Evidencia 15 .

Summary? Export-import theory?

Programa de formación

virtual

Tecnólogo en Gestión Logística virtual

Ficha 2176080

Presentado a

Lynda Giulliana Londoño Rincon

Presentado por

Arévalo Arévalo Eduar Andrés

11/10/2021
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación, requiere no solo de
manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos a seguir, sino también comprender y
extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes
exportación e importación en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha
lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or structure, will
determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax liability, and other important
considerations. Each form of business organization has its own advantages and
disadvantages, and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of
the entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business organization is
a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and should be done with the advice
of a competent attorney or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No separate legal
entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has total control over all export-
import operations and who can make decisions without consulting anyone. The major
advantages of sole proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-import

business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires little or no
government approval. At the state level, registration of the business name is required,
while at the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate accounting records and
attach a profit or loss statement for the business when filing individual tax returns
(Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The owner
makes all operational and management decisions concerning the business. The owner
can remove money or other assets of the business without legal or tax consequences.
He or she can also easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations versus other

business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate lower than the
corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import business can be applied by the
owner to offset taxable income from other sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to
establish tax exempt retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole proprietorship is
the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable for the debts and other
liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought to protect against these liabilities;
however, if insurance protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for defective
products or debts, judgment creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner.
Another disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals have all the
necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the owner may lack certain skills.
The business may also terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.
 Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import business? If
not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the business
concern and individual entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject to a low
degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and objectives of the
export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba su respectivo
significado en inglés.
 Palabra en ingles Palabra en Significado
español
1. Owner Dueño Who exercises dominion over a certain thing or person, or has
power over it

2. Business Negocio Ganancia o beneficio conseguido en una actividad comercial o

de otro tipo
3. Economic Económico That spends or consumes little
4. Company Empresa Entity in which capital and labor intervene as factors of
production of industrial or commercial activities or for the
provision of services
5. Export Exportación Action of exporting a national product
6. Import Importación Action of importing a foreign product
7. Government Gobierno Set of people and organizations that govern or direct a division
8. Commercial Comercial That has easy acceptance in the market and sells very well
9. Losses Pérdidas Loss is a situation in which you stop owning something you had
because of a circumstance
10. Profits Ganancias Benefit or benefit that is obtained from a thing.
11. Taxes Impuestos Rate or amount of money that must be paid when acquiring
items or properties
12. Operate Operar Act a person or a thing producing a certain effect.
13. Manage Administrar Organize the economy of a person or an entity
14. Money Dinero Set of coins and bills that are used as a legal means of payment
15. Risk Riesgo Possibility of a mishap or misfortune

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al interior de cada párrafo
se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el material complementario “Identifying the
main idea” para conocer cómo se puede encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba las ideas principales de cada
párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación,
transforme la oración a presente progresivo, también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

1. the entrepreneur must select the
option that best meets the
objectives of the entrepreneur and
the company
2. sole proprietors must keep accurate
accounting records and attach a
profit or loss statement for the
business
3. Sole proprietors are being simple
and inexpensive
4. The owner can withdraw money or
 other assets from the company
without legal or tax consequences
5. Insurance can be purchased to
protect against these liabilities;
however, it can damage the owner's
assets if it fails to cover the debt.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

It is up to the entrepreneur or owner to choose or select the best option for their business or
company, in addition, they will have a record of all the activities they do from any legal
confrontation or by requirement of the company or business and in order to keep in mind their
daily earnings, expenses and losses., corbel or annually
These entrepreneurs or owners can withdraw money or other assets of the company legal or
compromising consequences since they are the owners of their own business, but when they
carry out a business that does not generate profit or that leads them to bankruptcy, they will
lose everything. invested, however, there are policies or insurance that protect them from
losses,
But in addition to that, they have to see that if there are clauses or maximum amounts that this
policy assumes, the remainder must be assumed by the owner of said company or business

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta el material de formación “Using
simple present and progressive to export” y el material complementario asociado a esta actividad de
aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su preferencia y envíe el archivo al instructor
a través de la plataforma virtual de aprendizaje en formato .doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la guía de aprendizaje con el fin de
verificar que ha realizado todas las actividades propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas
correctamente.

Criterios de evaluación

Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un texto técnico en inglés.