SECTION 21 - ROOF FRAMING Layout CONTENTS Erection Hy 2 Small Tanks (rig outside) Single Column Tanks with Doorsheet Multiple Column Tanks METHOD I - Working From Center to shell METHOD II - Working From Shell to Center METHOD III - Working From Shell to Center METHOD IV - Working From Far Side to Doorsheet 21-3 21-4 21-4 21-6 21-8 21-9SECTION 20 - ROOF FRAMING SECTION 20 - ROOF FRAMING Layout All layout work shall be done by a competent individual. Any errors in the layout can be costly in manhours as well as customer relations. 1. If the orientation is known, the drawings will show a starting point for rafters and location of accessories, calculated to avoid interference. If accessory orientation is determined by the customer in the field, his representative must confirm orientations in writing. Occasionally, for various reasons, interference may occur. The customer's representative must approve the requi Change, either in writing or by initialling the change on the drawings. Consult the supervisor iF assistance is heeded to accomplish this. 2, Rafter lugs may be laid out as soon as the scaffold is raised to the last ring. Layout shall be completed before any lugs are installed. Many foremen, as a checking measure, lay a lug on a rafter, matching the holes. in this way, the detail dimensions (from top angle to top of lug) can be checked for any adjustments which may be required. 3. Column locations in a multiple column tank shall be aid out completely before any columns are erected. Erection The method of erection depends on the size of the tank, equipment on hand, and site conditions. Regardless of method used to erect columns and girders, do not remove any cross guying (see Figure 21-4) between columns until all structural steel has been erected. When the specifications call for the bottom under column bases to be painted, be sure to have it done before setting columns. 1. Small tanks (rig outside) These are tanks with a single center column and access all around the outside of the tank, where the mid-point of the rafters may be reached with the rig. There is no doorsheet. PAGE 21-1Proceed as follows: a. Stand the column near the shell inside the tank. b. Bolt three rafters to the column 90 degrees apart, using only one bolt per rafter (see Figure 21-1). ¢. Move the column manually, with the rafters attached, to the center of the tank (see Figure 21-2). FIGURE 9-1 FIGURE 9-2 ERECTING COLUMN FOR SMALL TANKS PAGE 21-2a. Bolt the three rafters to their respective lugs, and complete bolting to the column. e. Install the other rafters by sliding one end out, toward the column cap plate, on the rafters previously erected. £. For very small diameter tanks with light rafters the column may be moved using only two rafters, Single column tanks with doo! sheet. Proceed as follows: a. Attach three 3/8 inch guy wires to the center golumn at 120 degree spacing. Attach erection ladder. b, Raise the center column at its exact location. ¢. Plumb the center column and guy it off (see Figure 21-3). er iC ERECTION NUT 3/8" GUY WIRE \ (Ac TURNBUCKLE TURNBUCKLE FIGURE 21-3 ERECTING CENTER COLUMN 4. start hanging rafters on the side opposite the. doorsheet. Work both directions, finishing at the doorsheet. One man works from the top of the center column. Two men work at the shell, where final fitting takes place. PAGE 21-33. Multiple column tanks ‘The structual teel for multiple column tanks may be erected from the center to the shell or from the shell to the center. Four alternate methods are presented here. -A doorsheet is required for each. a METHOD I - Working from center to shell. Proceed as follows: (1) Follow steps 2a, b, and c, above, to raise and guy off center column, (2) Assemble two columns and one girder on the floor (see Figure 21-4). FIGURE 21-4 ASSEMBLE COLUMNS AND GIRDER ON BOTTOM (3) Attach two 3/8 inch cross guys plus two 3/8 inch guys at each column for stabilizing (see Figures 21-4 and 21-5_). PAGE 21-4(4) Raise this assembly, set the columns in place and guy it off (see Figure 21-5). GIRDER _— INTERMEDIATE CENTER COLUMN COLUMN, = FIGURE 21-5 ERECTION OF CENTER COLUMN AND INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS (5) Locate one man at the top of the center column and one at the top of the girder on the intermediate columns. (6) Erect all rafters for that jsection (s Figure 21-6) GIRDER RAFTER CENTER COLUMN INTERMEDIATE COLUMN FIGURE 21-6 ERECTION OF INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS PAGE 21-5(7) Connect another girder to a third column on the floor, (8) Raise this assembly and connect to the first. Note the rigging as shown on Figure 21-7. Add all rafters for this section. 1'=0 (APPROX) i 1 I I RIG SINGLE-COLUNN ASSEMBLY | SO THAT FREE END OF GIRDER HANGS APPROXIMATELY 1'~0 ! BELOW HORIZONTAL POSITION. ! THIS WILL FACILITATE FIT-UP, ' t f J FIGURE 21-7 RIGGING INTERMEDIATE COLUMNS FOR ERECTION (9) Continue erecting the first circle of rafters in this manner. (10) After the shell is up and the rafter lugs are welded in place, erect the outer circle of rafters. be METHOD II - Working from shell to center Proceed as follows: (1) Assemble two columns and one girder on the bottom. Attach two 3/8 inch cross guys and two 3/8 inch "tie-off" guys (see Figures 21-4 and 21-8). PAGE 21-6FIGURE 21-8 ATTACH GUYS AND RAFTERS To BEAM (2) Stand this fap oe near the sheli and attach tie-oft guys to the Shell (see Figure 21-8). (3) Attach two outside 5p 7ters to the girder (see Figure 21-8 and 21-5) FIGURE 21-9 ATTACHING RAFTERS To GIRDER PAGE 21-7NOTE: (4) Raise this assembly to connect to the shell, Note the riggin shown in Figure 21-7, (5) Continue erecting girders in this manner until intermediate girder columns are completed. (6) Set balance of rafters + METHOD III - Working from shell to center Proceed as follows: (1) Assemble two columns and one girder on the bottom. attach two 3/8 inch cross guys and two 3/8 inch guys at each column’ for stabilizing (see Figures 21-4 and 21-5). (2) Raise this assembly, set in place and guy it off (See Figure 21-5). (3) Locate a man on the girder and erect all rafters in this panel. (4) Connect another column and girder on the floor, Raise this assembly and connect to the first (see Figure 21-7). (5) Erect all rafters in this panel. (6) Continue erecting the outer circle of rafters in this manner. (7) Attach three 3/8 inch guy wires to the center column at 120 degree spacing. attach erection ladder. (8) Raise the center column and set in its exact location. (9) Plumb the center column and guy it off (see Figure 21-3). (20) Locate a man on the center column and erect all rafters in this circle. There may be times when the available hoisting equipment “does not have the capacity to handles heavy ssembly of one column and girder (quite often the cass dn tall tanks). an alternate technique can be usea i most instances as follows: PAGE 21-8(1) Establish two points on the scaffold, one girder length apart. stand up one column at each point and lash to the scaffold. (2) Set and bolt a girder between the two columns. Add two 3/8 inch cross guys and two 4/8 inch guys at each column for stablizing (See Figures 21-4 and 21-5). (3) Walk the assembly into place on the column circle using the rig and by barring as required, Plumb and guy off (see Figure 21- 5). (4) Brect all rafters in this panel. (5) Locate a man atop one column. swing an arc to determine where a girder bolted to the column would strike the scaffold. (6) Stand another column at this point and lash to the scaffold. (7) Bolt up a girder to the column at the scaffold and pin it with one bolt to the column which is guyed in place. (8) Walk ‘the assembly out into place using the rig and barring, as required, and guy off. (9) Exect all rafters in this panel. (10) Continue in this manner around the circle. if there are additional rows of columns, the technique may be repeated. METHOD IV - Working from far side to doorsheet By far, the cheapest and fastest way to lay roof plates is from outside the tank, if a rig with adequate capacity and reach is available. This method, however, is well suited for use on iarger multiple column tanks and has the advantage of allowing welding of roof plate to procead before completion of structural steel erection. As the structural steel is erected from one side of the tank to the other, laying and welding of fhe roof plate progresses in the normal sequence: The sketches are welded to the rim angle and to PAGE 21-9each other. Cours: of rectangulars are laid and welded. The sketch-to-rectangular welding is left to be done last. Proceed as follows: a (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) a Erect the entire outer ring of columns, girders and rafters. Starting across from the doorsheet and working both clockwise and counter-clockwise, begin laying, fitting and tacking sketches. Proceed with as many full courses of rectangulars as will fit on the installed rafters (See Figure 21-11). Continue with sketches until the arc of sketches extends around half of the tank, as shown in Figure 21-11. Working both clockwise and counter-clockwi: begin ‘erecting successive rings of columns and rafters, backing across the tank. Continue to lay rectangulars in both full courses, and in an arc following the sketche Never erect additional rafters which would block access for laying roof Plates (see Figure 21-12). Continue to expand the arc of columns, girders, rafters and rectangulars until half the roof area is covered. Continue across the second half of the tank, advancing sketches, —rectangulars and structural steel evenly across the tank, backing to the doorsheet (see Figure 21-13). Welding may proceed in the normal fashion, leaving all joints between sketches and xectangulars open, to be welded last. PAGE 21-10OU F—z _— dooRsHEET FIGURE 21-12 ROOF PLATES FOLLOW IMMEDIATELY BEHIND STRUCTURAL STEEL PAGE 21-12“* > _ poonsueer FIGURE 21-13 BACK TOWARDS DOORSHEET PAGE 21-13