Science Quarter 2 - Module 1 HUMAN BODY SYSTEM (Musculoskeletal, Integumentary and Digestive System) ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY MODE Department of Education e Republic of the PhilippinesMusculo-Skeletal System &) What | Need to Know SS 1.Explain how the organs of each organ system work together 2,Describe the structure and functions of the parts of the musculoskeletal system (4) What I Know Write the letter of the corect answer in your paper. 1, What bones that protect the heart ? A. scapula B. ribs C. clavicle D. skull 2. Which is the function of the skeletal system ? A. It gives shape to the body. B. It serves as framework of the body. C. It makes the body grow. D. It acts as the armour of the body. 3. This is a bony structure from the back of the neck to the hipbone that protects the spinal cord. A. Spinal column B.Appendages C. joints. __D... hinges 4. This cord that connects the muscles to the bones . A. Collagen B. Tendon C. triceps D. biceps 5. An infant has 350 bones, a chid has 208 and an adult has 206 bones A. True B. False C. Maybe D. Not sure 6. What is this organ system that consists of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles ? A.. Skeletal System C, Muscular System B. Integumentary System D. Digestive System 7. Itis an involuntary muscle that is present only in the heart. A. Skeletal muscle C. Cardiac Muscle B. Smooth Muscle D. Hard Muscle 8. These voluntary muscles are consciously controlled to move the bones. A. Skeletal muscle C. Cardiac Mus cle B. Smooth Muscle D. Hard Muscle 19. These are involuntary muscles that cannot be controlled consciously. . A. Skeletal muscle C. Cardiac Mus cle B. Smooth Muscle D. Hard Muscle 10. Muscles always work in pairs. If one muscle contracts, , the opposite relaxes A. True B. False C. Maybe D. Not sure What’s In Choose the answer from the box.Write your answer in your paper. Matter homogeneous heterogeneous magnetism. Evaporation filtration sieving decantation Solutuon mixture 1.Itis anything that occupies space and has mass. 2. Itis a combination of two or more substances 3. Itis formed when sugar and water are mixed well. 4., Itis a technique that separates less -dense substance from a denser one. 5. A technique that separates insoluble solids from liquids. 6. Separating solid mixtures using a strainer or a big screen , 7. Itis a technique that separates soluble solid from a liquid by the presence of heat 8. It is a way of separating nails from the sand. 9. It is a mixture that does not have uniform composition. 10. Itis a mixture that has uniform composition throughout, What's New uman Organ System a = es Figure 1 | Source hitps:imww.ck12.org/booklck-12-biology-advanced-concepis/section!17.3/ These are the different organs of the human body systems 2Lesson 1 is all about Musculoskeletal system. Did you know how the organs of this system works? Explore and do the activities in the next pages! Activity 1. 1 The Musculoskeletal System and How it Works Read and study figure 1.1 &1.2, then answer the questions below. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet no.1 What is musculoskeletal system? It is the combination of the muscular and skeletal systems working together and includes the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the body. It houses the skeletal and muscular system. The two systems work together to move the different parts of your body. Your bones, cartilages, and joints make up the skeletal system while your muscles make up the muscular system. ‘muscular system Skeletal system Figure1.1 The Musculoskeletal System ‘Source tps kenhui.comienfbrarylanatomyftne:musculoskelelab-system rachioradinie Figure 1.2 Musculoskeletal System Source: hnip:www pinterest.com aupitv’527202700121154294)Pieced 1.What do call the combination of the muscular and skeletal systems working together in our body? 2.What are the components that make up the skeletal system? 3.What makes up the bones? Give at least 10 4.What makes up the muscles? Give at least 10. 5 Explain how the musculoskeletal system works in our body? GY) What’s More Activity 1.2 The Skeletal System and its Function Read and study figure en answer the questions belo ‘Write your answer on the attached activity sheet no.2 sate Te SHES pe * Made of bones and cartilage. Supports your body and gives it shape. Protects your internal organs. igaments hold bones together. Allows you to move when muscles pull on bones. Stores minerals such as calcium. Produces blood cells. Two of more bones meet at a joint. Joints allow different kinds of movement. Fig.1.4 The Skeletal SystemDo you know that? The SKELETAL SYSTEM provides the structural framework for the body and protects internal organs such as the heart, lungs and brain. ‘+ The skeleton consists of the bones of the body. ‘+ The human skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions: 1.Axial skeleton includes all the bones of the fe, 4 head, neck, Ossicles e cos chest and back. (rnereary Sy - it serves to protect the Hyoid boné & brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. ~ the adult consists of 80 > Rib cage bones, including the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracie cage. -The skull is formed by 22 4 bones. ft 2 Appendicular Skeleton includes the bones of the shoulder,arms,hands ,hips,and feet. -126 bones of an adult The appendicular skeleton is composed of the i2YOW avy bones of the upper limbs and the lower limbs.1. Give 5 functions of a skeletal system. 2. What are the two major divisions of the human skeleton? 3. What is the function of axial skeleton? 4, What makes up the axial skeleton? 5. What makes up the appendicular skeleton? 6. Explain how the organs of the skeletal system works together? Write your answer on the Activity Sheet No. 2 41.What are your wrong answers? Why? What is the correct answer? Ifall your answers are correct, then you can now proceed to the next activity. If not, read and study again figure 1.5 & 1.6 Activity 1.3 The Muscular System and Its Function! Read and study figure 1.5, then answer the questions below. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet no.3 Muscular System = Function: Works with skeletal system to produce voluntary movement; helps to circulate blood and move food through the digestive system * Structures: + Skeletal muscle ¥ Connects to bone, enables movement via Contraction which pulls on bone + Smooth muscle ¥ Forms organs that squeeze (ex: stomach) ¥ Involuntary movernent + Cardiac muscle Makes up heart ¥ Regular beats due to pacemakerDid you get the correct answers? QUESTIONS: 1.What are the functions of muscular system? 2.What is the role of the skeletal muscle in our body? 3. What is the function of smooth muscle in our body? 4, Explain how the organs of muscular system work together? Did you get the correct answers ? Ifyes, congratulations, you van now proceed to the next activity. Ifo, read and study again figure 2. and answer the qustions below. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet 3 ur answers are now correct, then you can now proceed to the next Ifnot, read and study again figure 3 ze =, What | Have Learned Directions: There are hidden words that are related to the parts of your body that, you will see in the puzzle. All you have to do is to encircle the words you saw. Use activity sheet no, 4 Write the words you found in the puzzle. L [M[D[K |H|/E|R|Y |Q|[W[R|E|T|D|D|GIS t {alu [ct [Jy [c [B [D [s [A |G [J [K [0 [K [A [K G{rR/s [s [F [A /E (R[F |v [BH |F [S [A [RE A{s |p {Ee {c/A[R|T I [L [A(G{E {s [wiG [Lt M([D/eE [R {A |U[G [J [K [L [0 [oO |P [D [G [WlE Ec [m/v [s [c [Lt [E [s {s [c [F [G [A [A [AT N {tT [aii [c [A /[B/O IN |E |s |o |G [s [D [P [0 T [U{A [P(N |X [M/E |S [W/F [H |S [N |F |[K [N s {t [x [o [kK [D/H [A [B [kK [J |[F [A [0 |G |[E [0 w/olv [u {et |v [u [s [N [v [E [D [D [D |v [R |H Q{K/G/A[L/E [i [c [miu |t [t [TIN [c |[T [Cc ut In [A [o[s [o/z [p {i [u jo/E [Ee |X [N/E LP IN/F i! (RAD /E lJ jolt IN|T [sii [R Aly {H[H[P [H/E [A [U [AI [A|D {A [A |P [A P [R [vu [H [E [U (WIN [x [s [Oo [A [WIO JA LL WN What are these words mean to you?Did you get the correct answers? tyes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next activity. Ifno, read and study again figure 2 and answer the questions below Write your answer on the attached activity sheet 3 What are your wrong answers? Why? What is the correct answer? Ifall your answers are now correct, then you can now proceed to the next activity. If not, read and study again figure 3. Ch) What I Can Do Directions: Using the graphic organizer explain how skeletal system and muscular system works in our body. (Write your answer on the separate a ity sheet no. 5) = Musculo-skeletal System Muscular System n x (or O ot a Sh aT ; System Mi, Did you get the correct answers? Ifyes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next actiIntegumentary System ( %) What | Need to Know % Objective/s 1. Describe the structure and functions of the parts of the Integumentary system 2.Explain how the organs of Integumentary system work together @) What I Know Write TRUE or FALSE 1, The Integumentary System protects the body's intemal living tissues and organs. 2. The outer layer of the skin is the epidermis. 3. Dermis is the first layer of the skin. 4, Melanin absorbs the light energy which protects inner cells from damaging effect of ultraviolet reys from the sun. 5. Hair, toenails and fingernails are also part of the integumentary system Tell if muscular or skeletal sysytem, 1. It gives shape to the body. 2. Itis composed of bones. 3. It gives the body much-needed support. 4, IIt stores important minerals like calcium. 5. It helps the body to move and do the work 9GQ) What Is It Activity 2.1 The Integumentary and its Function Read and study figure 2.1, then answer the que: ns below. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet no.6 The Integumentary System -is the system consist of the skin, The Skin hair, glands, nails and nerves. It acts as a barrier from the outside environment. It protects the body from harmful organisms, temperature, and other external factors. Your skin shields your body from UV rays emitted by the sun and from microorganisms that can enter and harm the other body systems. It also protects you from mechanical and physical injury. Your skin has receptors that recognize heat, cold, pain, and Cops touch. Sweat is a waste product excreted through the pores of the swe la at Col, tbs skin. Hence, skin is an excretory organ. Figure 2.1 The Integumentary System Activity 2.2 The Integumentary System and Its Structure Read and study figure 2.2. then answer the questions below. Parts of the Integumentary System 1. Epidermis — is the outer layer of the skin. It consists of epithelial cells that contains protein like called keratin. Keratin water proofs and protects the cells and tissues that lie underneath. The outer layer contains dead cells of the epidermis. The dead outer cells are constantly shed. You will notice that when you take a bath, some dead skins can be removed. Almost the entire layer of the skin cells shed and is lost each month, The epidermis acts as a barrier that protects the body from ultraviolet radiation, harmful chemicals, and pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, Melanin absorbs light energy, which protects inner cells from damaging effect of ultraviolet rays from the sun. 102. Dermis- It is the second layer of the skin. Its directly beneath the epidermis. It is usually 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. Its consist of connective tissues that prevent the skin from tearing and enables the skin to return to its normal state after being stretched. The elasticity of the skin decreases as people ages its structure 3. Hypodermis- It is the deepest section of the skin. This refers to the fat tissue below the dermis that insulates the body from cold temperatures and provides shock Absorption. Fat cells of the hypodermis also store nutrients and energy. 4. Hairs and nails- Hair, toenails and fingernails are also part of the integumentary system. Hair and nails contain keratin and develop from epithelial cells. Hair cells grow out from the narrow cavities in the dermis called hair follicles. The nails act as a protective plate over the fingertips and toes. Hair serves many functions such as keeping the body warm, Nutrients like protein, iron, zinc, vitamin E, and biotin are needed for hair growth. Remember: The skin is one of the first defense mechanisms in your immune system. \; = what | Have Learnea Refer to activities 2.1 & 2.2 irections: Write the word being described in the sentence on the space provided Write your answer on the attached activity sheet no.6 1. It consists of the skin, hair, glands, nails and nerves . Itis the outer layer of the skin The second layer of the skin |. One of the first defense mechanism of our immune system. It is where hair cells grow from the base of the follicle. . Its water proofs and protects the cells and tissues that lie undemeath . The deepest section of the skin, It protects us from the ultraviolet radiation . It prevents the skin from tearing and enables the skin to return to its normal state after being stretched. 10 Give one nutrient that is needed for hair growth. lo aberDid you get the correct answers? If-yes, Congratulations , you can now proceed to the next activity. If no, read and study again figure 2.1 and answer the questions below. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet 7 1, What are your wrong answers? Why? What is the correct answer? Ifall your answers are correct, then you can now proceed to the next activity. If not, read and study again figure 2.1 & 2.2. 12Digestive System &) What | Need to Know 1. Describe the structure and functions of the parts of the Digestive system 2. Explain how the organs of Digestive system work together Ka What Is It XS Activity 3.1 The Digestive System and Its Function Read and study figure 3.1 then answer the questions below. Figure 3.1 The Digestive System 13dp What’s More Read and study figure 3.2, then answer the questions below. Digestive system place food in your mouth, the digestive system starts working. The mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small intestines work together to break down food so that the body will absorb food nutrients 1, breaks down food into smaller portions. 2, absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream and transfers nutrients to the cells, to produce energy. 3, aids in the elimination process of undigested food. 1, Mechanical Digestion- is the physical break down of food into smaller pieces. It takes place as the food moves down the digestive tract via peristalsis, Peristalsis is the rhythmic, involuntary contraction of the smooth muscles. 2, Chemical Digestion - involves the breaking down of food chemically into simple nutrients that can be used by the cells. Mouth and Mouth Cavity Pharynx etophagus, Liver Stomach Gallbladder Pancreas, Large intestine Small intestine Rectum Anus seeld KON Figure 3.2 The Components of Digestive System u VWRefer to Activity 3.1, figure 3.1 & 3.2 ‘Write your answer on the attached activity sheet no.7 QUESTIONS: 1.What do you call to the collection of organs that breaks down food into energy? 2.What are the components of the digestive system? 3.What are the three main functions of the digestive system? 4 What do you call to the process of chemically breaking down of food into simple nutrients that can be used by the cells? 5.Explain how digestive system works in our body? Did you get the correct answers? If yes, Congratulations, you can now proceed to the next acti Ifno, read and study again figure 3.1 & 3.2 and answer the questions below. Write your answer on the attached activity sheet 8 4.What are your wrong answers? Why? What are your answers? If all your answers are correct, then you can now proceed to the next activity. If not, read and study again figure 3.1 & 3.2. CONGRATULATIONS!What I Have Learned Activity 3.3 Do What is Asked! Activi No. 3.3 Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form the different parts of the digestive system. Use Activity Sheet No. 8 Jumbled letters Correct word formed for different parts of the digestive system 4. CERMUT. 2. UNSA 3. EGLAR TINESINSET 4. LLASM TINESINSET 5, CRAENAPS, 6. IREVL 7. LLAG DEBRALD 8. ACHTOMS. 9. XNYHARP. 10. AHSOEPUSG 41. THOMU 12. LIRYAVSA NDSLAG Activity 3.4 Do What is Asked! Directions: Using the Venn diagram compare and contrast mechanical and chemical digestion, (Use Activity Sheet No. 9) Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion 16ES ‘Assossinent Directions: Read and understand carefully the questions about musculoskeletal, integumentary and digestive system. (Use Activity Sheet No. 10) |. Multiple Choice: Encircle the letter that corresponds to you answer. 1. The framework of a house provides the house with both support and structure allowing it to stand. Which system provides those functions in humans? A. Skeletal System C. Integumentary System B. Muscular System —_D. Digestive System 2, What 2 systems are MOST DIRECTLY responsible for your ability to stand up for long periods of time, walk, and sit down? A. Integumentary and Excretory _C. Circulatory and Respiratory B. Digestive and Reproductive _D. Musculoskeletal 3. The soft, fatty tissue that fills the inside of most bones and makes red blood cells and many white blood cells, ‘A, Bone marrow B. Fat C. Heart D. Skin 4, Skin, hair, and nails make up the system. ‘A. muscular system C. digestive system B, integumentary system _ D. skeletal system 5. . the body's largest organ, contains melanin, which gives skin color that protects it from the sun's rays. A. Skin B. Tendon C. Nerves D. Joint 6. is soft material on the end of bones. It protects your bones by preventing them from rubbing together. The end of your nose, and your ears are made of this. A. Tendon B. Muscle C. Ligament D. Cartilage 7A is a point at which two bones meet. Joints enable the body to move. A hinge joint, such as your elbow or knee, lets bones move back and forth A. Muscle B. Joint ©. Cartilage D. Lung 8, Whats the digestive system? ‘A. The body's breathing system —_C. The body's food-processing system B. The body's system ofnerves _D.. The body's blood-transporting system 7‘9. What happens when food reaches the stomach? ‘A. Nothing, No digestion occurs in the stomach. B. The food moves quickly into the small intestine. C. Juices mix with the food and stomach muscles squeeze it. D. The food is completely digested and is absorbed by tiny blood vessels in the walls of the stomach. 10, Which of the following makes up a skeleton? A. Skin B. Bones C. intestines D. Muscles II. Answer the following questions the best as you can. 1. Explain how the organs of the following organ system work together A. Musculoskeletal System B. Integumentary System C. Digestive System 18