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Nutrisi
Nutrisi
native to China. This species was originally produced in Lake Liangzi in Ezhou (Hubei,
China), and its main distribution is in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (Tsao,
1960). Aquaculture of this fish in China has expanded rapidly during the last decade
because of its fast growth, use of natural foods, tender flesh and high diseases
resistance (Ke, 1986; Zhou et al., 2008). Its whole production reached approximately
552 900 tons in China in 2005—an increase of 7.0% over 2004 (Ministry of Agriculture
of the People's Republic of China, 2006). This species is also distributed in North
America (northern Canada to southern Mexico), Africa, Europe and other Asian
countries. It adapted well to the local environment and thus has a bright future for
culture worldwide (Ke, 1986).
Blunt snout bream feed mainly on Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata and
zooplankton in their natural environment (Ke, 1975). However, it can accept formulated
feeds. Traditional production of this fish relies on diets formulated for grass carp
(Ctenopharyngodon idella) supplemented with some aquatic weeds. Little information
on the nutritional requirements of this species has been reported. Shi et al. (1988)
reported that blunt snout bream requires 27–30% protein for optimal growth when water
temperature is about 20 °C; and the optimum protein requirement ranges from 25.6% to
41.4% when water temperature varies from 25 °C to 30 °C. Liu et al. (1992) reported
that blunt snout bream required a diet containing 2%–5% lipids; and the best growth
performance was obtained when the dietary lipid level was about 3.6%. This is in
agreement with Zhou et al. (1997) who stated that optimal growth of blunt snout bream
occurred with diets containing 4%–6% lipid.
In China, diets formulated for blunt snout bream fingerlings were recommended to
contain at least 30% protein (Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China,
2005). In fact, protein level usually reaches 35% in practical diets. High protein content
proportionally increases feed cost. Besides, the ammonia excreted after amino acids
are metabolized leads to deterioration of water quality (Kim and Lee, 2005). Therefore,
it is important to improve protein utilization for body protein synthesis rather than for
energy purposes (Lee et al., 2002). It is well known in carnivorous fish that protein
utilization can be improved by partially replacing protein with lipid (NRC, 1993; Kim and
Lee, 2005). However, little information about the protein-sparing effect of dietary lipids is
available for herbivorous fish. Bearing this in mind, the present study was conducted to
evaluate the proteinsparing potential of lipid for blunt snout bream. Although the dietary
protein and lipid requirements of blunt snout bream have already been studied, the
interaction has not been considered. Thus, the other objective of this study was to
determine whether an interaction of protein and lipid exists for growth performance,
protein utilization and body composition of blunt snout bream fingerlings.
Ikan ini beradaptasi dengan baik dengan lingkungan lokal dan dengan demikian
memiliki masa depan yang cerah untuk budaya di seluruh dunia . Produksi ikan
tradisional ini bergantung pada diet yang diformulasikan untuk ikan mas rumput
dilengkapi dengan beberapa gulma air. Di Cina, diet diformulasikan untuk ikan air tawar
moncong tumpul anakan direkomendasikan untuk mengandung setidaknya 30%
protein . Padahal, kadar protein biasanya mencapai 35% dalam pola makan praktis.