasa (16.23, group of sugarcanes." Sugar mained relatively unimportant until the Iniansescovered methods of turing sugarcane juce into granulated crystals that were easlr to store and to transport" Crystalized sugar was cscovered bythe time ofthe imperial Gupta, around the Sth century CE." inthe local ndan language, these crystals were cals khande (Oevanagar: 5, Kher, which s he source of the word ean" Inlan sailors, wh cated cares butler ana sugar a supplies, introduces knowledge of sugar along the various trae outs they traveled Traveling Buddhist monks took sugar cystazaton ‘methods te China" During the eign of Harsha (608-647) in Neri nd, Indian envoy in Tang China taught methods of cutvating sugarcane ‘ater Emperor Talzong of Tang (628-649) made known his neest in sugar. China established ts fst sugarcane plantations inthe seventh century] Chinese documents cant at less wo missions ta In, ited in 647 CE, o obtain technology for sugar refning"lIn he Indan ‘subcontinent Tthe Middle East and China, sugar became a staple of cooking and desserts, Europe (oxit) ‘Nearchus, admiral of Alexander of Macedonia, knew of sugar during the year 325 BC, because o his pattclpation inthe campaign of Inia led by Alexander (Aca, Anabase)""7 The Greek physiclan Pedanus Diosordesin the 1st century CE desorbed sugar in his medical Weatie De Matera Medic! ‘and Piny the Ede, a Ts-century CE Roman, described sugar in his Natural History "Sugar mage in ‘Arabia 38 wel, but Indian sugar is eter. tis akin of honey found in cane, white as gum, anit erunches ‘between the teeth, I'comes in lumps the ze of hazelnut, Sugar i used ony for medial purposes" ‘Crusaders brought sugar back o Europe ater tel campaign inthe Haly Land, where they encountered caravans carrying “sweet sat Early n the 121 century, Venice acquted some vilages near Tyre and set Two ouborate sugar romot 5 tees ora ner en by he Lup estates to produce sugar fr export to Europe It supplemented the use of honey wich had previeusly Ei Castannie, ish ‘been the ony avaiable sweetener! Crusade eMnicer Willan oye, wing in helate 12th century, Ambassador nome, 1887 Ceserbed sugar a Very necessary forthe use ana health of mankin”| ig the 15m century, Venice was the chet sugar refining and cstauton center n Europe ‘There was a arate change nthe mid-180 century, when Sao Tomé, Macela, andthe Canay Islands were sees Hom Ewope, ana sugar grown ‘here 22 antermis an al-consuming passion for sugar. swept though society’ as became far more easy avasable, though italy Sta very expensive! By 1492, Madera was producing over 140 tonnes (3,000,000) of sugar ‘became known for canced fut, while Venice specialized n pasties, sweets (candles), and sugar sculptures. ugar was considered to have "valuable medina properties" a "warm? food unde pevaiing categres, being "helpulto he stomach to cure cols eases, and Soot lung complaint rnualy | Genoa, one ofthe centers of dstrbuton, Pe ee a, ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ey