Nama Kelompok 11:

1. Ade Nur Topik (B11.2020.05803) – Resume ppt & Video

2. Dian Ardhianti (B11.2020.06318) – menjawab pertanyaan studi kasus slide 24 (New To
The Touch)
3. Martha Erlinda Christi (B11.2020.06312) - Menjawab Pertanyaan Studi Kasus Slide
33(Green Computing)

RESUME

IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

IT infrastructure:
– Set of physical devices and software required to operate enterprise

– Set of firmwide services including:

• Computing platforms providing computing services

 • Telecommunications services

• Data management services

• Application software services

• Physical facilities management services

• IT management, standards, education, research and development services

– “Service platform” perspective more accurate view of value of investments

• Evolution of IT infrastructure

– General-purpose mainframe & minicomputer era: 1959 to present

• 1958 IBM first mainframes introduced

• 1965 Less expensive DEC minicomputers introduced

– Personal computer era: 1981 to present

• 1981 Introduction of IBM PC

• Proliferation in 80s, 90s resulted in growth of personal software

– Client/server era: 1983 to present

• Desktop clients networked to servers, with processing work split between

clients and servers

• Network may be two-tiered or multitiered (N-tiered)

• Various types of servers (network, application, Web)

• Evolution of IT infrastructure (cont.)

– Enterprise computing era: 1992 to present

• Move toward integrating disparate networks, applications using Internet

standards and enterprise applications

– Cloud Computing: 2000 to present

• Refers to a model of computing where firms and individuals obtain

computing power and software applications over the Internet or other
network

• Fastest growing form of computing

• Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution (cont.)

– Metcalfe’s Law and network economics

• Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the

number of network members

• As network members increase, more people want to use it (demand for

network access increases)

• Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution (cont.)

– Declining communication costs and the Internet

• An estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide have Internet access

• As communication costs fall toward a very small number and approach 0,

utilization of communication and computing facilities explodes

• Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution (cont.)

– Standards and network effects

• Technology standards:

• Specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the

ability to communicate in a network

• Unleash powerful economies of scale and result in price declines

as manufacturers focus on the products built to a single standard

• IT Infrastructure has 7 main components

– Computer hardware platforms

– Operating system platforms

– Enterprise software applications

– Data management and storage

– Networking/telecommunications platforms

– Internet platforms

– Consulting system integration services

• Data management and storage

 – Database software:

• IBM (DB2), Oracle, Microsoft (SQL Server), Sybase (Adaptive Server

Enterprise), MySQL

– Physical data storage:

• EMC Corp (large-scale systems), Seagate, Maxtor, Western Digital

– Storage area networks (SANs):

• Connect multiple storage devices on dedicated network

• Data management and storage

– Database software:

• IBM (DB2), Oracle, Microsoft (SQL Server), Sybase (Adaptive Server

Enterprise), MySQL

– Physical data storage:

• EMC Corp (large-scale systems), Seagate, Maxtor, Western Digital

– Storage area networks (SANs):

• Connect multiple storage devices on dedicated network

• Internet platforms

– Hardware, software, management services to support company Web sites,

(including Web hosting services) intranets, extranets

– Internet hardware server market: Dell, HP/Compaq, IBM

– Web development tools/suites: Microsoft (FrontPage, .NET) IBM (WebSphere)

Sun (Java), independent software developers: Adobe, RealMedia

• Consulting and system integration services

– Even large firms do not have resources for a full range of support for new,
complex infrastructure

– Software integration: ensuring new infrastructure works with legacy systems

– Legacy systems: older TPS created for mainframes that would be too costly to
replace or redesign
 – Accenture, IBM Global Services, EDS, Infosys, Wipro

Define IT infrastructure and describe its components. Identify and describe the stages and
technology drivers of IT infrastructure evolution. The services a firm is capable of providing to
its customers, suppliers, and employees are a direct function of its IT infrastructure. Ideally, this
infrastructure should support the firm’s business and information systems strategy. Consulting
services and system integration
Even large companies do not have the resources to fully support complex new infrastructure
Software integration: ensuring the new infrastructure works with the old system Old systems:
Old TPS built for mainframes that would be too expensive to replace or redesign Accenture,
IBM Global Services, EDS, Infosys, Wipro.

PERTANYAAN STUDI KASUS SLIDE 24 (NEW TO THE TOUCH)

1. What problems does multi-touch technology solve?

Jawab: Helps people with disabilities - Helps autistic students to speak to and
communicate with others.
 Replace the use of mouse and keyboard - For users who cannot grasp a mouse and want
the functionality of a PC. (e.g the Dell Latitude XT tablet.)

Minimize clutter with portable device - Such as the Android operating systems for
smartphones has support for multi-touch. Users can manage emails, contacts, calendars
and hold virtual meetings through a built-in webcam and microphone.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a multi-touch

interface?

Jawab: Extremely good for object manipulations - Touch, drag, “pinch” to zoom in and
out, slide finger up and down or sideways as if they were physical objects without
moving a mouse, pressing buttons or striking keys. For example,Perceptive Pixel offers
pressure-sensitive multi-touch displays that can sense an unlimited number of
simultaneous touches with accuracy and precision. Their displays come bundled with the
right software and have applications in broadcasting, medical imaging, data exploration,
digital storyboarding, industrial design and more.

More versatile than single-touch interfaces - as opposed to the single-touch screen, which
recognizes only one touch point. Multitouch interface allows one or more fingers to
perform gestures to manipulate objects.

Multi touch gestures are easier to remember than commands - Based on ingrained human
movement that do not have to be learned. touch is ideal for consuming/presenting
information. Because it is a more natural interface, it increases user productivity.

Collaborative use - before the multitouch technology was invented, even with computer
display connected to an external projector and another mouse, it was impossible for more
than one person to make edits when pulling together a PowerPoint presentation. There is
now an operating system that would support a minimum of dual input for “group
conversations” on a single workstation. Made editing easier as more than one person can
make edits to a project or presentations at the same time.

There are some disadvantages for the multi touch that might be a problem to some and to
others might be only a simple accommodation to new technology.

Eyes on
 Touch screen interfaces are nearly all “eyes on”. You cannot type by touch while your
eyes are occupied elsewhere like most cases of 12-17 year old kids than can text and type
without looking. With an all touch-screen interface you generally cannot start, stop, or
pause your MP3 player, for example, or close and answer your phone by reaching into
your pocket, purse, or briefcase like you usually do since you don't have a one
mechanical key to memorize it's location and operate eyes free. This risks serious
accidents for example if someone tries to operate a multi touch car radio while driving.

Hands on

Handheld devices that rely on touch screens for input require two hands to operate: one to
hold the device and the other to operate it. Thus, operating them generally requires both
eyes and both hands. Unlike the usual phones that can be operated and held using one
hand: one hand to hold the device and a finger of the same hand to operate it.

Fingers on

Your finger is not transparent: the smaller the touch screen, the more you obscure what is
being pointed at. That is why a stylus or pointer should be used: it is very skinny and
accurate in such a way that nothing on the screen gets obscured. There is a reason we
don’t rely on finger painting: even on large surfaces, writing or drawing with the finger is
generally not as effective as it is with a brush or stylus. And on small surfaces, it is even
more ineffective to try and draw or write with a finger.

This is a disadvantage as for note taking and writing as well as for applications for
drawing and design since it is ineffective, a stylus should be used instead to replace the
keyboard on a multi touch surface.

Prices

Prices of such devices might be too high at the beginning as it is for every new emerging
technology. That might be a disadvantage and people might refrain to buy it and be afraid
to try new stuff but eventually prices will continually decrease year after year until the
product reaches every customer it can in order to spread the new technology

3. Describe three business applications that would benefit from a

multi-touch interface.
 Jawab: The usefulness of multitouch interface are the change of interaction, engagement
with other new possibilities and the enhancement of teamwork.

There are three business applications that would benefit from a multitouch
interface are:
reading digital material (e-books / e-mail)
electronic signature software
project quote estimate.
The reading digital material such as e-books and e-mail should be supported with
pinch zoom function, easy to drag or double click and QWERTY on screen keyboard that
supported multitouch for 2 handed typing.

The electronic signature software should manage the document work flow, safely
and securely complete documents with legally-binding signatures in minutes from
everywhere, anytime and can SEND,TRACK, CHART and SIGN document.

The project quote estimate should have construction field estimator, make quotes
for clients and use 19 different calculators and estimators to estimate materials and costs.

4. What management, organization, and technology issues must be addressed if you or your
business was considering systems and computers with multitouch interfaces ?

Jawab: The management, organization, and technology issues must be addressed if my

business was considering systems and computers with multitouch interfaces such as the
employees who are not technology-savvy, psychological resistance to change, growing
technology with the introduction of new and better gadgetry, high costs, redundancy with
similar feature different gadgets and intrusiveness with negative impression.

Pertanyaan slide 33 (Green Computing)

1. What business and social problems does data center power consumption cause?
Business problems:
Businesses have to pay for the power their servers needed and then they need to pay again to
keep the servers cool and stay operational. It is one of the source of their cost for the business.
Cooling the server requires roughly about the same number of kilowatts of energy that required
to run the server.
Social problems:
Excessive power consumption uses a vast amount of electricity that must be generated through
hydroelectric plants or coal-fired power plants. Coal-fired power plants generate huge amounts
of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which some scientists and politicians claim is a major
cause of global warming.
2. What solutions are available for these problems? Are they management, organizational, or
technology solutions?
Answer:
A few solutions for cutting the power consumption discussed in the case study are a good
beginning.
Management:
Companies should first educate the employees on the “green” mind set. Employees should
understand and abiding by policies in which they should turn their PCs off when it is not in use.
It might not bring huge effect in the short term but it helps in the cost and energy saving for long
term if they practise it continuously.
Organizational:
Companies can build data centers that take advantage of hydroelectric power generation rather
than coal-fired power plants. Companies should also practise and support the renewable energy
projects no matter in terms of money or energy and to spread the knowledge on what is the issue
caused by excessive used of power consumption and how to reduce power consumption.
Technology:
Perhaps the most environment-friendly solutions are those that control the hardware and
software, thereby controlling the problem at its source. Virtualization holds great promise as a
way to reduce power requirements by reducing the number of servers required to run
applications.
3. What are the business benefits and costs of these solutions?
Answer: Even though it may cost the business up-front money to install hardware and software
that help to reduce power requirements, but it will save a business a lot of money in the long run
by reducing the amount it pays for electricity to run the equipment and cooling it at the same
time. As well, businesses that reduce their power needs help the environment to stay healthy to
everyone and can promote themselves as environment-friendly and it helps to build up good
reputation for the company.
4. Should all firms move toward green computing? Why or why not?
Answer: I think that all firms should put some efforts in promoting green computing and reduce
their power requirements as it helps to develop a healthy environment where all of us need to
survive in this environment. It might be costly when we first started to practice it but it will
definitely bring benefits in the long run, for instances, cutting down a lot of costs for the
company and it reduced impacts on environmental and human health effectively where all of this
are priceless. All businesses have the responsibility to help to minimize the energy consumption
by educating the consumers on efficient ways to keep power usage low as it will bring benefits in
the future.