Exploring Matter

 Types of elements

Elements can be classified as metals, metalloids, and nonmetals, or as a main-group elements,

transition metals, and inner transition metals.

 Cathode ray tube experiment

Thomson's experiments with cathode ray tubes showed that all atoms contain tiny negatively charged
subatomic particles or electrons. ... Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that the atom is mostly
empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus.

 Gold foil experiment

The gold-foil experiment showed that the atom consists of a small, massive, positively charged nucleus
with the negatively charged electrons being at a great distance from the center.