Particles @ Nol/7t @ng/e @nz/s ® N22, N(olzt, NSE @ ne @ Nol @ @ Nol @ © Nol @® NOW NZI, NS#E1 NZI ® Notlzi/stel @N= @ net © N#toll @NS)z2 & NOL D ® NOL @ @ne ® NAH, NZ] ® N=ct ® NolctWA} Fork, The weather is nice. NS] S-E7} AUB, ‘Along time ago, there was a princess. AZ| AE AED. There's Jaojun coring (this way), Grammar Focus 1 0]/7} is added to the end of a subject to designate it as the subject of the sentence. For words ending a vowel, 7} is added, and for werds ending in a consonant, O| is added, +29 SS Fog, Joe! eats bread, ‘When 7} is added to Lt, H, and 5-1, they combine as follows: WW MME ete | + U7 EEO, tm Richa. U7} RIMS OIR. Ox) + R7t SEA, M11 do it AI} BAAR. (2) + 457} BASHMOLD? Who wil clean up? SE F7t AASHOID? (X) Particle GSom 4. Some friends have gathered to have a party. What will each of the following people be doing? Look at the pictures and fill In the blanks using 0|/?}. @) A 7} ARS BS Age? 8B A @) a 4-7} Alle ths Aaa? B Alas wes Ada, @) 4 2h, +7} SEES 4 74e]82 B Of, Ere Ta, (4) & “12]5t +7} Shs Su) e 7] 2? __ She Ene Aaa. 2 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 01/7}. @ a WA He, ee Bau wells, ¢ > 8) a | co =P) Alsiglola,ehgsPIN? Als Woleya, Hello, 'm Dane, Be 7p AM, SYS Wt obs, [My older brother is tall. My younger brother Is short HU Ae PSS AHR, APA Se KAA, Bud! is good at sports. Studying, however, is net his forte 1 £/£ designates the topic, or the target of exposition, of a particular sentence or group of sentences. Thus it means the same as ‘as for’ or ‘regarding’. For words ending in a vowel, = is added, and for words ending in a consonant, 2 is added. oA te Ae, I'm Korean, + 2] AE ML: ASIC, Richard is 29 years od AAIS TAD, matewer 2 2/£'s also used when referring to something mentioned earlier in a conversation or when talking about something already known by both sides in the conversation. In other words, 2/= is used when expressing ‘old! information +e Wiel ALAS gba, AST AE elo go}, Iiimeet Yoko tomrrow. Yoko came from Japen, + ASS Flo} FBO] Zio} A, 4G. AE OMBEH HOLA, | went to New York last year. New York was really beautiful. + ghee] Ghd} BOL. LAH: obo }so] FY slo a. (Once upon a time, there lived a man. He had two sons. 3, ParticlesIn Conversation 2/¢ is used when comparing or contrasting two things, and, in such cases, it can be attached not only to subjects but also the objects or other parts of the sentence + PAS ols} Ao oa, Tale See es} ARCA, Eric is American. Junho, howeve, is Korean. (eubject comparison) AS She SR, 181th OFS Sols} Bop, {Ike soccer However, | dont cara for basaball (@bject contrast) + APSA eo] HOUR. SARE bMS 9] 2] Osho} a. ‘Snow fen Seoul In Pusan, however, snow did not fall (location contrast) AAS 0129 Do you have apples? BOR] A, WE OLA. No, (but) we have peers. (alludes to the fact that while there are no apples, there are, however, pears) Derr rani eer nee ect ies ALES 7188 Soke. MOWAZ SlAfol2. | AIBEE S02 ABS SSO UHL. & A HEY 2}99] Fa] 2? 'A What do your parents do? B CHAZ = SA} ola, B My father isa company employee, Jalal UL AAPQoo.2, ‘And my mother is a teacher. A Es} uj? A How's Tokyo? BEE Bo] Bea. B Tokyo is really crowded, A Megs}? aS Bach, 4s Hell, I'm Dane, B gaa? as AB a, 8 Hell I'm Caro. 'm American. “is ARB) A,A The following is Tiruen’s self-introduction. Read it and fill in the blanks appropriately with 2/=. PIAL? (1) Al Ole BSA 2, @ 4 aE Aree) ofR. @ A De eeo|a, a) seo] ols SH e12. Ae 71H] 3S 2 918. 6) OFA] Sola, @ 2el2 oe AA oleso, @s4__ Hea, @ S3__ BS Sora, @) A__ SS Sr AS, AA SSS Bo] HB, 10) TSA TY__—- HAYA. 2 Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 2/. () 9] ARE 24) Aaa. 2) 33 4 Ss Hol AoAi $to1.2., @) 2°) H2., MAS Heche, ) Me] Tel] ool, we] ob} go} a. 3. ParticlesHe At BSH BLA, _ Bugi watches a movie opi} ABS goa. Dad reads the newspaper. RS 7} SS Bojan, ‘Yoko listens to music. Grammar Focus The object particle &/# is added to a noun to express that the noun is the object of the sentence. For nouns ending in a vowel, Sis added, and for nouns ending in a consonant, & is added. Common verbs that require this object particle include YC} (to eat), OLAICH (to drink), SOFSHC {to like), SCF (to read), EAC (to see), BHLICH (to meet), ACH (to buy), 7HEAICH (to teach), HECK (to learn), and AAC} (to write), In colloquial speech, /Z is sometimes omitted. eter nakcmcneae AME OS S202 Sate Bie dee 2 ape vue Ades ue TEE A Rei2 nee SS ace 2In Conversation ATE SES Sra? ‘A What kind of exercise do you like? BSS Soha, B | like soccer, A PAS wea? ‘A What do you study? BUS MAR, B I study Korean, A 23 8 Bh} a? A Who will you meet todey? BoA} FS why, 8 I'l meet my aiffend, <> ae © N+ dtc}—neatct ‘When 2/3 is omitted from verbs like 3 Sich, +8 Sic}, SEZ SIch, and 4144S atch, the form becomes shortened to a single one-word form: BIC, Balch SEI, and Awstc}. However, for the verbs Bojstc} and Mofstch, because SOP and AJO{— are not nouns, the forms BopstC} and ‘A0}3HCH are the one-word verb forms, @ Asi27 ‘The question noun 794 can be shortened to 70), which can be further shortened to 9. Thus, the question #5 3127 can be shortened to @! aif22, which can be further shortened to 4 sh22? This form is often used in conversation. a F015 + F918 8197 — 9IB 819? — § 212? — 9 #427 om Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using #/S. (2) A RP 7} SS: 0? A Se] APE SS aha? pe BELO. paso] gla, 8 >, a x7} Hea? B éAs Hs} Ble Soraya, e | like watermelons and strawberries, (= AS G71 HUhS Fopsi.a.) i srr wri ofa] 7PaeLeF BAKE ALLS, Sei Sara ne ba (= 14 BA PHS aoe.) Yesterday, | bought a hat and a bag. I'l have a hamburger andi coke, please. Grammar Focus ‘1 These particles express the listing of various things or people and correspond to ‘and’ in English. 2/2} is used mainly in writing, presentations, and speeches while (0|)@f and S}1 are used in everyday conversation. For nouns ending in a vowel, 2f or Zt is used, and for nouns ending in a consonant, Zor O|2f is used. StI is used regardless of whether a final consonant is present. eto saints ota ee Dene ar Runecut ou ies RSH HAO] VSUCL AZo SAS SUCt SOPSS OWS S]AfoH] 742. | - SMe Ae O0/ARBS Sosa, sais biel ic Aol2. RAD SSS S AZ, | 2 These particles can also indicate the target with which the subject performs an action and ‘correspond to '(together) with’ in English. When indicating such a relationship, Zt0| and Sta] normally follow the particle. + Uj ZPepSt Ze] BOS = 7Jo]A. | plan to see a movie (together) with my friend tomorrow.+ 7SS BA FBS 7D Aon, I want to go on a trip (together) with my family. + $2] Abst Zo] AAlebots Shall we have lunch (together) with the teacher? In Conversation ~- @ ee A Wolf +7} WS47? ‘A Who's in the classroom? BAS Ha BRS] euch, 8 The teacher and students (are in the classroom). A BE LAS Sopa a7 's What kind of food do you like? BWM BS Sorea, 8 | like naengmyeon and kimbab. ann —— ae © When functioning as particles to list things, (0)}@ and 8132 can be added to the final noun in the list, but 21/3} cannot. + BIXIE IIS AOI (0) + HiNtoia 7Hate 4tO1g. (0) + HIZIS 7S A012. (0) | bought pants and « 6ag. + 201g 7/WOle 2, (0) + RSID 71WSI AE, (0) + RD} HETERO) I buy clothes and a bag @ Although 21/2}, (0))2, and 8121 can all be used similarly to list things, they cannot be mixed within the same sentence. + Hie S7ISt UILILIota. Bolt AS Sores. (x) + HE 71S} MHLW} Bat ZS BOS, (0) | tke strawberies, bananas, tangerines, and persimmons. “ME B716D ULL BED AS Holei2 (oc) + HS 7/2 BLL! Bola 2H@ Bolsta. (0) a) ATRE SHHL? A Of Moly EB Blo}? eae 2 oak ws 718 Beta, ola, AS Fam o¥e . ee 2 Hea? 5 age | waa, CeIAS Ase] Zola, G oa Ae] Aoloja.,) This is Wesley's book one Hr as] Aa aluct, Go#e Fo 4 Aad.) ‘This is Bud's teacher Al ole BSL, © AS] eS BSq]Uth.) ‘My name is Yoko. Grammar Focus 2] expresses the possessive relationship of the first noun being the possessor of the second noun. It corresponds to the possessive ‘of’ or (Noun)'s’, in English. When 9 is used in this possessive sense, it can be pronounced as either [2]] or [04[] although [0f[] is used most often. Furthermore, the particle 21 is often omitted in colloquial speech. In the case of pronouns representing people, such as Lf, A, and L}, rather than being omitted, 2] combines with each to form L}2] — LH, 742] — A], and L42} — Ui. Ina sentence, 21 is placed between the possessor and the possession AINE] OfO4L) (= ALAS ofD{L)) alo| May (= 22] Mate) Lio} ai /uy a AQ] 018 /A 01 49] AH/t4 2 a @In Conversation A ORS SPS} OAH? a AS mo] 2abeluep, A ORS FFPel] 2? B Ale AS] oejyaa, A 13°] Hele? 8 7) BS oe 42, ‘A Whose umbrella is this? 8 It's Jacjun's umbrella ‘A Who is this person? 8 (She's) Jason's mother. ‘A What's your name? 8 My name is Lee Minu, When referring to a group with which one is associated (home, family, company, country, or school), it is common to use the pronouns $21/7481 in place of Lt Also, $22] is used in place of Mf and Ly when referring to one’ family members. However, in the case of 44, 4 4 and | S24 are used more often than $2] S44 (our younger brother/sister). + Ul I fy house) a + UH 7% omy fami = + AL SIAF my company) A L&E my country) = + A S22 (my school) = + Uf CICA ony mother) = + a Of (my fatnor = + 2 SILI imy older sister) = + HA EBY/OFLH (my husbandinile) > + Ail /OHS (my daughter/son) i “7A 48 (my younger brotherisister) 221 &I (my/ow house) 22 21% onfour fami » 22] BIA} (my/our company) P2lL42t ¢myfour country) 22] Bf (mur achoo) $221 O101L1 ¢myfourmotner 22] OFSAL eryfourftnen $22] 214] rylour aldor ston 22) EIBVOLA (ny husbanchwie) 22] S/O1E (you deugmeis0n) ‘When showing respect to the listener, 34, the humble from of $224, is used. Examples include #18) 0{0{ U and %43) O}:4), However, when referring to one's country, only 22|L{21 is used, not X18] Lie}. tetera 9. ParticlesLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks using 21. A ole 9] 7h¥oloH.22 8 7HHoIoH. A) A TRE 79] 2}zoloh.a? 3 aigelel2. (E] a) A 7 PARES TPQ? B (2s, 29 A ORES PaO? Bolte (221, of4U))AT} BFA Oh. My friend is coming to Korea. So] eta] ys, IMy little brother goas to school the dol] seo] Soya. | go back to my hometown next month. Grammar Focus 1 | is used mainly with the verbs JIC} (to go), SCF (to come}, CHIC} (to attend/commute), OLICK (to return), SEAFSHC} (to arrive), BELECE (to go up), and LYBA7ECH (to go down), It expresses the direction in which a particular behavior proceeds. It corresponds to ‘to’ in English. ‘OHS! SIAtoH 74S el Nol QH2 Blo CHS 2 Ollis also used with QIC} and Q{C} to express the location of a person or thing. It comesponds to ‘in’ or ‘on’ in English. (See also Getting Ready 02 2Ic} (to be)) + St Ha] BOrA|7} Noa. The dog is on the sola. + Ale Boll 1714S} $480] ois. Right now my mother and Ile brother/sister are in the house. 3.Paticles 8In Conversation A elejoy 7422 A Where are you going? B Ys}go] 7-2, 8 I'm going to the department store. A Sal M7} AYA TPElo] 9-89 {A Is Yoko coming to the birthday party? Boh, gabe, ihrer leet, A QS QF} HL? 1k Wat wil you do tis aternoon? B Aaa 72, 8 I'm going tothe bookstore. Look at the pictures and fil in the blanks using ol. A Aa AZ} olc}ol] 73:2.2 8 A Le 7 thts SARL? BY, SURIL, 23 A Ale SJ] Ofc gloja? B A ASP )7} 144] 3ho}.2.? BAl OF 8A} Bopp, Bae | wake up at 8:00 in the morning, 3H 22] Ayo] Bole. | came to Korea on March 2, ELM] wh}, ‘See you on Saturday. iis also added to nouns that indicate time and expresses the time when some action, event, or situation occurs. It corresponds to ‘at’ or ‘on’ in English. Off can also combine with the particles = and & to form OE and Of. eran Riu 200904), 4}A0il Hol, LAOH Aol, XILHIOL, Olt SoH, CHS Glo | Day 48 1820), AGLOH, ofZI0/LioH, ==21AcLAoH | Day of Week ALaol, |2Lol, Aol Time : BE Alo}, S240}, SoH, oF oH, 74H Season ‘ol, O1Rol, 7101, 71201 8, ParticlesOf the nouns that indicate time, Of] cannot be added to 1%] (= 171A) (the day before yesterday), O1AIl (= O12471)) (yesterday), SS (today), LHL! (tomorrow), 224 (the day after tomorrow), or 2471] (when). + lalla Atel a. (x) — o}] A548 Bela, (0) I met my friend yesterday, Lol BSE S Aaa. (x) — Wel BHF B AaB, (0) | plan to see a movie tomorrow. = Mao] Ae 7-22 (x) — Mal DEH 7:27 (0) ‘When will you go to Japan? In Conversation A HE B Ale] 22? ‘A What time do you normally go to sleep? Be YT 11 Jo 28, B Lusually go to sleep et 11:00 PM. A Al Deol] Bors Aaa? ‘A When will you go back to your hometown? B Ud 62] Sols Aa. B I plan to go back in June of next year. A RH AZbO] Voda? ‘4 Do you have time on the weekend? BY], Fete A1zto] gloda. B Yes, Ihave time on tha weekend ‘When more than one noun representing time is used in a sentence, then ol is added to the final noun only. + 4S F0] SSQo| O*0} 104) sowol eILIS. (x) — 12 = SVU OM 104) so#ol BIS. (0) Let's mest next Saturday at 10:30 A.M. g| Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using oj. A B99) BR Z)o] B48? 2 A MR] Ha] Boia? 8 a Bl AS] Ae] me]S ola] aa? B Ar] Ae ea] Aza? B® aio] 719, Aso] FAS a0, I'm going to school. | study at school. Sse] oA, SAAT BEES HOLA, | wont to the theater. | saw a movie at the theater. Adel J Aaa. ASIA WS AS Ais, ''m going to the cafeteria, I'll eat at the cafeteria. Grammar Focus OI|AY is added to the end of nouns to express the place at which some action or behavior occurs. It corresponds to ‘at’ or ‘in’ in English. HSESOI Aso, SALA S312. PABOIM BAB SUS. ANigOlAl 7iN}e OAS, | UASeOI Sete,In Conversation A ojcjol]A| 4t0}.2.? BASHA Aoh-2. ‘A Where do you live? B I live in Seoul A O17] ol 2? BBS ATS titolg. AUS 4 S422 A What will you do toriorrow? B EAM BR Aaa, 8 study atthe tibary ex> or = When used before the verb AICf, the particles o| and Af can both be used. There is very litle difference ‘in meaning. + HE MOl AOID (0) Describes the stale of iving or existing in Secu!) + HE MGIA{ 410}. (©) (Emphasizes the actor bohavor of Iving in Saou!) ‘A What did you do yesterday? 8 | met my friend at Myeongdong, Pa aT Indicates the place where a person or thing is located or moves and is mainly used with verbs denoting movement, location, or existence. + ABS Hao Qo12. (0) ity Hal isn Seoul + HoH 104210) BiOL2. (©) “The hovse does not have an air conditioner. o Alsen Ue eis. Go} + SiO SIROHE HHO, (0) oH BOIS MIHOID, (x) (learned ne Koran language a acho. Indicates the place where an action occurs and is used with a variety of verbs. + AIS MBOIA 2042, (0) + HlOWAY O10}Z40| SiOHR. (><) + AISOIAL SHS e012. (0) | eatin the dining room. BPatcesLook at the pictures and fill in the blanks using oll. 4 OTSA e922 8 a o}cloyy labs E22 B A EQS] Fe Aa? B A 9} 20) 3] glo}?Sal A) Ase. I walked home from school. ASMA HAbAZ| AI] Gap Az2? How long does it take to gat from Seoul to Busan? 2A SABE OF SAI) Lah, Twork from 9:00 A.M. until 5:00 P.M. Grammar Focus ‘These particles express the physical or temporal range over which an action or event occurs and correspond to ‘from... to...’ and ‘from... until...’ in English. When expressing physical locations, normally ‘Noundi]44 Noun)" is used, and when expressing a range of time, ‘Noun5#E] Noun?}X| is used. Sometimes, however, both expressions can be used with no distinction. ea MN gle i hore CG HOA Sta7}2| HAS 202 Baye, AMAZE QS 1A\HE 2AAIQLCH. SRO SEMA wR B+ YUoig, BLUSE] SLI7|| S{inol| 7-2, 42/01 7 EX] SE O|EX(m)oH 2? THE SBA] BSlOlo|2. (= O17 EA |74| & O|E{(m)ol2?) (= 7 BoA] 8B7| BSt0jo2.)In Conversation & A 47] Sht7}4| Bola? 4 Is it far from here to school? BU), HAR AS aaa, 8 Yes, it takes about one hour by bus. AO} EARS ELV] ZS YY? A lettin tora open on Saturdays? BY, HAUS Oa 10x}24] 8 Yes, on Saturdays, i's open from 10 AM. unl 4 PM. 2% 4x)7A] AUCH, A SSA STH] 0] i] 712.2 ——_& How do you get from Myeongdong to Dongdaemun? B Ae-a 48.442 Eb! 7p 2, 8 Please take subway line 4 gous Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using either O1A{~7IXI or S=1~717|. KAS AP art ag? 8 Ha7|= It aed, A any deja? 8 74A= 10H Aaa, AB ALPE] # Al742) Aalalztolo}. 2? 8 2+ 14] 2A] aac, A UATE] Cal7}4] Stat el). 8 shal S12. (10, 8-10, 10)27} AS Al ABS Suh. ‘> Jagjun gives a present to Gero. AAS] ASH] Usho1S 7S AC, ‘The teacher teaches Korean to the students, SHO] AR US AL, My litle sister feeds the dog. Grammar Focus [24] SHE] are added to nouns representing people or other living creatures and indicates that the noun is the recipient or target of an action. $tEl] is more colloquial than O4{74]. Of|71|/StEl] are only used when the preceding noun is a person or other living creature. Otherwise, (for plants, things, places, etc.) Oj] is used, 0{|2i[/StEl| cannot be used with all verbs. The limited number of verbs they can be used with include ECT (to give), MBIT (to give a present), FIAIC} (to throw), EALHC} (to send), 542 |Cf (to ship/send), OIC} (to attach), ACH (to write), AS}SH} (to phone), BC (to ask), 7HERICt (to teach), BSHLH (to speak), BICt (to sell, 7ECf (to go), and QC} (to come), or eer lie Vs | MTU wea ccc hol AS | ol 2S AQ Rola ARS LYS HzO] AVS sys AMA Be S|Atoi] Boje s a pete MeHe AHPAlol| TBH Of |7} Sobstell Sta Bt Fel Soll 212.In Conversation A ete] Bz}S AB? ‘A Who are you writing a latter to? B We Bee] ANS AB, B Fim writing a letter to my friend back home. A 2 BS 4122 ‘A Why did you buy flowers? B oz} Aete] AST Aaa. BT golngto give nem to my gitend as a present A Ag, Gh Bale SPS 7} A Teacher, ha isthe phone number for Namsan Mo] 2? Seen a ujgs|a, 2 Sepa, fm sory, but | don't know, Please cal iactony 1140] alata waa, sssstance at) 114 <> © When giving or doing something for someone equal or lower in social status than the speaker, oli FECt is used. However, when the target of the action is someone of higher social status to whom the speaker must show respect, the honorific 7 is used in place of O71/8#2H, and 2c} is used in place of Cp. (See also Introduction to the Korean Language 5. Honorific Expressions) US BONA ABS SQBUICH — Ue Rolex Me SROLICt {gave a precent 0 my Grarcna + ARIEIOUH Mehe SRELICL — API SRS Smet, | rade cal to the bess, + OfuIAlOHAA SEMELICE — OFX SHR RRALICH tld my fates, @ When receiving or learning something from another person, OJ] ZEC}/HHECH or BIELAY WIC /EHS Chis used, Aj can also be omitted, in which case the expression becomes Of7|| ¥C1/4} 2c} or Stel] Wt Hvac. When the thing being received or learned comes from a person of higher social status, the ‘honorific 74 is used in place of olf}Ai and ZEAL + Uy) SRL FOIA LES wRSLCh = HH Meol Aol MES wersucy, | got a present tom my enc: on my birthday. + ORO HEIDE SIRS HeRSLICH, INearnad Korean from my eactor, Lee veonge. + ORS cf Sto}ilxtal GLxtS weRIALIC. Heared Chinese characters from my grandfather when Iwas Iie, ORO AMM StEH SIRS UH SE UC.Look et the pictures and fill in the blanks using oll7i)/ste!. Ma 7h tb 7 Asa, ole) 7} aa 282 28d. a At. $e aac. BS AE ee ec.Oe We Ue AOA. @ Ae]at ARE = AOlo A, Mukul Is Indian, And his friend is also Indian. onal 717} Ag, 2D A= 7I7} AQ, My father is tal, And | am tall, too. 24 Ae ABS Sora, 2e]a a7|= Soraya. Wang Jing likes applas. And she likes strawberries, too, Grammar Focus . Eis used after subject and object nouns to express the listing of subjects and objects or the addition of a subject or object to one mentioned previously. This meaning corresponds to ‘also’ or ‘too’ in English. Ute She APBIQILIC], ela SIAR St APB ALC}. OBIXHE 0] GSLICL Tala ZH BRSLICL. Ube ABS BOrsicich. ela ets SopsiLict. US SSS SUC. dala Sse SBUch. When added to a subject particle, the subject particle is omitted, leaving only 5. Ue BS Aol a. Dalal AHS sy Ape}, (x) the ay Apa, Dela Ze SF AN o]eH.a. (0) I'm Korean, And my friend is also Korean.Similarly, when added to the object particle, S/H Is omitted, leaving only =. + Us= AHS Sopsya, De]at 7] Solas, (x) — Ute ASHE $opsHM, De]at G7] = FopsyA, (0) Like apples. Andi (ike) strawberries, too. When & is added to particles other than subject or object particles, however, the other particle is net omitted. + Deo] AY} Vola. Deja v)Hopse AP Boia. (0) | have a friend in Japan. And (\ have a friend) in the USA, too. Azo] AY} Qol2, Te} w]e AY} Qo}B. (x) + Aoi BPO, TelT. EAROPTE Beaha, (0) | study at home. And (| study) in the library, too. AA BHAA, Del EAE BHAA. (x) + APOHA ASS FUR. Deja! SYM ASS FUR. (0) | gave a present to my friend. And ( gave a present) to my younger sister, to0. ASA AES $O1O. 2171 HAE ALS FOIA, (x) In Conversation dieck, \S2/ A Foe WS Ao]9? A What will you have to eat? a Hehe Fe Jala, 8 ("i have bibimbap. And I'l have doenjang stew, too Ae|n Sabai IS Falls, ALE TAS HAR? 'A What do you study these days? B erolS ua. B I study Korean, And | also learn taekwondo. Ae|T YAS ye, A OA] BA Belo] +7} Qoj.a? ‘A Who came to the birthday party yesterday? B Ube 27} Soja, 8 Martin came. And Yoko also came. Az|T QS WE Zea, 9,Particies 95Look at the pictures and fill in the blanks using =. a FE S412 Solel? SEIS Fog, Jen vet Fora, 4 A Ye7k eH 29 ie 8 SEQ 7} aah a 2R* Yy ® & daa A ofa HE Bio} a? Bas. : ae] of ast A A AHA POLS ate] 2? Bas aaaa 2 Bato] a ANE Ho}2., Coat Se) ag at a aes TH AS ofa et FolQ, w7|" Bola, Dane doesn't eat vegetables. (He) only eats meat. SER 7th a] AB, Please wait for just five minutes. Grammar Focus Gt expresses the choosing of one thing to the exclusion of other things. It corresponds to ‘only’ or ‘just’ in English. When used after a number, it can also mean ‘minimum’. It is used by adding @t to the end of the word being chosen or being stated to the exclusion of other things. | JHE! MIS UEXIBE CIO. Carol only wears pants, AASS BLU so12. ‘That restaurant is closed on Mondays only. SeAS| AILIDY MILE AFZISt 74012 | will love only Jennifer for eternity. F2| Ole SF SY AlVet aa, Our child just plays games all day long. The particle 2t can be used either in place of the particles O[/7}, 2/+, and S/, or it can be used together with them. When used together, Bt is added first, followed by O|, &, or &, to form B40], St ©. and BS. + £O10 Feho] YeIo}a, (0) = Aco] upstol gstsHo4a. (0) ‘Only Junho was accepted to the university. sedi te ake of alot is}atet gloia, (0) =H1Oe HE We ct gla WOES glola, (0) bu ics boc bead ne otter ackHowever, when used with particies other than O|/7}, 2/=, and S/S, Bt comes after the particle, to form OAIEE, OMAIBE, and HEXIBE, for example. + F2] SS LOA SPSS BoA SHS] BOHR. (0) Our daughter studies only at school, and doesn't study at home. FASS FMA SPAS DOA SSH] BOHR. (x) + BS MOA ARS BL (0) | gave a present just to Junho. ES WPA ASS BAB. 00) = AOS AE 12A|7}2| 8k BALS}a! A}. (0) Jason studies only until 12 o'clock, and then sleeps. Alles ARS 1A REMALRE SPST! AEB. (x) In Conversation & A BYE] ct oa? ‘A Have all the students arrived? B Ft] AR et Yoja, 8 Only Budi hasn't arrived. 2 spe oh sola, The others have all arrived. A Aso] Aas} 2 OAR? ‘A Do you take both sugar and cream in your coffee? B age go} Fala, 8 dust sugar, please. oes Look at the pictures end fill in the bianks using 2. AAD AS} QA] LEO] A}zo/o}. 2? Borys, HS a) a SHOE AAS Wola? 8 hye, (#24) a dee] AIAE BA} DS a2? Bora, cn)Aap} & 7Hebell ek gror a. There's only one apple left. WAL] rere Bola, ‘There's nothing but milk in the refrigerator. ASS 7S wsrel.2, @ | only received one present. f0l] expresses the only thing or option available, with no possibility of anything else. It corresponds. to ‘only’ or ‘nothing but’ in English. The word that comes before $f04| has a connotation of being very small or few in number, and @ negative form must follow it. Deen ot (= XI SCH) ea SP4B0| F Sytoll et Boia. cela & (= -2| Ratt) A SORE AS Bt 7Hsfol S ALS. gag SA0| RS Holl Coie, B22 Rote ‘Chsshila’stol Bele. Aithough 4fO!l is always followed by a negative form, it cannot be followed by OFLC, nor can it be followed by imperative or propositive forms. NFS SYReteH OF oR. () + EDES ZrO] AL] ob. (x) — 3. Particles= 10231 7132} Wale. (0) — 108SE EATER. (0) Let's wait just 10 minutes. (Compare with Unit 3. Particles 12 21,16 N(O})Lt ©) In Conversation @ A LAS Bo] egloya? {k Did you read much of that book? B Oey cl Sto] # gi gio] a 8 It's difficult, so | could only read five pages. A sHE}o] AlZHSO] yo] $0189 {A Did alot of people come to the party? B {08S 212, B I invited 30 people, but only 20 came. Ae] 2OYHToH et SB. A Alzto] Siaptt gk] 27 ‘A How much time is left? B LOH] ek skola. 8 There ar only 10 minutes remaining, “The particles $fol and @! have similar meanings, but while @t can be used in both positive and negative sentences, ¥foll is used in negative sentences only. + AION HE Io 2042. (x) + MOIS TIE lpr 2012. (0) BAO AHE AlstoH Bote. (0) Only Jaen i inthe classroom, ‘Only vacjun is in the classrooms. BANE x1 alot Bole. (0) + AHO 2122804 A012. (x) Everyone but daejun isin the classroom, PHO TIgA¥IOL Gt ALOIS. (0) {Al the other students are preaent) ‘only bought ruta he store + 7ptORA wkBlet Atois. (0) |only bought fruit atthe stor. PIOLA BIE 2 ALOIS. (0) "bought things other than fruit at the store, {bought all the other ingredients)