Group 2: 1) Arif Alexander Bastian

2) Faradina Primarini Noorhaya Sari 1923042001

(PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT)

SUMMARY

Curriculum principles may be viewed as whole truth, partial truths, or

hypotheses. Though all function as operating principles, they are
distinguished by their known effectiveness or by degree of risk. Firstly,
Whole truths are either obvious facts or concepts proved through
experimentation, and they are usually accepted without challenge. Secondly,
Partial truths are based on limited data and can apply to some, many, or
most situations, but they are not always universal. Finally, some principles
are neither whole nor partial truths but are hypotheses or tentative working
assumption. Curriculum workers base these ideas on their best judgments,
folklore, and common sense.

Meanwhile, Axioms offer guidelines that establish a frame of reference

for workers seeking ways of operating and resolving problems. There are 10
axioms in curriculum development. Axiom 1. Change is both inevitable and
necessary, for it is through change that life forms grow and develop. Axiom
2. A school curriculum not only reflects but also is a product of its time.
Axiom 3. Curriculum changes made at an earlier period of time can exist
concurrently with newer curriculum changes at a later period of time.
Axiom 4. Curriculum change results from changes in people. Axiom 5.
Curriculum change is effected as a result of cooperative endeavor the part
of groups. Axiom 6. Curriculum is basically a decision-making process.
Axiom 7. Curriculum development is a never-ending process. Axiom 8.
Curriculum development is a comprehensive process. Axiom 9. Curriculum
development is more effective than trial and error. Axiom 10. The
curriculum planner starts from where the curriculum is, just as the teacher
starts from where the students are.

In conclusion, curriculum change is a normal, expected consequences

of changes in the environment. It is the responsibility of curriculum workers
to seek ways of making continuous improvement in the curriculum.