Gender is a social construct that refers to a system that impacts behavior and

establishes power and status connections between men and women, resulting in
often inequitable outcomes (Goktan & Gupta, 2015). Women have always been
seen as less competent than men, and as a result, their opinions in decision-making
are frequently ignored — many claim that this exists today, even if discrimination
is less obvious (Bell et al., 2014; MacMillan, 2012). It claims that gender
stereotypes, societal expectations, and social status structures emerge as a result
of how people evaluate each other's performance on a team assignment (Bell et
al., 2014; Ridgeway & Bourg, 2004). Status disparities, such as gender, might
influence an individual's judgments of another person's capacity to do a group task
(Ridgeway & Bourg, 2004). Male nurses are given more opportunity to participate
in care choices than female nurses, and their opinions are often more warmly
received (Bell et al., 2014).

Even when nurses have a unique perspective and gain specific knowledge in
handling certain problems, they have been shown to either avoid sharing this
knowledge with others in the hierarchy or to be ignored (Nembhard & Edmondson,
2006; Tucker & Edmondson, 2003). Nurses' personal self-concept is influenced by
power disparities based on gender and occupation (Hoeve et al., 2014). Gender
plays an important role in self-efficacy. Self-efficacy arises from four kinds of
knowledge, according to Hackett and Betz (1981): performance accomplishments,
vicarious learning, emotional arousal, and verbal persuasion. They explain that in
male-dominated work settings, women have fewer opportunities to achieve
performance goals or are not subjected to as much verbal persuasion about their
achievements, which would trigger self-efficacy beliefs. Gender will moderate the
relationship between knowledge sharing and informational role self-efficacy such
that the relationship will be weaker for women than for men.
Durand., Bourgeault., Hebert., Fleury, F. I. R. M. (2021). The role of gender, profession and

informational role self-efficacy in physician–nurse knowledge sharing and decision-

making. The Role of Gender, Profession and Informational Role Self-Efficacy in

Physician–Nurse Knowledge Sharing and Decision-Making. Published.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2021.1890006