PAST TENSE

 Rumus :
o S + v2 + o (+)
o S + didn’t + o (-)
o S + tobe (was/were) + not (-)
o Did + s + v1 (?)
o Was/were + s (?)
 Masa lampau dengan time signal yesterday, two days ago, last night.
 Example :
o She wrote a letter last night (+)
o Did she write a letter last night (?)
o She didn’t write a letter last night (-)

PRESENT TENSE

 Rumus :
o S + v1 + tobe (is/am/are) + o (+)
o S + don’t/doesn’t + v1 + o (-)
o S + is/am/are + not (-)
o Do/does + s + v1 + o (?)
 Masa sekarang dengan time signal right now, everyday, every Sunday

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

 Rumus :
o S + have/has + v3 (+)
o S + has not/have not + v3 (-)
o Has/have + s + v3(?)
 menyatakan kegiatan yang telah selesai dikerjakan untuk waktu sekarang
 Example :
o She has written a letter (+)
o Has she written a letter? (?)
o She hasn’t written a letter (-)
 Present Perfect with Already, untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yg selesai lebih awal/lebih cepat
di luar perkiraan
 Example :
o “Shall I pay the waiter?”. “No.I have already paid him.”
o “Are you going to the bank?”. “No. I have already been there.”
 Present Perfect with Just, menyatakan kegiatan yang baru saja selesai di kerjakan ( sebelum saat
ini )
 Example :
o Hendry has just got a new job in Bandung
o Anita has just bought a new house in Melbourn
 Present Perfect with For and Since, menyatakan kegiatan yang dimulai dari waktu lampau dan
berlangsung sampai sekarang. For (menyatakan lamanya kegiatan ). Since ( kapan kegiatan mulai
dilakukan ).
 Example :
o A : How long has she been in Bali?
B : She has been in Bali since Monday / for four days
o A : How long have you worked here?
B : I have worked here since 2019 / for a year