Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effect and Special Precaution Nursing

Mechanism of Contraindications Adverse Effect Responsibilities

Action
Generic Name: Classification: Indications: Side Effect: ✔ Monitor patient
Azithromycin for
Therapeutic class: Azithromycin is an Warnings: superinfection.
Trade/ Brand Antibiotic antibiotic that fights ✔ Feeling sick ✔ You should not Drug may cause
Name: bacteria. (nausea) use azithromycin overgrowth of
Zithromax Pharmacologic Azithromycin is used ✔ Diarrhoea or being if you have ever nonsusceptible
class: to treat many sick (vomiting) had jaundice or bacteria or fungi.
Dosage: Macrolide different types of ✔ Losing appetite liver problems ✔ If patient vomits
500 mg infections caused by ✔ Headaches when you have within 60 minutes
Action: bacteria, such as ✔ Feeling dizzy or previously taken of taking Zmax,
Route: respiratory tired. this medicine. notify prescriber;
IVTT Binds to the 50S infections, skin ✔ Changes in sense of additional or
subunit of bacterial infections, ear taste. different therapy
Oral(discharge) ribosomes, blocking infections, eye Before taking this may be needed.
protein synthesis; infections, and medicine: ✔ Monitor patient
Frequency and bacteriostatic or sexually transmitted for allergic and
timing: bactericidal, diseases. ✔ You should not skin reactions.
Q12h – 8:00 AM- depending on use azithromycin Discontinue drug
8:00 PM concentration. if you are allergic if reactions occur.
to it, or if: Be aware that
2 ½(discharge) allergic
✔ You have ever symptoms may
had jaundice or recur when
Contraindications:
 liver problems symtomatic
Contraindicated with Adverse Effect: caused by taking therapy is
hypersensitivity to azithromycin discontinued;
azithromycin, ✔ CNS: fatigue, patient may
erythromycin or any headache, ✔ To make sure require prolonged
macrolide antibiotic somnolence, azithromycin is monitoring and
and in hepatic dizziness safe for you, tell treatment.
disease. ✔ CV: chest pain, your doctor if you ✔ Monitor patient
Use with caution in palpitations have ever had: for jaundice,
renal failure. ✔ EENT: eye hepatotoxicity,
irratation ● Liver disease; and hepatitis.
(opthalmic) ● Kidney Discontinue drug
✔ GI: abdominal disease; immediately if
pain, anorexia, ● Myasthenia signs and
diarrhea, nausea, gravis; symptoms
vomiting, ● A heart (yellowing of
pseudomembranous rhythm skin or sclera,
colitis, dyspepsia, disorder; abdominal pain,
flatunence, melena ● Low levels of nausea, vomiting,
✔ GU: candidiasis, potassium in dark urine) occur.
nephritis, vaginitis your blood; or
✔ Hepatic: ● Long QT
cholestatic jaundice syndrome (in
✔ Skin: you or a
photosensitivity family
reactions, rash, member).
pruritus
✔ Other: angioedema
 Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effect and Special Precaution Nursing
Mechanism of Contraindications Adverse Effect Responsibilities
Action
Generic Name: Classification: Indications: Side Effect: Use cautiously in ✔ Check for the
Fluconazole To suppress relapse patients doctor's order.
Therapeutic class: of cryptococcal ✔ Headache hypersensitive to
Trade/ Brand Antifungals meningitis in patients ✔ Diarrhea other antifungal ✔ Tell patient to
Name: with AIDS ✔ Nausea or upset azole compounds. take drug as
Diflucan Pharmacologic stomach Oral suspension directed, even
class: ✔ Dizziness contains sucrose and after feeling
Dosage: Triazoles Contraindications: ✔ Stomach pain shouldn’t be used in better.
150mg Contraindicated with ✔ vomiting patients with
CYP3A4 substrates ✔ Changes in the hereditary fructose, ✔ Instruct patient to
Route: that may lead to way food tastes glucose, or galactose report all adverse
Oral Action: QT-interval ✔ Severe rash in malabsorption or reactions
Inhibits fungal prolongation people with sucrose-isomaltase promptly.
Frequency and CYP450 (responsible (astemizole, lowered immunity deficiency.
timing: for fungal sterol erythromycin,
OD- 8:00 AM synthesis); weakens pimozide, quinidine). Adverse Effect: Use cautiously in
fungal cell walls. ✔ CNS: headache, patients with renal
dizziness, seizures impairment. Monitor
✔ GI: nausea, renal function during
vomiting, treatment; dosage
abdominal pain, adjustment may be
diarrhea, necessary.
 dyspepsia, taste
perversion
✔ Skin: rash Overdose S&S:
hallucinations,
paranoid behaviour.
 Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effect and Special Precaution Nursing
Mechanism of Contraindications Adverse Effect Responsibilities
Action
Generic Name: Classification: Indications: Side Effect: Use cautiously in ✔ Check for the
Levofloxacin children younger doctor's order.
Therapeutic class: To prevent inhalation ✔ Nausea than 18 years.
Trade/ Brand Antibiotics anthrax after ✔ Diarrhea ✔ Provide client
Name: confirmed or ✔ Headache Use cautiously in education about
Levaquin Pharmacologic suspected exposure ✔ Dizziness patients with history medication.
class: to bacillus anthracis. ✔ Lightheadedness of seizures disorders
Dosage: Fluoroquinolones ✔ Trouble sleeping or other ✔ Avoid rapid or
500mg Contraindications: CNS diseases, such bolus IV
Contraindicated in as cerebral administration
Route: patient with Adverse effect: arteriosclerosis. because this may
IVTT Action: hypersensitivity to cause severe
Inhibits bacterial drug, its component ✔ CNS: Drug is associated hypotension.
Frequency and DNA gyrase and or other ✔ Encephalopathy, with increased risk
timing: prevents DNA fluoroquinolones seizures, dizziness, of tendinitis and ✔ Check vital signs
Q12h – 8:00 AM- replication, headache, tendon rupture, especially blood
8:00 PM transcription, repair, insomnia. especially in pressure. Too rapid
and recombination ✔ GI: patients older than infusion can cause
in susceptible pseudomembranous age 60 and those hypotension.
bacteria. colitis, with heart, kidney
constipation, or lung transplant. ✔ Closely monitor
diarrhea, dyspepsia, patient with renal
 nausea, vomiting. insufficiency.
✔ Hematologic:
✔ Lymphopenia, ✔ Assess for severe
eosinophilia, diarrhea, which
hemolytic anemia. may indicate
✔ Metabolic: pseudomembranous
hypoglycemia colitis.
✔ Musculoskeletal:
back pain, tendon ✔ Watch for
rupture. hypersensitivity
✔ Respiratory: reaction.
✔ Allergic
pneumonitis,
dyspnea.
✔ Skin: erythema
multiform,
Stevens-Johnson
syndrome,
photosensitivity,
pruritus, rash.
 Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effect and Special Precaution Nursing
Mechanism of Contraindications Adverse Effect Responsibilities
Action
Generic Name: Classification: Indications: Side Effect: Be aware that ✔ Check for the
Paracetamol ✔ Skin rashes allergic symptoms doctor's order.
Non Opioids This drug is used to✔ Blood disorders may appear after
Trade/ Brand analgesic and treat mild to symptomatic therapy ✔ Assess the
Name: antipyretics moderate pain (from has been expected actions,
Tylenol headaches, menstrual discontinued dose range, side
Action: periods, toothaches, Adverse effect: effects of the
Dosage: backaches, medication, and
500 mg 1 tab Thought to produce osteoarthritis, or ✔ Hematologic: Before using this any precaution to
analgesia by cold/flu aches and hemolytic anemia, product, tell your be taken.
Route: blocking generation pains) and to reduce leukopenia, doctor or pharmacist
Oral of pain impulses, fever. neutropenia. your medical history, ✔ Assess if client
probably by ✔ Hepatic: especially of: liver has any allergies
Frequency and inhibiting Jaundice disease, regular or if allergic to
timing: prostaglandin Contraindications: ✔ Metabolic: use/abuse of alcohol Paracetamol.
Q6h prn – 6:00 AM- synthesis or action of Hypoglycemia.
12:00 NN- 6:00 PM- other substances that Hypersensitivity ✔ Skin: rash, ✔ Provide client
12:00 MN sensitize pain Severe hepatic urticaria Check if the patient education about
receptors to impairment or active is taking other medication.
mechanical or liver disease (IV). medication
chemical stimulation. containing
It is thought to Paracetamol. ✔ Administer
relieve fever by analgesic as
central action in the prescribed by the
hypothalamic doctor.
heat-regulating
center. ✔ Avoid giving
patient aspirin or
aspirin like
analgesics
because it inhibits
platelet
aggregation.
 Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effect and Special Precaution Nursing
Mechanism of Contraindications Adverse Effect Responsibilities
Action
Generic Name: Classification: Indications: Side Effect: ✔ Check for the
Cotrimoxazole Shigellosis or UTIs Use cautiously and doctor's order.
Therapeutic class: caused by ✔ Feeling sick (nausea) in reduced dosages
Trade/ Brand Antibiotics susceptible strains of ✔ Diarrhoea in patients with ✔ Tell patient to
Name: Escherichia coli, ✔ Headache CrCl of 1 to 30 take drug as
Septra Pharmacologic Proteus: (indole ✔ Skin rash ml/minute, severe prescribed, even
class: positive or negative), allergy or bronchial if feeling better
Dosage: Sulfonamides asthma, or blood
800mg/ 160 1 tab –folate antagonists Contraindications: Adverse Effect: dyscrasia ✔ Encourage
Contraindicated in patient to drink
Route: Action: patients ✔ CNS: seizures, plenty of fluid to
Oral Sulfamethoxazole hypersensitive to apathy, aseptic prevent
inhibits formation of trimethoprim or meningitis, ataxia, crystalluria and
Frequency and dihydrofolic acid sulfonamides and in depression, fatigue, kidney stone
timing: from PABA; patients with a hallucinations, formation.
OD -8:00 AM trimethoprim history of headache, insomnia,
inhibits trimethroprim or nervousness,
dryhydrofolate sulfonamide tinnitus, vertigo
reductase formation. drug-induced ✔ CV:thrombophlebitis
Both decrease ✔ GI: pancreatitis,
bacterial folic acid immune pseudomembranous
synthesis and are thrombocytopenia. colitis, diarrhea,
bactericidal. nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain,
anorexia, stomatitis
✔ GU: toxic nephrosis
with oliguria and
anuria, crystalluria,
hematuria, interstitial
nephritis, renal
failure
✔ Hematologic:
agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia,
leukopenia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hemolytic anemia,
megaloblastic
anemia.
 ILOILO DOCTORS’ COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF NURSING
West Avenue, Molo, Iloilo City

DRUG STUDY

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Adverse Effects
● Follow manufacturer’s
Generic Name: Classifications Indications: Side Effects: ● cardiac disease, directions supplied with
hypertension, inhalation
albuterol (salbutamol) Bronchodilator, ● To prevent and ● headache, diabetes mellitus,
antiasthmatic relieve ● dizziness, glaucoma, seizure ● Advise patient to limit
Trade/ Brand Name: bronchospasm in ● spinning sensation, disorder, intake of
Actions: patients with hyperthyroidism, caffeine-containing foods
Ventolin Nebules reversible ● lightheadedness, exercise-induced and beverages and to
Relaxes smooth muscles obstructive ● sleep problems bronchospasm, avoid herbs unless
Dosage: by stimulating airway disease (insomnia), prostatic prescriber approves.
beta2-receptors, thereby ● tremor, hypertrophy
1 nebule causing bronchodilation ● To prevent ● nervousness, ● Caution patient to avoid
and vasodilation exercise-induced driving and other
● sweating
Route: bronchospasm hazardous activities until
he knows how drug affects
Inhalation Contraindications Adverse Effect: concentration and
alertness.
Frequency and Timing ● Hypersensitivity to CNS: dizziness,
drug excitement, headache, ● Advise patient to
Q6H hyperactivity, insomnia establish effective bedtime
routine and to take drug
12nn-6pm-12mn-6am well before bedtime to
minimize insomnia.
Bacotoc, Krizzia Angela B. III-F
HIV/AIDS
 CV: hypertension,
palpitations,
tachycardia, chest pain

EENT: conjunctivitis,
dry and irritated throat,
pharyngitis

GI: nausea, vomiting,

anorexia, heartburn, GI
distress, dry mouth

Metabolic: hypokalemia

Musculoskeletal: muscle
cramps

Respiratory: cough,
dyspnea, wheezing,
paradoxical
bronchospasm Skin:
pallor, urticaria, rash,
angioedema, flushing,
sweating

Other: tooth
discoloration, increased
appetite,
hypersensitivity
reaction
`

Bacotoc, Krizzia Angela B. III-F

HIV/AIDS
 Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Adverse Effects

Generic Name: Classifications Indications: Side Effects: ● acute asthma attack, ● Caution patient to avoid
hepatic impairment, driving and other
montelukast sodium Antiasthmatic ➣ Long-term asthma ● skin rash, phenylketonuria hazardous activities,
management ● mood changes, because drug causes
Trade/ Brand Name: Actions: ➣ Prevention of ● tremors, dizziness.
exercise-induced ● headache,
Singulair Blocks action of bronchoconstriction ● stomach pain, Tell patient or caregiver
leukotrienes, decreasing (EIB) ● heartburn, that drug is for preventive
Dosage: smooth muscle ➣ Seasonal allergic ● upset stomach, use only, not for treatment
contractions and edema rhinitis ● nausea of acute asthma attacks
10mg in bronchial airways and ➣ Perennial allergic and that appropriate
preventing inflammation rhinitis Adverse Effect: rescue medication should
Route: and bronchospasm be available.
Contraindications `CNS: fatigue,
Oral headache, dizziness,
Hypersensitivity to drug asthenia, agitation,
Frequency and Timing or its components aggressive behavior or
hostility, anxiousness,
OD depression,
disorientation, dream
8am abnormalities,
hallucinations,
insomnia, irritability
restlessness,
somnambulism, tremor,
Bacotoc, Krizzia Angela B. III-F
HIV/AIDS
 suicidal thinking and
behavior (including
suicide) EENT: nasal
congestion, otitis and
sinusitis (in children)
GI: abdominal pain;
nausea and diarrhea (in
children); dyspepsia;
infectious
gastroenteritis
Respiratory: cough
Skin: rash Other: dental
pain, influenza, fever

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Adverse Effects
● Check the dosage
Generic Name: Classifications Indications: Side Effects: ● Do not exceed directions on the
recommended daily label.
Multivitamins + Zinc Multivitamins with treatment and  abdominal discomfort, dose.
minerals ; Used as prevention of vitamin constipation, diarrhea, If the patient ● If you forget to take
Trade/ Brand Name: dietary supplements. and mineral deficiencies. nausea, stomach notices other side a dose, just take the
Helps strengthen discomfort and effects that is next dose when it is
Clusivol Plus Actions: immunity and has hypersensitivity. caused by this due.
nutrients that help in the medicine, tell the ● Do not take two
Dosage: production of energy. doctor. doses at the same
time to make up for
1tab Contraindications a missed dose.

Route: Allergy (hypersensitivity)

to the active ingredients
Oral
Bacotoc, Krizzia Angela B. III-F
HIV/AIDS
 and components listed
Frequency and Timing under Description.

OD

8am

Drug Name Classification and Indications and Side Effects and Special Precautions Nursing Responsibilities
Mechanism of Action Contraindications Adverse Effects
• Suggest good dietary
Generic Name: Classifications Indications: Side Effects: • Ascorbic acid is a strong sources of ascorbic acid,
reducing agent; it alters such as citrus fruits, leafy
Vitamin C Vitamins patients with ● Transient mild results of tests that are vegetables, tomatoes,
an acute deficiency or soreness may based on green peppers, and
Trade/ Brand Name: Actions: for those occur at the site oxidation-reduction potatoes.
whose absorption of of intramuscular  reactions. Large doses of • Instruct patient to cover
Ascorbic Acid Used to treat the orally ingested ascorbic or subcutaneous  ascorbic acid (more than foods and fruit juices
symptoms of Ascorbic acid (vitamin c) is injection. 500 mg) may cause tightly and to use them
Dosage: Acid Deficiency (Scurvy), uncertain. false-negative glucose promptly.
Urinary Acidification and ● Too-rapid intrave determinations using the • Advise patients with
1tab as a nutritional Contraindications nous administrati glucose oxidase method, ascorbic acid deficiency to
Route: supplement.  Contraindicated in those on of the or false-positive results decrease or stop smoking.
persons who have solution may using the copper Replacement ascorbic acid
Oral shown hypersensitivity cause temporary reduction method or dosages are greater for the
to any component of faintness or Benedict’s reagent. smoker.
Frequency and Timing this preparation. dizziness. • Ascorbic acid shouldn’t • Tell patient to avoid high
be used for 48 to 72 doses of ascorbic acid if he
OD Adverse reactions hours before an is prone to renal calculi,
CNS: faintness, amine-dependent test for has diabetes, is undergoing
8am dizziness (with occult blood in the stool is tests for occult blood in
too-rapid I.V. conducted. A stools, follows a
Bacotoc, Krizzia Angela B. III-F
HIV/AIDS
 administration). false-negative result may sodium-restricted diet, or
GI: diarrhea, GI occur. takes an anticoagulant.
discomfort. • Conditions that elevate
GU: acid urine, the metabolic rate
oxaluria, renal calculi. (hyperthyroidism, fever,
Skin: discomfort at infection, burns and other
injection site. severe trauma,
postoperative states,
neoplastic disease, and
` chronic alcoholism)
significantly increase
ascorbic acid
requirements.
• Prolonged use of large
doses results in increased
metabolism of ascorbic
acid; scurvy may result
when reduced to normal.
• Reportedly, patients
taking hormonal
contraceptives require
ascorbic acid
supplements.
• Smokers appear to have
increased requirements
for ascorbic acid because
the vitamin is oxidized and
excreted more rapidly
than in nonsmokers.
• Use ascorbic acid
cautiously in patients with
renal insufficiency
Bacotoc, Krizzia Angela B. III-F
HIV/AIDS
 because the vitamin is
normally excreted in
urine.
• Patients whose diets are
chemically deficient in
fruits and vegetables can
develop subclinical
ascorbic acid deficiency.
Observe for such
deficiency in elderly and
indigent patients, patients
on restricted diets, those
receiving long-term
treatment with I.V. fluids
or hemodialysis, and drug
addicts or alcoholics.

Bacotoc, Krizzia Angela B. III-F

HIV/AIDS