— ; ——————— YLINDRICAL MAGNETRON 15.3.1. INTRODUCTION diagram of a cylindrical Ss in .2. A high power microwave oscillator uses traveling- wave cylindrical magnetron tubes. ¢ This type of magnetron is also called a conventional magnetron. a cylindrical cathode of finite length and radius a at the centre surrounded bya cylindrical anode of radius b.crossed: Field Tubes (M-Type) ' ‘ fe Crossed 153] crave” - | The anode is a slow Wave structure consisting of several reentrant cavities equi-spaced around the circumstance and coupled together through the anode # cathode space by means of slots. ‘the de voltage Vo is applied between the cathode and the anode and a de magnetic flux density Bo is maintained in the positive z direction by means of a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. e When the de voltage and the magnetic flux are adjusted properly, the electrons emitted from the cathode try to travel to anode, but with the influence of crossed fields E and H in the space between anode and cathode, the electrons takes a curved path. » The accelerated electrons in the curved trajectory, when retarded by the RF field, the transfer energy from the electron to the cavities to grow RF oscillations till the system RF losses balances the RF oscillations for stability. Fig.15.3, Electron path in a cylindrical magnetron 3, | Electron path | 15.3.2. EQUATIONS OF ELECTRON MOTION (OR) HULL CUT OFF VOLTAGE ¢ The equations of motion for an electron in a cylindrical magnetron can be written as, a 2 . “.(%) - £2,-£:,% 0) TM m m dtwhere, Charge to mass ratio of electron 1.759 10'' Chg «By = B, is assumed in the positive z direction and rearrange the equation (2 dr" nad Soars; S (ed) es at at dt dt m dt dr dt 5 G) where, o, = dk 1 2 2 ro =o,P-=0,a dt 2 2 d _ @, @,a° dt 2 2dr? * The angular velocity of an electrons is, do _ a, Le dt alate (6) © The electrons move in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field, the kinetic energy of an electron is given by, 1 =mv =eV- 2 v= 2 m © The electron velocity has r and components, therefore viayy = 220 dr’ (doy _ 2ev S) {eS} = 28 dt dt} Oe a) « Atr=b, where ‘b’ is the radius from the center of the cathode to the edge of ft the anode, V = Vo and a 0, when the electrons just graze the anode, Equations (6) and (7) becomes, & _ | a dt 2| v (4) _- 2eVy dt -- (8) (9)RF and Microwave (158) - Engineering quation (8) in equation (9) we get, (2) ye = 200 dt m 2eVy _ H[2f-2) a m 2\ by The electron will acquire a tangential as well as a radial velocity. Whether the electron will just graze the anode and return toward the cathode depends on the + By substituting eq relative magnitudes of Vo and Bo. 2eV, (aThe above quation is ¢, field required to return the anode is called 1 © IfBo> Boc fora given V,, the electrons will I not reach the anode, 23 Hull Cutoff Voltage Equation Mg * The above equation (9) is called as Hull cutoff voltage equation. If Vy< Vic for a given Bo, the electrons will not reech the mat | 3Q c 22 AVE ATDANM ANGI AR EREOIENCY Ar