NAME: MR HAMZA LOCATION: BAHRIA UNIVERSITY

AGE: 26 YEARS COLLECTION TIME: 17 SEPTEMBER 2021

GENDER: MALE REPORTING TIME: 17 SEPTEMBER 2021

LOCATION: BAHRIA SICK BAY

INTRODUCTION:

Mr. Hamza is a university student. His age is 22, he lives in Johar, and apart from studies his
hobbies are to explore new places and to have food there, he is physically unfit and he has no
interest in maintaining his physique. From some past days he has been facing severe headache,
high pulse rate, high blood pressure, fatigue, numbness in the heart and feet.

MEDICAL HISTORY:

The patient has a past history regarding to serious health issue and disease from his family and
forefathers, they have been dealing with diabetes, cardiovascular diseases due to high cholesterol
and arterial dysfunctioning.

TESTS:

Doctor recommended the patient some tests which were blood test; liver test in which
electrolytes, CBC, liver function test (LFT), cholesterol test and glucose test were included. The
collection of samples was on 7th of September, 2021 at 11:24 pm.

ANALYSIS:

In terms of analyzing the reports all tests were cleared, but in the lipid profile, the cholesterol
was very high than normal, the normal range is <200 whereas the patient’s cholesterol was more
than 255 mg/dl and in triglycerides, normal range is 46-236 but the patient’s profile was high up
to 757 mg/dl.Whereas in glucose studies, glycosylated Hb’s normal range is <5.6 but the
patient’s result shown abnormality in glucose it was high in sugar which was 10.3%. The normal

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glucose test range during fasting 56-100 mg/dl, whereas the abnormal range of glucose of the
patient were 230 mg/dl.

DISCUSSION:

High blood cholesterol levels contribute to atherosclerosis, or the hardening and constriction of
arteries, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. Second, having a high triglyceride
level (a type of fat present in the blood) can raise your risk of heart disease.

Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed by high glucose levels in the blood when fasting. Diabetes
mellitus type 2 can develop as a result of underlying problems such as excessive cholesterol,
high blood pressure, and genetic inheritance. Although it is more common in older people, it can
also affect young people who have low HDL and high LDL levels, as well as little or no physical
exercise, obesity, and smoking.

Excess sugar damages the walls of the small blood arteries (capillaries) that nourish the nerves,
particularly in the legs. This might result in tingling, numbness, burning, or pain that starts at the
tips of the toes or fingers and extends upward. Foot nerve injury or inadequate blood flow
increases the risk of a variety of foot problems. Cuts and blisters, if left untreated, can develop
dangerous infections and heal slowly. Amputation of the toe, foot, or leg may be required as a
result of these illnesses.

Furthermore, the kidneys contain millions of glomeruli, which are microscopic blood artery
clusters that filter waste from the blood. This delicate filtering system can be harmed by diabetes.
Kidney failure or irreversible end-stage kidney disease can result from severe damage,
necessitating dialysis or a kidney transplant. Skin infections, such as bacterial and fungal
infections, may become more common in the person.

As a result, the patient is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it is possible to forecast
that if the patient's cholesterol and glucose levels are not under control, he or she will be at a
higher risk of atherosclerosis and heart attack.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

In persons with type 2 diabetes, on weight maintenance diets, replacing carbohydrate with
monounsaturated fat reduces postprandial glycaemia and triglyceridemia. However, there is
concern that increased fat intake in ad libitum diets may promote weight gain. Therefore,

 The contributions of carbohydrate and monounsaturated fat to energy intake should be

individualized based on nutrition assessment, metabolic profiles, and treatment goals.
 Non-nutritive sweeteners are safe when consumed within the acceptable daily intake
levels.
 Individuals receiving fixed daily insulin doses should try to be consistent in day-to-day
carbohydrate intake.

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  Eating the right amount of food will also help you manage your blood glucose level and
your weight.

 If you are overweight or have obesity, work with your health care team to create a
weight-loss plan.

 To lose weight, you need to eat fewer calories and replace less healthy foods with foods
lower in calories, fat, and sugar.
 Physical activity is an important part of managing your blood glucose level and staying
healthy.
RECOMMENDED MEDICINE:
Metformin is generally the preferred initial medication for treating type 2 diabetes unless there's
a specific reason not to use it. Metformin is effective, safe, and inexpensive. It may reduce the
risk of cardiovascular events. Metformin also has beneficial effects when it comes to reducing
A1C results.

MITIGATION:

Prevention is especially important if you're currently at an increased risk of type 2 diabetes

because of excess weight or obesity, high cholesterol, or a family history of diabetes. Eating a
diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy products and skimps on
saturated fat and cholesterol can lower your blood pressure by up to 11 mm Hg if you have high
blood pressure. This eating plan is known as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
(DASH) diet.

 Eat healthy plant foods. Plants provide vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates in your diet.
 If you are a current tobacco user. Smoking can contribute to insulin resistance, which can
lead to type 2 diabetes. Quitting has been shown to reduce this risk of type 2 diabetes
over time.  
 Drinking water instead of other beverages may help control blood sugar and insulin
levels, thereby reducing the risk of diabetes. 

CONCLUSION:

After proper treatment, nutritional dietary intake and exercise, after some time period the patient
was able to cope up with the disease though the diabetes or its symptoms remains lifelong but
still after proper cure the patient was able to lower the glucose level to the range of 100 mg/dl by
implementing the recommendations and mitigation steps which were provided to hamza by the
doctor.