Odifreddi - Capitalismo e Comunismo - Da Che Parte Sta La Scienza

!#" $%'&%$ )(*& ,+-/.0132
465879;:58< 9;:58<>=@?158AB9;7?/?15
CDFEHGJI@K%L-GMHNONOP
SQ R;T-U;VJW1XYT,Z;T-U;VJ[]\_^`T,^8Wba8a8Td\,c afe`T-e`T1T-g#ghT-[]U;T-e`T,afRHXOi%^8\_g#X][]UHWSXYT,UHW*e8e8\,VJ\_X;j*k
VXYJT#[YlBUH\_W*gde8ZHe8\#^8\VJm_\_k*X%kJv#m*nJUHafW-[Owb\c \_gdlBW*ZHU;^8lB\dX]R;m_a8kJTSm-RHxbUOyho \-zfafafp;pH\_[]^`^8T-[]\_eÙHT#q-W*TS^8af[]{*e8W*[]U;^8[YT-l_^8TS[YT-[]g#UH[]\_q_UJ[YT-e8e`\1TST-VHX]X]T1\|r;e8\_\_UHW*^8[]U1[]\|\Sp;sOW*^8X][]W*e8e`[Yafl`tJ}Hu \
\_afW*UJe8RHe8U;WdlBb[YT-eè8T-\1X][]UdUH\_\,X m_~-^8b\_q_~UHVH\_w1T#e`3T-X]T-\S^8\-afp;\-V3\_^8[]\_UHUH{*q-\_T,XYaSaf[;UH\_\_^`X%T/e8^`bT*HaF -W*8^8BghFT-e`JT,ÙH\_HXOb_`-F]_FYh*`_b|||JH`8B*F];*nn
g#¤S\_\_W*{*^8X][]{*W|\dVJ¥S\-^8a8¦ lB^8\_[]e8X]XFe8y W|VHT|W*p;\_^8\|bR;T-X][Ò|bHbhHJb_#VJ[SXYVJW*R;aSSRHJX]\_u|\h *¡b¢_£VJ[
UHW*UhzF\X*c FX]T-[]\_^`VJwb\b\_X]¨;X]W,X]RHlÙH}H{*\ [HbVHRHT-\-X]XFafo e8\-W/a8afaf\_\-^8lB\%W*X]X][]WSg#};[]e`TT-[]e8g#WSp;T-WbX;afafe8WJW,lB[YT-T-X]X]XY[YTSafg#VJ[YWaf{*^8^`\-T-T-q_X][Y\bT-n*e`\-TSa8afp;W/T-^8T-W*UHXYUHT/W-§wbafWJ\_^`lBT[YT-[]X]UJ[YafFg#T-e8WHe8[ o
[]o«X,~*¬JHn-T©_YblBRHH[%* T-_pH-_p;YT-*^8e8_\_|UH{*W*UHVJW\_{*bX][RH\_T-[UHp;UHT-[,^8o«e8ª*[]¬Je8[n\#^`T-XFU;oBlBJ\-fafB\bBnH{*-^8©_\-YlBbWHHn*][]de`T-_X][Y-T-_UHYW#*\#BFafp;T-VJ{*\_UH{*W*X][X]W6T-UH[]UHU [
W*^`VJ[]UH\/T-XFT-Z;\_e8[YlBWJ®`n;l`}H\S};T-UHUHW#VHT-e8WdZ;\_UhUHW*e8\,pH^8W-wb\/VJ[§«ZHRHW*U#{*W-wb\_^8UHWHoHUH\_[X]W*^8W
^8[Yafp;i%\_e8Wbe8aF[]c¯ wJ[wbp;\_^8T-{*\-W*af{*[Fy UHWbaf\#^8\-T-X][]q_q-T-q_[]W*UH[pH^`T-e8[Yl`}H\|UHW*U6p;Wba8afW*UHW6l`}H\dlBW*pH^8[]^8\#VJ[FT-UH{*W
XYafT,Wbafe8e8\_\_W*UH^8{*[YT1W*UHafW,RhW*lB{*RH{*[[;T/l`}Hp;\%T-^8afW*WJX]lB\S[YT-\-X]a8[Yafaf\,g#afW[\ Z;T*lBW*a8T-gdUHRHWHUHy [Y,afg#T-UHW%UH\_W|^`T-VJUHRHW,U;afb\_RHg#\pHFX]T*[YlBlB\_[]X]gd\S\_{*Ub[]WJe8\lBW|[]g#lBW*p;X]WbW*a8^8afW|[]ZHl`[]}HX][F\ n
\1VJRHU;bRH\,°;UVHT-{*X][[]UH[]q_[VJ\-afe8[]U;T-e8[T1°;UH[]^8\,UH\_XlB\-afe8[]UHWdVJ\_[^8[°;RHe8[VJ\_X]XYT1afe8W*^8[YTJy±
X][]g#\_rUJo []e8g#Whp;VJWb[%a8W*af{*[]ZHUH[][X][]e-p;T,c Wba8VJaf\_[]X]ZHXY[]T/X]\#e8\_pHW*^`^8T-[YTJe8[YnJl_VHTJT|nUHlBRHW*U[VJpH[Ya8RlBW3c \_U;p;VJ\_\_^-^8Wc \_ZH\-Z;a8af\1\_^8FVJ\h\-VJVJ[]RHg#e8e8Wb[]afw*e8T-^`g#T-e`\_T3UJe8\*[]U;®OVJ[]XHRHFe8T-e8[X²²
w*g#T-\_g#UJ\_e8WHUJye8\*zF®%UHW*VHX]T-e8X^8\bFT-nbX]XFX]o [][]g#g#\_p;UJWbe8a8W1af[]VJZH\_[]X]X][]XYe-T|T/c pHVJ^`[OT-RHe8[YU;l_T1Tde8af\_e8W*\-a8^8a8[YT#TJn\1c p;af\_W*U;X]e`T|T-UJXYT#e8WdlB[]{*^`X]lBW*W*Z;XYT-T-^8X]\b[]e-nHT|c UHVJ\_\_XOXOaf\_^Ù;T-{*afW#[]W*U;l`}HT_\²
\-a8a8TSUHW*U|pHRWSc \-a8af\_^8\ ^8\-T-X][]q_q-T-e`TSlBW*g#pHX]\_e`T-g#\BUJe8\b¨H[]XJl`}H\ XYT*a8lB[YTST-p;\_^8e8W,[]XbpH^8W*ZHX]\_ghT
À¹FÄ`ÍB³fº«´;Æf» µ ¶f·Æf¸-»B¹¼_¶fÀ·¹F·Ä`º«»B¸-¼-¸*¶,Ä`·¶ ½ ·»*¾-Î º;¿H¹»BÀ·Á_ÂbÃÄ`¸-¸-Å«º Æ8Ä`ÀFÄSÄ`Å«ÄÇOº«ÈB»BÅ«É-Êfº«»B¼-¶%¹É-··FÄS¶f··FÄ,¶f·¸-¹º«ËS¶%¾-É-¼-Ì_É-¶É-¼
m
][VJUJ[Owbb\-R;lB\,T-X]af[[YT*T-UHafp;W#\_e8lBe8W*[U;VJaf[Y\_afX]e8XY\_T/UJe8e8\_[FW*y ^8[YT1af[YT-UHWd^8\-afp;W*U;a8T-ZH[]X][VJ\_X]XFo []gdp;Wba8af[]ZH[]X][]e-TJc n*\/bR;T-X][OT-X]e8^8[
i%[pH^8W*p;W*UH[YT-g#WbRH[VJ[VHT-^8\hRHUHWaf{*R;T-^`VJW!FafRHp;\_^f°lB[YT-X]\#\a8l`}H\_ghT-e8[YlBWHnOp;\_^
VJW*[Y^8afq-pHTSRHe`VJT|[HlB^`WbT#af\*l_®T-T-pH{*[]X]e`[HT-afX]X][YW*afg#{bT-W|Ud\|lBW*lBgdW*gdRHUHRH\_UHg#[Yafg#\_UbWHe8\yT*\a8_af^SWJlB\_[YwJT-[]e8e`[FT-n*^8UH\|\_X]afXFe8o \_[]U;^8[]lBX]W*[U;VJa8[YlBaf[]pHWRHlBe8W*\1X]X][Y\_VJe8\_e8W*[]wbX]W*WH{*n_[YT-l`X]}HXYT\
T-ZHZH[YT-g#Wdp;\_U;a8T-e8WhVJ[lB\_^`l_T-^8\/UH\_X]X]\/w*T-^8[]\|a8lB[]\_UHq_\/T-^8{*W*g#\_UJe8[T|FT_wbW*^8\/WhaFFT_wbW*^8\bn
UH\_X*e8\_UJe`T-e8[]wbWSVJ[bafp;Wbafe`T-^8\[]XbVJ[]Z;T-e8e8[]e8WST*V/RHU/X][]wb\_X]X]W%pH[8R/c ^`T-q_[]W*U;T-X]\%\%g#\_UHW \_g#W*e8[]wbW
VJ[bR;T-UJe8WdT|wbW*X]e8\/lB[Oe8WJl_l`}H[X]\_{*{*\_^8\1afR3bRHW*e8[YVJ[YT-UH[\1af\_e8e8[]ghT-U;T-X][Fy
5 8 < H<

zFX;lBW*gdRHUH[Yafg#WSp;\_U;a8T/[]Ude8\_^8g#[]UH[JVJ[B-`_8nJpH^8[]wJ[]X]\_{*[YT-U;VJW
bRH\_X]X]\|VJ[ VJ[Yaf\_^8\-VHT-e8[S[]U6afp;\-lB[YT-Xg#WJVJWHn[]XpH^8W*X]\_e`T-^8[YT-e8WJ® []X%l_T-pH[]e`T-X²
[Y{*afX]g#[O[]WU;afVJ[*R;[]afUJe8e8^8\_[Y^8T-\-X][a8®à8yT VJ[;YHbY_YbJ8n-pH^8[]wJ[]X]\_{*[YT-U;VJW [b^8[Yl_l`}H[JpH^8[]g#[_^`T e8RHe8e8[Fn
%
i *
W #
g 1
\ f
a ;
p -
\ 8
a f
a
W *
T _
l _
l *
T J
V
pH^8W*ZHX]\_ghTJnH\-afpH^8[]g#\_U;VJW*X]W|[]URHU;T|W*^8ghTdT*afe8^`T-e8e`Thl`}H\/UH\|\_wJ[YVJ\_UHq_[X]\|l_T-^`T-e8e8\_^8[YaF² b
\
n B
l
[ f
a
[ *
{ ;
R *
T H
V -
T *
{ ;
U h
T *
T 3
V -
T ]
X ]
X *
W J
U `
e -
T ;
U -
T `
^ f
a
[ H
V -
T ]
X ]
X h
W f
a ;
p -
\ B
l
[
° B
l #
W J
V
[ H
R U
e8[Yl`}H\1\-a8af\_UHq_[YT-X][Fy S\_XUHWbafe8^8Wl_T*afWHnOZ;T*afe`Td\_^8ghT-^àf[ORHU3g#W*g#\_UJe8WdafRHX%af[]{*UH[°l_T-e8W
RHVJ\_U;X]TdX]%\,VJa8p;\_afT-WhX]X]^8\,W*R3X]g#\dW*§W*X]lB^8e8XYgd\ST*a8g#RHaf\bXY\_T-oJeè8\-T-W#V3g#UH§«W*\_[]^fU;X]XFVJWbo \_[]afwJ^`[Td[YVJVJ\_\_RH^8XOWHW*wbo][Ynb\_l_p;UHTh\_\_VJ^,^`T-\_T*ZHX]XYl_[]T|lBX]\SW*°;^8X]{*Wb8\_af^`W-Baf°][BThl`|}H{*#\1^8\-JlBl_[TJ*afn[O%lBe8JW*^8HUW-w*Y-XYTdThB8VJVJ_[*[Yaf^8pH8W*y RHUJeè8T#\1T*^`V T
^8X[]YpHT-^8e8\-W*afUH\_\^8WH\-n_V[]U/SRHU;^8[YTSafe8afW*\_e8^8\_[]\%X]\3VJ[JafRHlBW*X]XFUJo \-e8^àf[YT-afpHe8p;\_UHWbq-af[]Tq_[]VJW*[,UH[b[YVJp;\_\_\3^àfW*W!U;T-VJX][/[b\%W*{*UH{*W*\_U#e8e8F[FSy U;af¤S\_X]X][/g#a8W%lB\W*XYWT*afbe8a8[YlBlB\_[,X]X]X][W ²
UH^`WHT-nbU;SlB\-{*a8Wbl_afT-e8UH[]UH[bWS\%\VJW*sOg#W*g#\_UHgh[Yl_T*T-afUHWS[®`Vyo«,rTSbRHVJ[][YUHlBW*WHe8n*W*Jg#lBW*[Ye8T WSVJ\S\_X]¥,XYTl`°;tJX]};WbT-af!g W-°_T^8\-g#T-X]WJ[YVJafg#\_^8W U;TJ\ nBUHW*^`Tg#[Y[]VJU;\-T-T-X]X][Y[Yafafg#g#WHW n
e8pH\-^8VJW*\-ZHa8X]lB\_W3gh\-T/V6T-pH\_pHg#^8WJpHVO[]^8W|c [Yaf[]gdUJ°;WhUH[]\,UH{*UHX]\_\-X]afXY\bT,nghUHW*T-e8U!\_ghUH\3T-e8\c [Yl_l`TS}HT1\hl_RHT_UOw*T-o RHX]X]X]W1e8\_VJ^8[]\_W*XO^8af\d\-lB^8W*[X]W*WH^8nbgdW*^8RH[]XY{*T-[]q_U;[]T-W*U;UHVJ\bW|yXYzFT X
lBW*UJe8^`T-pHp;Wbaf[]q_[]W*UH\,^`T#i T-UJe8W*^S\1 ^8W*RJ¦ \_^_nHlB[]WH\Sc ^`T|[]U;af[]\_g#[Yafe8[H\1lBWbafe8^8RHe8e8[]wJ[Yafe8[Fy "
b[ lBW*UJwb\_^8^-Thc l`}H\daf\#VJ[Ya8lBR;a8af[]W*UH[ g#[]X]X]\BU;T-^8[]\1UHW*U};T-UHUHWFT-e8e8W{*[]R;afe8[]q_[YThVJ\_X]XYT
bRH\-afe8[]W*UH\bn;UHW*U3XYTdaf[p;W*e8^-T#c W*^`Td{*[]R;afe8[]q_[YT-^8\|afW*g#ghT-^8[YT-g#\BUJe8\b¨lB\_^8e8WHn;UHW*UlBW*U3XYT
X]W*e8e`T|VJ[lBXYT*a8af\bnHghT/UH\_pHpHRH^8\1lBW*U[^8[]wbW*X]{*[]g#\_UJe8[H[]UJe8\_^8UH[OVJ\_X]XFo«%afe \_RH^8W*p;\_WHy
Æ*·¶f+-ËSº;#%·¸-$_»BÅ«Æf¼-º«»BÆf»/¶ÀÀ ¾-Ä`ÍB&Jº«ÈBÍBº«¶fÀº«¹É-Êf·ÍB¼_º¶f,*ÀF¹FÄ-Î.Ä`3Ã Å«-H¾#'¹·]¼-½46Æf57¶f¶f+*¹·ÆBÀÄ`»d½ ¼-/¼-¾-¶f» ºOËS¸-¶fº«·º¼-É,¸-½ Í1¹0O·º«»BËSÄ8Å«Â,¾-¶f¹º ·,*¶,Ë,Î ÅÄ`Ä/·Æ*ËS+-¶fº«·¹8À»,½ º«Æ8ÅÄ,Ä¾-2*¶fÄ`Å¼*Æ8Ä`Ä`Å«º«¸-À8º«Ä½ ÀFÄ`¾-Å«º;º«·ËSËSº«»,·Àº«º«¼dÆ8ÄÉ-¶ ¼#ËSËS»B»BÀÀÀÀ»S»*(ÃÆf»B¼|'ºOÉ-¹º«¼**Æ Ä )
Ä`¼-Æf8%»B9¹FÄ ¶f¼-É-*Æ ·F+bÄ`¶½ À»º«ÅHº«¼SÀ¶f¹ËSËS»_º«¾-¼-»%¶ º«:¼7Æf>]Å»BÄ`¹·Ë,·¶BÄ`µbÅ«Ä ¶O2;Æf2-»BºËSÄ¶»BÍB·ÍBº«¼-ºH»BÉ-¼-¼1º«ËS·º«»ÍB¼-¾-ºº<*: Æ8º«¼-Ä`À·»Sº«¶fËSÀ¶f¶BÆfµ«¼-Î º«Æf»/¸-¹¶fÆfº«·=» 5J¶f··»|¶ ½ ·ÀFÄ`À»,¶f¾d¶½
j
d< :5 3

T-^`T_^`T*a8T-U;VJW3T-^8nO[]X lBW*gdRHUH[Yafg#W|wJRHW*X]\#l_T-gdZH[YT-^8\1[]X
g#W*U;VJWHn\#p;\_^àf\_{*RH\hVJRHU;bRH\#[]X%8b`8`_[]X l_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#Waf[ T*l_lBW*UJ²

e8\_UJe`TS[]UJwb\-lB\%VJ[;l_T-pH[]^8\ []XJg#W*U;VJWHn*\SlBW*gdZ;T-e8e8\%p;\_^XYT|`bb-BB_-©_Yb;*y

r o J
W _
l `
l H
} ]
[
W J
V _
\ ]
X Y
X h
T #
g _
\ J
U
e8^8W-wJ[YT-g#WdbRH[]U;VJ[VJ[O^8W*UJe8\|T*VhRHU;Tdg#\_e`T-g#W*^fWbaf[VJ\_X]XYT|VJ[YafpHRHe`T|^`T3J8b*©_Yb;/\ 8
e d
\ *
{ ;
R -
T `
^ H
V
T _
T *
w -
T J
U 8
e
[ ]
[ 6
U H
R !
U _
l *
T f
a H
W
n #
\ ]
[ ;
U J
V ]
[ _
\ 8
e 8
^
W H
U _
\ ]
X F
X «
o -
T ]
X 8
e 8
^ H
W #
¨ B
l [
p;YHT-b^8e8*\1©_YVHbT-;X]*X]\SnHlBpH[]^8WH\_\c g#^`\-T/a8afgh\1T-{*e8\_X][OghT*T-a8e8af[Y[]W*l_Tg#\,[®a8p;lB[]\_\_^SUHq-T-TJ^8^8y%[]w*rT-T/^8\/ghT-T-X]e8X]\/\_ghlBW*T-U;e8[YlBl_X]R;T/af\Sc []W*[]UHUJ[FT-e8[e8e8[\_VJW*\-^8VJ\_RHg#e8[e8®[]*w*XYTJT ¨
a8T-lB^8[]^8\_[]w*UHT-q-^8T\1\#c T-X][]X]UJ\/wbpH\-^8lB\_\1g#[]U;\-VJa8afRH\1e8e8[]X]w*\/TJX]¨/\_{*p;{*T-[O^8VJe8\#[OU;VHT-T-e8X]RHX]\#^`TblB®`W*y U;lBX]R;af[]W*UH[S[ VHT-e8[ afp;\_^8[]g#\_UJe`T-X][® p;\_^
SU;l`}H\SbRH\-afe8W1VJ[]Z;T-e8e8[]e8W/};T/RHU;T,X]RHUH{bT1afe8W*^8[YTJnJVJ[lBRH[HXYT/lBW*UJe8^`T-pHp;Wbaf[]q_[]W*UH\S^`T
ghT-e8\_ghT-e8[Yl_T/\|a8lB[]\_UHq-T#\dc afW*X]W#XFo RHX]e8[]ghT/g#\_e`T-g#W*^fWbaf[F¨%VJW*p;Wh\-a8af\_^8\|afe`T-e8WdW*^8gdRJ²
XY[]UJT-e8FWdT-e8VHe8[;T|^8S[]pH^8^8[Y\-afafe8W|W*e8VH\_T1X]\bafnJe8l`W*}H[YlB\/[;T*\-l_VdlB^8\_\-pHVJ[Y[]lBe-RHW1c ^8\_XYT1[Fn*a8\,lBW*VJp;[]wb\_\_^8UHe`TdUH\SVJ\_RHX]U;XFoT1[]U;VJVJ\_RHX]X]q_\,[]W*VJUH[ \S\_Td^8\_bUHWJq_lB\S^`T-lBe8^8\bR;nHlB\-[YT-a8afX][HW1^`R T
^`T-q_[]SW*U;W*T-UhX][YlBaf[;e8[Oafe8\-RHV#pH\_[]^8g#\_g#pH[]W/^8[YVJafe8RH[FU;y bRH\,VJ[;wb\-VJ\_^8\SVHT/RHUdXYT-e8W1[]Xl_T-UJe8W*^8\,VJ\_X]XYTSX]W*{*[Yl_T1VJ\_X]XYT

a^`8lBT-W*q_[]p;W*\_U;^8T-e`X]T\|a8VJlB\_[]\_X]XYUJT|e8[af°WJl_lBTJ[]\_n e-/Tdc T-VJ^83[ X XWY*T-pHe8W*p;UH\_\1^_n\|XYT-3e8^`T-T-^8^8\hnHlB\|W*UJVHe8T-^8X]WhXFo«T-[%X]e8e8^8\_WdUJe`VJT-[e8af[]wJ\_UJ[%e8VJ[]^S[ VJ^8[Y[]lB^8Wb\1afT-e8^8XRHp;q_Wb[]W*\_UHe`T\

pHVJ\_[8R3cX]XY1T/lBW*\/cX]U;W*XY{*afT*\_[Ya8l_^8lBT/w*\_T-^8ghe8\_W*g#T-^8e8\|W/\_ghVJp;\_\_T-X]^-e8XYW#T1c[Yl_l`TJa8lB}HnJ[]\/r;\_UHR;g#q-VJTWJ¦JVJ[]y\_{ ^8UH@[ []Se8e8\_{*¦\_e8U;W*afUhe8\_p;[]UOWbnHa8a8l`T-}HUH\ Wh`VJ[]X][X]R;FT-VJe8\_e8^`W|af[OUHVJW*[UT_wbl*o]\_\Sc ^ UJe8RH^8W-X]XYw*T1T-e8VJW [

UHafR \_hX]XYTlB[]l_\_T*UJVJe8\,RHe`p;T3\_^ VJ[ W*RH^8gdURHgdXYT-RH^8^8\SWXYT|Y^`X]\_T{*{*XFo«\/T-X]VJe8^8\_WHX]XFno«T-UHe8\_e8^`pHT-pHq_RH[]W*^8\hUH\,afRHRHX]UHXYT[]wb\_X]W*^`^8a8W3T-X]\/e8\-VJaf\_e`TbX®,l_T-RHpHU;[]Te`T-X]^`[YT-af{*g#[]W*WHUHy \

587 7 < : /5 5 7

zFXlBW*gdRHUH[Yafg#W#pH^8W*p;W*UH\hRHU;T3W*^8{bT-UH[]q_q-T-q_[]W*UH\hVJ\_X]XYTafW-²
lBW*[]\_U;e-VHT3c T-e8Z;W#T*a8afT-RHe`X]XFT!oYBafFRHYX]JXYT!FHy 87 bYb;= ,[]X,l_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#WVJ[\_U;VJ\RHUHW!afwJ[]X]RHpHp;W

r;\3^8[YlB\_^`l`}H\hVJ[ W*{*\_^bp;\_^8^8u!afRHX]XYTafe8^8RHe8e8RH^`T6lB\_^8\_ZH^`T-X]\bn%p;\_^dX]\3bR;T-X][S\_{*X][
};ThW*e8e8\_UJRHe8Wh[]XpH^8\_g#[]W SW*Z;\_X%p;\_^/XYT#g#\-VJ[YlB[]U;T|UH\_XSm_k*~Jm*n};T-UHUHWg#Wbafe8^`T-e8Wl`}H\
#
!"
º«¶f¹ ;;»B¶fÄ`¾-Å«¶f»Bº ¼-Å«%» ¾-Ä`»¹¾-Ä`Å ·¶f»B·»BÆfÅ«º ¹¸-¼-º«¸*ÈBº65B¶f¶f%¹¹¸*¶O5 Ä`¹ºBÅÆ8Ä`Ä`¹.Ë¶2-¾-ºº Ä`Ë¶f¼_Àº8¾-*¶fÎ ÅBËS»B¼-¾-»¸-¹»`ÈB»_Æ8Ä`*5Àº`¾*Ä`ÅB;Æ858Ä`¶O¸-Çº«ÀFÄ8Ä`Â Å«º«·,ËS»B»;¼-·Á ºB5 ¸-ÉJ=»½ 58·¶fÍBÉ-¶f¼-¾-» 5
# # %$&'()*+*-,
9»BËS¸-ºÄ`¼-6º 5 15B¸JÎ -Î
." 0/ # 0123$,4'56023
7 28*-596:258;'-$)0,+'=<-5>?'4' -@ACB0D 3E GF'6:6H+5<0$6:5'<
-@A+A-@ -B0I+J
ª
X]af\3[]UHT-[Yafe8e8e8^8[]W6wJ[]e-\#c T6c pHVJ^8\_\_p;[,WbVJafRHe8W\3T-\_X g#p;[YaF\_U;\_af^8[][\_^8afW3W*UHT*W!afe8lB^`W*T-g#e8e8WpHX]\_\#g#T-\BX]X]UJ\he`T-T-^8e8[ e8[]\3wJ[]VJe-Thc[ VJ\_^8[\_lBUHW*q_gd[YT-RHe8\bUH¨3[Yl_T-XFoq_\_[]g#W*UH[YaF\bnO\_^8VJW [
a8lB^8[]e8e8RH^`T,\,VJ[;l_T-XYlBW*X]W JbRH\_X]X]W/VJ\-afe8^8Wd\Sc gdRHe8WHn*\SpH^8\_p;Wbafe8W|T-X]X]\ST-e8e8[]wJ[]e-T,c p;\_^`lB\_e8e8[]wb\

\1VJ[Or^8Th[YlBXYW*T-UHe8Wb\_a8^`lBT-[]X]g#[]q_q-\_T-UJq_e8[]WHW*y UH\|VJ\_X lB\_^8wb\_X]X]Wh\#c VJRHU;bRH\#lBW*[]UJwbW*X]e`TdUH\_X]XYT#VJ\_e8\_^8g#[]U;T-q_[]W*UH\
VJ\_XlBW*g#p;W*^8e`T-g#\_UJe8WdT|X][]wb\_X]X]W1UH\_RH^8W*U;T-X]\bn;[]Uhg#WJVJWde`T-X]\|VHT|^8[ ;\_e8e8\_^8\dYW*^àf\1UHW*U
afW*X]Wp;\_^|[]^8W*UH[YT3VJ\_X]XYT3afW*^8e8\*®/X]\he8\_U;VJ\_UHq_\#p;W*X][]e8[Yl`}H\b¨d{*X][ []U;VJ[]wJ[YVJRH[S§VJ[af[]UH[Yafe8^`TJo

a8[]lBU[]\_UJlBRHe8[[°XFlBo [F\_nJg#b[YRHaF\_\_X]X]^8[OWd§VJaf[][OUHVJ[Yaf\-e8af^8e8Wh^`TJT-o;ZHpHZH[8R[Yc T[YaflBe8[][]WHUJ\|c e8[]XYwJTd[;pH\-^8Vh\_g#T-^8[]e8UH[Yaf\_e8UH[Yq-lB[FTby ®a8T-^`T-UHUHWpH[8Rc ^`T-q_[]W*U;T-X][\

1
U #
g J
W J
V S
W \ h _
l *
T B
l
\ J
V J
[ -
\ f
a H
p 8
^ ]
[ #
g _
\ 8
^
\ Y
X
T Y
X -
T 8
e _
\ `
^ -
T ]
X ]
[ _
q -
q -
T _
q ]
[ *
W H
U
\
T ]
X ]
[ b
w _
\ ]
X ]
X
W #
g _
\ `
e _
T
*
W 8
^ Y
[ B
l
W 8
^ Y
[ 8
a -
T ]
X \

T*V@S^8[Yafe8W*e8\_X]\bnl`}H\3VJ\B°;UJc¯SXFo RHW*g#W3RHU T-UH[]ghT-X]\h^`T-q_[]W*U;T-X]\byb\3XYT3^`T-{*[]W*UH\\3c XYT

+
W*b^8R;{bT-T-X][]UHe-[]T6c q_q-l`T-}Hq_\[]W*UHVJ\3[Yafe8VJ[]UH\_X]{*XYRHT\afWJXFolBRH[]\_W*e-g#Tc W6Z;VHT*a8T-T-{*e8X][/[1afT-R UH[]ghVJ[ST-\-X][Fa8na8T6af[,afpH[YT-RUHW!c W6p;pH\_[8U;R c a8T-[]U@^8\6af[]lÙJ}He8\W*UHaf[Y[YTafe8\_lBg#W*U@[SVJX]W [

afwJ[]X]RHpHp;WSZH[]W*X]W*{*[YlBW/VJ[HbRH\_X]X][bZ;T*a8T-e8[H[]UJwb\-lB\%afRHX]XFo [Yafe8[]UJe8W,Fl`}H\bn-UHW*UdT,l_T*afWHn*wb\_UH{*W*UHW
T|wbW*X]e8\,p;T-^`T-{*W*U;T-e8[%T-X]XYT#] 7J|J`] bYJ= *H®`y
587 7 ,9 `5 3
XY[]
X;T|l_ lBT-W*pHU;[]be` T-RHX][Y[Yafafe`g#T1zFW/XOVJlB\_lBW*W*XgdUJp;e8W*RH^è8UHT-\_pH[Y^8afp;\/g#W*\/W/UHXY\/e8T/\_[]W*Xe8^`^8`T*[]bq_aF(q-W*T1_^8YXYghbThdT-Bq_YB[]_JW**UHF *\,©_b^`Y8T*bbVJ;b[Y|l_JT-*lBX]]W*\/Sg#VJlB\SW*\_X]g#g#XYT1\\_afq_\-WJq_aflBW1p;[]\_\-p;e-VJ\_Tc [^²

\_UJe8\,p;\_^SXYT|lBW*U;af\_^8w*T-q_[]W*UH\1VJ[O\_UJe8^`T-gdZH[Fy
zFX VJ[]X]\_g#g#T1^`T`bJFYHJ] 3\3b_`bJFYHJ] \dc e8[]pH[YlBWVJ\_X]X]\|a8lB[]\_UHq_\|U;T-e8RH^`T-X][Fn

Z;p;\_WbU;a8a8l`T|}O\dcFT-[]^X%^8af[]R;e8\_l_UHlB\-\_a8^8af\,W[]XVJlB\_W*XUJFe8T-^`g#T-^8Wb[]afWHWy T_W*^8[YafghThVJ[r;[]UHUH\_W /*FJ83Hbd_b_]_*«F**®

r S
T B
l *
W J
U 8
e ]
[ J
U H
R ]
[ -
e %
T c H
U *
W d
U
\ c
e`T3VHT3i%};T-^8X]\-adr;ub\_X]X%p;\_^1XFo \_wbW*X]RHq_[]W*UH\|{*\_W*X]W*{*[Yl_TpH^8[]ghTJnO\hVHTi%};T-^8X]\-a ,T-^8¦[]U -
T ]
X 8
e 8
^ S
W `
l H
}
\ H
R ;
U
T B
l Y
X *
T 8
a f
a Y
[ _
l
T *
T 8
a f
a H
R H
U _
q ]
[ *
W H
U %
\ *
W 8
e 8
e J
W B
l _
\ J
U 8
e -
\ 8
a _
l J
T *
n f
a b
W f
a 8
e _
\ J
U J
R ²
p;\_^1XFo \_wbW*X]RHq_[]W*UH\|ZH[]W*X]W*{*[Yl_Thp;W*[Fn%UHW*UHWbafe`T-UJe8\hXYTlBW*UJe8^`T-^8[YTh\_wJ[YVJ\_UHq-Taf\-VJ[]g#\_UJe`T_²

^8[YT\dWba8af[]X]\Fl`}H\#VJW-wb\_e8e8\#\-a8af\_^8\hbRH[]U;VJ[afpH[]\_{bT-e`TT*a8afRHg#\_U;VJW*UH\#RHUOo []UJe8^8[]U;af\-l_T
[]U;lBW*g#pHX]\_e8\_q_q-Tb®`y
ÆfËSÅ«º »BË,8¼-´JÄ`¾-ÀÄS» º«fÆ*¸-Î+-¹¶B¶fÃOËS¶fº«·¼-·F¶fÄ,¼-·Ê8¶fÄSË.¾-2-º;¹FÉ-Ä¼|º«¼7¶f>YËSÄ`Àº«À6· ºH>]¶f¹¹º«»S¸-¹·»_É-¾-Å«»BÅYµ ÀÄ`ÀFÅ«ÄSÀ¹¼-»S¶f¸*Å«Å»BÄÀ¹¾-¶ º«2;Æf»B2*À¶,»BËS¶f·º·Ä¶f¹>]¶S¹FÄSÅ«¶f¼-Í_»BÄ`¹ÀF¾1;Ä 5¶ >]¹F·ÄSÉ-¾ ÅYµ Ä`Å«º«À¼ ¹=» Y5bÀFÄ`ÄSÅ«º¹FÄ Ä`¶ÍBº«»B¼-¼-¶fÅº

¹º«Ë,Ä`$_¼-ºÍ_¹Äº«ÆfÆf»B»B¹ËS¾-º ¶¶1½ 5;2-º«·»BÍB¼*Ä Æ*1+-¶¾-Àº É-ÀÀº«»É-·Æ8¶fÄ`¸-Ë.¸*2-¶,º,*¿HÎ »BË,Ä`·ºH¾-ºO´JÄ`ËS¸*¶f¾-É-·FÄ- Ã '·¶SÈB»BÍBÅ«ºÄ`ËS»*Æ +-¶,ÀÉ-ÀÀ»

(GH+2+6:6:,8*-2+9 ;+,

e8[Yafe8[Yrl_TdT,FVJl`[Y}Ha8lB\W*UHUJ\e8[]\ c UJ[]RHg#[]e-pHT|c ^8\/c\_{*[]U;UJT-wbe`\-TblB®;\ST-RH[JU;l_T|T-gdlBW*ZHgd[YT-RHg#UH\_\SUJ[]e8p;[BW*pHe8RH\-UJaf[Oe8R;g#T-WJe8[]VJwJ\_[J^8VJU;[HTJbnHe8VH\_T-pHX]}HXYT/\_U°bTaf[Y_l_u1T1¤SbR;W*RHT-UJXYV ²
Faf\-lBW*U;VJWlBRH[XFo \_wbW*X]RHq_[]W*UH\/pH^8WJlB\-VJ\|p;\_^,e8RH^8Z;T-g#\_UJe8[O[Yafe`T-UJe`T-UH\_[%VJ[%af[]e8R;T-q_[]W*UH[VJ[
\-T-bX]XYRHTS[]e8X][]\_ZHW*^8^8[][YWT/VJVJ[]\_U;X]T-X]\g#l_[YT-lBWJe`T*®àfn-e8VH^8T-W-X]°hX]\ VJ^8[[]wb\W*_X]RHUq_\S []W*s UH}H[bW*a8g>lB[]\_FUJlè8}H[\,°l`\c }HRH\UHFW1T-pHafe8pHR;RHVJUJ[]e8W1WJ®VJ\_VJX][HX]\s VJ}H[YW*a8ghlBW*T*UJa e8[],UJRHRH[]}He-U Tc
VJ[afW*X]RHq_[]W*UH[VJ[O\-bR;T-q_[]W*UH[OVJ[ \_^8\_UHq_[YT-X][®`y
,V6T-^8{*W*g#\_UJe`T-^8\hThFT_wbW*^8\hVJ\_X]XYTh^8[]wbW*X]RHq_[]W*UH\dUHW*U@afW*X]WlBW*g#\dp;Wba8af[]ZH[]X]\bnghT

lBa8lBW*[]g#\_UJ\/e8[U;°T-lè8}HRH\b^`nT-X]p;\1\_^3W*^8UHghW*U T|VJp;[%T-^8l_XYT-T-gd^8\ZH[YVJT-[|g#b\BUJRHe8\_W|X]X]\3a8T-X]^8\_\_e8ZHe8Z;\_^`\_T-^8^8Wh[]\bVJy>RHU;,bRHV \d\-afafR \_hg#lBpH[][]\_WHUJnSe8[UHg#\_X]XF\_o e`T_bW* H^8\
{*`6\_UHVJ\_^`[dT-bq_[]W-W*U;WJT-lBX]X]\\T_wJp;wJW*[][d\_UHT-\#UHUHUH\-W*a8U!afW g#VH\-T-VJX]XY[YTT-UJp;e8\daf[YlBRHWbU;T-TU;T-afX]\_[Yg#af[1pHX]^8[YlB\_\#R;VJaf[YWbT-afU;e8[]Tbe8®#RHq_XF[]o«T_W*wJUHwJ\[YlBVJ\_\_U;X VH°;T-{*g#X][]\_WUJe8T-W X

p;\/T*XFVJo«T-^8pH\bpHn;^8Z;W*\_pHU;^8aF[Yc¯T-q_T-[]e8W*e8UH^`\/T_wb[]\_U;^`lBaf\-Wdafe8RHRHU;WbTda8T|afW*VJpH\_pHX]XY^8T1\-a8ghaf[]T*W*VJUH^8\|\bywJ[]W*X]\_UJe`T|l`}H\/p;T*a8a8T#p;\_^S[]XOp;T-^8^8[YlB[YVJ[]W
SW*UFTlBW*gdRHU;bRH\|ghT-X]\|^8[YlBW*^`VHT-^8\hT-Xl_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#WhVJ[ UHW*UVJ[]g#\_UJe8[Yl_T-^8\|l`}H\
\-l_a8T-afU;WdT|af\,e8\-a8^àfT-WdU;lBe8^`\-T-af\b\/y XYT1pH^8W*pH^8[YT1X]\_{*[]e8e8[]g#[]e-T,c afe8W*^8[Yl_T|VHT-X]X]\/^8[]wbW*X]RHq_[]W*UH[;[]UH{*X]\-af\bnJT-g#\_^8[²
3;7 353

z F
X B
l *
W d
g H
R H
U Y
[ f
a #
g /
W f
a O
[ ;
Z *
T 8
a |
T f
a H
R ]
X Y
X #
T `
-
B
;
B
8
-
_
© Y
b
;

`
^ 1
T ]
[ ;
U J
V ]
[ J
w Y
[ J
V H
R F
[ n
[]XOl_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#W|afRHX]XYT1X]W*^8W3`bJF8BbH-_©_Yb;*y
afe`T-eì%T1W*g#W*^8\gdW*RH^8XYghT-e`T-T/[HVHp;T|Wba8s af[Y}HT-W*g#ghW|T*T*aafp;S\_W*e8ZHe`Z;T-^`\-lBa [FnJUHT-\_U;Xl`m_}Hv\,Jm*bnRHlB\-W*afe`g#T1\|a8lBb\_]X]]e`BTS|UH|W*#U3J\Sc ÙJHRHW-Bw*bTJY¨b\-Ha8a8BTd8H\c n
\-\|V3¥,\1c aft*VJT-[]^,wb\_UJRHW*e`^8T/{*\_UHU;\_afX%e8\_m_^8k-UO*y #XYT1Z;T*af\|VJ\_X]XYT#f8bBY#JB bY- H%VJ[ *W*}HU %W*U S\_RHghT-UHU
F
z O
X J
V ]
[ ]
X _
\ #
g #
g ,
T f
a O
[ ;
p *
W H
U 1
\ |
T J
V H
R 1
\ B
l *
W
a8lB\_X]e`TJ¨daf\hRHUHWVJ\_[ VJRH\VJ\_UJRHU;lB[YThXFo«T-X]e8^8WhghThUHW*UwJ[YlB\_wb\_^à8TJnO[]XVJ\_XYT-e8W*^8\#wJ[]\_UH\ #
g H
p ]
X Y
[ B
l ;
[ -
T 8
^ 8
^ -
\ f
a `
e -
T 8
e F
[ H
n |
T B
l H
R
[ f
a
[ H
p 8
^ -
\ f
a _
\ J
U `
e 1
T H
R ;
U 1
T 8
e 8
^ ]
[ H
p ]
X Y
[ B
l \
X][]Z;\_^`T-e8W\-V6[]X%e8^`T*VJ[]e8W3wJ[]\_UH\#lBW*U;VHT-UHU;T-e8W6T3j*¬3T-UHUH*[ af\#\_UJe8^`T-gdZH[%VJ\_UJRHU;lB[YT-UHW
XFo«T-X]e8^8WHn^8[YlB\_wbW*UHW#j*¬hT-UHUH[ lB[YT*a8lBRHUHW af\|UH\-a8afRHUHWVJ\_UJRHU;lB[YTdXFo«T-X]e8^8WHn;\-a8af[wb\_UH{*W*UHW
\_UJe8^`T-gdZH[lBW*U;VHT-UHU;T-e8[Thm_¬dT-UHUH[Fy

U _
l -
T H
p ]
[ `
e -
T ]
X Y
[ f
a `
e
T 8
a B
l _
\ *
{ ]
X ]
[ _
\ -
^ h
T c J
V
[ J
V _
\
e8\_UH\_^8\p;\_âB\Sc []X;ghT*a8af[]g#WSw*T-UJe`T-{*{*[]WhXYT,X][]Z;\_^`T-q_[]W*UH\*® *RHUhlBW*gdRHUH[Yafe`T,a8lB\_{*X][]\_^-T,c VJ[
J
U H
R ;
U B
l Y
[ -
T 8
^ d
\ ]
[
X B
l *
W #
g H
p ]
X Y
[ B
l b
\
n H
U _
\ ]
X Y
X h
T f
a ;
p _
\ `
^ -
T H
U -
q
T J
V %
[ *
W f
e ²
UHW*UVJ\_UJRHU;lB[YT-^8\,[]XOlBW*g#pHX][YlB\bn-UH\_X]XYT1afp;\_^`T-UHq-TdVJ[\_wJ[]e`T-^8\/T1e8RHe8e8[[]XghT-X]\p;\_{*{*[]W*^8\
RHU;T1lBW*U;VHT-UHU;T|T1j*¬1T-UHUH[®`y H^`T/VJRH\/l_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafe8[Fn*\_UJe8^`T-gdZH[Jwb\_UH{*W*UHW|lBW*U;VHT-UHU;T-e8[
T1j*¬|T-UHUH*[ J^`T1VJRH\/lBW*gdRHUH[Yafe8[Fn*\_UJe8^`T-gdZH[Jwb\_UH{*W*UHWdlBW*U;VHT-UHU;T-e8[Tdm_¬|T-UHUH*[ b^`T1RHU

l_j*T-¬dpHT-[]eÙHT-UHX][*[YafHe`[]T/Uh\-UHVd\-a8RHafURHU3lBW*l_gdT*afRHW|UH\_[YafUJeè8TJ^`n*T-[]gdXpHZH^8[[]afg#W*UHW/W#w*T1X][]Z;X][]\_Z;^`\_T-^8e8WH[Fynb\-Vd[]XOaf\-lBW*U;VJW#\1c lBW*U;VHT-UHU;T-e8W#T
zFXVJ[]X]\_g#g#T1VOTdc g#W*X]e8[O[]U;af\_{*U;T-g#\_UJe8[F¨ T#l`}H[]RHU;bRH\bn;l`}H\1[]XO{*[YT-^`VJ[]UHWhVJ\_X]XFo«%VJ\_U
làf[][]}HZHU\/[]X]lBRH[RHU[OUHe8g#\-RHa8W*e8afe8U;RH[UHVJ};WdWhT-[]T_UHUwJUH^8W#lB\_RHZH[][XOZ;\-g#\/a8af[]\_[XO{*g#X]Wb[]WJa8\_®af{*\_X]UH^8[]W*WHW#UhnJwJghF[]e8T|T1e8W*p;UH^8T-\-[]^8Wba8e8afaf\|[RHUHa8VJT-Wh\_^8[O\_T_g#ZHwJZ;^8W*\_\|U;ZHVJ[]Z;XO[O\/g#p;UHWb[]\_{*a8pHafX][][]pHW*ZHRH^8[]\X]^8*[ \1;^`T-[]TdX[p;blBW*\_RH{*gd\_{*X]X]RH[][OWJUHp;® [YOafWbe8T-aF[F² [ n
l_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafe8[FnHl`}H\,RHUhg#W*U;VJW|[]UlBRH[O\-a8af[;Wba8af\_^8WdwJ[]e8e8W*^8[]Wbaf[a8T-^8\_ZHZ;\1[]Xp;\_{*{*[]W*^8\/^`T
bRH\_X]i%X][;W*p;^8W*WbX]a8XYafT-[]^8ZH[O[][]X]UJ[%e8\_e8^8RH\-e8a8e8a8[T-T_UJwJe8^8[F\_¨ZHUHZ;W*\_U3^8W|afW*[]X]XOWdp;[]\_XO{*lB{*W*[]WJgd®`RHy UH[Yafg#W|\1c pH^8W*p;W*UH[]ZH[]X]\1lBW*g#\,af[Yafe8\_ghT
RH_|UH[]Jwb®\_O^à8afT-[]g#X]\bg#nbgh\Be8T,^8[YpHl_RT-W1gdc \BRHUJUHe8\bq_[]nbW*UHU;W*T-U^8\/afW*afW*X]WhX]e`T-[]XUJl_e8T-W#pHaf[]\,e`T-X]X]W|[YafVJg#[]wbW|\_UHUJW*e`T|UF\|c VHT|pH^8lBW*RHp;[W*XFUHoYY[]JZHf[]X]B\dBHlB-W*©_g#Yb\1Haf*[YaF ²
e8af\#\_gh[]XT1lBRHW*UHgd[]wbRH\_UH^`[Ya8afT-g#X]\bW|nHghWba8T1af\RHVHUHT_q_wJ[]W*wbU;\_T#^8WhafW*°;X]UHe`T-[]e8UJW3e8WdlB[°;a8U;T-l`^8}O\_\1c ZHZ;UH\hW*U3p;WJX]WhlBWVJ[]VHwbT\_UJ{*e`[]T#W*[]^8[]\U3bp;HT-^8 ;e8[Y#lBW*p;XYT-\_^8^1\b[ n

l_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafe8[ ®`y
%
b
H
R ]
[ *
w -
T ]
X _
\ J
U 8
e _
\ #
g _
\ J
U 8
e *
\ %
n ]
[ U 8
e _
\ 8
^ #
g ]
[ H
U *
W ]
X *
W *
{ Y
[ 3
T *
t -
T J
U 8
e Y
[ -
T ;
U J
T 6
¨ ]
[ /
X B
l *
W d
g H
R H
U Y
[ f
a #
g
W f
a J
W H
V J
V Y
[ F
a F

T Y
X T

le`BT-W*ZHU;[]VJX]\|[]q_[]VHW*TdUH\,e8RHVJe8\_e8X][XFoY[]YUSg#;BWJ8VJ*WdFY_^`/T-q_`[]*W*fU;bT-X]b\ BOYàfH[]g#nJVJg#[;\_\-e8a8^faf[Y\_l_^8T-\,gdlB\B[]WHUJ\Sce8\bRHnJUhafW*lBe8W*e8g#Whp;XYT|W*^8p;e`T*T-lBg#[°\_l_UJT#e8W/T*T*a8afVJRHW*UJef²²
q_[]W*UH\1l`}H\/XFo«T-RHe8W*X]\-af[]W*UH[Yafg#W1UHW*U3af[YT|^`T-q_[]W*U;T-X]\bnJ[]Xl_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#W1UHW*U3afWJVHVJ[YaFFTde`T-X]\
lBW*U;VJ[]q_[]W*UH\by
%5 ;5 3

zFX lBW*gdRHUH[Yafg#Wdp;\_^àf\_{*RH\hRHU6[YVJ\-T-X]\#VJ[,; bJ7 *Ybb©_;n%[]U
[XYlBThRHpH[b^8W*lBY-[YpHT*B^8a88[%lB_RHZH] UH[Y;afW#W*nH{*[]VOUUHT#c [*afp;af\-[]\-X%lBlBW*l_[YU;T-T-XOpHVJ[]Wdg#e`T-X]WJX]\1VJ[YafpHW1g#^8W*W#^`pHT|lB^8\_l`[]\/^`}Hl_[p;T#pHWb^8VJa8WJaf[[]VJZHghR;[]X]lBT-[]\1e-UJT|c e8\1\_\-UHl`Vh}H\_^8[W*\1e8{*e8R;\-[]V3\_T*UHVHT*\1T-l_{*lBafU;\-^8TJ\-lBW*a8y lBU;\_VJ^8W \

S\_[baf[Yafe8\_g#[B°af[YlB[blBW*U/RHU/{*^`T-U1UJRHg#\_^8W VJ[bp;T-^8e8[YlB\_X]X]\bn_VJ[]wb\_^àf[]e-Tc \-V,RH{*R;T-{*X][YT-UHq-T

e8^`^`TST-^8\_[]X]WH\_nJg#af[J\_Z;UJe8T*[bVJaf[FW*nbUHp;W/\_^`^8l`[Y}Oafp;\ c \_XFe8o e8W*[]^`w*VJT-[]g#UH\ \_UJ\_g#e8\ \_T*^8a8{*af\WJT-lB[YpHT-pHe8RH\,UJT*e8V|W1W*VH^`T-VJX][]XYUHTS\p;\Wba8VJaf[Y[]afZHW*[]^`X][]VJe-[]T,c UH\bVJ¨[;VJUH[YW*afUde8[]UHT-X;{*RHlBW*\_UJ^8\²
T-XYlBRHUH[\_X]\_g#\_UJe8[HVHT-[^8[]ghT-UH\_UJe8[FyzFU#p;T-^8e8[YlBW*XYT-^8\bnJRHUhaf[Yafe8\_ghT/l`}H\,\-af[]ZH[Ya8l_T/[]X;ghT*aF²
af[]g#W1{*^`T*VJWhVJ[RH{*R;T-{*X][YT-UHq-Th\1c [YVJ\_UJe8[°l_T-e8W|lBW*Uh[]Xl_T-WbaBy
F
z
X J
V Y
[ f
a *
W `
^ J
V ]
[ H
U ,
\ J
V ;
[ H
R h
U f
a Y
[ f
a 8
e _
\ h
g ,
T J
w ]
[ _
\ H
U
\ #
g Y
[ f
a H
R `
^ -
T 8
e 1
W H
V -
T ]
X F
X o _
\ J
U
VJVJ\_\_X]XOXYT/af[Yafe8e8\_\_^8ghg#T/WJVJaf[[]U;pHT-Rg#Wdc [Yl_W*T/e8e8af\_eÙHT-\_ZH^8[]\/X][Ya8afW*lB\/X]e`T-l`}HUJ\,e8WdXFo T-\_XUJpHe8^8^8W*\_pHq_[Yq_T1W|T-VJRH\_g#XOVJ\_[YUJafe`W*TJ^`¨VJ[]XFUHo W*\/^`VJX]WJ[]UHl_\/T-X]\/VJ[VJRH[U;RHT|UOo«p;T-T-X]e8^8^è8T\8
e 8
^ *
W H
p Y
[ J
T *
n S
\ Y
X 1
T f
a -
\ B
l *
W ;
U H
V /
T ]
X _
\ *
{ *
{ \
·ÀFÄ`¹¶ Ä`È_Å«È_¶fºÄ`ÍBËS¹6º 5¶f<*¼_À¼-1¶ *Æ 5b+bÆB¶%½ µ ¶S½ÆfºJÄ`·¼-»B*Æ ¼-+-» ¶ºJÅYÆ8µ Ä`Ä`Å«¸-À¹Fº«ÀF.Ä Ä`>YÅ«ºÄ`·ÆfÀÆfºYºÎ ÄS/¾-Ä ¶fÅ«Ì_ÅÄSÉ-¶fËS·À¶f»S¾*Ä`Å«» ÍBÅ«·FºÄ`Ä-¸*ÃO¶f*Æ ÈB+-Ä`¶SËSº;»%ÆfÍB»BºYËÄ-½ Î É-¼-º«·Àº +*Ä`¼-¼-»/¸*»_Æf»/¾*Ä

E
v
p;w*T1T-^8VHe8\bT/nHg#W*X][]e8UH^8W*\/^8\l`}HT/\/ghVJ[OT-{*RH{*Uh[]W*gh^8\ST-{*\_{*UJ[]e8W*^8^W*pHVJ[Y[YT/afW*VJ^`\_VJe8[]\_UH^8\/g#{*[]X]U;W*TZ;XYT-T,X]\by ^8\-rl_TdlB[YVJT,[]VJ^8\_\_q_X;[]e8W*\_UHg#\Sp;e8\_W,g#ghp;T*W*lB^`^8T-WbX]a8\/lBl`W*}HpJ\ ²
[YlBWHnJ[]U;VJ[Yl_T-U;VJW#VHT|bR;T-X]\/p;T-^8e8\1afe`T|[]XRHe8RH^8WHy
[°afaf[Y[YlBafre8*[ S\_o«T-g#\-U;a8[OT-afX]afW6W*WJ{*lB\-[Y[YafT|T-e8X]\_l`[U;}HlBVJ\,[f\Wdc T-ZHl`XYT}HZH\/[Yp;T-XYg#W*Td^8W1eàfT-\-[]e`lBU#T!W*g#U;VJVH\_\_T|UJX]XYe8X]T\,\_{*\,c {*^8\-p;\|l_T*VJlBlB[Y\_[T3°X]XYl_T1VJTJ\_e8¨XS\_[]^8e8X%g#\_|g#WJ*VJp;f[]WBU;BT-\3Yg#*g#[Y_l_Wb|T|af\11e8c ^`p;BTF\_bl`^SB}HY[\bàfdnS[YaflB\,c e8W*\_p;g#g#\_\^ [
[]XOghT-UJe8\_UH[]gd\_UJe8W1VJ\_X]XFo W*^`VJ[]UH\S°af[YlBWh\/c RHUpH^8WJlB\-a8afW#X]\_e8e8\_^`T-X]g#\_UJe8\ST-U;T*lB^8W*UH[Yafe8[YlBWHn
lBVJWb\_aFUJc¯e8[]\1XT*ghV#T-RHUJUe8\_p;UH[]\_gd^8[]\_WJUJVJe8W#W,VJVJ[\_X]afXFeò T*W*af^`[OVJ[]UH^`T|\,\_afWJpHlB[Yaf[YWJT-X]VJ\|[\,c VJ\_RHX]U#XYThpHB^8YWJ_lB*\-a8*af©_W#YbT-;UJSe8[Y;afBe8W*B|^8[YlBbW#;BFJlBW*f*^8^8nH[Y\-afafp;\_W*gdUJ²²
pHX][°zFl_UT-e8p;WdT-VH^8e8T-[YX]lBX]W*\1XYT-§lB^8W*\bUJn%e8lB^8W*W*U^8[]wbZHW*RHX]RHW*U;q_[]T3W*UHp;[FT*oJlBVJ\\_X]VJXFo«[ %Hafe RHtJ\_RHRH^8uJW*T-p;gh\_WJTJ®`n |Xy YT3afe8W*^8[YTp;W*e8^8\_ZHZ;\h°;UH[]^8\
afT-W*pHX]pHe`T-RHUJUJe8e8W6WhlBpHW*^8U\_wb[]\-X VJ^`\_T-w*{*Td{*3[]RHUHT-^8{*[]g#nlB\_W*UJU3e8WXFoYVJb\_HX]bX]W38 af He`YT-;e8¨W6XFo VJRH[SUH[YVJlB[YWhafW*§^àfVJe`[]T-UHe8\hWHoOe8l`W*}He`\bT-X]n\b\-y!a8afi%\_U;[]WHVJ\bc W#n e8lBW*W*e`g#T-X\²
g#\_UJe8\,afe`T-ZH[]X]\/\/[]^8^8\_wb\_^àf[]ZH[]X]\*n*pHRWdc ghT-UJe8\_UH\_^8\SXYT1p;T*lB\by
% ,AB< 9 5 3 3

zFXlBW*gdRHUH[Yafg#W|\| c T1FT_wbW*^8\1VJ\_X]XYT/YbH `-©_Yb;|BBJF8*]=
[]XOl_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#W|l_T-UJe`T1X]\/X]WJVJ[VJ\_X%6 BB8#dB8`*FHy
#
z J
V H
R
\ #
g J
W J
V _
\ ]
X ]
X S
[ H
U *
W U f
a *
W H
U !
W 8
e ]
[ H
p Y
[ B
l /
[ f
a *
W ]
X `
e -
T J
U 8
e @
W J
V _
\ ,
X H
p 8
^ J
W B
l -
\ 8
a f
a !
W H
p 8
^ J
W J
V H
R 8
e 8
e ]
[ b
w H
W ,
n h
g 6
T f
a [
p;{*\_WbUHa8af\_W*^ÙHT-e8W6W6T-VHpHT-pHX]X]X][Y\l_T-T-^8q_\#[]W*TUH[SbR;VJT-[SX]RHpHU;[8R@c bRHT-\#{*\_afUJ[Yafe8e8[\_[]ghU;VJTd[]wJ[]U[YVJlBR;RHT-[%X][*RH%U[]U!lBW*p;g#T-^8p;e8[YW*lB^8W*e`XYT-T-g#^8\b\_n UJTe8W#af{*[YafX]e8W*\_Z;g#T-X][ \VJ\c [
l_T-XYlBW*X]WHy

r «
o -
T ;
U -
T ]
X *
W *
{ 3
W J
V _
\ ]
X Y
X d
T H
p Y
[ -
T H
U
[
° _
l -
T _
q ]
[ *
W H
U d
\ B
l _
\ J
U 8
e `
^ -
T ]
X #
\ #
\ c H
V -
T 8
e 3
W H
V -
T %
X #
g J
W J
V _
\ ]
X ]
X #
W J
V %
[ _
l -
T Y
X B
l *
W Y
X -
T 8
e *
W 8
^ \
²W*XFo«{*T- {*e8e8[SB[]JwJ[]U!F[]8e-*T1c R;
afVJWH [OnRHbVJUhH\_He8{*Ye8^`=W6T- UT-U;UJp;l`RHT-}Hg#^`\6VJ\_W*|^8UOW|bnVJ` [ HlB8Y-W*HBg#8`p;_bW*Y UH=H\_HUJ® be8 [\/H1]pH1B^8JWJ²1|lBW*\-b^8a8H{bafO[FT-y UHy@[]q_zFq-U!T3\-[]a8UafWg#RHWJU;VJT6W6iSaf\_y ^8y[YT-X]\ y

ro«T-U;T-X]W*{*W|VJ\_XJX][]Z;\_^8WSg#\_^`l_T-e8W1\Sc VHT-e8W/VHT,g#WJVJ\_X]X][bVJ[Yafe8^8[]ZHRH[]e8[J\ p;T-^`T-X]X]\_X][J[]UdlBRH[

[]XlBW*g#p;W*^8e`T-g#\_UJe8W/{*X]W*Z;T-X]\,\_g#\_^8{*\,VHT1bRH\_X]X]W|VJ\_[lBW*g#p;W*UH\_UJe8[;[]U#g#WJVJW1W*X][Yafe8[YlBWHn
T*V3\-af\_g#pH[]WdX]\h``F ;BJ8*g#WJVJ\_X]XYT-e8\|afRHX%af[Yafe8\_ghT|UH\_^8wbWbafWFl`}H\bnOlBW*gdRHU;bRH\bnO\c
T-U;l`}OSo \_\-Xa8af^`W#T-pH§lB[YVJ\_UJWhe8^àfwJT-X][]\bX]RHo®`pHy p;WhVJ\_[af[Yafe8\_g#[OlB\_UJe8^`T-X][]q_q-T-e8[OVJ[l_T-XYlBW*X]WHn;Z;T*a8T-e8WafRHX]XYTdX]W*^8W
lBW*UJe8^8W*X]XYT-ZH[]X][]e-Thc \-VT hVHT-ZH[]X][]e-TJc n[]Xl_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#W};T3{*^`T-U;VJ\_g#\_UJe8\dZ;\_UH\B°lB[YT-e8W3[]U

e8\_^8g#[]UH[%lBW*g#g#\_^`lB[YT-X][!y SW*U[]Ue8\_^8g#[]UH[[]UJe8\_X]X]\_e8e8R;T-X][p;\_^-WHc n wJ[Yafe8Wl`}H\#\-a8afW3UHW*U

0
%&-¹FÄ`¼-Æfº«3· &-É-Á_É-Â_Ä`Ë,;Ä 5 C12 G<-5;+5((2$6:,+9'25( )+(6:'>?,)0,+>?, =5-ÇOº«ÊfÊf»BÅ«6º 5 -Î =@A+A
x
};pH^8T6\Be8\_^`^8T-[]e8e8e8WWU;UHT*\-a8a8lBafW*RHU;U;VJT\_^`X]af\_[,q_VJ[]W*[]UH\_e8\3^8W6VHT-[]X]XXFo«ghT-U;T-T-UJX]e8W*^`{*T[YTVJ\_lBX]W*XYUT3l_[]XST*VJpHRH^8e`WJT6lB\-VJa8af\_W@X,lBVJW*[,gdg#RH\_UH^`[Yl_afg#T-e8WHWHnn[]\-UJV!wb\-};lBT \
VJ[,l`}H[]\-VJ\_^àf[SVHTRHU!XYT-e8Waf\3\3lBW*g#\h[]Xg#\_^`l_T-e8Wp;Wba8a8T6\-a8af\_^8\3af[]gdRHXYT-e8WVHTRHU
lBafe`W*T-g#e8W,pHRHpHe8^8\_W-^_wbnWJ\3l_T-VHe8W/T-X]T-XFo«U;T-l`X]}He8^8\ W6W/afaf\hW*pH[]X^`T-Fe8T-e8X]RHX][]e8g#e8W1\_UJVHe8T-WX]XYVJT\_ghX]XYTT-U;pHl_[YT-T-UHUHq-[TS°l_VJT-[Jq_g#[]W*\_UHq_\q_[*lBe8\_\-UJlBe8UH^`[YT-lBX][b\hT*UHVJ\_W*{*U R;T-af[Ye8T [
p;\_ê`T-X]\1af[]gdRHXYT-q_[]W*UH\by
zFUdW*{*UH[l_T*afWHnJUHW*U3\Sc UH\-lB\-a8a8T-^8[]W1a8lBW*g#WJVHT-^8\S[;lBW*g#pHRHe8\_^p;\_^%g#Wbafe8^`T-^8\,bR;T-UJe8W
p;T-U;WJlBlBW*W1^`[]ThX;g#VHThWJVJwb\_\-X]VJX]W,\_^8VJ\1\_RHX;UOX][]oZ;[]g#\_^8pHW/^8g#\-a8\_T|^`l_[]UT-e8lBW,RHaf[[YT/{*X]pH[^8W*\-p;afW1\_^àfT-RH[ Xafaf[\_^8[]U;[]W1VJR;VHT-afe8[^8l_[YT-T-UHpHW[]e`T-ThX][Yl_afe8T*[Fa8¨T*T-l_ZHlB[]ZHWH[YnOT-g#ghWT
T-RHe8W*zFUg#W*^8\-ZHT-[]X]X][be-TJW,c ne8\_W*X]{*\_UHwJ[Y[YbafR;[]W*T-UHX]wb[*W*\_g#X]e`T\_^8[]{*XW*l_UHT-WpHW*[]e`X][YT-afX]e8[Y[Yafl_g#T-g#W\_afUJ[/e8\c \%TlBW*Z;U;\_lBUH\_\BUJ°e8lB^`[]T-W,e8WVJ\_[]X]UXFo [][]g#g#pHpH^8^8\_\-U;af\#VJ[e8afW*\_^8^8[]\b\ y
g#FVH\_T-UJXe8pH\RHpHUJ[Ye8T-WhUH[VJ°[l_T-wJe8[Y\afe`lBT#\_UJVJe8\_^`X]T-XFo X]W*g#^8{b\_T-UJUHe8\b[]q_yOq-QST-q_RH[]\-W*afUHe8\bWSnHw*afT-\|X]\bUHn*W*[]UU|VJafp;\_\-[OlB°;[YUHT-Xb[®`g#n;WJX]\/VJWH};n*T#p;af\_\_^g#[bpHe8^8^8\ \/{*W-^`wJT-wJU;[YVJT_²[
pH^8W*{*\_e8e8[%VJ\_Xaf\-lBW*X]W3W*X]e8^8\|T-X]X]\1{*RH\_^8^8\*®`¨XYT#lBWbafe8^8RHq_[]W*UH\|VJ\_X]X]\/Z;W*gdZ;\|T-e8W*g#[Yl_T|\
T-X]XFo [YVJ^8W*{*\_UHWHnJXYT|pH^8W*{*\_e8e`T-q_[]W*UH\1VJ\_[lBW*g#pHRHe8\_^àBnb\/XYT|lBW*^à8TdT-X]X]Wdafp;T-q_[]WHy
587 7 |<.`5 5 ,7

zFX%l_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#W#af[^8[]e8[]\_UH\/[]U;VJ[Ya8afW*X]RHZH[]X]g#\_UJe8\,X]\_{bT-e8WT-X]XYT
VJJ[]BUH|[**-[]_X;8lB-W*©_gdY/RH8UHB[Ybafg#`WS8-afB[HJW*F^8*{bFYT-_UH;[]q_n*q-l`}HT,\ []U#pH^8_WJbVJ_R;`lBY\bnHRHlÙ|}Hp;\ T-\-^8afXYpHT-^8g#[]g#\_UJW*e8UHW,W,VJX]\_\S[HlBlBXY[]T*e8a8eàfT_[F² y
[]X%pH%[8Rc af[YVJafe8[ W*UHR;WhafWU;\#cT-e8XYRHTh^`T-a8X]lBg#\_X]\_eÙJTe8\1ThVJgh[]wbT-\_{*^`{*af[][W*g#^`T-WJUHVJq-T#[VJ^`[T\_X]VJ\_q_[]wb[]W*\_UH^àf\1\dVJT-[X]e8RH\_U3^8U;p;T-T-e8[]^8wbXYT-\bg#y \_SUJ\_e8XWHnm-VJx-~[%3lBRH[]X[
3af\_{*T-RH^`l`\_}HUJ\-e8af\b\y VJ[,i%W*U;VJW*^`lB\_e#a8lBW*pH^fc¯,l`}H\bRH\-afe8Waf[Yafe8\_ghT\c p;T-^`T*VJWba8a8T-X]\bnUH\_XSaf\_U;afW

b
%
[ B
l *
W ;
U f
a Y
[ J
V _
\ 8
^ ]
[ H
U #
W 8
e 8
^ |
\ b
w *
W `
e -
T J
U 8
e
[ *
m
n #
j d
\
1n \ |ybRHpHp;W*UH[YT-g#W#l`}H\/af[T-ZHZH[YT-UHWd[af\_{*RH\_UJe8[OW*^`VJ[]UH[lB[YlBX][YlB[VJ[OpH^8\B\_^8\_UHq_\b¨
J
ª
n `
l H
} |
\ J
V _
\ H
Z ;
Z -
T H
U 3
W 8
a B
l _
\ *
{ ]
X ]
[ _
\ 8
^ ,
\
`
^ #
T %
[ _
l -
T ;
U J
V Y
[ H
V -
T 8
e [
mSpH^8\B\_^8[Ya8lB
\ T \ T |nJj1pH^8\B\_^8[Ya8lB\ T \ T*V 1nJ\/ª/pH^8\B\_^8[Ya8lB\ T*V
\-V T dy QSR;T-U;VJWdaf[p;W*UH{bT-UHWd[]U#wbW*e`T-q_[]W*UH\,[Ol_T-U;VJ[YVHT-e8[OVJRH\/T1VJRH\bn wJ[]U;lB\
afR p;\_^,VJRH\1wbW*e8[%FbRH\_X]X][VJ[%m1\|ªb®T*VRHUHWFbRH\_X]X]WdVJ[jb®`n;\-VT-U;T-X]W*{bT-g#\_UJe8 \
wJVJ[]W-U;wJlB^8\/\_ZHafZ;R \1 wJ[]p;U;\_lB^S\_^8VJ\/RHaf\/R wbW*|e8nH[g#8m,\_\1UJe8jb^8® \/T*afR;V#l_RHlBUH\-VJWh\/Fªb[]X®`¨ lBW*afUJ[e8p;^`W*T-e8^8^8[]WH\_ZHn;Z; \ \| T-X]wJX]W*[]U;^`T1lB\1p;af\_R U;a8 T-^8p;\1\_l`^,}HVJ\ RH \
wbW*e8[%Fj1\1ªb®T*V#RHUHW8m-®`y
zFUhp;T-^8e8[YlBW*XYT-^8\bnHUHW*U\/c p;Wba8af[]ZH[]X]\1a8lB\_{*X][]\_^8\S^`T|[Ow*T-^8[l_T-U;VJ[YVHT-e8[OwbW*e`T-U;VJW*X][VJRH\
T3VJRH\bn%p;\_^`l`}O\#c []X wJ[]U;lB[]e8W*^8\hVJ[]p;\_U;VJ\VHT-X]XFo W*^`VJ[]UH\#[]UlBRH[Saf[ wbW*e`TJn%\hp;\_^dlB[YT*a8lBRHU
~
_l T-U;VJzFX[YVHp;T-T-e8^`WdT*VJ\-Wbaf[Ya8afafe8W3\,VJRH[ Ui%W*W*^Ù;VJVJ[]UHW*\1^`lBl`\_}He/\,g#X]W|WbafFe8T1^`TdwJ[]U;afW*lBX]\_e`^8T-\bUJye8± Wl`}H\1RHU3p;T-^8e8[YlBW*XYT-^8\daf[Yafe8\_ghT|VJ[

wbW*e`T-q_[]W*UH[\1c pH^8W*ZHX]\_ghT-e8[YlBWHnbghT/UH\_X%m_kJm ,\_UHUH\_e8}S^8^8W-¦ VJ[]g#Wbafe8^-W|c RHUhe8\_W*^8\_ghT

afl_\-T-lB^`W*T-U;e8e8VJ\_Wd^8[YlBafe8RH[Y[l`}H\-af\/[Yafp;e8T-\1^àfT*W*VJX]Wbeà8T-a8UJT-e8X]W[FnOJ\dlàf}H[Y\|afe8af\_WJghVHT/VJ[YVJaF°6[OwbX]W*\|eàfT-\_q_{*[]W*RHUH\_[OUJe8l`[}H\,pH^8UHW*W*pHUh^8[]pH\_e-^8TJc\-¨1af\_UJ6 e8B[B`X]\/ afe8Y\-Ha8baf \

_YbJ*]S[bwbW*e`T-UJe8[bp;Wba8afW*UHW/wbW*e`T-^8\%p;\_^[Jl_T-U;VJ[YVHT-e8[Jl`}H\%pH^8\B\_^8[Ya8lBW*UHWJ® Hb ;BHJBb©_

b*;_*Fd[]XH^8[YafRHX]e`T-e8W1VJ\_X]XYTSwbW*e`T-q_[]W*UH\,\,c VJ\_e8\_^8g#[]U;T-e8W,afW*X]e`T-UJe8W1VHT-[;wbW*e8[H\-afpH^8\-a8af[®
lB|W*bUJHe8[]*UJFR;bT|HYT1_]wJ []U;lBFaf\_\3^8\/RHafU \/UHl_T-\/U;pHVJ^8[Y\_VHU;T-VJe8W6\1VJwJ[O[]U;pHlB[8R\c ®`pHy ^8\_U;VJ\_U;VJW6RHU lB\_^8e8WUJRHg#\_^8W6VJ[SwbW*e8[Fn

\ _ d
^ b
;
R -
T J
U 8
e
W B
l f
[ 3
W c ;
p b
W 8
a 8
a
T -
\ 8
a f
a _
\ 8
^ h
\ f
a *
W 8
^ H
p 8
^ _
\ ;
U
F*FJ8;äf\1X]\/lBW*U;VJ[]q_[]W*UH[OpH^8\-lB\-VJ\_UJe8[afW*UHWhafWJVHVJ[YaFFT-e8e8\bnH\-af[Yafe8\/[]UJFT-e8e8[ORHUhwbW*e`T-UJe8\ J
V _
\ J
U 8
e b
\
n b
H
R -
\ f
a 8
e
W f
a *
W ]
X 6
W f
a Y
[ f
a 8
e _
\ h
g 3
T h
\ c Y
X
T b
]

l`VJ}H[O\Se8RHpHe8Re8Wd[Oc {*afX]\_[Og#T-pHX]e8^8^8\[Fy []g#p;W*^8^8\SXYT/pH^8W*pH^8[YT1pH^8\B\_^8\_UHq-TJnJT-U;l`}H\,lBW*UJe8^8W1[]XwbW*e8W|lBW*UJe8^`T-^8[]W
W*[Yl`}O\#c []X e8\_W*^8\_ghTaf[T-pHpHX][Yl_T3T3wbW*e`T-q_[]W*UH[VJ[ W*{*UH[Se8[]p;WHn%p;\_^|XYT3a8lB\_X]e`ThUHW*U
a[YfafW*e8X]^è`T|T-UJFe8afW#\/lBVJ[O[O\Sc ^`T-p;pH\_pH^8g#^8\-\-af\_a8UJafW/e`T-RHUJU#e8[O{*gh[]WJT1lBW|T-U;VJ[;l`}Hp;\1T-^8VJW*[X]\*T-®X]e8af\_RH^8X]U;XFoT-[]e8U;[]VHwbT\bOnJT-\-^à8T-afWde`T1{*T-\_e8e8e8e`[]T|wJ[]RHe-UOT/c o W*VJgd\_[ZHaf^`[YT1afe8\_af[]g#UJ² [
p;W*X][]e8[YlB[Oaf\-VJ[YlB\_UJe8[VJ\_g#WJlB^`T-e8[YlB[Fy 0
< ,< >%5

af
[]g# g#\_ e8^8[]lB[ p;i \_^|T-pHb[]e`R;T-T-X]UJ[Yafe8g#W3Wh^8[]{*\#R;lBT-W*^`gdVHTRHUHXYT6[Yafg#bWdBF};B6T-_UH*UH©_W3Yb;W*ZHh[]\_Je8è8][]wJ[BW*YpH`p; ;Wb8af©è8©_[ ;\ ¨

[]afXOe`T-pH^^8[]p;g#\_W|{*{*pH[]W|^8\_[Oe8\_p;U;W-VJwb\|\_^8VJ*[ b[O[]FXOT-af^,\-aflBe`W*T-U;^,VJg#Wd\_VJ{*\-X]af[][YW|VJ\_[^`^8T1[Yl_T-l`^8}H^8[F[YnHl_l`T-}HU;[]l`^8}H\S\|[T#p;W-lBwbWb\_af^8e8[FWhnJT-VJU;[Ol`F}HT-\^
TdlBWbafe8WdVJ[O[]g#p;W-wb\_^8[]^8\S[^8[Yl_l`}H[Fy
rT °;X]WbafW-°TSVJ[bVJ[Yafe8^8[]ZHRHq_[]W*UH\%VJ\_Xbl_T-pH[]e`T-X][Yafg#WS\%c Z;\_U/\-afpH^8\-a8a8TVHT-X]XFoYbF]]FbB_|Hn
pHwJ[Y^8VJW*R;p;T-WbX]af\e8W!\dc VH{*TRH[YVH*\T-_^8e8\_WgdVHu6T-X] XYTh\_UJ^8[Ye8lB};\_T-^`g l_ThT3VJ\_p;X%T-gh^8e8T*[]^8a8\3af[]g#VHT-W#X|RHm-e8x*[]X]x-\bvJnO¨3\d[]X,XYTlBW*afWJg#lBp;[]\_W*e-^8Tc e`T-VJg#\_wb\_\#UJe8T-W[]RH[]eÙ;T-VJ^8[\ ²
XFo []U;VJ[]wJ[YVJRHW1T|^`T-{*{*[]RHUH{*\_^8\|bRH\-afe8W|\_X]\_w*T-e8Wda8lBW*p;WHy
rTW*^8gdRHXYT-q_[]W*UH\\c T*l_l_T-e8e8[]w*T-UJe8\hghTJn%lBW*g#\#W*^8ghT-[lB[ p;Wba8af[YT-g#W6T*afp;\_e8e`T-^8\bn
p;T-^`T*VJWba8a8T-X]\Z;\_UH[]UJe8\-afWHnUHW*UlB\_^8e8W#;B1Hbf®`y/zFUJFT-e8e8[FnVHT-XpHRHUJe8WhVJ[wJ[Yafe`T#VJ\_X]XYT
apHfWJ^8lBW*[]p;\_Wbe-T,afc \6XFlò RH}He8\h[]X]\[]X,VJlB[W*®;g#RHU/p;W*[]U;^8VJe`T-[]wJg#[YVJ\_RHUJe8WWUH\afWJw*lBT-[YX]T-\SX]\3FbVJRHW-\_wbX]X]\-Wa8afVJ\[®;\-RHa8U1af\_T-^8X]\e8^8{*WHRHn-[Y\ VHVJT-e8RHWU;bVHRHT-\ X]XY T\_^8UJ[Ye8lB};\_^`T-l_g T
VJ\_X]XYTghT*a8af[]ghTafW*g#ghTSVJ\_{*X][JRHe8[]X][J[]U;VJ[]wJ[YVJR;T-X][Fyb\p;\_^-W,c e8RHe8e8[H{*X][J[]U;VJ[]wJ[YVJRH[J};T-UHUHW
¶½ ³ O¶f¾¾ ¶f ·¶fÎ ËS¸-º«=» 5B¸*¶f¹ >YÄ`¹;È_º«¼-Æf¶f¹¶ 2*Ä`·ÀFÄ%¸-¹º«Ë,ÄÈB»BÀFÄ`¹¶ >]¹FÄ 3¶ .5B¶¸*»B;º >]¹FÄº«Å-È_º«¼-Æfº«À»B¹¶ *Æ +-¶

k
X]afW/W*g#afe8gh\-a8T1afW1VJlB\_W*{*U;X][lB\_RHe8e8e8[]W/X][OVJaf[O[HRHW*e8e8e8[]X][][]\_e-UHTJc \/n*afpH[;^8l_W*T*pHa8^8l_[]T,WdUHb\_R;XHT-lBU;W*VJgdWdRHe8UHRH[Ye8afe8g#[OWH^8[Y¨;lBXY\_TSwbW*ghUHT*W|a8af[]Uh[]g#p;[]T-q_q-^8e8T-[Oq_[RHW*{*UHR;\ T-VJX][ \_±X]fXY± T
ro []gdZ;T-^`T-q_q-T-UJe8\lBW*U;lBX]R;af[]W*UH\3T6lBRH[Sp;W*^8e`T6XFo«T-pHpH^8WJl_lB[]WVJ[, \_UJe8};T-g \3c ^8\-a8T

p;JWbba8afJ[]FZH#[]X]\lB[YT*VHa8T-lBX]RHX]\Uhaf[]RHU;\hVJ[]wJW*[Y^8VJe8RH[W|[]p;^8[YW*lBe8\_\-wbaf\S[,[]bUR;T-lBUJ[YT*e8a8[]lBe`T-RHe8U;[]T|wb\bVJn%[Yaflè8}H^8\h[]ZH^8RH[Yq_l`[]}HW*[]UH\-VJ\byW*UHWRHU;Tg#[YafRH^`TVJ[

b[,pHRW6c p;\_U;a8T-^8\6VJ[SX][]g#[]e`T-^8\#XFo []gdZ;T-^`T-q_q_W3p;T*a8a8T-U;VJW@T*V![]p;W*e8\-af[,pHRH^`T-g#\_UJe8\
bR;T-X][]e`T-e8[]wb\by3rT3afW*X]RHq_[]W*UH\#pH[8R!c VJ\_Z;W*X]\#^8[Yl`}H[]\-VJ\dafW*X]e`T-UJe8W3RHUW*^`VJ[]UH\#X]WJl_T-X]\#p;\_^
lBl`}H[YT*\|a8lB[]RHU3U/RH[]UOU;o«VJT-[]X]wJe8^`[YVJTJRHy#WH%n_là8}Ha8T3\%af\#c e`T-lBZHW*[]p;X][Y\_a8^8l_e`TThbVHR;T-T-X%U;e8VJ\_WW*^8\-\_a8ghafWST#^8[YVJlB[%\_wbS\ ^8b^8W-*¦ S\d[]UHU/W*RHU6U;TT-^8VJ^8[Y\-afl_e8Th^8[]ZHVJRHRHq_U;[]bW*RHUH\\

{*VJ^`[YafT-e8U;^8VJ[]ZH\dRHaf[YW*a8l_X]X]T1[]\_XYwbT1WH^8nH[Y[]l_Ul`}Hb\_R;q_T-q-UJT/e8TdW#afpHRH^8Wd\_wbpH\-[YVJT*\/lB\_XF^8o \-\bafy [Yafe8\_UHq-T|VJ[ORHUVJ[]e8e`T-e8W*^8\1\-lBW*UHW*g#[YlBWdl`}H\

RHU []U;U;VJTS[]wJaf[YW*VJX]RHRHW!q_[]W*^8UH[YlB\%\_[]wbUJ\e8\_VJ^8g#[1pH\-VJ[8Rc [YT[]^8U [Yl`}HRH[]U;\-T@VJ\VJRH[YU1afe8W*^8[]^`ZHVJRH[]UHq_\%[]W*{*UHX]\W*Z;VJT-[1X]\bRHn*Ul`}H\ T-X]afe8e`^8T-W!ZH[][]X]U;[Ya8VJl_[]TwJ[YbVJR;RHT-W!U;VJ[]UW

RHUOo«T-X]e8^`TVJ[Yafe8^8[]ZHRHq_[]W*UH\by*± /%a8a8T/\ c lBW*p;\_^8e`TVHTRHU/e8\_W*^8\_ghT%pH^8W-w*T-e8W,VHT \_e8\_Ô,T-gd²

g#VJ[%W*^8U;[YVJVh[Yaf\#e8^8b[]e8ZH\_RHwbq_\_[]UW*UHb\|e8^`VJT*\_afX]UHXYTd[Yl`^8th[Yl_UHl`\_}HX \_q_m_q-kbTdx-vJl`n}Haf\#\-lBafWJW*U;VHVJVJWh[YaF°;lBUHRHW[\-pHaf^8[YafW*e8pHW*^8UH[]\_We-ThcafW*T-X]eÙ;T-T-UJX]e8W*W{*}Hb\hHdTlBb^8RH[]e8\_\_X]X]^8\ [
\1VJc \_VJX\_e8e8\_\_W*^8^8g#\_gh[]U;TdT-e8VJW|[afSW*X]^8e`^8T-W-UJ¦/e8W#n[]VHUT-X]p;XFT-o W*^8^è8VJ[YlB[]UHW*XY\,T-^8{*\hX]W*;Z;BT-bX]\*F® 8*\#] J6Hb[]HXYlB|^8[]]e8 3\_^8[]FW#af\dVJ\/c[^8p;[YWbVJa8[Yafaf[]e8ZH^8[][]ZHX]\/RH^8q_[Y[]VJW*[YUHaF\ ²

e8^8[]ZH3RH[]T-^8\,U;lBXYT1W,TS^8[YVJl_l`[]^8}HX]\_WHq_n-q-[JT/VJ[]RHU#\ g#lB^8WJ[]e8VJ\_W#^8[blàf}HW*\,UHW,UH\-wba8\_af^`RHafUH[]W*W#UH[Jafe8VJ[Y\_T1X]XFp;o«T-\_pH{*pH{*[]^8WHWJnl_lBaf[[]WVJl_\_T-wbpH\S[]e`FT-T-^8X][YX]afWJe`®`Ty \ lBW*gdRJ²

UH[]X[YafpHe`[8TJRc ¨p;^8W-[Yafwbp;\_\_^8e8Whe8[]`w*|T-g# *\_YUJ|e8Y\bnb®`Fy T-^/T-^8^8[Yl_l`}H[]^8\/[]XpH[8R3c ^8[Yl_lBW`| *Y| _®`nWdFT-^/T-^8^8[Yl_l`}H[]^8\

< ;58< ,7

S^`T#ZHZHlB[YW*T-gdg#RHW#UHT*[Yafl_g#lB\_W1UHU;\|T-l_e8T-WpH[]T*e`V3T-X]RH[YafU;g#TWHaf¨ \_lB^8[]XY\|T*a8VJaf[[ W#T-X][]e8U;\_^8VJU;[]wJT-[Ye8VJ[]wbRH\1[ ,p;pHWb^8afW*e8\#{*^8af\-RHa8afX Whl_T-Whg#lBp;W*U;WhafVH\_^8T-w*X]XYT-T#q_[]X]W*W*UHe8\e`T

^`T-{*[]W*UH\|Wd[Yafe8[]UJe8W /^8[]wbW*X]RHq_[]W*UH\,Whl_T-gdZH[YT-g#\BUJe8W/{*^`T*VJR;T-X]\ |lBWbW*p;\_^`T-q_[]W*UH\|W#lBW*UJ²
e8^`T-pHp;Wbaf[]q_[]W*UH\ /RH{*R;T-{*X][YT-UHq-TdW#VJ[]wb\_^àf[]e-Tc ,pH[YT-UH[°l_T-q_[]W*UH\1lB\_UJe8^`T-X]\/WdX][]Z;\_^8W|g#\_^f²

l_T-e8W afW-wJ[]\_eà1W6VJ\_g#WJlB^`T-q_[YTh^`T-pHpH^8\-af\_UJe`T-e8[]w*T hg#\_UHW3p;W-wb\_^8e-T3c T-[Sp;W-wb\_^8[ WpH[8R c

^8[Yl_lì%}H\_[q_afq-[YT/T-g#T-[OW^8[YT*l_l_l`lB}HW*[ ^8e8[l`}H\#bRH\-afe8[ VJ[]X]\_g#gd[afW*UHW3[]U6^8\-T-X]e-Thc \-afpH^8\-a8af[]W*UH[%p;W*X][]e8[Yl`}H\

VJ[VJW*ghT-U;VJ\1pH[8R3c pH^8W-W*U;VJ\bnOl`}H\1af[^8[YT OT*l_lB[YT-UHW#e8\_U;T*lB\_g#\_UJe8\SUH\_Xe8\_g#p;Wd\1UH\_X]XYT

0
³F³ #³ 3´;µ º«¸*¸*Ä`»B¹Àº«¶fÀ8·Ä%½ º ¾-Ì_ºbÉ*¸*Ä`¶f¼_¹Àº«º«ËSÀFÄ`¶fÀÀº«¹ÈB=» Ä|5_ÅY¸-µ ;¹»_)Ä`¾-ÍBÉ-»BÆf¼-¶h»%Ä`*Æ É-+-À¶ »BË,+*Ä%Ä`ÀÅº«Ä Æ8Ä`Ë,ËÄ`¶f·¼_·º«ÀË,¶1ÄÉ-Ä`¼3¹¶8»BÄS¹¾-¶%½ º«¼-Ì_¶dÉ-¶fÍBÅ«Å«Å«» 1» 2*¹¶fÄ`ÍBÅ«¶ »BÅÄ`»B¹¶BÀÀÎ ¶f¼_É-À»Æf»B7¼ )

>]¹»B¼_ÀFÄ`¼-¾-»Å«¶ËSº«·É-¹¶¾-ºbÉ-Àº«Å«¶ fÎ-dÉ-¼/»B¹¾-º«¼-¶ÍBÅ«»12*Ä`Å«¶¸-¹»_¾-É-Æf¶Ä`É-À»BË,Ä`Àº«Æ8Ä`Ë¶f¼_À¶»B¹¾-º«¼-ºbÅ«»_Æ8Ä`Å«º

»BÀÀ¶f¼_É-Àº >YÄ`Æf¶f¼-¾-»ÈBÄ`¹ºÄ`¹¶Å«¶¾-º«·À¹º 2-É-Êfº«»B¼-6º 5_Ë,ÄÀ¶f¼-¶f¼-¾-.» <*··ºJÍBÅ«ºbº«¼-¾-º«È_º«¾-É-º fÎ

m_¬
^8UH[YW*lBU!\_^`l_lBTJ[ yl`}Hi%[]W*\-g#VJ\_pH^8^8\_W-g#w*T-W#e`T1T-X]X]lBW*Wb^àFTc¯;XYpHT/[8RU;c T-p;e8RH\_^|^`T/l`}H\-af[ W*af^`RHlBW*[YafUHe8[][YUHl_T/WVJlB\_\_[H^8e8^8\#\-bl_RHT-[]g#\_gp;T-p;UH\_\#^%T[]Xg#lBW*W*gd^8e8RHWHUH¨1[Yaf\-g#a8afWH\ n
afRHW*U;T-UHW#p;\_^[l_T-g#p;T-U;T-^8[Fy
m*m

Odifreddi - Capitalismo e Comunismo - Da Che Parte Sta La Scienza

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Odifreddi - Capitalismo e Comunismo - Da Che Parte Sta La Scienza

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats



a^`8lBT-W*q_[]p;W*\_U;^8T-e`X]T\|a8VJlB\_[]\_X]XYUJT|e8[af°WJl_lBTJ[]\_n e-/Tdc T-VJ^83[ X XWY*T-pHe8W*p;UH\_\1^_n\|XYT-3e8^`T-T-^8^8\hnHlB\|W*UJVHe8T-^8X]WhXFo«T-[%X]e8e8^8\_WdUJe`VJT-[e8af[]wJ\_UJ[%e8VJ[]^S[ VJ^8[Y[]lB^8Wb\1afT-e8^8XRHp;q_Wb[]W*\_UHe`T\

UHafR \_hX]XYTlB[]l_\_T*UJVJe8\,RHe`p;T3\_^ VJ[ W*RH^8gdURHgdXYT-RH^8^8\SWXYT|­Y^`X]\_T{*{*XFo«\/T-X]VJe8^8\_WHX]XFno«T-UHe8\_e8^`pHT-pHq_RH[]W*^8\hUH\,afRHRHX]UHXYT[]wb\_X]W*^`^8a8W3T-X]\/e8\-VJaf\_e`TbX®,l_T-RHpHU;[]Te`T-X]^`[YT-af{*g#[]W*WHUHy \

 587 7 < : /5 5 7

a8lB^8[]e8e8RH^`T,\,VJ[;l_T-XYlBW*X]W JbRH\_X]X]W/VJ\-afe8^8Wd\Sc gdRHe8WHn*\SpH^8\_p;Wbafe8W|T-X]X]\ST-e8e8[]wJ[]e-T,c p;\_^`lB\_e8e8[]wb\

­a8[]lBU[]\_UJlBRHe8[[°XFlBo [F\_nJg#b[YRHaF\_\_X]X]^8[OWd§VJaf[][OUHVJ[Yaf\-e8af^8e8Wh^`TJT-o;ZHpHZH[8R[Yc T[YaflBe8[][]WHUJ\|c e8[]XYwJTd[;pH\-^8Vh\_g#T-^8[]e8UH[Yaf\_e8UH[Yq-lB[FTby ®a8T-^`T-UHUHWpH[8Rc ^`T-q_[]W*U;T-X][\

T*V@S^8[Yafe8W*e8\_X]\bnl`}H\3VJ\B°;UJc¯SXFo RHW*g#W3RHU T-UH[]ghT-X]\h^`T-q_[]W*U;T-X]\by b\3XYT3^`T-{*[]W*UH\\3c XYT

W*b^8R;{bT-T-X][]UHe-[]T6c q_q-l`T-}Hq_\[]W*UHVJ\3[Yafe8VJ[]UH\_X]{*XYRHT\afWJXFolBRH[]\_W*e-g#Tc W6Z;VHT*a8T-T-{*e8X][/[1afT-R UH[]ghVJ[ST-\-X][Fa8na8T6af[,afpH[YT-RUHW!c W6p;pH\_[8U;R c a8T-[]U@^8\6af[]l`UJ}He8\W*UHaf[Y[YTafe8\_lBg#W*U@[SVJX]W [

zFX VJ[]X]\_g#g#T1^`T`bJFYHJ] 3\3b_`bJFYHJ] \dc e8[]pH[YlBWVJ\_X]X]\|a8lB[]\_UHq_\|U;T-e8RH^`T-X][Fn

¹º«Ë,Ä`$_¼-ºÍ_¹Äº«ÆfÆf»B»B¹ËS¾-º ¶¶1½ 5;2-º«·»BÍB¼*Ä Æ*1+-¶¾-Àº É-ÀÀº«»É-·Æ8¶fÄ`¸-Ë.¸*2-¶,º,*¿HÎ »BË,Ä`·ºH¾-ºO´JÄ`ËS¸*¶f¾-É-·FÄ- Ã '·¶SÈB»BÍBÅ«ºÄ`ËS»*Æ +-¶,ÀÉ-ÀÀ»

lBa8lBW*[]g#\_UJ\/e8[U;°T-l`e8}HRH\b^`nT-X]p;\1\_^3W*^8UHghW*U T|VJp;[%T-^8l_XYT-T-gd^8\ZH[YVJT-[|g#b\BUJRHe8\_W|X]X]\3a8T-X]^8\_\_e8ZHe8Z;\_^`\_T-^8^8Wh[]\bVJy>RHU;,bRHV \d\-afafR \_hg#lBpH[][]\_WHUJnSe8[UHg#\_X]XF\_o e`T_bW* H^8\ 

{*`6\_UHVJ\_^`[dT-bq_[]W-W*U;WJT-lBX]X]\\T_­wJp;wJW*[][d\_UHT-\#UHUHUH\-W*a8U!afW g#VH\-T-VJX]XY[YTT-UJp;e8\daf[YlBRHWbU;T-TU;T-afX]\_[Yg#af[1pHX]^8[YlB\_\#R;VJaf[YWbT-afU;e8[]Tbe8®#RHq_XF[]o«T_W*wJUHwJ\[YlBVJ\_\_U;X VH°;T-{*g#X][]\_WUJe8T-W X

e8af\#\_gh[]XT1lBRHW*UHgd[]wbRH\_UH^`[Ya8afT-g#X]\bW|nHghWba8T1af\RHVHUHT_q_wJ[]W*wbU;\_T#^8WhafW*°;X]UHe`T-[]e8UJW3e8WdlB[°;a8U;T-l`^8}O\_\1c ZHZ;UH\hW*U3p;WJX]WhlBWVJ[]VHwbT\_UJ{*e`[]T#W*[]­^8[]\U3 bp;HT-^8 ;e8[Y#lBW*p;XYT-\_^8^1\b[ n

S\_[baf[Yafe8\_g#[B°af[YlB[blBW*U/RHU/{*^`T-U1UJRHg#\_^8W VJ[bp;T-^8e8[YlB\_X]X]\bn_VJ[]wb\_^`af[]e-Tc \-V,RH{*R;T-{*X][YT-UHq-T

ro«T-U;T-X]W*{*W|VJ\_XJX][]Z;\_^8WSg#\_^`l_T-e8W1\Sc VHT-e8W/VHT,g#WJVJ\_X]X][bVJ[Yafe8^8[]ZHRH[]e8[J\ p;T-^`T-X]X]\_X][J[]UdlBRH[

e8\_^8g#[]UH[%lBW*g#g#\_^`lB[YT-X][!y SW*U[]Ue8\_^8g#[]UH[[]UJe8\_X]X]\_e8e8R;T-X][p;\_^-WHc n wJ[Yafe8Wl`}H\#\-a8afW3UHW*U

%&-¹FÄ`¼-Æfº«3· &-É-Á_É-Â_Ä`Ë,;Ä 5  C12 G<-5;+5((2$6:,+9'25( )+(6:'>?,)0,+>?,  =5-ÇOº«ÊfÊf»BÅ«6º 5 -Î =@A+A

wbW*e`T-q_[]W*UH[\1c pH^8W*ZHX]\_ghT-e8[YlBWHnbghT/UH\_X%m_k Jm ,\_UHUH\_e8}S^8^8W-¦ VJ[]g#Wbafe8^-W|c RHUhe8\_W*^8\_ghT

_YbJ *]S­[bwbW*e`T-UJe8[bp;Wba8afW*UHW/wbW*e`T-^8\%p;\_^[Jl_T-U;VJ[YVHT-e8[Jl`}H\%pH^8\B\_^8[Ya8lBW*UHWJ® Hb ;BHJBb©_

 < ,< >%5 

{*VJ^`[YafT-e8U;^8VJ[]ZH\dRHaf[YW*a8l_X]X]T1[]\_XYwbT1WH^8nH[Y[]l_Ul`}Hb\_R;q_T-q-UJT/e8TdW#afpHRH^8Wd\_wbpH\-[YVJT*\/lB\_XF^8o \-\bafy [Yafe8\_UHq-T|VJ[ORHUVJ[]e8e`T-e8W*^8\1\-lBW*UHW*g#[YlBWdl`}H\

RHUOo«T-X]e8^`TVJ[Yafe8^8[]ZHRHq_[]W*UH\by*± /%a8a8T/\ c lBW*p;\_^8e`TVHTRHU/e8\_W*^8\_ghT%pH^8W-w*T-e8W,VHT \_e8\_^O,T-gd²

e8^8[]ZH3RH[]T-^8\,U;lBXYT1W,TS^8[YVJl_l`[]^8}HX]\_WHq_n-q-[JT/VJ[]RHU#\ g#lB^8WJ[]e8VJ\_W#^8[bl`af}HW*\,UHW,UH\-wba8\_af^`RHafUH[]W*W#UH[Jafe8VJ[Y\_T1X]XFp;o«T-\_pH{*pH{*[]^8WHWJnl_lBaf[[]WVJl_\_T-wbpH\S[]e`FT-T-^8X][YX]afWJe`®`Ty \ lBW*gdRJ²

UH[]X[YafpHe`[8TJRc ¨p;^8W-[Yafwbp;\_\_^8e8Whe8[]­`w*|T-g# *\_YUJ|e8Y\bnb®`Fy T-^/T-^8^8[Yl_l`}H[]^8\/[]XpH[8R3c ^8[Yl_lBW­`| *Y| _®`nWdFT-^/T-^8^8[Yl_l`}H[]^8\

  < ;58< ,7

S^`T#ZHZHlB[YW*T-gdg#RHW#UHT*[Yafl_g#lB\_W1UHU;\|T-l_e8T-WpH[]T*e`V3T-X]RH[YafU;g#TWHaf¨ \_lB^8[]XY\|T*a8VJaf[[ W#T-X][]e8U;\_^8VJU;[]wJT-[Ye8VJ[]wbRH\1[ ,p;pHWb^8afW*e8\#{*^8af\-RHa8afX Whl_T-Whg#lBp;W*U;WhafVH\_^8T-w*X]XYT-T#q_[]X]W*W*UHe8\e`T

e8^`T-pHp;Wbaf[]q_[]W*UH\ /RH{*R;T-{*X][YT-UHq-TdW#VJ[]wb\_^`af[]e-Tc ,pH[YT-UH[°l_T-q_[]W*UH\1lB\_UJe8^`T-X]\/WdX][]Z;\_^8W|g#\_^f²

l_T-e8W afW-wJ[]\_e`a1W6VJ\_g#WJlB^`T-q_[YTh^`T-pHpH^8\-af\_UJe`T-e8[]w*T hg#\_UHW3p;W-wb\_^8e-T3c T-[Sp;W-wb\_^8[ WpH[8R c

^8[Yl_l`i%}H\_[q_afq-[YT/T-g#T-[OW^8[YT*l_l_l`lB}HW*[ ^8e8[l`}H\#bRH\-afe8[ VJ[]X]\_g#gd[afW*UHW3[]U6^8\-T-X]e-Thc \-afpH^8\-a8af[]W*UH[%p;W*X][]e8[Yl`}H\

VJ[VJW*ghT-U;VJ\1pH[8R3c pH^8W-W*U;VJ\bnOl`}H\1af[^8[YT OT*l_lB[YT-UHW#e8\_U;T*lB\_g#\_UJe8\SUH\_Xe8\_g#p;Wd\1UH\_X]XYT

 »BÀÀ¶f¼_É-Àº >YÄ`Æf¶f¼-¾-»ÈBÄ`¹ºÄ`¹¶Å«¶¾-º«·À¹º 2-É-Êfº«»B¼-6º 5_Ë,ÄÀ¶f¼-¶f¼-¾-.» <*··ºJÍBÅ«ºbº«¼-¾-º«È_º«¾-É-º fÎ

You might also like

a^`8lBT-Wq_[]p;W\_U;^8T-e`X]T\|a8VJlB\_[]\_X]XYUJT|e8[af°WJl_lBTJ[]\_n e-/Tdc T-VJ^83[ X XWYT-pHe8Wp;UH\_\1^_n\|XYT-3e8^`T-T-^8^8\hnHlB\|WUJVHe8T-^8X]WhXFo«T-[%X]e8e8^8\_WdUJe`VJT-[e8af[]wJ\_UJ[%e8VJ[]^S[ VJ^8[Y[]lB^8Wb\1afT-e8^8XRHp;q_Wb[]W\_UHe`T\

UHafR \_hX]XYTlB[]l_\_TUJVJe8\,RHe`p;T3\_^ VJ[ WRH^8gdURHgdXYT-RH^8^8\SWXYT|Y^`X]\_T{{XFo«\/T-X]VJe8^8\_WHX]XFno«T-UHe8\_e8^`pHT-pHq_RH[]W^8\hUH\,afRHRHX]UHXYT[]wb\_X]W^`^8a8W3T-X]\/e8\-VJaf\_e`TbX®,l_T-RHpHU;[]Te`T-X]^`[YT-af{g#[]WWHUHy \

587 7 < : /5 5 7

a8lB^8[]e8e8RH^`T,\,VJ[;l_T-XYlBWX]W JbRH\_X]X]W/VJ\-afe8^8Wd\Sc gdRHe8WHn\SpH^8\_p;Wbafe8W|T-X]X]\ST-e8e8[]wJ[]e-T,c p;\_^`lB\_e8e8[]wb\

a8[]lBU[]\_UJlBRHe8[[°XFlBo [F\_nJg#b[YRHaF\_\_X]X]^8[OWd§VJaf[][OUHVJ[Yaf\-e8af^8e8Wh^`TJT-o;ZHpHZH[8R[Yc T[YaflBe8[][]WHUJ\|c e8[]XYwJTd[;pH\-^8Vh\_g#T-^8[]e8UH[Yaf\_e8UH[Yq-lB[FTby ®a8T-^`T-UHUHWpH[8Rc ^`T-q_[]W*U;T-X][\

TV@S^8[Yafe8We8\_X]\bnl`}H\3VJ\B°;UJc¯SXFo RHWg#W3RHU T-UH[]ghT-X]\h^`T-q_[]WU;T-X]\byb\3XYT3^`T-{[]WUH\\3c XYT

Wb^8R;{bT-T-X][]UHe-[]T6c q_q-l`T-}Hq_\[]WUHVJ\3[Yafe8VJ[]UH\_X]{XYRHT\afWJXFolBRH[]\_We-g#Tc W6Z;VHTa8T-T-{e8X][/[1afT-R UH[]ghVJ[ST-\-X][Fa8na8T6af[,afpH[YT-RUHW!c W6p;pH\_[8U;R c a8T-[]U@^8\6af[]l`UJ}He8\WUHaf[Y[YTafe8\_lBg#WU@[SVJX]W [

zFX VJ[]X]\_g#g#T1^`T`bJFYHJ] 3\3b_`bJFYHJ] \dc e8[]pH[YlBWVJ\_X]X]\|a8lB[]\_UHq_\|U;T-e8RH^`T-X][Fn

¹º«Ë,Ä`$_¼-ºÍ_¹Äº«ÆfÆf»B»B¹ËS¾-º ¶¶1½ 5;2-º«·»BÍB¼Ä Æ1+-¶¾-Àº É-ÀÀº«»É-·Æ8¶fÄ`¸-Ë.¸2-¶,º,¿HÎ »BË,Ä`·ºH¾-ºO´JÄ`ËS¸¶f¾-É-·FÄ- Ã '·¶SÈB»BÍBÅ«ºÄ`ËS»Æ +-¶,ÀÉ-ÀÀ»

lBa8lBW[]g#\_UJ\/e8[U;°T-l`e8}HRH\b^`nT-X]p;\1\_^3W^8UHghWU T|VJp;[%T-^8l_XYT-T-gd^8\ZH[YVJT-[|g#b\BUJRHe8\_W|X]X]\3a8T-X]^8\_\_e8ZHe8Z;\_^`\_T-^8^8Wh[]\bVJy>RHU;,bRHV \d\-afafR \_hg#lBpH[][]\_WHUJnSe8[UHg#\_X]XF\_o e`T_bW H^8\

{`6\_UHVJ\_^`[dT-bq_[]W-WU;WJT-lBX]X]\\T_wJp;wJW[][d\_UHT-\#UHUHUH\-Wa8U!afW g#VH\-T-VJX]XY[YTT-UJp;e8\daf[YlBRHWbU;T-TU;T-afX]\_[Yg#af[1pHX]^8[YlB\_\#R;VJaf[YWbT-afU;e8[]Tbe8®#RHq_XF[]o«T_WwJUHwJ\[YlBVJ\_\_U;X VH°;T-{g#X][]\_WUJe8T-W X

e8af\#\_gh[]XT1lBRHWUHgd[]wbRH\_UH^`[Ya8afT-g#X]\bW|nHghWba8T1af\RHVHUHT_q_wJ[]WwbU;\_T#^8WhafW°;X]UHe`T-[]e8UJW3e8WdlB[°;a8U;T-l`^8}O\_\1c ZHZ;UH\hWU3p;WJX]WhlBWVJ[]VHwbT\_UJ{e`[]T#W[]^8[]\U3bp;HT-^8 ;e8[Y#lBW*p;XYT-\_^8^1\b[ n

S\_[baf[Yafe8\_g#[B°af[YlB[blBWU/RHU/{^`T-U1UJRHg#\_^8W VJ[bp;T-^8e8[YlB\_X]X]\bn_VJ[]wb\_^`af[]e-Tc \-V,RH{R;T-{X][YT-UHq-T

ro«T-U;T-X]W{W|VJ\_XJX][]Z;\_^8WSg#\_^`l_T-e8W1\Sc VHT-e8W/VHT,g#WJVJ\_X]X][bVJ[Yafe8^8[]ZHRH[]e8[J\ p;T-^`T-X]X]\_X][J[]UdlBRH[

e8\_^8g#[]UH[%lBWg#g#\_^`lB[YT-X][!y SWU[]Ue8\_^8g#[]UH[[]UJe8\_X]X]\_e8e8R;T-X][p;\_^-WHc n wJ[Yafe8Wl`}H\#\-a8afW3UHW*U

%&-¹FÄ`¼-Æfº«3· &-É-Á_É-Â_Ä`Ë,;Ä 5 C12 G<-5;+5((2$6:,+9'25( )+(6:'>?,)0,+>?, =5-ÇOº«ÊfÊf»BÅ«6º 5 -Î =@A+A

wbWe`T-q_[]WUH[\1c pH^8WZHX]\_ghT-e8[YlBWHnbghT/UH\_X%m_kJm ,\_UHUH\_e8}S^8^8W-¦ VJ[]g#Wbafe8^-W|c RHUhe8\_W^8\_ghT

_YbJ]S[bwbWe`T-UJe8[bp;Wba8afWUHW/wbWe`T-^8\%p;\_^[Jl_T-U;VJ[YVHT-e8[Jl`}H\%pH^8\B\_^8[Ya8lBW*UHWJ® Hb ;BHJBb©_

< ,< >%5

{VJ^`[YafT-e8U;^8VJ[]ZH\dRHaf[YWa8l_X]X]T1[]\_XYwbT1WH^8nH[Y[]l_Ul`}Hb\_R;q_T-q-UJT/e8TdW#afpHRH^8Wd\_wbpH\-[YVJT\/lB\_XF^8o \-\bafy [Yafe8\_UHq-T|VJ[ORHUVJ[]e8e`T-e8W^8\1\-lBWUHWg#[YlBWdl`}H\

RHUOo«T-X]e8^`TVJ[Yafe8^8[]ZHRHq_[]WUH\by± /%a8a8T/\ c lBWp;\_^8e`TVHTRHU/e8\_W^8\_ghT%pH^8W-w*T-e8W,VHT \_e8\_^O,T-gd²

e8^8[]ZH3RH[]T-^8\,U;lBXYT1W,TS^8[YVJl_l`[]^8}HX]\_WHq_n-q-[JT/VJ[]RHU#\ g#lB^8WJ[]e8VJ\_W#^8[bl`af}HW\,UHW,UH\-wba8\_af^`RHafUH[]WW#UH[Jafe8VJ[Y\_T1X]XFp;o«T-\_pH{pH{[]^8WHWJnl_lBaf[[]WVJl_\_T-wbpH\S[]e`FT-T-^8X][YX]afWJe`®`Ty \ lBW*gdRJ²

UH[]X[YafpHe`[8TJRc ¨p;^8W-[Yafwbp;\_\_^8e8Whe8[]`w|T-g# \_YUJ|e8Y\bnb®`Fy T-^/T-^8^8[Yl_l`}H[]^8\/[]XpH[8R3c ^8[Yl_lBW`| *Y| _®`nWdFT-^/T-^8^8[Yl_l`}H[]^8\

< ;58< ,7

S^`T#ZHZHlB[YWT-gdg#RHW#UHT[Yafl_g#lB\_W1UHU;\|T-l_e8T-WpH[]Te`V3T-X]RH[YafU;g#TWHaf¨ \_lB^8[]XY\|Ta8VJaf[[ W#T-X][]e8U;\_^8VJU;[]wJT-[Ye8VJ[]wbRH\1[ ,p;pHWb^8afWe8\#{^8af\-RHa8afX Whl_T-Whg#lBp;WU;WhafVH\_^8T-wX]XYT-T#q_[]X]WWUHe8\e`T

e8^`T-pHp;Wbaf[]q_[]WUH\ /RH{R;T-{X][YT-UHq-TdW#VJ[]wb\_^`af[]e-Tc ,pH[YT-UH[°l_T-q_[]WUH\1lB\_UJe8^`T-X]\/WdX][]Z;\_^8W|g#\_^f²

l_T-e8W afW-wJ[]\_e`a1W6VJ\_g#WJlB^`T-q_[YTh^`T-pHpH^8\-af\_UJe`T-e8[]w*T hg#\_UHW3p;W-wb\_^8e-T3c T-[Sp;W-wb\_^8[ WpH[8R c

^8[Yl_l`i%}H\_[q_afq-[YT/T-g#T-[OW^8[YTl_l_l`lB}HW[ ^8e8[l`}H\#bRH\-afe8[ VJ[]X]\_g#gd[afWUHW3[]U6^8\-T-X]e-Thc \-afpH^8\-a8af[]WUH[%p;W*X][]e8[Yl`}H\

VJ[VJWghT-U;VJ\1pH[8R3c pH^8W-WU;VJ\bnOl`}H\1af[^8[YT OTl_lB[YT-UHW#e8\_U;TlB\_g#\_UJe8\SUH\_Xe8\_g#p;Wd\1UH\_X]XYT

»BÀÀ¶f¼_É-Àº >YÄ`Æf¶f¼-¾-»ÈBÄ`¹ºÄ`¹¶Å«¶¾-º«·À¹º 2-É-Êfº«»B¼-6º 5_Ë,ÄÀ¶f¼-¶f¼-¾-.» <*··ºJÍBÅ«ºbº«¼-¾-º«È_º«¾-É-º fÎ