11/12

Philippin e Politics and

Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Civil Society and Social Movement
Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Civil Society and Social Movement
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
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ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mark A. Geronimo
Editors: Latreia E. Estabillo, Dawn Hope Almuena, Mary Joy Velasco
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa PhD, Antonio V. Amparado Jr., Rolex H. Lotilla and Arvin M. Tejada
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Arcadio, III G. De Jesus
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Crispin A. Soliven Jr., CESE - Schools Division
Superintendent Roberto J. Montero EdD, CESE - ASDS
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS,
LRMS Peter Van C. Ang-ug –
REPS, ADM
Johnny M. Sumugat – REPS, Subject Area
Supervisor Belen Fajemolin PhD - CID Chief
Evelyn C. Frusa PhD - Division EPS In Charge of LRMS
Bernardita M. Villano - Division ADM Coordinator
Antonio V. Amparado Jr. - EPS – Subject Area Supervisor

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Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

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E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
 11/12

Philippine Politics and

Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Civil Society and Social
Movement
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance with Grade 11/12 Self-Learning
Module (SLM) on Civil Society and Social Movement!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance - Grade 11/12 Self-Learning

Module (SLM) on Civil Society and Social Movement!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Civil Society and Social Movement. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three learning outcomes, namely:

● LO 1 – Explain the concept, role, and contributions of civil society societies
and social movements to Philippine democracy

After going through this module, you are expected to:

● Define civil society;
● Define social movement; and
● Enumerate and explain some civil societies in the Philippines

1
Definition of Terms

Social Movement
A loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a
particular goal, typically a social or political one. This may be to carry
out, resist or undo a social change

Civil Society
Society considered as a community of citizens linked by common
interests and collective activity

Organization
An organized body of people with a particular purpose, especially a
business, society, association, etc.

Pakikipagkapwa
Holistic interaction with others

Kapwa
Shared inner self
 What I Know

Let us determine how much you already learned.

Instruction. Kindly answer the following questions. Select the letter only of
the correct answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper.

1. A loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular

goal, typically a social or political one is called .
A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. Kapwa

2. Society considered as a community of citizens linked by common interests

and collective activity is called .
A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. Kapwa
3. Organized body of people with a particular purpose, especially a business,
society, association, etc. is called .
A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. Kapwa
4. Holistic interaction with others is called .
A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. kapwa
5. Shared inner self is called .
A. kapwa C. Organization
B. Pakikipagkapwa D. Civil Society
6. This was launched in February 2008 and a regional network promoting
practice of social accountability.
A. Association of Foundations
B. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
C. Caucus of development NGO Networks
D. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific
7. This was created in 1985 by more than 1, 000 mass organization.
A. Association of Foundations
B. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
C. Caucus of development NGO Networks
D. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific

8. Caucus of development NGO Networks This was formed in 1991 by the 10

largest NGO networks in the Philippines.
A. Affiliated Netwok for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific
 B. Association of Foundations
C. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
D. Caucus of development NGO Networks

9. This was founded in 1977 and is composed of around 1.6 million

individual learners coming from several co-op federations.
A. Association of Foundations
B. Caucus of development NGO Networks
C. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
D. Affiliated Netwok for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific

10. This was established in 1989 as the first social development network
in the Philippines.
A. Association of Foundations
B. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
C. Caucus of Development NGO Networks
D. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific
11. According to Article II, Section 23 of the 1987 Constitution, the State shall
encourage , community-based, or sector organization
that promote the welfare of the nation.
A. Non-governmental
B. Governmental
C. Civic
D. Societal

12. According to Article II, Section 15, the State shall respect the role of
to enable to protect to pursue and product protect, within
the democratic framework.
A. Independent People’s organization
B. Dependent people’s organization
C. Open organization of people
D. Close organization of people

13. The Local Government Code provides for the formation of and
other local special bodies.
A. Local development councils
B. Local councils
C. Independent bodies
D. Local organizations

14. Many Civic Society Organization register with the .

A. Securities and Exchange Commission
B. Department of Trade and Industry
C. Department of Education
D. Local Civil Registry
15. This was created in 1991 as a subsector of Association Foundation.
A. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the
Pacific
B. Association of Foundations
C. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
D. Caucus of development NGO Networks
 Lesson
Civil Society and Social
6 Movement

Whether you accept it or not, you need others. When you are with other people you
become more powerful. You can voice out your opinion better. In fact, some feel safe
when with others. This is specifically true for bikers. Did you ever wonder why they
bike as a group rather that alone most of the time? It is for their safety. Because they
prominently occupy the road once they bike together, they are logically safer
compared to when they bike alone.

Take notice of the myriad of groups, clubs and organization organized for the
different purposes. A certain objective is achieved even more with ease and certainty
when worked with a group.

What’s In

Interview your parents what were the organizations they are joining and what the
benefits they got out of these organizations were. Make an essay about your
insights.
 What’s New

The basis for civil society in the Philippines comes from the Filipino concepts
of pakikipagkapwa (holistic interaction with others) and kapwa (shared inner self).
Voluntary assistance or charity connotes for Filipinos an equal status between the
provider of assistance and the recipient, which is embodied in the terms damayan
(assistance of peers in periods of crisis) and pagtutulungan (mutual self-help). The
Western notion of kawanggawa (charity) may have been introduced to the
Philippines
by Catholic missionaries.

During the Spanish colonial period, the Roman Catholic Church and the
religious orders established the first welfare organizations in the Philippines. They
founded parochial schools, orphanages, and hospitals that were mostly reserved for
the local elite. The church also established foundations and cofradías (brotherhoods),
which encouraged neighbourly behavior, such as visiting the sick and helping with
town fiesta preparations.

The American colonial government delineated the boundaries between state

provision of public goods, religious philanthropy, and private philanthropy. The
Philippine Corporation Law of 1906 recognized the right to create private non-profit
organizations, and the government subsidized the operation of some of these
organizations. The American Red Cross and the Anti-Tuberculosis Society set up
branches in the country. The American Methodist and Protestant churches as well
as the Church of England established schools and hospitals.

With support from the government, hundreds of farmer credit cooperatives

were created in the 1920s and 1930s, soon claiming more than 100,000 farmers as
members. At the same time, dissatisfaction among peasants fuelled growth in
membership of the Congress of Labor Organizations, a labor federation linked to the
communist movement. The communist movement stimulated a counter-reaction
from the government, religious organizations, and non-communist organizations.
The Catholic Church expanded its social agenda to direct engagement with workers
and peasants and the Jesuits. Protestant and other non-Catholic churches expanded
their services into rural development, cooperatives, and credit unions or
cooperatives, as well as agricultural development.

Today, Philippine civil society organizations are widely seen as some of the
most vibrant and advanced in the world. The Philippines has the largest number of
NGOs per capita in Asia, and many believe that if civil society has contributed to
democratization anywhere, it is in the Philippines. Many of the key international
NGOs and networks are based in the Philippines and headed by Filipinos.
 There are many types of CSOs in the country, but the more important types
are people’s organizations, development NGOs, and cooperatives. People’s
organizations are membership organizations representing marginalized groups and
often organized based on sector, issue, or geographical area. Development NGOs act
as intermediate agencies and institutions that typically operate with a full-time staff
complement and provide a wide range of services to primary organizations,
communities, and individuals. A cooperative is an association of persons who have
voluntarily joined together to make “equitable contributions to the capital required,
patronizing their products and services and accepting a fair share of the risks and
benefits of the undertaking in accordance with universally accepted cooperative
principles.”

It is difficult to put a definite number to all the CSOs in the country, partly
because many are unregistered, but also because there is no single official and
updated database on those that register with government agencies. In addition,
studies that attempt to count civil society groups use various definitions and may
therefore include or exclude various types of CSOs. However, one of the latest and
most comprehensive studies puts the range of registered and non-registered CSOs
at 249,000–497,000. It was estimated that 40% of these organizations were non-
registered.
CSOs in the Philippines engage in a broad range of activities, the most
common being in (i) education, training, and human resource development; (ii)
community development; (iii) enterprise development and employment generation;
(iv) health and nutrition; (v) law, advocacy, and politics; and (vi) sustainable
development. It is worth noting that political activism takes on a larger role for
Filipino CSOs than elsewhere.

What are organizations do you belong right now? What are the reasons why
you joined the organization?
 What is It

The Legal Framework for Civil Society

The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines, forged and shaped in the aftermath
of the 1986 People Power Revolution, clearly recognizes participation and
empowerment, including the important role of CSOs. This may be seen in several
provisions of the Constitution, most prominently in the following:

● Article II, Section 23: “The State shall encourage non-governmental,

community-based, or sector organizations that promote the welfare of the
nation.”
● Article XIII, Section 15: “The State shall respect the role of independent
people’s organizations to enable the people to pursue and protect, within the
democratic framework, their legitimate and collective interests and
aspirations through peaceful and lawful means. […]”
● Article XIII, Section 16: “The right of the people and their organizations to
effective and reasonable participation at all levels of social, political and
economic decision-making shall not be abridged. The State shall, by law,
facilitate the establishment of adequate consultation mechanisms.”

Many laws also recognize and promote CSOs and their role in the
development of the country. Among the most important is the Local Government
Code (LGC) of 1991. The LGC devolves authority, assets, and personnel of various
national government agencies to LGUs to provide primary responsibility for basic
services and facilities. It further provides for the participation of CSOs in local
government planning and policy making and in the delivery of social services. The
code mandates the formation of local development councils, which play a role in
local planning, and it also provides for the formation of other local special bodies,
including the local health and school boards, all of which must also have CSO
members. In addition, several administrative orders of the central government,
implementing the constitutional provisions and the LGC regarding public
participation, require that all local councils in all levels should be represented by
various NGOs and people’s organizations such as farmers’ cooperatives and fishers’
associations.

Many types of CSOs register with the SEC, including development NGOs,
people’s organizations, farmers’ associations, athletic and sports associations, social
welfare organizations, and civic clubs. On the other hand, the CDA registers various
types of cooperatives that may include savings and credit cooperatives, consumer
cooperatives, marketing cooperatives, and multipurpose cooperatives. The DOLE
registers labor unions, labor federations, and rural workers’ associations in
accordance with the Labor Code of the Philippines. The HLURB registers
homeowners’ associations (HOAs) based on the Magna Carta for Homeowners and
Homeowners’ Associations. At least five incorporators may organize and register a
HOA.
 In addition to their primary registration with these agencies, CSOs wishing to
take on particular activities need secondary registration or licenses or permits from
other government agencies. For example, CSOs that would like to perform social
work or social welfare roles, such as operating orphanages or children’s institutions,
or non-profit health institutions, need to obtain licenses from the Department of
Social Welfare and Development and the Department of Health, respectively, while
non- profit educational institutions must have permits to operate from the
Department of Education, the Commission on Higher Education, or the Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority.

Registered CSOs are required to submit annual reports, including audited

financial statements, to their registration agency. However, in general, these
agencies are not able to effectively monitor the numerous organizations registered
with them. Due to the lack of resources, they can only investigate CSOs when
complaints are filed against these organizations or when they are involved in
irregularities frequently reported by the media. Certain tax incentives have long
been given to various types of CSOs in recognition of their non-profit nature and
their contribution to the general welfare and to national development. They are
exempted from income tax on revenues from donations, grants, gifts, and other
sources, provided that their net income does not benefit any private individual.

Civil Society and Social Movement

There are many umbrella groups of CSOs in the country, most of which are
organized according to sector, such as federations or alliances of organizations of
workers or trade unions, farmers, fishers, urban poor, women, indigenous peoples,
and youths. Umbrella groups may also be formed based on geographical area
(provincial/city or regional alliances) or on issues and causes. The more established
national networks and coalitions of CSOs include the following:
Association of Foundations (AF)

AF was created in 1972 as a network of foundations and NGOs. Its focus is on

education, culture, science and technology, governance, social development,
environment, and sustainable development.
Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific (ANSA-EAP)

Launched in February 2008, ANSA-EAP is a regional network promoting the

practice of social accountability that capitalizes on existing in-country networks
working in governance reform. These country networks are collectively known as a
“conveners group” and are typically led by a coordinating organization.
Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan)

Bayan was created in 1985 by more than 1,000 mass organizations. It fights
for national and social liberation against imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucrat
capitalism. Bayan fights for the nationalistic and democratic needs of the people
through legal and militant forms of struggle, and, though it does not participate in
armed struggle, Bayan respects the right of others to take such an option.
Caucus of Development NGO Networks (CODE-NGO)

CODE-NGO was formed in 1991 by the 10 largest NGO networks in the

Philippines. It now comprises 6 national and 6 regional member networks,
representing more than 1,600 development NGOs, people’s organizations, and
cooperatives nationwide.
League of Corporate Foundations (LCF)

LCF was created in 1991 as a subsector of AF. It was formally registered as a

non-profit association in 1996. LCF aims to promote the strategic practice of
corporate social responsibility among its more than 70 member foundations and the
broader business community.
National Confederation of Cooperatives (NATCCO)

NATCCO was founded in 1977 and is composed of around 1.6 million

individual members coming from several co-op federations and around 406 rural
and urban-based co-ops.
National Council of Social Development (NCSD)

NCSD was established in 1949 as the first social development network in the
Philippines. It was then known as the Council of Welfare Agencies, Inc. (CWAPI)
and is the first NGO network given license and accreditation by the government for
community-based programs for children and families.

Civil Society Capacity

The strength of Philippine CSOs lies in their number, the extensive

networking with the sector and with other sectors or society, the experience and
skills from many years of development work, the dedication and creativity of CSO
leaders and workers, and the flexibility that is linked to the small size of most CSOs.
A survey conducted for the Civil Society Index11 (CSI) in the Philippines found that
46% of the population considered themselves as active members of at least one CSO,
37% were inactive members, and only 17% said that they do not belong to any CSO.
Complementing this, most CSOs, especially NGOs, sector organizations, and
cooperatives, are linked together through provincial, regional, and national
networks or federations or coalitions. This may also pose difficulties in selecting the
appropriate CSOs with which to engage and could hinder having a unified
constructive voice from civil society.

Aside from their number, CSOs in the country have the skills,
coalition/network building capacity, and links with allies in government that are
needed to put forward and successfully advocate social reform laws and policies,
including the Anti-Violence against Women and Children Act, the more recent
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms Act, the Urban
Development and Housing Act, and the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, to name a
few.
 CSOs have also proven themselves to be excellent alternative providers of
services to the poor, particularly to those underserved by the government. They are
known to be flexible, adaptable, and capable of innovative approaches to
development challenges. Further, CSOs typically incur lower costs under fewer
bureaucratic project implementation processes than the government.

Philippine civil society has also been able to tap corporate resources to
support poverty alleviation initiatives. Philippine Business for Social Progress
(PBSP) is the largest corporate-led social development foundation in the
Philippines. Committed to poverty reduction, PBSP is the first of its kind in Asia
being the only non-profit consortium of corporations leading the advocacy on and
the practice of corporate social responsibility. It has grown its membership base to
over 230 small, medium- sized, and large corporations, raising P1.7 billion ($41
million) annually from member contributions that go to implementing, monitoring,
and evaluating development projects nationwide.

What’s More

Fill out the following Graphic Organizers.

Civil Society Describe

 What I Can Do

Political Analyst
Take the role of a Political Analyst. Cite a current issue about Civil Society and Social
Movement. Tell your analysis and how it affects the actions of other people. Make a
an article of your analysis.

Goal To analyse a certain current issue

Role Political Analyst

Audience Teacher

Situation You are asked to analyse a current issue about Civil and Social
Movement and describe the impact of the issue to the actions of the
people.

Product, An article that contains an analysis of a current issue to convey your

Performan opinion and persuade others
ce, and
Purpose

Standards
and
Criteria Criteria Description Points
for
Success Content 5 Comprehensiveness of information
and ideas

Organization 5 Presentation of ideas

Grammar 5 Free from ungrammatical

structures and misspelled words
 Assessment

Let us determine how much you already learned.

Instruction. Kindly answer the following questions. Select the letter only of
the correct answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper.

1. A loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular

goal, typically a social or political one is called .
A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. Kapwa

2. Society considered as a community of citizens linked by common interests

and collective activity is called .
A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. Kapwa

3. Organized body of people with a particular purpose, especially a business,

society, association, etc. is called .
A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. Kapwa

4. Holistic interaction with others is called .

A. Social Movement C. Pakikipagkapwa
B. Civil Society D. kapwa

5. Shared inner self is called .

A. kapwa C. Organization
B. Pakikipagkapwa D. Civil Society

6. This was launched in February 2008 and a regional network promoting

practice of social accountability.
A. Association of Foundations
B. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
C. Caucus of development NGO Networks
D. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific

7. This was created in 1985 by more than 1, 000 mass organization.

A. Association of Foundations
B. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
C. Caucus of development NGO Networks
D. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific
8. Caucus of development NGO Networks This was formed in 1991 by the 10
largest NGO networks in the Philippines.
A. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific
B. Association of Foundations
C. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
D. Caucus of development NGO Networks

9. This was founded in 1977 and is composed of around 1.6 million

individual learners coming from several co-op federations.
A. Association of Foundations
B. Caucus of development NGO Networks
C. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
D. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific

10. This was established in 1989 as the first social development network
in the Philippines.
A. Association of Foundations
B. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
C. Caucus of Development NGO Networks
D. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the Pacific
11. According to Article II, Section 23 of the 1987 Constitution, the State shall
encourage , community-based, or sector organization
that promotes the welfare of the nation.
A. Non-governmental
B. Governmental
C. Civic
D. Societal
12. According to Article II, Section 15, the State shall respect the role of
to enable to protect to pursue and product protect, within
the democratic framework.
A. Independent People’s organization
B. Dependent people’s organization
C. Open organization of people
D. Close organization of people

13. The Local Government Code provides for the formation of and
other local special bodies.
A. Local development councils
B. Local councils
C. Independent bodies
D. Local organizations
 14. Many Civic Society Organization register with the .
A. Securities and Exchange Commission
B. Department of Trade and Industry
C. Department of Education
D. Local Civil Registry

15. This was created in 1991 as a subsector of Association Foundation.

A. Affiliated Network for Social Accountability in East Asia and the
Pacific
B. Association of Foundations
C. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
D. Caucus of development NGO Networks

Additional Activities

Create an Organization. Specify its purpose and objectives. Write also the activities
that you intend to do to achieve the purpose and objectives.

Answer Key
References
List of youth organizations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_youth_
Organizations. July 6, 2020

Branches of Government. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/branches-of

government. 2020

Three Branches of Government. https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/

three-branches/three-branches-of-government. Harry S. Truman. July 22,
2019

Civil Society and Social Movement. https://study.com/academy/lesson/

what-is-a-civil-society-definition-examples.html. 2020

Political Ideology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies.

2020

Political Ideology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/

psychology/political-ideology 2020

Local Government. https://www.foi.gov.ph/?gclid 2020

What is Local Government? https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-

local-government-definition-responsibilities-challenges.html March 2020

Power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(social_and_political). July 2,

2020
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a
supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all
public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development
was observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We
highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendation.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
Email Address:

19