To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing

Relative clauses 1
I. Theory
MÖnh ®Ò ®¹i tõ quan hÖ lµ mÖnh ®Ò b¾t ®Çu b»ng c¸c ®¹i tõ quan hÖ nh lµ: who, whom, which,
whose, that... cã chøc n¨ng lµm râ danh tõ ®øng tríc nã. Cã hai lo¹i mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ: x¸c ®Þnh (defining)
vµ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh(non-defining):
A. MÖnh ®Ò x¸c ®Þnh lµ mÖnh ®Ò cÇn thiÕt ®Ó lµm chøc n¨ng giíi h¹n, lµm râ nghÜa danh tõ ®øng tríc
nã. MÖnh ®Ò nµy thêng kh«ng cã dÊu phÈy tríc va sau nã.
Eg: I don’t know the girl who/ that you met yesterday.
B. MÖnh ®Ò kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh lµ mÖnh ®Ò kh«ng cÇn thiÕt ph¶i cã ®Ó lµm chøc n¨ng giíi h¹n danh tõ
®øng tríc nã, nghi· lµ b¶n th©n danh tõ ®øng tríc nã ®· râ nghÜa. V× thÕ mÖnh ®Ò nµy thêng dïng sau
danh tõ riªng hoÆc c¸c côm danh tõ ®· râ nghÜa( Mr Pike, this man, that girl................) , vµ thêng cã dÊu
phÈy tríc vµ sau nã.
Eg: Mr Pike, who/that is my neighbor, is very nice.
Functions Defining Non- defining
1. Subject Ngêi Who/ That Who/ That
VËt Which/ That Which/ That
2. Object Ngêi Who(m)/ That Who(m)/ That
VËt Which/ That Which/ That
3. Possessive Ngêi Whose Whose
VËt Whose Whose
 Note:
1. Trong trêng hîp lµm t©n ng÷, Whom vµ Which cã thÓ ®øng trùc tiÕp sau giíi tõ, nhng That th×
kh«ng.
Eg: The girl whom/ that my brother is talking to comes from China.
 The girl to whom my brother is talking comes from China.
Eg: The book which/ that I am interested in is a best - seller.
 The book in which I am interested is a best - seller.
2. Which cã thÓ ®îc dïng thay thÕ cho mét mÖnh ®Ò. Trong trêng hîp nµy dÊu phÈy ®îc dïng tríc nã.
 Eg: Jim passed the exam, which surprised everybody.
3. All/ some / many /All most/ most of/ both of/ none of............+ whom/ which
 She has three children, all of whom are studying abroad.
4. Khi Whom, which, that lµm t©n ng÷ ta cã thÓ kh«ng dïng chóng.
 Eg: The man (who(m)/ that) my sister was married to is very nice.
5. It + to be +( côm) danh tõ / côm tõ / mÖnh ®Ò + that .......
Eg : - It's this book that makes me happy. ( ChÝnh lµ cuèn s¸ch nµy ®· lµm t«i vui)
It's in Ha Noi that we met each other. ( ChÝnh t¹i Hµ néi chóng t«i ®· gÆp nhau)
6. V_ing (active)/ V(P2) (passive)
Eg: The planes which take off in the morning seem to make more noise.
= The planes taking off in the morning seem to make more noise.
Eg: The lesson which is being learnt today should be revised carefully.
= The lesson learnt today should be revised carefully.
7. To V
Eg: There is still a lot of work that we must do.
= There is still a lot of work to do.
Here's some paper that you can write on.
= Here's some paper for you to write on.
New Zealand was the first country to give women the vote. (= the first country which gave women the
vote)
Melanie was the only person to write a letter of thanks. (= the only person who wrote a letter of thanks) 
The guest on our show is the youngest golfer to win the Open.
Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here.
The captain was the last to leave the sinking ship.

Dinh Thi Thanh Thuy – Trau Quy lower secondary school 1

 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
Eg: John was the only one invited to the meeting. 
= John was the only one who was invited to the meeting.
II/ EXERCISES:
Ex1: Choose the best:
1/ What was the name of the girl .............. passport was stolen ?
A. whose B. who C. which D. when
2/ The bed ..................... I slept in was too soft.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
3/ Nora is the only person ............... understands me.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
4/ The man ............. she is married to has been married twice before.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
5/ The hotel ........... we stayed was not clean.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
6/ The last time.............. I saw her, she looked very beautiful.
A. when B. which C. whom D. what
7/ The stories ....... Tom tells are usually very funny.
A. that B. who C. when D. what
8/ Have you seen the money ........ was on the table ?
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
9/ The factory ................... John was working is the biggest in town.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
10/ Jim passed his driving test, .............. surprised everybody.
A. that B. which C. whom D. what
11/ Do you remember the day............. we first met ?
A. when B. which C. whom D. what
12/ Thank you for your letter, .................... I was very happy to get.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
13/ The reason ................ he failed was obvious.
A. that B. why C. whom D. what
14/ Ann has a lot of books, most of .... she hasn't read.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
15/ The mother ............. son was killed in the accident was very sad.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. what
16/ She gives her children everything ....... they want.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
17/ Tell me ........ you want and I will try to help you.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
18/ This is an awful film. It is the worst film............. I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. whom D. what
19/ I don't agree with ............. you have just said.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
20/ Ann has a lot books, most of ........ she hasn't read.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
21/ The mother ............. son was killed in the accident was very sad.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. what
22/ The house was full of boys, ten of .............. were his own grandchildren.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
EX2: Put in “which, who, whom, that, whose,where
0.What’s the name of the man......................hair is red?
1. I met a man ..................know you.
2. Your brother,...................answered the phone , told me you were away.
3. She has borrowed money from everyone, ...................has disappointed us a lot.
4. They are at Heathrow Airport, ....................is one of the biggest airports in the world.
Dinh Thi Thanh Thuy – Trau Quy lower secondary school 2
 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
5. We walked down the steps...............led to the basement.
6. Hire and seek is a game...............I liked to play as a child.
7. The woman......................son I work with owns this store.
8. The woman ...................I spoke to is in the next room.
9. Please show me the book in .....................you found this material?
10. Paris, through....................we drove, is beautiful.
11. The boy for ...................this woman has been looking got lost three days ago.
12. It was Jack......................came late for the meeting.
13. It is Hue................I was born.
14. He gave me three books, none of .............is worth reading.
15. Those are the places...................they often go to.
EX 3: Combine each pair of these sentences using relative clause:
1- The house is used as the library now . It was built in 1960.
2- The children were talking about the lion tamer. They admired the lion tamer most of all.
3- The book are used for reference. Do you want to read them?
4- The dictionary is on the table. You borrowed it from our school library this morning
5- The women is a librarian. You saw her yesterday on the way home.
6- The man is living next door to us. Do you want to meet him?
7- She told me about the book. She read it in the library yesterday.
8- I saw several houses. Most of them were quite good.
9- They are talking about the clowns. The clowns made them feel excited.
10-MayDay is a day. the working people show their friendship and solidarity on that day.
11-Mr Green thought Ann looked tired. She gave her a day off.
12- Is that the restaurant? We had dinner in that restaurant last Saturday.
13-I will never forget the day. I entered this class on that day.
14- You must tell me that thing. You promised to tell it to me.
15- John is the man. We are going to recommend him for the job.
Exercise4 : Rewrite the sentences.
1/ Could you tell me the way to the nearest post-office.
 Could you tell me...........................................................................................................
2/ Every time I phoned her, she was out.  She was out .....................................
3/ No matter what you do, don't touch this.
 Whatever .....................................................................................................
4/ You can use it as long as you like, and it won't wear out.
 No matter .....................................................................................................................
5/ No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't open the door.
 However .......................................................................................................................
6/ I''ll find that man, no matter how long it takes.  However ................................
7/ I can't go to the cinema tonight because I don't have a car.
 The reason why ............................................................................................................
8/ I lent my car to that man.  That's the man........................................
9/ I tried hard as I could, but I just couldn't get the money.
 No matter ................................................................................
10/ Driving fast is dangerous, whether you are an experienced driver or not.
 However ...........................................
EX5. Reduce the following relative clauses, using participles and to-infinitive.
1/ The boy who is playing guitar is my brother.
2/ The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
3/ The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light. 
4/ They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government.
5/ He was the first person who saw Mr. Smith
6/ Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
7/ The children who attend that school receive a good education.
Dinh Thi Thanh Thuy – Trau Quy lower secondary school 3
 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
8/ The man who spoke to John is my brother.
9/ The man who gave her the book is my father.
10/ This is the dog which the boy hit in the garden.
11/ The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.
12/ We’re talking the train that leaves at 6.00.
13/ Mark is the only man who reach the top of the Everest.
14/ The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with.
15/ I have some letter that I must write.
16/ I wish I had a box that I could keep my letter in.
17/ I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
18/ He was the second man who was killed in this way.
19/ Here is the novel that she should read.
20/ The man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
EX6: Using “to V” to write sentences
► David offered his help. No one else did. --> David was the only person to offer his help. 
1 Olivias daughter swam a length of the pool. No other girl as young as her did that. 
Olivias daughter was ...........................……………………………… 
2 The secretaries got a pay rise. No one else did. ->The secretaries were .......…………………
3 The pilot left the aircraft. Everyone else had left before him. ......……………
4 Mrs Harper became Managing Director. No other woman had done that before. ......……
5 Daniel applied for the job. No other candidate as suitable as him applied.
EX7: Choose the best
0. ……. I really need is a long holiday.  a) that b) what c) which d) who 
1 At last I’ve found the information that I was looking  a) for b) for it c) for that d) it 
2 Everyone……. the building was searched by the police. a) enter b) entered c) entering d) enters 
3 The plane…… has just taken off is an hour late. a) it b) what c) which d) who
4 Abco was the…. company to reply to my letter. a) last b) most c) only d) second 
5 My friend Nigel,.. works in the City, earns much more than I do. a) that b) which c) who d) whose 
6 Martin is someone with ..............................I usually agree.  a) him b) that c) who d) whom 
7 I’d like to see the photo……a) took b) you took it c) that you took d) that you took it 
8 Atlanta is the city…… the Olympic Games were held in 1996.a) that b) when c) where d) which 
9 It rained all the time,...................................was a great pity.  a) that b) what c) which d) who 
10 We passed shops …windows were decorated for Christmas. a) the b) their c) which d) whose
Ex8: Correct the mistake
I’ve found the magazine who was missing. 
I’ve found the magazine that was missing. 
1 This isn’t the train on that I normally travel. 
2 The letter that I opened it wasn’t for me. 
3 The reason because I didn’t know was that no one-had told me. 
4 That we should do is ring the police. 
5 I didn’t know the name of the man helped me. 
6 Rupert knows the family whos house is for sale. 
7 Einstein who failed his university entrance exam discovered relativity. 
8 The person we talked to were very friendly. 
9 It’s the President makes the important decisions. 
10 I can’t find my diary, what is real nuisance.
11 Outside the door was a pair of boots covering in mud.
12 Lake Superior, that lies on the US – Canadian border is the largest lake in North America.
EX9: Rewrite the sentences:
Dinh Thi Thanh Thuy – Trau Quy lower secondary school 4
 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
► (Nick has been looking for this letter.)==> This is the letter I’ve been looking for. 
1 (Rose was talking about that film.) ...................................................... 
2 (Sophie has decided on this wallpaper.).......................................... 
3 (David played tennis with that man.) ................................................ 
4 (Danny fell down those steps.) ........................................................... 
EX10: Match
► A kitchen is a room you cook in.
► a kitchen a cupboard you hit nails with it

a hammer the person you keep valuable things in it

your a piece of furniture you can either sit or sleep on it

destination

a safe the place you cook in it

your opponent a room you’re going to it

a sofa bed a tool you’re playing against them

EX11: Use prepositions to rewrite
I cannot agree with that statement. I
hope I’ve made that clear. 
==> That is a statement with which I cannot agree. 
1 Our party believes in that idea. I say this from the bottom of my heart. 
2 I am strongly opposed to that policy. And I am not afraid to say so.
3 No one cares about these people. They are the forgotten people. 
4 Your party should be ashamed of those mistakes. And everyone knows that. 
5 The government is now dealing with that problem. How many times do I have to tell you?
EX12. Choose the best answer among A, B , C or D.
1) Genghis Khan, _________ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. how
2) The children _____ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school.
A. whose B. where C. who D. whom
3) Galileo, _____ published works proving that the Earth revolves around the Sun, continued his scientific
experiments even when he went deaf and blind.
A. when B. who C. where D. whose
4) The school programme _______ has been interrupted by revision tests requires a regular course study.
A. whose B. who C. what D. that
5) Credit ______ is given in this semester requires approximately three hours of classroom work.
A. which B. what C. when D. where
6) Two courses ______ have the same subjects are in different times.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
7) You may enroll our course by e-mail _______ can be faster than other registration forms.
A. who B. where C. which D. when
8) The girl ______ dress you admire has been working for an expo company since she left school.
A. who B. what C. whose D. whom
9) The young man ______ was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him.
A. who B. who he C. which D. whose
10) Is that the same film ______ we watched last year?
A. when B. which C. why D. who
11) The girl _____ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully.
A. whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom
12) The pupils _____ we took to the amusement park behaved themselves very well.
A. whose B. with whomC. whom D. which
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 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
13) Bournemouth, _______ we are going to visit next summer, is a real paradise for the retired.
A. that B. what C. which D. in which
14) Thatcher, ______ birthplace was above a shop in the small English town of Grantham, became Prime
Minister of Britain four years after she had become the leader of the Conservative Party in 1975.
A. where B. whose C. in which D. which
15) First jeans, ______ became fashionable for women after they saw them in Vogue magazine, were made by
two Americans, Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss.
A. that B. whose C. of which D. which
16) The first television picture _________ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy
______ worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London.
A. which / whom B. who / which
C. that / whose D. that / who
17) Felix Hoffman, a 29-year-old chemist _______ worked for the German company Bayer, invented the drug
Aspirin in April 1879.
A. where B. whose C. whom D. who
18) Joyce Bews, ______ was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, _______ she still
lives, was 100 last year.
A. that / in which B. who / where
C. that / where D. who / that
19) The big clock ________ used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been
silent ever since.
A. whose B. that is C. what D. which
20) The pollution ______ they were talking is getting worse.
A. that B. about which C. which D. whom
21) The engineer ______ our company relies is on holiday.
A. who B. on whom C. whose D. whom
22) The dam ______ they plan to build will cover acres of forest.
A. which B. to which C. whom D. where
23) He is a talented cricket player ______ abilities include fast bowling and powerful batting.
A. where B. whose C. whom D. of which
24) Eastern Rwanda is very different from the South-west, _____ monkeys, birds and orchids thrive in the
high altitude primary forest.
A. when B. where C. which D. why
25) Wednesday is the day _________ a tour guide leads a tour around the town's historical places.
A. when B. which C. whose D. where
26) Robert Riva, an Italian ____ used to play for Ceremonies, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football
team.
A. when B. which C. where D. who
27) The town _________ the folk festival is taking place is usually a quiet resort.
A. when B. where C. whom D. which
28) As a celebrity ______ many children admire, it is important for her to act responsibly.
A. when B. where C. whom D. whose
29) We always hold a family barbecue in our garden on Independence Day, ______ was on a Tuesday this
year.
A. what B. that C. when D. which
30) When I was at school, there was a girl in my class ______ skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose
her skin to the sun even with cream on.
A. where B. whose C. whom D. that
31) We'll row until the spot _____ the river bends and then we'll turn back.
A. where B. when C. whose D. which
32) On the days ______ I feel I need to reflect on the past and plan my future, I sit by the river and watch the
swans swim past.
A. when B. where C. whose D. which
33) My mother's Elvis Presley tape, ________ she listened to every day, has broken in the music centre.
Dinh Thi Thanh Thuy – Trau Quy lower secondary school 6
 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
A. whose B. that C. where D. which
34) Unfortunately, the friend with ________ I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my
trip.
A. who B. whom C. where D. that
35) According to the research, the time at _____ most road accidents happen is early evening.
A. when B. which C. whose D. that
Ex13. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting.
1. Every student who majors in English are ready to participate in the orchard
A B C D
contest.
2. Do you know the reason when English men travel to the left?
A B C D
3. She is the most beautiful woman whose I have ever met
A B C D
4. Mother’s Day is the day when children show their love to their mother
A B C
on.
D
5. The New Year Day is the day where all my family members gather
A B C
and enjoy it together.
D
6. It is complicated because pollution is caused by things when benefit people.
A B C D
7. The policeman must try to catch those men whom drive dangerously.
A B C D
8. He was very surprised when he visited London, in that the drivers
A B C
always drive on the right hand side of the street.
D
9. That is the man who he told me the bad news.
A B C D
10. I don’t know the reason on when Jonathan was sacked.
A B C D
11. The singer about who I told you yesterday is coming here tomorrow.
A B C D
12. The man whom helped you yesterday is a television reporter.
A B C D
13. What is the name of the girl whom has just come in?
A B C D
14. Do you know the reason when Englishmen travel on the left side of the streets?
A B C D
15. If you want a particular book, the person to see is the librarian she is
A B C D
wearing glasses.
16. I enjoyed the book that you told me to read it.
A B C D
17. That commentator, his name I have forgotten, is very well-known.
A B C D
18. Amelia Earhart, that was one of the pioneers in aviation, attempted to
A B C
fly the world in 1937, but she and her plane mysteriously disappeared

over the Pacific Ocean.

Dinh Thi Thanh Thuy – Trau Quy lower secondary school 7
 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
D
19. Sunday is a day where we expect.
A B C D
20. Have you ever been to Da Lat when my father has a lovely house?
A B C D
EX14. Choose one sentence that best rewrites the sentence given:
1. This man studies biology. What do you call him?
A. What do you call a man who studies biology?
B. What do you call a man, who studies biology?
C. What do you call a man studies biology?
D. What do you call a man whom studies biology?
2. Hemingway developed a very concise writing style. His name is well- known throughout the world.
A. Hemingway, his name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style.
B. Hemingway, whose is name well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style.
C. Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style.
D. Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is well- known throughout the world.
3. This is the battle field. The soldiers fought there.
A. This is the battle field which the soldiers fought.
B. This is the battle field that the soldiers fought.
C. This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there.
D. This is the battle field where the soldiers fought.
4. He was born in 1983.There was a severe drought that year.
A. He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought.
B. He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought
C. When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born.
D. He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when
5. John Montagu was an English Earl. He invented the sandwich.
A. John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
B. John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
C. John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
D. John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl.
6. Flies, which come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
A. Flies, to come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
B. Flies, come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
C. Flies, coming mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
D. Flies, that come mostly in the summer, carry diseases.
7. There was a candle which burnt in the room.
A. There was a candle burning in the room.
B. There was a candle burnt in the room.
C. There was a candle to burn in the room.
D. There was a candle to be burnt in the room.
8. I see a boy who is running in the street.
A. I see a boy running in the street. B. I see a boy to running in the street.
C. I see a boy to run in the street. D. None is correct.
9. He drew from the bag a watch which had been given for his birthday.
A. He drew from the bag a watch given for his birthday.
B. He drew from the bag a watch been given for his birthday.
C. He drew from the bag a watch had given for his birthday.
D. He drew from the bag a watch had been given for his birthday.
10. One of the drivers who was brought by Steward came over to me.
A. One of the drivers that were brought by Steward came over to me.
B. One of the drivers was brought by Steward came over to me.
C. One of the drivers brought by Steward came over to me.
D. One of the drivers bring by Steward came over to me.
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 To be rich in friends is to be poor in nothing
Ex15. Change adjective clauses to Phrases ( V-ing , V3 or To V).
1. There is someone who is knocking at the door.
2. Passengers who travel on planes shouldn’t smoke.
3. The photographs which were taken by my son were extraordinary.
4. What can you do about a dog which is barking all night?
5. Is there any good place where we can stay tonight?
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
7. The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
8. Trains which leave from this station take an hour to get to London.
9. The experiment which was conducted at the university of Chicago was successful.

10. The ideas that are presented in that book are interesting.

Dinh Thi Thanh Thuy – Trau Quy lower secondary school 9