Contents 1 Traditional wells versus SmartWells 1.1 Traditional well material 1.2 SmartWells, ‘Smart single wells Smart multiple wells 1.2.3 Why SmartWells 1.3 Basic principle of SmartWells 1.3.1 Thisis how SmartWells work: 14. How does the field work look like? 1.4.1 Video 15 SmartWells and grouting 1.6 Diameters, depths 2.SmartWells one by one 2.1 DirectWell 2.1.1 Basic parts and use. 2.1.2 DirectWell main characteristics: 2.1.3 Direct well parts 22 Quality well 22 Quality well 2.2.1 Basic parts and use 22.2 Quality well main characteristics: 2.23 Quality well parts 23 ZeroDiffusionWell 23.1 Basic parts and use 23.2 ZeroDiffusionWell main characteristics: 23:3 ZeroDiffusionWell parts 2.4MultiChannelWell 2.4.1 Basic parts and use 2.4.2 MultiChannelWell main characteristics: 2.43 MultiChannelWell parts @ OWN ou beew ww ‘Camsconner ss pss1 Traditional wells versus SmartWells 1.1 Traditional well material Eikelkamp Agrisearch Equipment supplies traditional monitoring well material such as: + PVC pipes with integrated water tight connection sleeve 21x25 mm, 28x32 mm, 36x40 mm, 45x50 mm (pipe diameters; lush inside). Our PVC is stabilized with a non-metallic stabilizers; no lead, no tin, no zinc or calcium* HDPE with separate clamping sockets 2832 mm, 35x40 mm and 44x50 mm (pipe diameters; flush inside)* HDPE with water tight screw connections 25x32.mm, 41x50 mm and 51x63 mm (flush in- and outside)* Filter sand*** Bentonite pellets 300% swelling capacity Bentonite pellets 800% swelling capacity** Filter gauze to prevent silting up of filter pipes in certain soils* * Pipe material and filter gauze is tested on leaching characteristics according to KIWA judgment guidelines for the application as groundwater monitoring well. ** Bentonite is tested on composition according to KIWA judgment guidelines for the application as plugging ‘material in combination with groundwater monitoring wells. «+ Filter sand is tested 2x/year on leaching characteristics according to a 1:20-24 hrs leaching test in ultra pure water acidified to pH=4 according to Eijkelkamp Leaching Test (ETU) hallmark. Each product is supplied with a leaching certificate according to ETU or KIWA More info on traditional well materials in our Catalogue (P2.01) and website. 1.2 SmartWells The application of bentonite pellets is often difficult and risky especially ina narrow casing or borehole. Therefore Eijkelkamp has developed a number of single and multiple SmartWells. — All these wells are installed using prefabricated (prefab) bentonite A A ‘elements and sand catchers, The DirectWell, QualityWell and ZeroDiffusionWell can also be applied using a grout, in stead of pre- shaped bentonite products provided that a triple pack of sand catchers is applied just on top of the filter section, All SmartWells use materials tested on leaching characteristics according to the KIWA and ETU Hallmarks eseations ‘Bentonite plug unswollen (right) © SmartWells cannot be installed in a hollow stem auger drilled hole, and swollen (eft)in transparent The drilled hole is simply too large compared to the swelling pipe. Sand catcher (white), diameter of the prefab bentonite products. prevents sand to flow in space ‘= Incases where pure product of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids | between pipe (=cay layer) and ‘unswollen Bentonite (ONAPL) may trickle down the drilled hole in the phase where the bentonite is not yet swollen (2-5 days in clay layers) grouting must be preferred. When grouting, apply at least two or three sand catchers just above the fier to prevent the grout, from reaching the filter area + Bentonite (all types) will swell lessin groundwater with a higher salinity level (>~ 10 mS/cm pore water conductivity). + Bentonite (pellets included) will not swell at alin pure product layers of LNAPL or DNAPL. ‘Camsconner ss toga‘Smart single wells © DirectWell © ZeroDiffusionWell © Qualitywell ‘Smart multiple wells ¢ MultichannelWell with three levels (MCW3) # MultichannelWell with seven levels (MCW7) The following pages will be used to explain and specify these SmartWells and help you select the well type you need. 1.2.3 Why SmartWells ‘There are two main reasons. ‘The first: Read the phrase in the red square: See rent ree) (right)? ‘The second: Traditional purging and sampling More and more groundwater monitoring scientists are convincing the market and officials that the traditional urging of three (or more) wet well volumes does not guarantee sample integrity on most parameters like PAH, pesticides and other complex organics. Research has proven that turbid samples contain 10-100-1000 or even, 10000 times more PAH than the really mobile fraction moving through an aquifer by natural forces. Reducing turbidity Drawdown high flow purging Drawdown low flow purging By reducing the forces that push soil particles into the well, turbidity of water E samples can be brought down severely. This is realized ‘ieee by limiting the draw-down in er level iv well during the purging ‘end outside well wile umoing (and sampling) stage 10 0.5 meters.This results in a turbidity which may comes close to the natural turbidity of groundwaterasitis flowing ‘through the soil (mostly 5-10 NTU). By, at the same time, situating the tubing or pump directly midway in the screened section of the well [AND pumping with a limited flow / drawdown, the need to purge the water from the blind section of the well is avoided. The purging and sampling flow may vary between 500 to 100 mi/min = highest/lowest flow. Dissolved oxygen level drop with subsequent stabilization isthe signal that sampling can ‘Camsconner ss togastart. Thisis often the case after having purged only 1-15 filter section volumes ! When switching from purging ‘to.sampling turbidity level is determined as a sample quality indicator together with pH, EC and, if required, redox. SmartWells and reducing purging time Representativeness and integrity of samples increases greatly. There is much less water to evacuate or dispose off. n most cases low flow purging costs less time. All our SmartWells have very low dead volumes (0.5 litres up toa few tres) which make them ideal for low flow/low turbidity purging, If you insist on the 3 wet well volume ‘method itis good to know that the same low dead well volume helps you to greatly reduce traditional purging ‘time too! The low-turbidity sampling procedure has become compulsory in the Netherlands as from start 2009 with standard NENS744-2009 (English translation available at etceikelkamp.com ). SO 5667-11 (groundwater sampling) also allows describes micro-purging-low flow sampling. More info also: EPA/540/S-95/504 (free downloadable) 1.3 Basic principle of SmartWells + Anarrow borehole is drilled. Maximum diameter forall currently available SmartWells is 100 mm outside diameter (0.0). Sonic drilling is ideal. ‘+ SmartWell material is lowered in borehole or casing, Bentonite elements are added to the blind section of the well, + Casing is filed with water and pulled. + Bentonite starts swelling ‘+ Well development is preferably NOT applied to prevent vertical groundwater flows in the freshly drilled and still unplugged borehole since the bentonite is not yet swollen. Swelling time of the bentonite depends on the diameter left behind after pulling the casing and may take two days to five weeks (saline groundwater). + Sand catchers (normally placed each meter) will limit vertical flow in the borehole until bentonite elements are swollen. + Sand catchers prevent liquid sand to flow between bentonite element and clay layer. ‘+ Sand layers will collaps when pulling the casing. Bentonite has little or no function there and will hardly swell + Leave the well fora few weeks (one week minimum) to allow full swelling of bentonite and to allow chemical stabilization of the well materials with the surrounding groundwater. ‘+ Purge and sample the well using a traditional method or a low flow / low turbidity purging method. ‘Camsconner ss toga1,3.1 This is how SmartWells work: Casing stil down, well nstalled in casing, Ready 10 pull casing after filling casing with water or air pressure Casing pulled, liquid sand layers collapsed against unswollen bentonite elements. In clay layers bentonite will start swelling. Sand catchers keep spaces clean from sand ‘After a week Bentonite fully swollen in day layers. Well ready for purging and sampling, Before puling the casing [Sand catchers needed area below free from fi SI uid sane E E ‘Aker ping up ot essing i ‘Sand catchers keep ‘Camsconner ss toga1.4 How does the field work look like? Thisis how a typical SmartWell installation looks like (shown with a CompactSonic tractor mast). A dail casing 63, 88 or 100 mm O.D. is used with a lost cone. MultiChannelWell 7 level type 1.4.1 Video ‘The SonicSampDrill (SS) website has video material for on-ine viewing or downloading on the installation of these wells. See www. sonicsampdrillcom ‘Camsconner ss toga1.5 SmartWells and grouting The MultiChannelWell can never be used together with a grout. The DirectWell, QualityWell and ZeroDiffusionWell however can also be used with a grout. ALWAYS respect the maximum diameters # ‘SmartWell with casing stil in place. Lower part of casing filled with water, test with grout Casing pulled. Sand catchers expanded, ‘grout fils complete hole [Casing filed with grout [Blind riser pipe or lubing [Tie vib [Situate at least three lsand catchers on top of liter section to prevent |grout trom flowing to iter section [Water (filed through blind pipe) Filter section of ISmartWell |(MultiChannelWell lexcluded) [Lost cone (or lower lend of casing bailed [Sand catchers Ideployed. Grout has fillec complete hole latter pulling of casing, |—— [Fiter section of |SmartWell ((MultiChannelWell lexcluded) laown) 1.6 Diameters, depths ‘SmartWell type Inside ‘Swelling ‘Maxdepth ] Sampling | Blind riser Fiiter section Length ameter of | capaci ieves | pipenvting | and siometerI100 faxing (mm_| boven dar Someter Win Max 7 mT = DieceT [8 a 7 TORT Tass user as} eo— footer 4 psisz TF /60 Zero0rTusionWel——[ee—[ 0 —[ von 0 [01 353327) [1951760 7 ‘MutichannalWels [es] 89 —T so oR oo —[ 39 Wes atper—Poasorosas chanel ahichanmaWenT —| BE] | STOR TOS] ToT] stoper | OOS chan! 730 m with less sand catchers, 100 m with grout and ballasted filter section “+ depending on number of Im long bentonite sections (weight) ‘Is maximum length of currently available tubing ‘Camsconner ss toga2 SmartWells one by one 2.1 DirectWell ‘The DirectWell can be used in casing 40 mm inside for 45-70 mm boreholes ROPE wing TO TE im 2.1.1 Basic parts and use. Prevent upper saa catcher 4 from sng upith ier. SL, [Riigaag sa parenre esther wil prevent back moter from falirg down , eee Tox S mmPOPEWong when Seaattagtear at attached to the 1 mong filter ae aie. season 2s rail pre sted Hrergouze Spacer Toning Tox 2 [Fitersecion oF bireer WaT] ‘Tubing with sand catcher, spacer and bentonite collar Lowering the DirectWell/ unrolling | Sand catchers folds ‘Maximum installation depth 20 meter with the tubing casing and unfolds when | a sand catcher every meter. 30 meters with casingis pulled. Spacer _| less sand catchers. Sand catchers only ontop prevents catcher | essential in clay layers. Fill casing with to get blocked between | water (or compressed ait) prior to pulling. ing and bentonite 2.1.2 DirectWell main characteristics: 10.04 Direct well ‘Camsconner ss pss+ Small diameter allows very rapid installation with casing 40x54 mm (demolition hammer / push casing) or Sonic casing (40x63 mm) Extremely low dead volume, reduces purging time and quantity of waste water Sturdy 10x13 mm HDPE tubing acts as riser pipe (blind section). No connections, no leakage! Filter has regular diameter of 25 mm inside 35 mm outside (with filter gauze pre-mounted) Can be used in any 4.cm inside diameter casing or 4-7 cm borehole Bentonite will plug entire hole; no backfilling with other materials No sand; no bentonite pellets; no grout. Grouting is possible. Can be installed rapidly until 20-40 meters depth with sonic drilling GP63 casing European Environmental Technology Verification project verified performance claims on installation time at 20 m depth (30 minutes}, plugging (5 daysin normal soll, weeks in 15 mS/cm saline soil and quality of manual ‘© KIWA Hallmark checked base materials © Used materials sut all environmental analysis, Remarks ‘© Small diameter water level meter needed (available is a meter with max. tape length 8 m) © Sampling with peristaltic pump (-8m max) or, for larger depths, tiny foot valve pump (9 mm with 6x8 mm PE tubing), 2.1.3 Direct well parts 700430 _| Fiker 25:36 mm(1 [prefab 1 mperS pes 10.04.40 _| Filter 25x36 mm (1") prefab 2m per 5 pes 12.20.14 Tubing HDPE 10x13 mm rol 200 m = 10.04.33 | Sand-catchers 13,5 x 105 mm with spacers, per 50 pcs 70.08.31 | Bentonite collars 16x35 mm, 20 pcs at 0.5 m each Optional 10.02.30 | Street cover to nish well at sollor street surface 10.04.32 | Bottom plate for street cover and aerated tubing plug 10 ‘Camsconner ss pss2.2 Quality well * Very rapid and simple installtion until large depths ‘Suits 1” regular measuring and sampling tools (25 mm 1" flush inside) Blind pipe Provent sand catchers fm Siding up wits sturdy i nb 2. 1 Basic parts and use Quality fiter Obigatery sand catcher wil prevent back fl material trom tating down Keep lower sand catchers in place with lower placed ‘ier, Bentonite colar Spacer tube ‘Sand catcher Filler section of Quality Well Pg Fill casing with water through the bling pipe will remove all air. Filing with water before installation of well sections will reduce weight of well parts when lowering. Max. installation depth 50 (empty casing) to 100 meters (casing prefilled with water), With more than 5 bentonite sections max length will decrease due to the increasing weight. Very rapid installation ! Pre-pack filter and blind pipe with bentonite and sand catchers before lowering in a 88 or 100 mm OD casing Special grip pliers (artnr 10.01.90:90) allow holding the ‘well string while extending with plain blind pipes. " ‘Camsconner ss pss2. 2 Quality well main character Benefits Pre-packed filter with filtersand; fast and easy installation Fit forlarge depths Pre-shaped bentonite; no bridging possible Impermeable layers perfectly repaired No grouting; no grout pump cleaning, no mess Grouting possible if preferred No messy use of loose sand and bentonite pellets High flow filter reduces field sampling time Prepacked filter will nt plug for years Manual guides you analso be installed with 88 and 100 sonic driling casing (smallest casing |.D. 75 mm) KIWA Hallmark checked components Suits all environmental parameters Remarks * Not for hollow stem augering 2.2.3 Quality well parts For use in 66-76 mm inside casing (max plugging 90 mm) Foruse in 77 mm casing (max plugging diameter = 100mm) 1005.01.32 | Filter prefab, 25 mm inside (1”) with sand fixed with filtergauze 60 mm O.D, can be extended. L=1m.PerS 001.207 Blind pipes 25x32 mm L=2 m packed per Sor 35 10.01.2202 TOO1217 Blind pipes 25x32 mm L=1m packed per5 or 35 1001.27.02 10.0403.32 | Blind pipe 1 mwith bentonite collar fixed on 60 mm O.D. packed per 5 70.04.0132 ___| Blind pipe 1 m with bentonite collar fixed on it 70 mmO.0. packed per 5 10.01.24 ‘Top cap 32 mm PE 20 pes 10.04.9964 | Sand catchers diameter 33x170 mm, set 50 pes 10.06.07.27 | Spacer between sand catcher and bentonite segment set 50 pes 12 ‘Camsconner ss toga2.3 ZeroDiffusionWell 2.3.1 Basic parts and use Main features: Riser pipe comes on a roll and is straigthened when lowering in wel No physical leakage possible since there are no connections! No diffusion of volatiles ‘components from higher strata. ‘Aluminium barrier packed in hydrocarbon resistant HDPE climinates diffusion and permeation risk for tenths of years ‘Allows use of normal (1") measuring and sampling equipment such as Divers and bladder Pump. Can be used in borehole of 90 or 100 mm (after pulling of casing) Canalso be used in augered borehole without ‘casing (same sizes) Canalso be used with grout instead of prefab bentonite elements (use three sand catchers on stacked on each other directly on the screened part to prevent grout from flowing down then) 2 filter part can also be extended with 1” riser pipes (see QualityWell blind pipes) items: 51mm (2°) LD. filter pipe 1 mlong, slots 0.3 mm 25 mm(1") LD. diffusion proof riser pipe that ‘comes on a roll 50 mong. Can be straightened during lowering (will stay straight and not bend back). Sand catchers 33x 170 mm BentoBlocks 34x62 mm (for casing 66-76 mm) BentoBlocks 34x72 mm (for casing 77 mm). Spacers for between sand catchers and bentonite 18 ‘Camsconner ss toga2.3.2 ZeroDiffusionWell main characteristics: Benefits + No connections: no leakage risk. The sample you get comes Poa from the filter section. Guaranteed! + Pre-shaped bentonite; no bridging possible + Simple logistics, no loose pellets, no grouting machine, no —~ mess + Grouting possible if preferred + impermeable layers perfect repaired + 2filter with 0.3 mm slots meets common monitoring well size standards © 2"1 mlong filter may be extended — * 2'fitercan also be extended with 2" HOPE riser pipes (no l bentonite plugging possible) or with 1" blind pipes 1 or 2m ROPE Ptarnianv OPE pps 2532 mm (upp on rl) [Tow provers upparsand] lestener fom sicng up [Dbrgtary sna atone wir prevent back i atest rom fating down one meter wi prevent flowing donno qua sand HDPE wrappings hydrocarbon resistant _— + Riser pipe comes on roll and can be bend straight with a guide ‘or by hand. Does not jump back ‘+ Riser pipe and other materials meet leaching standards for a drinking water transport ‘Riser pipe marked each meter 1- 50m ‘© Forinstallation with 88 and 100 mm 0.0. sonic drill casing (smallest casing |D.75 mm) ‘© Other (bailed, hammered, pushed) casing or simple borehole fsrtobacks ovr ful length ofthe reer nice to plug Je ier tte cura Spacer wing 3170 mm [and catcher prevents any mater froma ng inspoce Ftersecton Tm ong SeT possible too. + KIA Hallmark checked components — a + Materials allow analysis on all environmental parameters, This system guarantees highest depth specific sample = integrity available on the market. Remarks * Not for hollow stem augering 2.3.3 ZeroDiffusionWell parts T0078 ZeroDifusionWel riser pipe Pert-ArPert 26x32 mm. Roll 50m marked each meter. Ftfor drinking water transport according to DVGW W542 (0), ANSI/NSF 14461 potable water (USA), 150 10508 Class2 etc. 100705 Filter pipe HOPE 51 x 60 mm (2")L= Im. Slot width 03 mm. Screw connections (can be extended), Packed per 5 pcs. With Kiwa certificate according K20414/01 Toor HOPE screw cap for bottom of iter pipe 60 mm O.D. Per 5 pcs. 10.04.9964 | Sand catchers, diameter 33x170 mm set 50 pes 10.07.10 BentoBlocks 34x63 mm (for casing 66-76 mm) 10.07.12 BentoBlocks 34x73 mm (for casing 77 mm) (lengths not yet fixed) 10.06.0727 _ | Spacer for on sand-catcher, set 50 pes 10.07.01 ‘Adapter white HOPE HxD 80x60 mm to connect” fiter Section with stainless steel adapter from ZerobiffusionWell orto 1” blind pipe, set 5 pes T0072 ‘Adapter stainless steel 304 type HxD 80x38 mm to connect white larger adapter with ZeroDiffusion riser pipe. No clamp needed. Set 5 pcs. 14 ‘Camsconner ss pss2.4 MultiChannelWell 2.4.1 Basic parts and use Main parts: ‘+ HDPE tubing with three or seven channels, rolls 30-60-150m (MCW3) or 30-60- ‘90 m long (MCW?) Cutting tools to open the channels from the side at different levels, Plugs to plug sections of the channels Filters 0.25 oF 0.5 m long, sand catchers and spacers to keep filters clean BentoBlocks to plug layers between the filters (at least 50 cm above and below each filter) 3and 7 channel tubing Cutting a port with a gas powered cutter 10.06.0035 Prefatier wih pratted oe Pre-fab filters Fieldwork. After marking and cutting the ports, fiters, a - sand catchers are slipped over the tube above ground. While lowering the string in the casing the BentoBlocks are clipped on the tube and squeezed to size. After filing with water casing is pulled. After one week of swelling the MCW3 or 7 can be sampled with the same measuring and sampling material as used for the DirectWell Bentoplugs new, ready for use and swollen 15 ‘Camsconner ss toga2.4.2 MultiChannelWell main characteristics: Benefits ‘One 65x88 or 77x100 mm borehole casing can result in 2-7 groundwater sampling levels, 3 of 7 channel tube can be field prepared in half to one hour Super easy and secure plugging with bentoblocks Rapid installation with sonic driven casing No loose pellets or sand used No risk of blocking/bridging by sand or bentonite Materials fully in compliance with environmental sampling Low dead volume, short purging time Sampling possible with peristaltic pump or tiny 9 mm foot valve pump Remarks ‘+ Small 9 mm foot valve pump needed for deeper samplings ‘© Small diameter water level sensor needed for water level measurements * Cannot be used with a grout 2.4.3 MultiChannelWell parts ‘There isa separate document (manual) that will allow you to select the quantity of parts you need in your situation. Download the manual from the www.cilkelkamp.com website, See the PKD section of the site>Consumable>MCW>Manual See a video showing the installation process on www.sonicsampdiill com orin www.eijkelkamp.com; PKD section; Well consumables; Multichannel well 16 ‘Camsconner ss pss