| 4.18. HYPERBOLIG NAVIGATIONSYSTEM: i 5 cn settee shniain Hyperbolic navigation refers to a class of navigation system based on the 4 erence in timing between the reception of two signals, without reference to. a. common clock. Thus timing reveals the difference in'distance from the receiver to the two | sistions Plotting all of the potential locations of the receiver for the | measured delay produces a series of hyperbolic lines on a chart. Taking two such measurements and. looking for the intersections of the hyperbolic lines reveals the receiver location to be in one of two locations. + The earliest known hyperbolic system was used during world war.I as an acoustic location system for locating enemy artillery. * The sound of a shell being fired. was received by several microphones, and the time of reception sent to a computing center to plot the location, These systems were used in world war SI. By that time, however, radio’ techniques were becoming much more capable, and:most hyperbolic systems aré based |: - ‘on radio means. ; . . Timing based navigation Consider:two ground-based. radio, stations located at.a’set distance ftom each other, say 300 km so. that they are exactly lms apart at light speed,cific frequency. stations, called the “secondary” is also equipped with, Tadio se [ ‘: One of - this receiver hears the signal from the other station, teferreg . 1 a “master”, it triggers its own broadcast. The mast toas the : G : broadcast any series of pulses, with the secondary generating the same series after | ms delay, * ‘er station can then, hearing these ang * Consider a portable -receiver located on. the midpoint of the line drawn, between the two stations, known as the baseline.: In this case, the signal will, necessarily, take 0.5 ms to reach the receiver. By Measuring this time, they could determine that they are Precisely 150 km from both Stations, an thereby exactly determine their location along the line, th signals would change. id '¢ timing of the In the receiver moves to the side of the baseline, they delay line from both Stations will grow. At some Point, for instance, the; Y will measure a delay of i 1 and 1.5 ms, which implies the receiver is 300 km from one. station and 450 from the other. If one draws circuit of 300 and 450 km tadius around the two stations on.a chart, the circles will intersect at two poihts. Absolute-Vs Differential Timing There is a serious Practical problem with this approach in order to measure the time it took for the signals to reach the Teceiver, knovin the Precise time thai the signal was originally electronics this is. a trivial exercise, the receiver, must sent. With modem and forms the basis of all modern. navigation systems, including GPS. In the 1930s, however such precise time Measurements simply weren't possible; ‘Was difficult enough to build in fixed f a clock of the required accuracy » let alone portable...Radar aha’ Navigon tia | sy agelaton, Fe instance, drifis‘al { Bout | vo 2+ “Seconds a tionth, 4 or); yer seconds. an hour. This inay sound ania, but a as’ ‘Wight t ravels | axl. geld? mnfs:this tepresents a drift.of 400 m per hour,: on itwas possible to accurately méasure’ thé: differcnee hee Y wo + gigils: Mueli of the development of suitatle eijuipmient ad been carried vgpt between 1935 and: 1938 as part-of the efforts'to deploy radar: ‘jatems, ’ The ada ‘display systems to start their sweep W! re-amplified and sent into.the slope:diszlay, producing a ing the distance along -the face-of the oscilloscope of any id: ‘reception: could’ be--rheasured, thus for chain. home’.were ‘based: on ostillascopes hes riggered hen the broadcast signal was sent, }ocq2 Retum signals we oe Ships By. measiiit «blips; the: time’ ‘between broadcast an * “revealing tesangr ‘to the target. mn spite to ‘have ‘attempted the “construction of a Mein Haris was the’ first * topic in 1931 : “hype Spat of the masters exal pos on of professor for mathem Cs,. ast in Lubeck, Harms tried to demonstfate inyperbo c, Kee following’ ‘operating sed Jin. the starting with musings ‘on thé “After taking ! the z tion ‘at the igation systems, mination: “at navigat n- collegs e. navigation |: os Ast’of simple transmitters and receive by ny like LORAN. and Decca ‘aviation Li DRANG 8 are, discuss