NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

( NZEB )

PRIYA .A. BETAGERI

1RW19AT072
V SEM ‘B’ SEC
CONTENTS

❑ INTRODUCTION

❑ WHY NET ZERO BUILDING

❑ NET ZERO BUILDING – CONCEPT

❑ HOW TO CREATE NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

❑ PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION

❑ METHODOLOGY

❑ ENERGY CONSUMPTION DIAGRAM

❑ ZERO ENERGY STRATAGIES AND COMPONENTS

❑ PRINCIPLES TO ACHIVE NZEB DESIGN

❑ FEATURES OF NZEB

❑ ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

INTRODUCTION
A Zero Energy Building (ZEB), also known as a Net Zero Energy (NZE) building,
or a Zero Net Energy (ZNE) building, is a building with net zero energy
consumption, meaning the total amount of energy used by the building on an
annual basis is equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the
site or in other definitions by renewable energy sources offsite, using
technology such as heat pumps, high efficiency windows and insulation, and
solar panels. The goal is that these buildings contribute less
overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere during operations than similar non-
ZNE buildings. They do at times consume non-renewable energy and produce
greenhouse gases, but at other times reduce energy consumption and
greenhouse gas production elsewhere by the same amount.

WHY NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS?

➢ Reduces Energy Consumption
➢ Reduces Green House Gases ( Carbon Emissions ) and Global Warming
➢ Reduces Dependence on Fossil Fuels
➢ Reduces Ozone Depletion
➢ Reduces Climate Change
➢ Protects Our Environment for Future Generation
NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS : CONCEPTS

The energy performance of an NZEB can be accounted for or defined in

several ways, depending on the boundary and the metric. Different
definitions may be appropriate, depending on the project goals and the
values of the design team and building owner .Four commonly used
accounting methods are net-zero site energy, net-zero source energy, net-
zero energy costs, and net-zero energy emissions. Each definition uses the
grid for net use accounting and has different applicable RE sources.

1. Net-Zero Site Energy:

A site NZEB produces at least as much RE as it uses in a year, when accounted

for at the site. A building that generates at least as much energy as it uses on
site .This is the most common use of the ‘net – zero’ term.

2. Net-Zero Source Energy:

A building that produces at least as much as energy as it consumes when

compared to the energy used to both generate and deliver the energy used
to the site from a remote point of generation such as a power plant plus the
energy consumption on the site.

3. Net-Zero Energy Costs:

A building that sells more power to the utility than purchases, utilities
generally charge more than they pay for power.

4. Net-Zero Emissions:

A building that generates at least as much renewable energy as it consumes

from non – renewable sources . This energy can be produced on – site or
purchased buying renewable energy credits to offset non renewable energy
consumption counts.
TO CREATE ZERO ENERGY BUILDING
STEP - 1
Efficient building construction
Efficient systems and appliances
Operations and maintenance
Change in user behavior
STEP - 2
Address remaining needs with on –site
renewable energy generation
PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION
Following design standards is the first step in the design to
achieve a net-zero energy building as it is important to define
the sources and inputs that would be necessary to quantify the
outputs and check what it needs to balance the net-energy
consumed.
The next step is to simulate the energy consumption using
various energy modeling techniques and tools to optimize the
following:
➢ Building orientation
➢ Glazing area, exposure, and shading
➢ Heat island reduction
➢ Lighting systems and capacities
➢ Temperatures, humidity, and relative humidity levels
➢ Landscaping
➢ Natural resources
➢ The overall system efficiency
All factors should be considered together by employing passive
heating or cooling strategies, such as solar chimney and direct
heat gain through south-facing glazing and/or isolated gain or
sunspace.
considering all possible exterior wall construction that avoids
thermal bridging and increasing the R-value in all roof
construction, using efficient lighting system, utilizing day
lighting sensors and occupancy sensors, and lastly using
energy-efficient office equipment for commercial buildings and
energy-efficient utilities for residential houses and buildings.
METHODOLOGY

Zero Energy Strategies and

Components

Total Energy Consumption Diagram

THERE ARE THREE PRINCIPLES TO ACHIEVE A GOOD NET-ZERO ENERGY BUILDING DESIGN:

BUILDING ENVELOPE MEASURES

Not only the building should be oriented to minimize HVAC loads, but shades and overhangs should be used to reduce the direct sunrays.
Multiple options are available such as roof overhangs, shades and awning, and vegetation. To reduce the heat gain through windows, the
designer should avoid glazing on the east/west façade. Other measures to reduce heat gains are to increase insulation on opaque
surfaces, use glazing with low solar heat gain coefficient values, use double-skin façade, and refine the building envelope to suit location
conditions.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES

The first utmost factor is selecting the right-size systems for the building. This can be achieved by following ASHRAE Standard 90.1 safety
factors in the design, applying factors to reasonable baseline cases, and using simulation to model the design and predict the optimized
requirements. In the simulation, part load performance should be considered which would come useful when using variable volume
systems, variable speed drives, variable capacity boilers, variable capacity chiller systems, and variable capacity pumping systems as well.
In addition to this, the designer should consider using high-efficiency lighting and control systems such as LED lights, high-performance
ballasts, dual circuited task lighting, occupancy sensors, and day lighting dimming sensors.

RENEWABLE ENERGY MEASURES

There are various renewable energy resources, such as solar which can be used for generating electricity, storing energy, and heating
water, wind, biomass systems, and other sources.
Solar water heating systems include roof-mounted solar collectors that heat a fluid which would be used to heat water stored in a
cylinder. Two collector types are usually used: the flat plate and the evacuated tube type. Flat plate collectors are usually cheaper.
Wind systems provide energy a very effective cost if the wind is continuous and steady and its speed above 10 mph (4.47 m/s), but it is
recommended to be above 25 mph (11.2 m/s).
Biomass systems could provide heat by burning the biomass material.
Geothermal systems provide good source for both cooling and heating by running the refrigerant pipes under the ground that usually
provide nearly constant temperatures.
TYPES OF GREEN BUILDING
This Pembina Institute info graphic explains the implications for energy use and carbon pollution of five key types of green buildings:

➢ Net-zero energy ready

➢ Net-zero energy1
➢ Net-zero carbon2
➢ Zero carbon
➢ Zero carbon and grid interactive
ADVANTAGES

➢Isolation for building owners from future energy price increases

➢Increased comfort due to more-uniform interior temperatures (this can be demonstrated with comparative isotherm maps)
➢Reduced total cost of ownership due to improved energy efficiency
➢Reduced total net monthly cost of living
➢Reduced risk of loss from grid blackouts
➢Minimal to no future energy price increases for building owners reduced requirement for energy austerity and carbon emission taxes
➢Improved reliability – photovoltaic systems have 25-year warranties and seldom fail during weather problems.
➢Higher resale value as potential owners demand more ZEBs than available supply
➢The value of a ZEB building relative to similar conventional building should increase every time energy costs increase contribute to the
greater benefits of the society, e.g. providing sustainable renewable energy to the grid, reducing the need of grid expansion

DISADVANTAGES

➢Initial costs can be higher – effort required to understand, apply, and qualify for ZEB subsidies, if they exist.
➢Very few designers or builders have the necessary skills or experience to build ZEBs
➢Possible declines in future utility company renewable energy costs may lessen the value of capital invested in energy efficiency
➢Challenge to recover higher initial costs on resale of building, but new energy rating systems are being introduced gradually.
➢While the individual house may use an average of net zero energy over a year, it may demand energy at the time when peak demand
for the grid occurs. In such a case, the capacity of the grid must still provide electricity to all loads. Therefore, a ZEB may not reduce risk
of loss from grid blackouts.
➢Without an optimized thermal envelope the embodied energy, heating and cooling energy and resource usage is higher than needed.
ZEB by definition do not mandate a minimum heating and cooling performance level thus allowing oversized renewable energy systems
to fill the energy gap.
➢Solar energy capture using the house envelope only works in locations unobstructed from the sun. The solar energy capture cannot be
optimized in north (for northern hemisphere, or south for southern Hemisphere) facing shade, or wooded surroundings.
➢ZEB is not free of carbon emissions, glass has a high embodied energy, and the production requires a lot of carbon.
BIBLOGRAPHY

https://www.wbdg.org/resources/net-zero-energy-buildings

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-energy_building

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/71982

https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/44586.pdf

https://www.pembina.org/pub/green-buildings-infographic

https://www.slideshare.net/ganeshsharma58/ppt-on-zero-energy-building

https://www.google.com/search?q=diagram+zero+energy+building&tbm=isch&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV48Xtn
efzAhVRXisKHTZNBMcQrNwCKAB6BAgBEGQ&biw=1519&bih=754