NAME : JUWAIRIAH BINTI HALIM

MATRIC NO : 2021931199 (D1BA2323D)

SUBJECT : ELC590 INFORMATIVE SPEECH (WEEK 7)
TOPIC : THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
SPECIFIC PURPOSE : TO INFORM THE AUDIENCE ON HOW TO FREEZE
IMPORTANT MEMORIES IN THE RIGHT WAY

The topic for my speech today is, the basic elements of photography.
Photography is a picture language. Photography can be considered both an art and
a science. Why photography also called as a science is because there are basic
principles of physics that govern success. Meanwhile, with our own simple words,
photography is the art of capturing light with a camera, usually via a digital sensor or
film, to create an image. With the right camera equipment, you can even photograph
wavelengths of light invisible to the human eye, including UV, infrared, and radio.
(INTRODUCTION). There are four basic elements of photography which are
Exposure, Aperture, ISO and Shutter Speed. (THESIS STATEMENT).

Do you guys have your own camera? including your mobile phone camera?
No matter what type of cameras you have, do you guys love to take pictures? If yes,
can you all lend me your ears for a while to listen to the title of my speech today
which is the basic elements of photography that you all need to know while taking
pictures so that your pictures will look beautiful and memorable. (ATTENTION
GETTER). First and foremost, why I chose this title for my speech today is because I
have a small experience in taking pictures and know a bit on how to use DSLR
camera in the right way. (CREDIBIITY). The essential purpose of photography is
communication. Most people take pictures solely to please themselves. As everyone
knows, pictures can be saved as memories so that we can remember our loved
ones. Other than that, do you all know that photography is one of the therapies in
helping us to release stress and clears your mind. Focusing on one subject helps
you forget about all the other things going on in the world. Go outside and find
something to photograph and you will soon forget about those bills or the issues you
have at work or any problems you face. Photography is like we take a long and hot
shower.
 Let’s move to my main point which is what I am going to talk for today. First
up, the most important basic element of photography that everyone needs to know is
Exposure as it is the first basic of any photograph taken or recorded. (POINT 1). If
you want to capture any pictures through your camera, you must know how much
light your shot was exposed to and this reflects on what is produced in your final
image. The amount of light that strikes the film or chip is measured in “stops” or also
known as Exposure value (Ev). Exposure is very important when you want to edit a
picture that has been captured by yourself. To get satisfactory editing results, you
need to know how bright or dim in each part of the picture before starting to edit it.

Next, Aperture. (POINT 2). Aperture is the setting which controls the size of
the opening of light or hole that allows light through to the lens. The larger the hole,
the more light that enters the camera in a given time. Aperture is measured in f-
stops, for example f/2.0, f/2.8. f/4.0 etc. The smaller the f-stop number, the larger the
lens opening, and therefore the more light a lens can let in. This is why the sharper
lenses with lower f-stops are normally more expensive than a similar lens which
cannot match the same aperture as the more expensive lenses can cope with low
light situations better. Have you all ever wondered why the price of an Iphone is
more expensive than the other smartphones on the market?. The latest Iphone 13
Pro Max has 12 MP Sensor, 77 mm equivalent with f/2.8 aperture lens which means
it is very great for the photographic use if you all know the right way to position it.
Apple company has about 800 employees that only works for Iphone camera just to
make the pictures taken by all of their customers looks real and stunning. There is no
denying that the Iphone camera ranking is the world’s number 1 in the category of
smartphones just because of its camera lenses. Other expensive smartphone
cameras are also good, but Iphone cameras have the most detailed spare part and
tiny software lenses such as DSLR cameras. The aperture is also one of the most
critical aspects of focusing. A large depth of field is necessary when photographers
want as much of the photograph in focus such as landscape photography as it needs
a minimum aperture as possible and allows objects in the foreground and
background to be in focus to achieve a shallow depth of field. This creates the
beautiful bokeh that everyone love to take which adds dramatic effects to images
where you want to highlight an object or subject, such as macro photography and
portraiture shots.
 After that, the third element of photography is Shutter Speed. (POINT 3).
Shutter Speed is simply control the amount of time that the camera lets the light
coming in when the shutter or curtain is open. Shutter Speed is measured in
fractions or seconds depending on the camera as it may show the Shutter Speed
without the numerator. For example, 60, 250 instead 1/60 or 1/250. Most camera’s
will have a larger range of varying shutter speeds for the user to work like Sony
Alpha 1 with Canon EF 400mm f/2.8L IS III USM Lens which is perfect for capturing
moving action such as wildlife or freezing sports events and slow Shutter Speed
blurs the action of an image, perfect for landscape photography or low light
photography with a tripod. Shutter speed smartphone lenses are also more or less
work the same as DSLR cameras, it is only different in the focal point of each
smartphone lenses, the speed and also camera resolution because the more
expensive the lenses the better the picture produced.

Lastly, ISO. (POINT 4). ISO is slightly less obvious as the above two as to
what it is and what role it plays, but it just as much importance in determining correct
exposure. ISO is normally measured from 100, 200, 400 and etc. The higher ISO
that is used, typically the more ‘noise’ you will get on an image, where an image is
not as sharp as in the lower ISO’s. Increasing the ISO can allow you to get images
you would not normally get, but if you just want to capture the scene and pin sharp
focus is a secondary thought then increasing the ISO is an option. When you use a
higher ISO, you are increasing the sensitivity of the image sensor, so now the sensor
captures not just more light incoming, but also more surrounding noise which
reduces clarity in your image. The best pictures are pictures that have a balanced
clarity and sharpness. Why I said so is because, the concept of photo editing is to
adjust the clarity, sharpness of the picture including in adjusting the pictures noise, 7
types of lighting (exposure) including HD toning and make adjustment of colours in
the photo according to the suitability and tone desired as every human has a
different eye view, so each person picture's tone will inevitably be different as well.
Nothing much I can say, whether your image is usable or not at high ISO’s, it
depends on your own equipment.
 All in all, If someone were to choose what the most important thing in
photography they would say light exposure. It is a given idea, if you do not have
good lighting in your photo then it is not a quality photo. Light can give that
dreamlike, golden look, and if you get the sun and focus the right way you can get
the bokeh effect, which plenty of photographers enjoy. Photography is more than a
documentation process, it is an art form and should be treated with the same respect
with painting, sculpture and the other well known arts from. so if you hire a
photographer to take pictures of your memorable days like your wedding or
graduation day, do not issue the word price is too expensive or the price is not worth
it and etc, because a photographer puts the price based on the package provided by
him or her as well as based on equipment and type of camera they used. If I am not
mistaken, the cheapest price of a DSLR or mirrorless camera for beginners not
including lenses is RM2500.00 and above. So, because of that, every photographers
has a different package price. You just need to choose according to your ability to
pay. (CONCLUSION).