Elective Module

NUR 401

PROBLEMS IN OLDER ADULTS AND MANAGEMENT

Submitted By:
Full Name: Rawan Musa khateeb
Academic ID: 18111007
Group :
Date of submission: 23.6.2021

Submitted to: Mrs.Accamma Iype, MSN,RN,RM

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1) Identify one condition that can affect an older adult and define the problem:

(minimum 50 words):

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, structural

deterioration of bone tissue, and increased susceptibility to bone fractures. Is one of the

most common metabolic bone disorders and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in

the elderly. Caused by a decrease in bone density. In most cases, women are at higher risk

than men.

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 2) The impact of identified condition on older adult, family and community:
(minimum 75 words):
Individual:

Many individuals who suffer fractures as a result of osteoporosis suffer significant pain,

height loss, and may lose the ability to dress themselves, stand up, and walk. These patients are

also at risk of acute complications such as pressure sores, pneumonia, and urinary tract

infections. This section examines that impact, highlighting the very real burden that bone

disease can place on the physical health, mental well-being, and financial stability of those

individuals and family members affected by the disease.

Family:

When an elderly person has an osteoporotic fracture, it can turn into a family history of the

disease; the risk is higher if the disease exist in immediate family members. It more likely to

develop osteoporosis from family members, and sometimes long-term care requirements. Other

scientific studies suggest that previous falls and fractures in family history increase the risk of

osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures several times and that in postmenopausal women they

represent strong predictors for fractures.

Community:

Osteoporosis has a massive impact on health at the population level with a huge monetary

cost to national economies. The three most important fragility fractures associated with

osteoporosis are those of the hip, spine and wrist. With the global shift towards an aging population,

even if age-adjusted incidence of fracture remains stable, there will be a large increase in fracture

burden worldwide over the next 50 years, much of which will fall on the developing world.

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3) The role of nurse in management of identified condition and preventive measures. (minimum 75

words):

The role of nurse in management of osteoporosis:

Nursing care of patients with osteoporosis includes assessing the patient’s physical

functioning and ability to complete self-care. Nursing management will include encouraging

weight-bearing activity assisting the patient with self-care as needed, and providing ambulatory

aid for patients who have an unsteady gait. In addition, the nurse is responsible for providing

patient education relating to healthy dietary intake rich in calcium and Vitamin D, healthy

lifestyle choices (such as smoking cessation), recognizing foods high in calcium, and exercise.

Preventive measures:

Start in childhood, including proper nutrition A regular exercise program and a balanced diet

are key factors in maintaining bone and muscle health. Prevention of falls and fractures need to

be addressed in older individuals. Proper nutrition and calcium and vitamin D are also important

for optimal bone and muscle health. In the case of osteoporosis, an exercise program needs to

be prescribed according to the individual’s level of bone mineral density, musculoskeletal health,

while being progressive and challenging.

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4) Geriatric care resources in Saudi Arabia : (minimum 200 words):

Osteoporosis is common in Saudi Arabia . The objective of this analysis was to determine

from the published data the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Saudi Arabians,

the prevalence of secondary osteoporosis, and the prevalence of osteoporosis-related

fractures (ORF). Data Sources were the of Controlled reviews and the Science Citation

Index, published data from the Saudi Medical Journal and Annals of Saudi Medicine. We

selected articles with at least 100 Saudi individuals. Two authors independently reviewed

articles and abstracted data. The authors identified 36 potentially relevant articles, this

inclusion criteria. Of healthy women (50 to 79 years) of age 36.6% were osteopenic and

34.0% were osteoporotic. In three studies on males, the prevalence of osteopenia was 46.3%

and osteoporosis 30.7%. Males had a significantly higher frequency of osteopenia in

comparison to females.

The currently available literature on Saudi Arabian population suggests that the ideal age

for screening for low bone mass among the Saudi population should be earlier (55 years)

than the ≥65 years. Both quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

could be used for screening. The relatively small number of studies on Saudi Arabians and

the different machines used for diagnosis limited the authors ability make conclusions with

surety.

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5) Summary : (minimum 100 words):

Osteoporosis is a treatable disease and in some cases, preventable. It is a complex, polygenic

disorder. The contributions of specific gene polymorphisms are likely to be relatively small, but

may still be clinically important. If treatment begins early, patients can be spared pain and

suffering, and will likely lower the overall health cost incurred from treatment of osteoporosis

complications. Preventative and therapeutic treatment should be given before signs occur, or as

early in the disease as possible. To keep pace with the modern developments in research, large

cohort studies using standardized genotyping methodology are needed to better define the role

of specific genes in pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

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6) References:

- Josh, David, Sara, Roy, M., Kevin, & Anonymous. (2021, May 24). Osteoporosis: A Useful

Guide: Personal Alarms. Retrieved from https://www.lifeline24.co.uk/osteoporosis/

- Varacallo MA, Fox EJ, Paul EM, Hassenbein SE, Warlow PM. Patients' response toward an

automated orthopedic osteoporosis intervention program. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2013

Sep;4(3):89-98. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

- Sinaki, M. (2020, October 02). Osteoporosis. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323625395000345

- R. Baron, L. Neff, and A. Vignery, “Differentiation and functional characteristics of

osteoclasts,” Bone, vol. 6, p. 414, 1985. View at: Google Scholar

- Sadat-Ali M, Al-Habdan I, Al-Mulhim AA, Yousef A. Effect of parity on Bone mineral

density in Postmenopausal Saudi women. Saudi Med J 2005;26(10):1588-90.

- McLellan, A. R., Gallacher, S. J., Fraser, M. & McQuillian, C. The fracture liaison service:

success of a program for the evaluation and management of patients with osteoporotic

fracture. Osteoporos. Int. 14, 1028–1034 (2003).

- Bijelic, R., Milicevic, S., & Balaban, J. (2019, March). The Influence of Non-preventable Risk Factors on

the Development of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women. Retrieved from

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6511377/

- Osteoporosis Risk Factors. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-

library/te7603