YARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA PE RIES RE GB/T 13912-2002 Replace GB/T 13912-1992 lot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated articles—Specifications and test methods RARBR AWA Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel i fications and test methods, MOD)GBY/T 13912-2002 1 Scope... 2 Normative references... 3 Terms and definitions... 4 Generic requirements ..J 4.1 Files that user shall 4.2 Base metal 4.3 Hot dip galvanizing 4. Safety snr 5 Sampling 6 Requirements on hot dip 6.1 Appearance, 6.2 Thickness. 6.3 Uncoated areas ai 6.4 Adhesive power.. 65 Acceptance regul ‘7 Test methods .. 7.1 Appearance test 72 Coating thickness Requirements on safety. .) Thickness determinatiorForeword This national standardjis modified in relation to IS01461: 1999, Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated irdn and steel articles-Specifications and test methods, MOD. ‘This national sta was re-drafted in accordance with ISO1461: 1999, while chapter and clause compprison table between this standard and ISO 1461 is listed in significant changes in this national standard over ISO1461: ide technical aspects, while technical differences between -It is required that ea iHfavboted se shal tote lee haa 10 ex ~The thickness of reppiring layer shall be 30 11 m thicker than the minimum and Annex E are infor ive annexes, coatings Standardization chology Ct Committee. This national standard Wwas drafted by Wuhan Material Protection Facility. This national standard fvas jointly drafted by Haerbin Iron Tower Factory. ‘The main drafters of ti{s national standard are Wu Yong and Li Chunyan.‘Metall coatings-Hot dip galvanized coatings on Fabricated iroy and steel articles-Specifications and test methods andafd specifies specifications and test methods for hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles (total content of other alloy elements is no more thanj2%). ‘This national standards not applicable to following conditions: a) Plate, belt, wire, pipe and bar which are manufactured by means of continuous hot dip galvanized coati b) Hot dip galvanized broducts that special standard is adopted; ¢) Hot dip galvanized|products that additional requirement or requirement different with those in this standazl is adopted. ‘Note: Standard for sothe products can be formed through reference of this standard number or revising part {lauses of this standard to specify hot dip galvanized coatings of products, 2. Normative references ‘The following normat{ve documents contain provision which, through reference in this text, constitute prpvisions of this national standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments fo, or revisions of (not include content for corrigenda), any of these publications do nq apply. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on ths standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most receht editions of the standards indicated below. For undated references, the latest editfon of the normative document referred to applies. (eqy ISO 2177) GB/T 4956 Mea Magnetic method (eqv Ii GBIT 6462 Metal a of non-magnetic coating thickness on magnetic metal base- 2178) other inorganic coatings-Definitions and generic regulations on thickness meas + (eqv ISO 2064) GB/T 13825 Metallic}coatings-Mass determination of hot dip galvanized coatings eel products Types of inspections files (eqv ISO 10747) procedure of characteristic inspection-Part 1: Inspection ibe procedure of characteristic inspection-Part 3: Sampling s lot (eqv ISO) are immersed into melt fine bath to form a zinc or zinc-iron alloy coatings on theirsurfaces. 3.2 Hot dip galvanizinglcoating ‘A zinc or zine-iron alfoy coating achieved on steel or iron article surface with hot dip galvanizing method. ‘Note: It is briefly calli as coating in this standard. 3.3 Coating mass Total mass of zine add (or) zinc-iron alloy coating on unit area of steel or iron surface in unit of g/cm”, 3.4 Coating thickness Total thickness of zing and (or) zinc-iron coating on steel or iron surface in unit of om. 3.5 Significant surface Part of surface which] The coating on part of performance. 3.6 Control sample Hot dip galvanizing from inspection lot for 3.7 Reference area is or is going to be hot dip galvanized on fabricated article. surface is very important to its appearance and (or) using icated article or article group which is sampled in random test in accordance with specified times. ess ting thicknesses which are determined with magnetic method fied times in a certain reference area, or thickness conversion ich is determined with weighing method at one time. jess ating thicknesses determined with samples of a large article articles. is standard mainly means article that surface is larger than 2 3.9 Mean coating thicl Mean value of local ora certain lot of galv Note: Large article in mm’ (refer to 6.2.7.2). 3.10 Local coating mas: Coating mass which if determined with weighing method in a certain local coating area. 3.11 Mean coating m: ‘Sampling shall be pefformed in accordance with specifications in 5" chapter. The mean value of local codting mass determined with weighing method, or conversion value of mean coating th{ckness. 3.12 Minimum value The minimum value with weighing method coating thickness d 3.13 Inspection lot Briefly called as lot. delivered at one time, f conversion thickness values of coating mass determined in reference area, or the minimum value of mean values of .ed with magnetic method in accordance with times. dip galvanized fabricated articles which are ordered or fion specified, inspection which shall be performed in hot dip ‘on certain inspection lot of hot dip galvanized articles. 3.15 Uncoated area Area in which steel orfron article surface has not reacted with melt zinc.4 Generic requirement 4.1 Files that user shall brovide to supplier 4.1.1 Necessary files Standard number of ths standard. 4.1.2 Additional files If it is with special fequirements from user, the following information shell be provided: 1) The chemical corfposition and performance which have effect on hot dip galvanizing (refer to ; b) Scaling of main sufface, sample marked in accordance with drawings or proper marking is provided; smoothness shall be mafked in drawing or with other methods. This unevenness is shall be solved through dseussion between both sides, 4) Surface smooth ddgree which is required for product shall be specified with sample or other method; ¢) If it is required for special pre-treatment; ) If it is specially required on galvanized coating thickness (refer to note in 6.2 clause and Annex C); 2) Ifit is allowable that requirements in Table 3, instead of those in Table 2, are met for galvanized coating thickness after centrifuge or zinc-explosion treatment; h) If post-treatment of painting shall be required after hot dip galvanizing (refer to 6.2.3 sub-clause, C.4 ahd C.5 clauses in Annex C); i) Sampling methods (fefer to the 5" chapter); 3) If certificate is requifed to be conform to specifications in GB/T 18253. Related files, including repairing methods (refer to 6.2.3 sub-clause, C.5 clause in ‘Annex C), shall be provided by supplier in accordance with requirements from user. 4.2 Base metal ‘The appearance, ess, organization structure and physical/mechanical performances of coating shall be affected by chemical composition, surface status, weight of article and gdivanizing conditions of base metal. Detail requirements on these factors are unavailfble in this standard. Selection of base metal and galvanizing conditions can be discusged between both sides refer to Annex C. 4.3 Hot dip galvanizingpbath Zine bath for hot dip|galvanizing is mainly composed with melt zine liquid. The total content of impurity in melt zine shall not be larger than 1.5% of total mass, Refer to GB/T for specificationfon impurity. given in ISO 14713. Information about painting on hot ap alvanized coating is inclusive in ISO 12944-5{(refer to Annex F). 5 Sampling Samples for galvanizihg coating thickness shall be sampled from each inspection lot (refer to 3.6 clause). Articles which are not less than the minimum quantity shall be sampled from each inspdetion lot in accordance with requirements in Table 1 to form contro! sample,Table 1 Quantity offontrol samples which are confirmed in accordance with quantity of lot Article quantity of inspedtion lot The minimum quantity of articles required for control sample 13 All 4—500 3 501—1240 3 1201—3300 8 3201—10900 13, > 10004 20 Unless itis required ty user during ordering, acceptance inspection shall be performed prior to ea factory of product from galvanizing factory. 6 Requirements on ho| dip galvanized coatings 6.1 Appearance All of articles shal be inspected visually. Their main surfaces (refer to 3.5 clause) shall be smoot without dripped knob, coarse, zinc burr (if these zine burr can cause damage), pefling, uncoated area and remained solvent slag. There shall not be zine knob and 4inc dust at position at which performance or anti-corrosion performance of hot dip palvanized articles can be affected. Note 1: Coarse and smooth are two relative concepts. The coarse degree of coating on article is different with that of galvanized product (such as galvanized stee! plate and galvaniqed steel wire) which experienced mechanical rolling or (and) blowing and beveling. Once if coating uneven color area is articles which are corrosion product are skness is longer than specified value, dark or light gray llowable on galvanized article surface. About galvanized under humid condition, white rust (white or grey ainly basic zinc oxide) is allowable on surface. ible to establish a definition on appearance and finishing actical requirements. Appearance shall be visually inspected. Unacceptable articles shall be repaired or re-galvanized for re-fnspection in accordance 6.3.2 sub-clause. If with special requrement (such as painting after galvanizing), samples shall be provided in accordance with requirements (refer to 4.1.2 sub-clause and C.1.4 sub-clause in Annex C) 6.2 Thickness ‘Sampling in accorddnce quantity specified in the 5" chapter shall be performed for galvanizing coating thickness test, while test methods specified in 7.2 clause shall be followed for Jest. In accordance with area of main surface (refer to 3.5 clause) of hot dip galyanized articles, the following requirements shall be met for galvanizing coating thifkness determined in the test: ‘a) About article tha main surface (refer to 3.5 clause) area is larger than 2m’, ice. large article, the man coating thicknesses determined in all of reference areas (refer to 3.7 clause) of each article in control samples shall not be less than the ive mean coating thicknesses in Table 2 or Table 3; surface (refer to 3.5 clause) area is less than or equal to esses determined in each reference area (refer to 3.7 clause) respective mean coatiife thicknesses in Table 2 or Table 3, and the mean coatingthicknesses determined] in all of reference areas (refer to 3.7 clause) of each article in control sampfes shall not be less than the minimum value of respective dp in Table 2 or Table 3. Note: The length of anti-corrosion period of hot dip galvanizing coating is approximately in diredt ratio with coating thickness. About article which is servicing under serious borrosive conditions and (or) longer service life is required, its coating thickness Jan be larger than required specified in this standard. However, coating thiginess shall be limited by factors such as chemical composition of base ifetal, surface conditions of article, dimension of article k process parameter etc, If thicker coating is required, the hot dip galvanizing shall be discussed by both sides, while Article and ‘Local coating thickness/ | Mean coating thickness/ thickness/mm p Lb Steel thickness> 6 70 85 3S Steel thickness<6 35 70 1.5 Steel thickness< 5 35 Steel thickness<1.5 35 45 Cast iron thickness= 6 70 80 Cast iron thickness<6 60 70 E table are general requirement. Practical product standard can luirement on different thickness grades and sorting. [fit is not requirement on thicker coating and other requirements can| Note: Those listed in th include each kind of re conflict with this stand be added. ‘Table 3 Minimum thickness of coating with centrifuge tre treatment “Article and its thicknesmm Local coating coating thickness/11_m min Waco mmin ‘Thread article Djameter>20 45 55 EDiameter<20 35 45 Djameter<6 20 25 ‘Other articles | Thickness>3 45 35 Gnclude cast iron [Thickness 35 45 article) ‘Note: I Those listed if this table are general requirement. There can be different requirements (refer to 4]1.2.g) on fixture article and detail standard. Note 2: Refer to C.4 in] Annex C for galvanized article with centrifuge treatment, or with centrifuge and zing-explosion treatment at meanwhile. 6.3 Uncoated areas ang repairing 6.3.1 The total area of uncoated areas of hot dip galvanized article shall not be larger than 0.5% of toil area of arfcle. The area of cach uncoated area shall not be larger than 10 cm?. 6.32 If there uncoatef areas on hot dip galvanized article surface, uncoated areas shall be repaired] (refer to C.5) with methods such as hot zinc spraying, coating with zinc rich cpat or zinc alloy melting. Unless it is specially required by user, for example, afterfhot dip galvanizing, the thickness of coating treatment orthe same with that of original galvanizing coating, The airing area generally shall be 30 11 m thicker than respective coating thickfess listed in Table 2 or Table 3. Coating repairing shall be such that sacrificial angde protection to steel shall be required for steel during its ods shall be required to assure adhesion between repairing zinc spraying is adopted for repairing, requirement in GB/T ot other pre-treating mq coating and base. If ho shall be met for it. Repairing methods sipll be informed to user by supplier. If it is specially required by user, repairing methdds shall be informed to supplier by user prior to repairing is started. Refer to C.5 for suggestipn on repairing method for damaged surface. 6.4 Adhesive power Under normal working conditions, faking and peeling shall not be allowed for hot dip galvanized articles Pf general thickness. Faking and peeling caused by bending and deforming fabricatiqn after galvanizing does not mean poor adhesive power. irqd by user and adhesive power should be tested, discussion ‘between both sides shallfbe required. ares shall be selected in accordance with requirements in 7.2.2, ‘Test shall be performed pn their reference areas in accordance with methods specified in 7.2.3. Tested coating fhickness shall not be less the value specified in Table 2 and gs of control sample cannot meet these requirements, double 1 be sampled from samples of the lot (if the quantity of mum sampling quantity, all of articles shall be tested). If can pass test, the lot of article is acceptable. If not, 7 Test methods 7.1 Appearance test Visually inspected inf normal reading environment with corrected vision shall be performed. 7.2 Coating thickness 4 Ifit is allowable for $e of article, coating thickness shall not be measured at place that distance to edge is fess than 10 cm, flare cutting surface, edge or corner (refer to 7.2.2 Reference area (rpfer to 3.7) To achieve the most fossible representative mean coating thickness (refer to 3.9) or coating mass (refer to 4.1.1), if coating thickness is measured with magnetic method or weighing method, fhe quantity, position and size of reference area shall be confirmed in accordancf with shape and size of article. About long fabricated article in control samples, its r@ference area shall be about 100 mm away from each end of it, and approximately neargr to center line, while the whole cross sectional area of article shall be included.The quantity of referehce areas shall be based on size of each fabricated article in control samples, and confirmed with following ran 2m tr to 3.5) area is larger than 10,000 mm?-2 m* (include 2m, at least | reference ares shall be sampled for each fabricated article in control samples; ©) If main surface (rqfer to 3.5) area is within 1,000 mm?-10,000 mm’ (include 10,000 mm’), at least | reference areas shall be sampled for each article fabricated in control samples; 4) If main surface (reffr to 3.5) area is less than 1,000 mm, there shall be suficient articles to provide at leqst 1,000 mm? area as a independent reference area, The last column in Table shall bd followed for total quantity of reference areas. Therefore, the total quantity of article} for measuring is equal to that articles quantity which is required to provide an independent reference area timed with quantity listed in the last column in Table 1. Thif is related with the quantity (if the lot is not large, all of fabricated articles shall Ye tested) of total quantity of articles used for measuring and inspection lot (refer to 3413). If above specification is not adopted, sampling procedure speed in in 180 2850-1 fr 180 2859-3 shal be followed. The typical expsession of 1,000 mm? is 10 cmX1 cm. 7.2.3 Thickness measurjng method (refer to Annex B) with this method shall bf converted into coating thickness in accordance with coating density (7.2g/ cm’) (refgr to E.2). This method is a destructive method. If fabricated articles is less than 10, damage of fabricated articles caused by weighing method and cost for repairing are weighing method. dic method in each at least 1,000 mm? reference area, at least sued. Their mean value is local coating thickness (refer to 3.9) of the reference area. If fhe mean value is not less than local thickness value specified in Table 2 or Table 3, it |s allowable that measured values of some points are less than value specified in Table}2 or Table 3. Magnetic method is suitable to on-line quality control in factory. each area for measuring with this method is quite small, individual measured valfe can possibly be less than local thickness or mean thickness of coating. If sufficient sheasuring times have been performed in a reference area with magnetic method, measpred local thickness value shall approach to value measured with weighing method. ©) Cross sectional arga microscope method. This method is a destructive method and can represent only] one certain point. Therefore, it is inapplicable to general inspection on large artice or expansive article. However, the metallographic of certain point can be observed. Specification in GB/T 6462 shall be followed. 30yulomb method. This method is a destructive method. 5 shall be followed. , destructive test method can cause damage to hot dip cle. If fabricated article is quite small, the sum of main ricated can reach 1,000 mm’, and reference area which is 4) Anode solving Specification in GB/T 4 In above measuring galvanized fabricated surfaces of at least 5 suitable for magnetic id is available on each fabricated article, magnetic method can be adopted. Othervfise weighing method shall be applied. Refer to Annex for conversion between thickness and coating mass. 7.3 Adhesive power t If the requirement for adhesion between adhesion between galv. If it is specially regfi be confirmed by both ‘main surface and the ‘using and operating under normal conditions can be met [galvanized coating and base, generally, special test on ized coating and base shall not be required. by user, test method (refer to C.6) for adhesion shall les through discussion. Adhesion test shall be performed in in which adhesion is specially required in certain degree. In accordance with heed, hot dip galvanizing factory shall provide certificate that requirement in this btandard shall be met.2 Annex A Gnformative annex) Chapter and clauje comparison between this standard and ISO 1461: 1999 Chapter and clause given in Table A.1 ‘Table A.1 Chapter mparison between this standard and ISO 1461: 1999 is \d clause comparison between this standard and ISO 1461: 19 ‘Chapter and clause dumber in this stand Respective chapter and clause number in ISO 1461 41 42 and Annex A . ‘Note 1 in the 4" chapter 41 43 Note in the 4! ‘Note 2 in the 4" chapter. 6 7 ‘Annex. ‘Annex C D.1 and .2 ‘Annex B ‘Annex ‘Annex D Refe ‘Annex E Note: Except chapters abd clauses listed in this table, all of other chapters and clauses in this standard are the 1¢ and correspond to those ISO 1461:1999.Annex B (Informative annex) ) Technical differencesfbetween this standard and ISO 1461: 1999 and reasons Technical differenc is given in Table B1. between this standard and ISO 1461: 1999 and reasons Table B.1 Technical differences between this standard and ISO 1461; 1999 and Feasons Chapter and clause numt in this standard Technical difference Reason 62 ‘About galvanized article (refer to C4) with Zinc-explosion instead of centrifuge or with zine-explosion and centrifuge treatment at meanwhile, its coating thickness can be referred| to requirements in Table 3. Zinc-explosion or with zinc-explosion and centrifuge treatment at meanwhile is adopted in many hot — dip| galvanizing factories in| China. D3 Ht is required to take provision against burning hurt on human body from escaped zine fluid. Tn many factories in China, there is no drying procedure prior to galvanizing, or hot dip galvanizing is performed| prior to complete drying o' article.Annex C (Informative annex) Effective factors of hot dip galvanizing C1 Base metal C.1.1 Composition Carbon steel, low hlloy steel, grey cast iron and mottled cast iron are generally suitable for Ht dip galvanizing. If other iron-based metals are required for hot dip galvanizing files or samples shall be provided to supplier by user to decide whether satisfieg result can be achieved after hot dip galvanizing on these steels. Free cutting stee] that contains sulfur are unsuitable for hot dip galvanizing. C.1.2 Surface conditioks Base metal surface hall be clean prior to entering hot dip galvanizing bath. Pickling is suggested mhethod for surface cleaning. However, over pickling shall be avoided. About surface dirt which cannot be removed with pickling, such as carbon film (such as of rolled oil), oil failure, paint, weld slag and similar pollutions, shall be refhoved prior to pickling. The responsibility for removing these impurities shall bg discussed and confirmed by both sides. There shall be as Jess void and shrinkage void as possible on cast iron article, Sandblasting, bgll blasting, electrolytic pickling and other methods which are suitable for cast iro article shall be applied for cleaning. C.L3 Effect of steel sufface coarse degree on galvanizing coating thickness ‘Coarse degree of sfeel surface has effect on coating thickness and coating structure. Unevenness ¢f base metal surface generally shall maintain after hot dip galvanizing. By treatment prior ickling such as sandblasting or coarse milling etc, coarse surface can be fachieved on steel. After hot dip galvanizing, coating on such treated steel will Ye thicker than that on steel which experienced pickling only. On the contrary, it is difficult to achieve thicker coating on smooth surface of article. Cutting with flare c4n vary structure and composition of steel in flare cutting area. Therefore, coatings specified in 6.2, Table 2 and Table 3 are difficult to achieve in this area. reach specified costing thickness, mill off flare cutting surface and then perfogn hot dip galvanizing. C.1.4 Effect of active eldmments in base metal on coating thickness and appearance Most of steel can be fatisfactorily hot dip galvanized. However, some of active elements in steel, such fs Silicon and phosphorus can affect hot dip galvanizing. Surface composition of #eel can affect coating thickness and appearance. In certain range of composition, Sicon and phosphorus can cause uneven light and (or) dark grey coating. Coating of these parts may be brittle and thicker. Guidance on steel ich is vanizing and its performance has been given in France standard NF A35-503:1994 (refer to Reference). However, research on effect of special elements in steel still going on [refer to ISO 14713 (reference to Reference). C.L5 Internal stress in pase metal ent process. If steel which will be coated is sensitive to 1g ageing will be accelerated so that steel and ironbe sensitive to deforming ageing, deep cold fabrication shall be avoi impossible, heat treatmer$ shall be performed prior to piokling and galvanizing. Note; Deforming agelng hardening and brittleness increasing caused by it are mainly caused by ammpnia contained in steel, and more exactly depending on manufacturing procedurdof steel. In modem industry producing, this kind of problem generally will not happed. Aluminum killed steel has the lowest degree of deforming ierped heat treatment and cold fabrication hardening will experience heating and ing during galvanizing. Therefore, strength achieved ‘with heat treatment and qpld fabrication will be decreased. Internal stress shall expt in quenched and (or) deep tensile steel. Internal stress is so great that the possibility bf cracking of article in zinc bath during pickling and hot dip galvanizing will be indteased, Prior to pickling and hot dip galvanizing, stress releasing treatment shall pe required for fabricated article to reduce risk of this kind of cracking. However, conspilting to expert shall be required prior to hot dip galvanizing treatment of this kind of fteel. Structural steel gener@ly will not be brittle broken because of hydrogen absorption during pickling. Remainfd hydrogen (if has) generally will not affect structural steel. {As for structural steel, allsorbed hydrogen shall be released during hot dip galvanizing. If steel hardness is er than 34HRC, 340HV or 325HB (refer to ISO 4964), hydrogen absorbing anfount shall be the lowest degree as possible during pre- treatment. ‘As for preventing brifle failure, if experiences from a certain location can prove that special steel, pre-trfatment, heat treatment, mechanical treatment, pickling and hot dip galvanizing can {chieve satisfied result, these experiences can guide the same steel, pre-treatment, heft treatment, mechanical treatment, pickling and hot dip galvanizing at other locafions. C.L.6 Effect of article dimension Two factors, large sizq and metallurgy property of thick steel article fabricated with normal fabrication methgd, will require that article need to stay in hot dip galvanizing bath for longer period. ,, thicker coating will be caused. C.1.7 Hot dip galvanizipg process ‘As one part of hot dip galvanizing treatment technologies, less amount of alloy elements can be added i hot dip galvanizing bath (requirement in 4.3 shall be met) to remarkably decrease unfavorable effect of Silicon and phosphorus (refer to C.1.4) or improve coating appearfnce. General quality and anti-corrosion life hot galvanizing coating and mechanical performances of product will not be affected by these possibly added elements. St ‘ization on these added elements is not required. C2 Design C.2.1 Generic Principl¢s The design of hot dip process. Prior to design fa galvanizing article shall be suit for hot dip galvanizing fabrication of galvanizing product, user shall consult hot dip galvanizing factory fecause it may be necessary to make the structure suitable for hot dip galvanizing proctss. C.2.2 Size tolerance of fatching thread article There are two differd first is down-cut extern specification and t kinds of methods for preserved fabrication tolerance: the thread, the second is up-cut internal thread. Refer to related anda for fastener. Under general conditions, fabrication tolerance shall be preserved on tiftead article which is required on matching to permit coating thickness. It is not requifed on coating on which internal thread is fabricated after hot dip galvanizing or re-fatficated. 5