4 ¢ CENGAGE Present Perfect Forms of Modals © Learning aro) Set tee sE iio Probabitty and | Uncen: Use perfect modal to talk about probability or uncertainty about Degroes of Certainty past events. inthe Past He mighthave sayedup allright, | = = = She may nothave seen him leave, || ont know /uncetan| almost certain /ighty_| 100% certain probable oF improbable Highy robablo“improbabl | might (not) have | must (aot) have (use te He must have been up late. ‘may (not) have can't have simple past) She can'thave fogoten his ip. could have ult have should (not) have Certain (simple past): ‘would (not) have He stayed up alight Pst Unreal He would have gone to bed early, | Use would have or could have to express past unreal Conditionals but he nad to prepare for@ conditional event (something thats contrary really) business tr. "Yvonne could ve helped him prepare, but she fel asleep. Regrets He shouldn't have stayed up solate. | Use should have or shouldn't have to exoress regret or when His boss should have told him sooner. | what actually happened was the opposite of what was desirable. Grammar Caté Copyright © Cengage Learning Not reproducible without written permission of publisher