9.15 copter Sheet Pie Wat sot cen7(6+3) + 2908) + cem($) . 13336, =32m Fron 9.79, 18+ 2eDtls + y=) 2b $ yh) “0 can dem Gs + 7h) = 8) ~ 100) #0" 981)(9) = sa! sa (51.86) D* + (2)(51.86)(D)(3 + 6 - 15) ~ (1883616 + 6-15-32) -0 piso ~2508 tone, Do t6m fone Fron .0270, =A oD =1836— (138)06) - ON Anchors ‘Sections 99 through 9.4 gave ao analysis of anchored sheet wills and discussed ‘bow io obain the fore F per uit length ofthe shet ple wlth has tobe suxained by the anchors The curent section covers in more deal the vations types of anchor severly used and the procedures or evlutog ther uma oldng capacities "The general sypet of anchor weed in sheet pte alls ate a flows 1. Anchor plates and beams (desman) 2 Tebacks 3 Vera anchor ples 4 Anchor beams supported by batter (compression an tension piles Anchor plates and beams ace generally made of cast concrete blocks. (See Figure 9312) The anchorsareateched to the sheet ile by serods A wal placed atthe front or back fae ofa sheet pl for the purpore of convenient ataching te tier to the wal To protect the te ro from corrosion its peerall coated wih paint or aspali materiale215 Anctors 48 ea Figure 9.31. \sius yes oschring or sheet wile) anchor pte obra (0) hack) res acre () anchor team nth Ber ps 1a the construction ofebacks bars or cables ae placed in pedi holes (sce Figure 931) with concrete grout (ables aze commony high strength, pre stressed siel tendons). Pigues 93 and 93d show avert] anchor ple and 90 sochor beam wth batter ples454 chapter 9 Sheet Pe Wale 9.16 Placement of Anchors ‘The resistance fered by anchor plates and beams is derive primarily from the passive force ofthe sol located in front of them. Figre 9.3, n which AB isthe Sheetpile wall shows the best location for maximum elfiiency of 20 anchor plate Ifthe anchor is placed inside wedge ABC. which isthe Rankine active Zone, i would aot provide any resistance to Gre. Alen ould be placed in zone CFEH. Note that line DFG tive wedge ABC fll pasive resistance ofthe anchor cannot be r {sire ofthe sheet wal, However, if the anchor is paced in zone CH, the Rankine passive zone infront of the anchor slab or plate is located completly jutsige the Rankine active zone ABC. Ie this ease, ful passive resistance fom ‘he anchor canbe reli Figures 931b.9 3c, nd 9314 also show the proper location for the pace- rent of tieacks, verte! anchor piles, and anchor Beams supported by baer piles Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Sand (Ovesen and Stroman (1872) proposed a semi-empirical method for determining the ultiaterettance of anenore in sand. Ther cielaions. made i hres sep Ze cartied oa foo Step 1 Basle Case. Determine ihe depth of embedment. H. Assume thatthe chor slab hes height HW an continuous (eB = Teng of snchor slab perpendicular fo the ees section = >), a5 shown n gure 932, ‘Which the following notation suse 2,» pasive force per nit length of anchor 27, = active force per unit length of anchor 18 = ellectiv soliton angle 5 triton angle between anchor slab and sit lula stance per unit length of anchor W= effective weight pr unit length of anchor ab Figure 9.32 Sais: cotnscu verti ancorin rae sit816 Holding Capt ofAncrorPteein Sand 48 Also, SrtPK, 15! ~ Roos" = byHP cos FrIPKco8 #9) = YFP, cost ~ K,cos 8") where K, = active pressute coetiint with 3 (Gee Ripe 9558) K, = passive pressre coefficient ‘Toobtia K, cos 8 test caleuate Wet Ring! Ws bP sng! ysing =» MR te om ‘Then use the magnitude of K, sin obtained trom Ea, (979) to eat sate the magnitude of K, cos fom the plots given fn Figure 923, ‘Step 2. Strip Case Deternine the actual height he the anchor #o be con uted If contnuous anchor (isa anor for which B ==) ot height his paced inthe si so that it depth of embedneat fH ss shown in Figure 94th imate resistance per anit length “(Salt om where y= ulate resistance fo the sp case (Co, 19. dense sand snd 4 for lose sand Step 3 Actual Case In paste, the anchor plates are place in a vow with center-to-eater Spacing Sas shown ia Figure 9350, The ultimate Fesistanes ofeach anchor is P= Pak (ay) where B, = equivalent length456 Chapter. Sheet Pn Wats of | Si eion sie o Fos ‘Figur 338 (9) Vasiion 0K, foe 8 = 4 (6) ation of Ks with yin I (Giedon Oven and Stroman 1972) ‘The equivalent length isa fucetion of $', 8, Hanh, Figure 9.350 shows a plot of (B~ B)/(H +h) spans (S°~ B)/(H 4) forthe ‘ses of foes and dense sand With Known values of ' 2, Hand the ‘alu of Bea be calculated snd wed in Ea (9) te Otain Pe18 Hotsing Capcty a Anchor Pas in Sand 487 ae é Toe seen apace ty z Li a i tae je Figure 935 (a) Acasa oe z To abs tomentose) vraion of. ee (= Bc byt rae Slat Dame * ‘2 Oveen snd Soman, 1972) Empirical Correlation Based on Model Tests Ghaly (1997 used the results of 10 abortoey tess 15 entituga model tests. and 9 field tests to propose ak empiia coveation forthe aimate resistance of gle ‘chore The cvelation ean be ween as" ne Si (8) = ianga where A= rea ofthe anchor = BhCmaptr9 Shee Pe Vnts GGhaly also used the model est resus of Das and Seeley (1975) ta develop & load-displacementceationship for singe anchors The relationship ean be given ot a f(t)? ox where = horizontal displacement ofthe anchor at oad level P Equations (982) apd (83) apply to single anchors (e, anchors for which =). For al practical purposes, when $'/B = 2 the anchors behave as Single sy lnchors Factor of Safety for Anchor Pates ‘The allowable esstance pr anchor pate may be given as zk 5 where FS = fair of set. ‘Generally. factor of safety of is sungested when the method of Ovesen and ‘Svomann used. A Isto safety of suggested for P aleulsted by Eg (282) Spacing f Anchor Plates ‘The eemerio-ontersqucingof anchors. may hy oie from s F where F = force per unit length ofthe sheet ple Example 98 ‘AoW of vertical anchors embedded in andi shown in Figure 9:36 The tahoe plats are made of 6inhiek concrete The design parameters ae B = h=IS ny Som ABin, H=37Sin, y= 105Thie, @ 35°, and the unit weight of onerete © 150), Determine te uma resistance of each anchor plate ay j 7 id re 26 A tow of eric acho218 Holding Copscy ofAnchorPstes i Sand 489 — Fon ue Sif =37 empl st0 A, 3 17 tone = (35) 5 20 vom Ea 07 weds ony DERE bie a (2) 029 ts Tony Fea () From Figure 9.390 with ¢ ~ 35° and K, sin ~ 0606, te minpitade of 1, condi about 45, Now ro Ee (2.79), For (5'~ B)/(H + h) = 068 and low sand, Figure 9386 yes B=8 a2 So, omars +1 @ B= (ORY + HB aaa Henc, rom Eq. (981), P= Py Be= (1998)(224) = M6 .460° Charter 9 Shee Pe Was 9.97. ‘918 8 ow827 Enetninion on hr (Rendon) Tee Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates in Clay (+ = 0 Condition) Relatively few studies have been conducted on the stinate resistance of anchor plats in ayey soils (6 = 0; Mackenzie (1955) and Techebotrotf (1973) ent fed the nature of variation ofthe ultimate resistance of stip anchors and beams a function of ane (undained cohesion based on & ~ 0) ina rondimensional form based on iboratory model test results This shown inthe form of «mond ‘mensional pot in Figure 937 (hie versus H/A) and canbe we to estimate the ‘imate resistance of anchor plates instuated cy (6 0), Ultimate Resistance of Tiebacks ‘According to Figure 9.38, the uimaterevstance offered by aticback in sand is tan (80) R= dias ve angle of ition of sit 1, = average elective vetalsrese 1 = earth pressure coeticentif Pe 24 aan tine atteeecerany Sy ‘The magnitude of K canbe ten to be equl tothe earth preaurecoefcent at rest (i) ifthe concrete grout i placed vader prestre(Littsjohn, 1970) The lower limi ofK ean be taken tobe equal to the Rankine ative earth pressure coetient Tn clas the ultimate esitance of ebacks maybe sppronmated es Rene, (35) here adhesion, "The value of may be approximated sje (wheres, = undctnedcabeson) A tector of safety of 15102 may be ued over the ultimate resistance to absinthe allowable reistanceofered esc Hiback Problems 9A Figure PO shows cantilever sheet pile wal penetrating ranula sil. Here, Ly= Aim. y= 89 = 16 EN/t Yue = IB2ENJo, and! = 32 a Whatis the theoretial depth ofembeiment,D? 'b, Fora 30% increase in D, what shouldbe theft length ofthe sheet ples? ‘Determine the theoretical maximum moment ofthe shes pile 92 Redo Problem 91 withthe following: Ly = 3m, Ly = 6m, Yar = 194 KN/n and 8 = 3 93 Refer to Figure 99. Given:L = 15 fy = 1081/0, and $ ~ 35° Calsate the theoretical depth of pencuatin.D, andthe maxiaum moment, 94 Repeat Problem 93 with the following: L= 3em.y = 167 kN/a, an ean 9S Refer to Figure PO, for which, Ly = 24m,L,~ 46m.y = 17 kN, “Yas 17.3KN/ and = 30% and = 29 KN/a 1 What the theoreti depth of embednent,D? ‘Increase D by 40%. What length of shee piles is needed? € Determine the theoretical matimu moment in the seet pl 96 Solve Problem 95 withthe following: Ly = tt, a = 10%, y = 108 yt, You 124 bff 6! = 36 and c= BOO ye SKN462 chaptar Stee Pie We on Refer to Figure 92. Given: L = 4m: for sand, y = 16KN/m 6! = 35% and oF clay y= 192 KN" and = 4SKN/i?. Determine the theoreti Cal valve of D and the maximus moment. ‘An anchored shet pile bullhead i shown in Tigure P98, Lt Ly = 4m, p= 9ey.h= 2.7 = ITEN/oP, Yu, = 19 RNY sand & = 3° 2 Caeulte te theoretical value ofthe depth of ebedment,D 1. Draw he presse sstribution diagram, Determine the anchor fore per unt length ofthe wall. Use the free earth suppor method