Auditory system

Jahangir Moini, Pirouz Piran, in Functional and Clinical

Neuroanatomy, 2020
Vascular supply
The labyrinthine artery is the primary source of blood for the inner ear.
The semicircular canals are also supplied by the stylomastoid branch
of the occipital artery or posterior auricular artery. The labyrinthine
artery divides off of the basilar artery, and sometimes, from the
anterior inferior cerebellar artery. At the bottom of the internal acoustic
meatus, it divides into the cochlear and vestibular branches. The
cochlear branch further subdivides into 12–14 tiny branches through
the modiolus canals. These are distributed as a capillary plexus to
cochlear structures such as the basilar membrane, spiral lamina, and
stria vascularis. The utricle, saccule, and semicircular ducts are
supplied by vestibular arterial branches.

Vestibular System
M. Walker, in Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences (Second
Edition), 2014
Infarction of the Labyrinth
After supplying all of the eighth nerve, the labyrinthine artery divides
into two main branches: the anterior vestibular artery and the common
cochlear artery. The anterior vestibular artery supplies the superior
part of the vestibular labyrinth, whereas the common cochlear artery
supplies the cochlea and via a terminal branch, the posterior
vestibular artery, supplies the inferior part of the vestibular labyrinth.
Complete occlusion of the labyrinthine artery leads to a sudden
profound loss of both auditory and vestibular function. The role
of vascular occlusion in the production of sudden deafness
without vertigo is controversial. There is little reason to suspect that
unilateral deafness in a young healthy individual is caused by vascular
occlusion. As noted earlier, most of these cases are probably due to
viral infections.
Vestibular System
Robert W. Baloh, in Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences, 2003

Ischemia confined to the anterior vestibular artery distribution can

result in transient episodes of vertigo or prolonged vertigo due to
infarction of the vestibular labyrinth. Transient episodes can be
associated with hyperviscosity syndromes, such
as polycythemia, macroglobulinemia, and sickle cell anemia. The
clinical picture of vestibular labyrinthine infarction is that of a sudden
onset of vertigo without hearing loss or brainstem symptoms

Neuro-Otology
C.D. Balaban, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2016

The trigeminal ganglion sensory innervation to the vertebrobasilar,

anterior inferior cerebellar, and labyrinthine arteries appears to include
a component that originates from substance P, transient receptor
potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1), 5-
hydroxytryptamine1B (5-HT1B) and 5-HT1D receptor immunopositive cell
bodies in the trigeminal ganglion (Vass et al., 1998, 2004). These
trigeminal fibers innervate vessels throughout the inner ear, including
the stria vascularis and dark cell region, and can affect cochlear blood
flow

Blood Supply of the Cranial Nerves

Philipp Hendrix, ... R. Shane Tubbs, in Nerves and Nerve Injuries,
2015

The labyrinthine artery in the monoarterial system terminates at the

fundus of the meatus and divides into the common cochlear artery and
the anterior vestibular artery near the superior vestibular nerve. The
cochlear artery divides into a posterior cochlear branch and the
vestibulocochlear artery. The latter finally divides into a cochlear and a
vestibular branch. The semicircular canals are supplied by the anterior
vestibular artery and the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear
artery. The cochlea is supplied by the posterior cochlear branch and
the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear artery (Leblanc,
2000; Figure 30.6).

Neuro-Otology
J.G. Colebatch, ... M.S. Welgampola, in Handbook of Clinical
Neurology, 2016
Sudden hearing loss and vertigo
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss refers to a 30 dB or greater
increase in hearing threshold across three or more adjacent
frequencies within a period of 24–72 hours and could be caused by
disorders affecting the entire labyrinth (labyrinthitis), ischemia affecting
the labyrinthine artery
Cerebral Circulation
John A. JaneJr., ... Neal F. Kassell, in Encyclopedia of the Human
Brain, 2002
I.A.3.c Basilar Artery
From its origin at the pontomedullary junction, the BA proceeds
rostrally and, at the level of the midbrain, bifurcates into the
two posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs). Before this bifurcation, it gives
rise to numerous pontine perforating branches, the labyrinthine
arteries, and two paired vessels—the anterior inferior cerebellar
artery (AICA) and the superior cerebellar artery (SCA). The AICA
arises just distal to the basilar origin and supplies the anterolateral
cerebellum, the pons, and rostral medulla. The SCA arises proximal to
the basilar bifurcation, courses inferior to the oculomotor nerve, and
supplies the superior cerebellum, its deep nuclei, and much of the
caudal midbrain

Blood Supply of the Cranial Nerves

Philipp Hendrix, ... R. Shane Tubbs, in Nerves and Nerve Injuries,
2015
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
The vestibulocochlear nerve enters the brain stem in close proximity
to the facial nerve and shares the arterial supply of the facial nerve in
the pontine cistern. Branches of the basilar artery, vertebral artery,
and AICA supply the nerve root