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@be
be`c
`cp
ptb mc ckp
ckprc
rcem
emddkd
kdce
cetb
tb Oroe
Oroeoo Zd``d
d``db
b Fb
Fbvo
voe
eed @or
@orcchb
0.: Ckprcemdkdcetb
`uhturoh @ðkb scr ue ckprcemcmbr Trodto Zbmrdiucz ]oedo
@b
@be`cptb mc mb`ukcetoh Joybeo Zdvos Icecsds
0.0 Eoturohczo mch
Ch mb`ukcetoh, cstrotcidos y
prbmu`tb6 Ch Ovohbs Kbetoeb Koriordto
vcetofos
Mb`ukcetoh
]dpbs mc mb`ukcetoh
mb`ukcetoh Jcedtcs Kdb Toedeo
@ïtcmro Qohhcfb
Pckcstrc :<:<-DD
AD@NO <
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
\OI
Acreïemcz, @. y Idoeuzzd, Q. (= mc oibstb mc :<?>). @äsor Qohhcfb, rukjb o Zusdo. @äsor *
nttps6//`utt.hy/Aai>pIK
Qohhcfb & @b. nttps6//`utt.hy/Aai>pIK
@dto tcxtuoh
«Muroetc su `brto c detceso vdmo, @äsor Qohhcfb hbirð vdsdtor Zusdo ce trcs b`osdbecs . Ch
prdkcr vdofc hb rcohdzð ce b`tujrc mc ?4:>, `uoemb portdð mcsmc \orës, mbemc rcsdmëo, o ho
`opdtoh ruso, `be oyumo mch mdecrb `be`cmdmb pbr ch ibjdcreb pcruoeb poro rcircsor oh \crö.
\crö.
W…[ Ch sciuemb vdofc hb rcohdzð ce ?4:4, y auc portc mc ue pcrdphb curbpcb fuetb `be qudce
`uyoo kom
`uy komrc
rc noj
nojëo
ëo aohh
aohhc`d
c`dmb
mb kcs
kcscs
cs oet
oetcs.
cs. W…[ Ch tcr`cr y
y W…[
W…[ öhtdkb vdofc, hb rcohdzð ce
b`tujrc mc ?40?.
?40?. Ch pbcto vdofð sbhb mcsmc Komrdm, mbemc cstojo vdvdcemb cxpuhsomb mc
Aroe`do, poro osdstdr o ue `beircsb mc cs`rdtbrcs mch quc kuy pb`b sc sojc, `bkb pb`b sc sojc
mch mdecrb quc usb Wsd`[ poro vdofor. To quc ho sdtuo`dðe c`beðkd`o mc Qohhcfb ce ?40? eb cro
ho kcfbr, sc pucmc cspc`uhor quc ch pbcto noyo vdofomb pbr devdto`dðe mch Pbvdct, quc ce csbs
@dto mc porïarosds
Qohhcfb rcohdzð trcs vdofcs o Zusdo.
Zusdo. Ce ?4:>, `uoemb vdvëo ce \orës, vdofð prdkcro vcz o Zusdo
`be portc mch mdecrb btbriomb pbr ch ibjdcreb pcruoeb poro su rctbreb.
rctbreb. Oh oÿb sdiudcetc, ce
vcz poro
vcz poro portd`dpor ce ue `beircsb mc cs`rdtbrcs7 ce csto b`osdðe hb ndzb sde `bkpoÿëo y mcsmc
Komrdm
Komrdm,, mbemc
mbemc vdvëo
vdvëo `uoemb
`uoemb auc cxpuhs
cxpuhsomb
omb mc Aroe`d
Aroe`do,
o, vdofc quc ndzb pbsdjhckcetc pbr
@bkcetordb
\OI
Qohhcfb kbstrð ue cspc`doh detcräs pbr `beb`cr hbs `okjdbs `uhturohcs y sb`dbc`beðkd`bs quc *
nujb ce Zusdo, y mc `uyo cxpcrdce`do supb rcahcxdbeor sbjrc ho eucvo sb`dcmom quc phoetcojo
ch opbyb kbroh mc su cspbso ce su prbyc`tb pcrsbeoh. \ärcz (:<?>) oÿomc quc csto cxpcrdce`do
pbr Curbpo sdrvdð o Qohhcfb poro `beb`cr hbs `okjdbs pbhëtd`bs ce ho äpb`o y quc hc
]btoh :<
AD@NO <
Pujtcko6 Ch ckprcemcmbr
Pujtcko kcebr6 @oro`tcrëstd`os mch ckprcemcmbr
\OI
*
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
nttps6//www.rcmohy`.bri/pma/>=4/>=4?90?<<3>.pma
@dto mc rcsukce
Se ckprcemcmbr sc `oro`tcrdzo pbr prbpbecr dmcos eucvos b hos omopto poro deebvor b `rcor
ohib
ohib ebvcmb
ebvcmbsb
sb `bkb
`bkb ueo sbhu`dðe
sbhu`dðe o ue prbjhc
prbjhcko7
ko7 pbscc
pbscc ue scetdm
scetdmb
b mc supcro
supcro`dð
`dðe,
e, cs
mds`dphdeomb, tdcec ohto outbcstdko y ueo o`tdtum pbsdtdvo7 cs mdeïkd`b, `rcotdvb, deebvombr y
orrdcsi
orrdcsiomb
omb.. Pnukpc
Pnukpctcr
tcr sbstdc
sbstdcec
ec qu
qucc ue ckprce
ckprcemcm
mcmbr
br rcabrko
rcabrko ue kbmb
kbmb mc prbmu`
prbmu``dð
`dðe
e
c`beðkd`o6 o) oh prbpbecr ueo eucvo abrko mc oprbvc`nor ue bjfctb yo `rcomb b prbmu`dr ueb
@bkcetordb
Ch mcsorrbhhb mc hos nojdhdmomcs ckprcemcmbros ce ueo pcrsbeo cs mc ku`no dkpbrtoe`do ce
ïkjd
ïkjdtb
tb kuem
kuemdo
doh.
h. \br
\br chhb
chhb,, mc
mcjc
jckb
kbss ju
jus`o
s`orr o`
o`td
tdvd
vdmo
momc
mcss qu
qucc pu
pucm
cmoe
oe `b
`bet
etrdj
rdjud
udrr `b
`be
e ho
abrko`dðe mch pcradh ckprcemcmbr. \br cfckphb, ho `rcotdvdmom cs ueo mc chhos y rcqudcrc
kbtdvo`dbec
kbtdvo`dbecss quc cstdkuhce eucstrb `crcjrb poro prcscetor
prcscetor prbpucstos
prbpucstos quc kcfbrce
kcfbrce ohiuebs
ohiuebs
Ch ckprcemdkdce
ckprcemdkdcetb
tb \uetofc
]btoh :<
AD@NO <
\OI
*
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
@hoy
@hoytb
tbe,
e, K. (:<?
(:<??)
?).. \bctry de pdc`c6
pdc`c6 @äsor Qohhcfb oem hyrd` kbmcredty.
kbmcredty. Sedvcrsdty
Sedvcrsdty ba
«Qohhcfb—s pbctry, arbk tnc corhdcst tb tnc hotcst, `betodes ueahde`ndei pbrtrodts ba oe ortdst6
struiih
struiihdei
dei wdtn nds bwe
bwe jbmy
jbmy oem hoeiuo
hoeiuoic,
ic, wdtn
wdtn nds rcspbes
rcspbesojd
ojdhdt
hdty
y tb tnc adiurc
adiurcss oem
hoems`opcs tnot surrbuem ndk, oem wdtn tnc ndstbry ba pbctry. Tct abr ohh tnds scha-adiurotdbe,
wc novc vcry hdtthc scesc ba wnot Qohhcfb tnc koe wos hdgc. ]ncrc ds, os yct, eb outnbrdtotd
outnbrdtotdvc
vc
jdbiropny. O``buets jy Fuoe Cspcfb Osturrdzoio oem Oetcebr Brrcib ab`us behy be Qohhcfb—s
\cruvdoe ycors (?>4:-?4:0). Fuoe Mbkdeib @ðrmbjo Qorios, Crecstb Kbrc, oem Orkoemb
Jozïe baacr ihdkpscs ba Qohhcfb murdei tncdr snbrt ossb`dotdbes wdtn ndk de \ords, jut tncdr
eorrotdvcs suaacr arbk tnc jhdemecsscs ba ndemsdint, oem tncy arcqucethy `betromd`t bec oebtncr
os rciorms motcs. Qohhcfb—s wdmbw Icbricttc½s vbhujhc o``buet ba nds hotcr ycors de \ords ‐
wrdttce cxprcsshy tb uemcrhdec nds pbhdtd`oh `bkkdtkcet jut kbrc `bvcrthy tb `betromd`t btncr
vcrsdbes‐ ds rdmmhcm wdtn crrbrs, bvcrstotckcets, oem bkdssdbes. Oem Qohhcfb rorchy oppcors de
kckbdrs jy br ojbut jcttcr-gebwe adiurcs nc ossb`dotcm wdtn de Aroe`c oem Ppode, su`n os
\ojh
\ojhb
b Ecru
Ecrumo
mo,, Zoao
Zoaoch
ch Ohjc
Ohjcrt
rtd,
d, br Acmc
Acmcrd
rd`b
`b Ior`
Ior`ëo
ëo Hbr`o
Hbr`o.. Kcoe
Kcoewn
wndh
dhc,
c, Qohh
Qohhcf
cfb—
b—ss bwe
bwe
uttc
uttcroe
roe`cs
`cs de pb
pbct
ctry
ry oe
oem
m pr
prbs
bscc orc sb sn
snda
daty
ty oe
oem
m aroik
aroikce
cetor
tory
y os tb id
idvc
vc us be
behy
hy vc
vcry
ry
eokcs oem pho`cs, batce otto`ncm tb uehdgchy mctodhs (su`n os tnc `hodk, de ]rdh`c ^DQ, tnot nds
sohory os tco`ncr de Hdko corecm ndk tnc ojsurmhy skohh sohory ba advc sbhcs)·. (@hoytbe,
\OI
*
]romu``dðe
WHo
WHo pb
pbcs
csëo
ëo mc Qohh
Qohhcf
cfb,
b, mc
mcsm
smcc ho kï
kïss oe
oetd
tdiu
iuoo no
nosto
sto ho kïs
kïs rc
rc`d
`dce
cetc
tc,, `b
`bet
etdc
dcec
ec rc
rctro
trotb
tbss
dequ
dequcj
cjro
roet
etoj
ojhc
hcss mc ue or
ortd
tdst
sto6
o6 hu`n
hu`noe
oemb
mb `be
`be su pr
prbp
bpdb
db `u
`ucr
crpb
pb y hc
hcei
eiuo
uofc
fc,, `b
`be
e su
rcspbesojdhdmom `be hos adiuros y podsofcs quc hb rbmcoe, y `be ho ndstbrdo mc ho pbcsëo. Pde
ckjorib, o pcsor mc tbmo csto outbadiuro`dðe, tceckbs kuy pb`o dmco mc `ðkb cro Qohhcfb ce
`uoetb nbkjrc. Nosto ch kbkcetb, eb noy ueo jdbiroaëo outbrdzomo. Hbs rchotbs mc Fuoe
Cspcfb Osturrdzoio y Oetcebr Brrcib sc `cetroe öed`okcetc ce hbs oÿbs pcruoebs mc Qohhcfb
(?>4:-
(?>4:-?4:
?4:0).
0). Fuoe
Fuoe Mbkdei
Mbkdeib
b @ðrmbj
@ðrmbjoo Qorios
Qorios,, Crecstb
Crecstb Kbrc
Kbrc y Orkoem
Orkoemb
b Jozïe
Jozïe barc`ce
barc`ce
otdsjbs mc Qohhcfb muroetc sus jrcvcs osb`do`dbecs `be äh ce \orës, pcrb sus tcstdkbedbs
ac`nos. Ch rchotb vbhujhc mc Icbricttc, ho vdumo mc Qohhcfb, mc sus öhtdkbs oÿbs ce \orës ‐
cs`rdtb cxprcsokcetc poro sujroyor su `bkprbkdsb pbhëtd`b, pcrb kïs ce`ujdcrtokcetc poro
Aroe`do y Cspoÿo, `bkb \ojhb Ecrumo, Zoaoch Ohjcrtd b Acmcrd`b Ior`ëo Hbr`o. Kdcetros
toetb, hos prbpdos mc`horo`dbecs mc Qohhcfb ce pbcsëo y prbso sbe toe auio`cs y aroikcetordos
quc sbhb ebs moe mcstchhbs kuy kbkcetïecbs mc nc`nbs jdbirïad`bs mctrïs mc ho cs`rdturo6
rcacr
rcacrce
ce`d
`dos
os de
detcr
tcrkd
kdtce
tcetc
tcss o eb
ebkj
kjrc
rcss y hu
huio
iorc
rcss rc
rcoh
ohcs,
cs, o kceu
kceumb
mb om
omfu
fuet
etbs
bs o mc
mcto
tohh
hhcs
cs
devcrbsëkdhcs (`bkb ho oadrko`dðe, ce ]rdh`c ^DQ, quc su sohordb mc kocstrb ce Hdko hc vohëo
@bkcetordb
mdvcrsbs outbrcs, `bkb hb scÿoho @hoytbe, y brioedzor hbs nc`nbs mc ho vdmo `bkphcto mc
eucstrb cs`rdtbr ce ueo mcs`rdp`dðe bjfctdvo y `betrostojhc. Pcrï `bevcedcetc rcvdsor tokjdäe
ch rc`dce
rc`dcetc
tc cstumdb
cstumdb jdbirïad`b
jdbirïad`b tdtuhomb
tdtuhomb ¡Tb quc toe sbhb nc eo`dmb!6 ueo jdbiroaëo mc @äsor
Qohhcfb,, pujhd`omb ch :<?4 pbr ch devcstdiombr pcruoeb Kdiuch \o`nos, outbr tokjdäe mc ho
Qohhcfb
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
\OI
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee *
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee \OI
*
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
\OI
*
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
\OI
*
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
\OI
*
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
Zcspbesojhc6
Pujtcko6 Eeee
Eeee
Pujtcko kcebr6 Eeee
Eeee
Zcacrce`do jdjhdbirïad`o
Eeee
Eeeee
Eeeee
@bkcetordb
Eeeeee
Ho porïarosds mch `betcedmb tcxtuoh cs `bkphcto, hðid`o y `horo7 ophd`o ho ebrko = \OI
mch dmdbko. *
Ch `bkcetordb mc ho `dto cs ueo oprc`do`dðe pcrtdecetc. =
]btoh :<
]btoh :<
]btoh :<