base form say see sel eet shake shed shne shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit sleep slide smell speak speed spall ‘spend spl spn spt spoil spread simple pact said saw sold eat shook shed shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank eat slept slid smelled / smek ‘spoke sped / speeded spalled / spelt spent splled / spit spun spit / spat spoiled / spoilt spread past participle acid seen sold eet shaken shed ‘shone shot shown shrunk shut sing suk sat slept slg smeliod / smet ‘spoken ‘sped/ speeded spolled / spelt spent spilled / sptt spun spit/ spat spoiled / spoilt spread base form ‘spring stand steal ‘SUK sting stink strke sting swear ‘aweop ‘swing take teach toor tell think throw understand upset wake wear weave weep win wind wrte simple past eprang / oprung stood stole suck. stung stanke/ stunk struck strung swore swept swam ‘swung took taught tore told ‘thouaht threw understood upset woke / waked wore wove weot won wound wrote pest participle sprung stood stolen ‘tuck stung stunie struck / stricken strung sworn snept ‘swung taken taught tom told ‘thought thrown understeod upset woken / waked woven wept wen weer Scion appear’ appreciate astonish bet believe be'ong care ‘consist of ccontain cost “These verbs also have action meanings. Example: ueote dislica out envy equal exist fear feel” forgot hate have" imagine includet know like look tke look" love matter ‘mean mind neg owe own please possess prefor realize recognize remember" resemble be seem smell” sound suppose surprise tastot thinks understand want weigh" 1 see tree. (non-action) I'm seeing her tomorrow. (action) Verbs followed by a gerund acknowledge admit advise appreciate avoid can't help ‘celebrate ‘complete consider deay deny detest discontinue dizouse dislike don't mind onde enjoy escape explain feat ike finiah fogive give up imagine justily keep mention mina postpone Practice prevent provibit propose quit recall recommend report resent resist risk suggest support tolerate understand Expressions that can be followed by a gerund lame [someone or something] tor forgive [someone or something] for thank [someone or something] for be eauited abuet be woried about be responsible for be interested in bbe accused of bbe capable of bo fired of be accustomed to be committed to be opposen ww ‘be used to. complain about dream about / of talk about / of think about / oF ‘apologize for make an excuse for have a reason for beteve in participate in sucoaed in take advantage of take care of Insist on Took forward to keep [someone or something] rom prevert [someone or something] from stop [someone or something] from www.irLanguage.com Appendices A3Verbs followed directly by an infil atford choose agree claim appear consent arrange decide ask emand attempt deserve can't wait exnect care fai rm grow ‘mean hesitate eed nope pegieut bury cffer inven pay learn lan manage prepare pretend promise rehise request struggle swear threaten volunteer wat want wish would ke yearn Verbs followed by an object before an infinitive’ advise choose" allow convince asic enable bey ernvuraye cause cexmect™ challenge fonbic face get” ejp" instruct invite reed order pay pent poreuado promise’ remind request require teach ‘oll urge want” warn ‘woul ko? In the active voice, these verbs can be followed by the infinitive without an object (example: want to speak or want someone to speak. IRE Cee RET Lanes afraid content alarmed curious amazed delighted angry depressed anuous determined ashamed disappointed certain distressed “Example: m willing to accept that. Verbs that can be f with @ change in meani forget (+ gerund) innritve) regret (+ gerund) remember (+ gerund) deturbed eager easy embarrassed encourages excited fortunate forget something that happened forget something tnat needs to be done tegret a past action (+ infritive) = regret having te inform oomoono about an action temember something that happened alse happy hestant ‘kely wexy plessed G infintive) = tomember something that reeds to bo dono stop (+ gerund) stop a continuous action ( infiestiva) = stop in ordor to de something eens aleming = alarmed amazng =~ amazed amusing «amused annoying —_ annoyed astonishing — astonished boring = comforting - comfored confusing confused depressing — dopressed disappointing - disappointed disgusting —- disgusted disiressing ~ cistressed Aa sturbing embarrassing entertaining exciting exhausting fascinating ‘ightening horefying inspiring interesting iritating moving www.irLanguage.com alsturoed ‘embarrassed entertained excited ‘exhausted fascinated frightened horrified inspired interested iertated moves proud ready relieved reluctant sorry surprised touched upset wing without a changein meaning love preter start ty begin can’t stand continue hate like paralyzing pleasing relaxing satisfying shocking, soothing starting stimulating surprising terifying ting touching brane paralyzed pleased relaxed satisfied shocked sored siartied stimulated surprised terriied tired touched