Ké hoach day hoc minh hoa: BAI HOC CARBONYL (Thoi gian die kién: 3 tiét) 1. M6t sé lua y khi thiét ké ké hoach bai hoc Khi day phan tinh chat hoa hoc ctia hop chat carbonyl, can so sanh aldehyde wi ketone vi so sinh hai loai miy véi cc chat c6 edu tao, tinh chat tuong ty dé thay duge diém gidng va khae gitta ching, gitip chimg phin biét duge cae hop chit va dé nhé hon. Cy thé cée tinh chit edn, so sinh nbéin manh nur sau: Dit aldehyde va ketone déu 14 cdc chit chita nhém C=O, tuy nhién aldehyde nhém CO nay lién két voi H nén co mét sé tinh chat khac wi ketone nhwr bi oxi héa béi nude bromine, thudc thir Tollens, Cu(OH),/OH’. Cac phin ing nay c6 hign tugng r6 rang, nén cé thé ding dé nhfn biét aldehyde. So v6i alkene, aldehyde cfing cé 1 ndi d6i trong phin tir, tuy nhién do lién ket C=O trong aldehyde phin cue cén lién két C=C trong alkene khéng phéin cuc nén cing 1a phin img céng nhumg tie nhiin eéng cia hop chit carbonyl khic wi alkene vi cing lim mat mau nude bromine nhumg bin chat phan img 14 khong gidng nhau (ciia aldehyde 1a phan img oxi héa khit con ctia alkene 1a phan img cng) Ve phuong phap day hoc, GV co thé str dung phuong phap day hoc hop tac, phuong phap true quan, tré choi, dam thoai... dé HS ty hinh thinh kién thitc. Cé thé so sénh véi alkene dé suy ra phin ting cng cia hop chat carbonyl, suy dodn tinh oxi héa khir eta aldehyde, ketone tir phin img diéu ché cae chit nay. Sir dung thi nghiém hoie hinh anh, video... dé kiém chiing cite dur dodin 46, 2. Ké hoach bai hgc: L MUC TIEU 1. Mue tiéu chung ctia chi dé Gép phan phat trién cho HS ning lve giao tiép va hop tac, nang Ive tu chi va te hoc, nang lye gidi quyét vin dé va sing tao thong qua viée 16 chite day hoc hgp tic theo nhom, day hoc gidi quyét van dé, phuong phap truc quan va sit dung bai tap hod hoc. Muc tiéu cu thé: a) Nang luc nhan thie hoa hgc. Hoc sinh dat duge cac yéu cau can dat sau: (1) Trinh bay duge tinh chat hoa hoc ctia aldehyde, ketone: Phin img khur (wi NaBH, hoje LiAlH,): Phin img oxi hod aldehyde (wi nutée bromine, thude thit Tollens, Cu(OH),/OH-); Phin tmg céng vio nhém carbonyl (véi HCN); Phan tng tao iodoform. (Phan tng Khir cia hop chat carbonyl bing LiAIH, hay NaBH, chi viét duréi dang 2 Liattty sodé: R-CO-R + 2[H] —+ R-CH(OH)-R) 1(2) Giai thich duge tinh chat hoa hoc ctia hop chit carbonyl va xée dinh due hop chat c6 chita nhhém CH,CO-. (3) Thye hign dutge (hose quan sit qua video, hoc qua mé ta) ce thi nghiém: phin img trang bac, phin img wi Cu(OH),/OH’, phn tmg tao iodoform tit acetone: m6 ta hign tuong thi nghiém, nhan xét va rit ra két ludn vé tinh chit ctia aldehyde, Ketone (4) Trinh bay duoc img dung cia hop chat carbonyl va phuong php diéu ché acetaldehyde bing céch oxi hod ethylene, digu ché acetone tir cumene. by N thao Inn, quan sit thy ing lwe tim hiéu thé gidi tr nhién dwéi géc d@ héa hoe thong qua céc hoat dong tign, tién hinh thi nghiém, tim t0i thong tin... dé tim hiéu cic yéu cau vé myc tiéu nhin thite kién thite hod hye 6 trén. c) Ning Iwe vin dung kién thie, ki ning di hoe: nhfin thiy duoc méi lién hé gitta kien thie voi tmg dung cia hop chat carbonyl trong duge pham, phim nhudm, y té, dung méi... 2. PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YEU Phuong phép true quan (sit dung thi nghiém nghién ciru, kiém chimg, déi chimg). Phuong phip hop tac theo nhom. Phuong phap dong vai Ki thuat Think — Pair ~ Share 3. CHUAN BI CUA GIAO VIEN VA HOC SINH a) Dung cu: Ong nghiém: dén edn: b) Hoa chit: ethanal vi acetone: mde bromine: dung dich AgNO, NH; I, CuSO, va NaOH c) Hinh anh két qua mét sé thi nghiém trong bai. 4. CAC HOAT DONG HOC Bai “Hop chat carbonyl” thue hién trong 3-4 tiét, truée tién ndi dung tim hiéu vé tinh chat héa hoc va tmg dung nay GV té chic cho HS tim hiéu khai niém, tinh chat vat i, céu tao va phuong php diéu ché aldehyde va ketone. O ndi dung nay GV sé t6 chite cho HS tim hiéu vé tinh chat hod hoe. tr dung ciia ching vi cing eé Muc dich: Hoc sioh Iny dong nbimng kien thirc, ki ning da hoc tir noi dung bai hoc trde do, trong thire tién, kinh nghigm cia ban than vé cau tao va tinh chat cia alkene, phan tng hoa hoc tao ra aldehyde, ketone; tir do dir dodn tinh chat cia hop chat carbonyt: kich thich sw to md, mong nun tim higu bai hoc méi. Thoi gian: 10 phit Té chike hoat déng: GV 18 chite cho HS lim vige theo ki tuit Think —Pair - Share, thre hign hoat déng sau Think (Suy nghi cd nhén): Chia Wop thinh 2 mia, HS 6 mbi mira thure big 1 trong 2 nhigm ‘vu sau (suy nghi va viét ra gidy nhdp): we() Nau che phan tmg die timg voi ndi dor C=C cla alkene va nguyen aban gay ra phan amg do. Chi ra diém gidng va khic vé cau tao ctia 2 nhom C=C va nhom C=O, dir doan phan img 16a hoe c6 thé c6 véi hom C=O, gidi thich co sé dura ra dur doan do. (2) Viet cac PTHH tgo 1a aldehyde, ketone tir alcohol Xac dink sy thay doi so oxi hoa ctia cic nguyén to trong moi phan tmg, xéc dinh loai phan img vi vai tm ctia aldehyde, ketone. Dur don vé tinh oxi ha, Khir cia aldehyde vi ketone va chi ra cor séciia cae dir dodn dé, Pair (Trao dét cfip di): Hai HS ngdi canh nhau chia sé suy nehi ciia minh theo cau hoi & hoat déng trén véi nha Share (chia sé % kién véi cd lép): GV mixi mot so chp HS dai dign & mdi nita lop chia sé ca tr Iai vi ea Mop. GV tong ket cae dye dosn thinh so d6 (phin img cong, oxi hoa, Khit). Neu HS khong de doan duge tinh oxi hoa klnt, GV co the goi ¥: nhfin xét sO oxi hoa cia C trong nhom carbonyl so Vi cac sO oxi hoa c6 the co cia carbon de dir doan. GV gidi thigu bai hoc: Cée hgp chat carbonyl co plain ting cong va c6 phin tg oxi ha, khair ah dur doin khong? Ching ¢6 thé phin tng véi nhitng tic nhin e6ng, oxi hoa, khir nto? Ngoai 14 con phin img nao khae nifa? Tinh chat hoa hoc cia aklehyde va ketone c6 gi khvie nhau? Sdn phém cia HS can dat duge. Néu duge alkene 6 lign két pi kém bén nén co cdc phin img dic trmg la cng, tring hop, oxi hea. Chita duoc diém gidng nhau ctia 2 nhom C=C va C=O li déu co lién két pi kém bén, nhung Khe nhau f fin két C=C khong phin ere eon va lién két C=O phin cure vé phia nguyén tir O. Dr doan C=O cé phan tg cOng. tring hop va oxi hoa do cing cé lign két pi kém ben. Viet dire phan img oxi ha alcohol bac 1. 2 bang CuO thinh aldehyde va ketone, cdc phan img niy fa phin ting oxi hoa khir, xe dinh aldehyde vi ketone i sin phim oxi hia, Dur dod: aldehyde vi Ketone vita c6 tinh oxi hoa, vita co tinh Khié (bi khté thin aleohol, bi oxi hoa C nhom C=O [en so oxi hoa cao hon. Hinh thiec dénh gid: HS trinh bay, nhan xét ‘Hoat dong 2: TIM HIEU TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA CARBO! ‘Muc dich: oat dong ny ahim dat nme teu a (1), ©), (G3). HS néu duoc cae phan eng hoa hoc cita hop chat carbonyl khing dinh cdc dw dodn & hoat déng 1, bd sung tinh chit hda hoc Kivi thing qua viée tim higu sich giio khoa va tién hinh thi nghiém, gidi thich nguyén nbn, Chi ra duoc cée phin ting héa hoe phin bigt aldehyde va ketone. ‘Hoat dong 2.1. Tim hiéu phan teng oxi hod, Khit Thai gian: 45 phit Té chike day hoc: - GV chia obém néu nue dich, nbigm vw, lung din HS lam vige obém (moi whom. Khoang 6 HS): + Doe cach tign hanh thi nghiém, ghi dy doan hign tong, sin phim va phan teng cong PTHH néu 30 vio phicu hoc tap (xem o phi hc). + Tien hanh thi nghiém theo luréng dan, quan sat hign tong, stra vao phicu hoc tap (dimg bit miu khac khi viet du dodn hién trong). Doc sich giio khoa/tai liu vé phan tng cng, oxi hoa khir, b6 sung chinh xéc PTHH vi vai to eae chat C4e nhom hoan thinh phigu hoe tap tn gity AO/bang phu. GV hu y HS viét phigu hoe tap bing 2 mau me khi viet cée dy doan tnrée hi fam thi nghigm vi sau ki kum thi nghigm, doc sich giio khéa/tai léu m6 ta hign trong va dy do’n vi phan bo sung khi doe sach gio Khoa (48 c6 thé dénh gii ning kre thre nghiém ciia HS, chih fi, b sing khi chita bai). C6 ‘thé thay ethanal bing formaldehyde ~ HS lim vige theo nom. ~ Cfic nhom treo gity AO/bang plu ghi két qui Kn bang, GV goi dai din m6t nhom trinh bay, cae nhom Khde theo doi va trinh bay nig két qui Khe etia nom minh so wi uhm, ban. GV nbn xét va b6 sung Mét sé diém GV cha y: + Chita cic edu mé ta hién neong chinh xéc, ngdn gon, nhin manh déu hiéwhién tieong riit va két ludn trong méi thi nghiém. + Khi viét PTHH can nhén manh nhém chic thay déi trong phan tng, hién tong dae trung dé nhén biét phan tng. + GV cén chii cho HS phan ting ctia aldehyde voi meée bromine khéng phai la phim tmg céng ma la phan tmg oxi héa, khéc véi alkene, nguyén nhdn Ia do nhém C=O phan eve. + Kér Ind vé etic thuée thie va hién twong phin biét aldehyde va ketone. GV ghi cde két Indin vé tith chit cia aklehyde, ketone theo bing, HS citag ghi theo bang vio v6. Chat phan tg Alehyde Ketone Phan ing oxi hoa ‘Phan wag Eh Phan ing cong HS doc sich gifo Khoa/tai ligu (v8 phan ting kat va cng), cho bigt aldehyde. ketone c6 phin tng cong. phan img Khir vii nhimg chat nto? Viet PTHH (ghi vao bang tong ket trén). GV goi HS kn bang viet PTHH. Clit y huéng dan HS cach viet PTHH, laréng dan hoc sinh g9i tén san phim (tén altehyde/ketone + cyanohydrin) San pham HS can dat duge: Mé ta duoc hign trong céc thi nghiém va gidi thich, két inin vé tinh chit hda hoc cia aldehyde vi ketone. Thi nghigm 1: G ong nghiém cho dung dich ethanol mde bromine mit miu. & éng nghiém cho acetone khong c6 hign tong gi PTH: CH)-CH=O + Br; + HzO —> CH:-COOH + 2HBr Két nan: aldehyde bj oxi hoa béi mrée bromine, Ketone thi khong. Thi nghigm 2: G ng nghigm cho dung dich ethanol c6 mat Isp bac tring sang bam 6 thanh 6ng nghiém (trong dung dich cé ket tia den), 6 éng nghiém cho acetone khong ¢é hién tong gi 4PTHH: (CH=0 + 2[Ag(NH;))]OH — CH;-COONH, + 2Ag + 3NH; + H;0 Két infin: aldehyde bi oxi hoa béi thude thir Tolls, ketone thi khong Thi nghiém 2: G ng nghiém cho dung dich ethanol, ket tia xanh lim chuyen thianh mau a6, @ Ong nghiém cho acetone khong co hin trong gi (dun liu c6 két tia miu den do Cu(OH)2 phan hiy thimh CuO), CH3-CHO + 2Cu(OH); + NaOH + CH;-COONa + Cu,0 + 3H,0 Két uit: allelyde bi oxi hoa boi Cu(OH);/OF’, ketone thi khong. ‘Hoan thanh bang tong két tinh oxi hoa, khii, phin tmg cong cau aldehyde, ketone. Hinh thiee dénh gid: HS tnmg bay phieu hoc tap (kho gity Ion), trinh bay, nhin xét, hoi dap. Hoat d6ng 2.2. Tim hién phan teng tao iodoform cita hop chat carbonyl (dé nhan biét gp chat chica nhém methyl ketone) Thi gian: 15 phit Té chite day hoc: GV dat vin d8: Ngoai phin img cng. oxi hoa khir com phi img mio ita? GV lam thi nghignvquan sat video, hin anh phan ving idoform (tién ban thi nghigm nghién ci, déi cling, gdm thi nghigm cia ethanal, acetone, formaklehyde véi I2/dmg dich NaOH). HS quan sat, néu hién trong, két lun co hay khong cé phan img trong moi trxong hop. GV dat cau héi: So sanh sur giong va kivic nhau ve cau tao trong 3 hop chat carbonyl tir 46 suy doan nguyén nhan gay ra phan img idoform nay. GV vit PTHH len bang/HS doe sich viet vio vo, két nin vé digu kign can tao ctia hop chat carbonyl tham gia phan tng idoform, hign trong va tmg dung eta phan tg nay dé nhin bigt nhém CH -CO- trong aldehyde va ketone. San phdm HS cén dat: HS néu duge: ethanal, acetone déu co nhom CHs-CO- con formaldehyde khong ¢6. Suy ra phan tig idoform xAy ra v6i cae chat cé nhoém CH3-CO- va ding phan tng nay dé nhan biét ching. Viet duoc PTTH cia phan ting idoform voi ethanol va acetone. Hinh thite dénh gid: HS ta loi cau hoi ‘Hoat dong 3. TIM HIEU VE UNG DUNG VA DIEU CHE CUA CARBONYL ‘Hogt dong 3.1. Tim hidu vé teng dung ewa carbonyl Myc dich: Hoat doug nay nhim dat une tiéu a (4), HS néu duge cae ting dang ciia hop chat carbonyl, Thai gian: 10 phit Té chite day hoc: Voi ni ding miy GV 06 thé tim higu trede sich gio khoa va tai figu tham khio 6 bit hoa cho HS tim hicu kien thite thye t@ ket hgp tai ligu (SGK) 6 trén lop trinh bay cae img dyng cia bgp chat carbonyl Giio vien nhan xét va bo sung néu can, chi ra cdc vi dy gan gui ciia aldehyde, ketonee trong cude song inh ngiy. Cac sit dumg dimg va clara cing. 5‘San phim HS can dat dege: ‘Néu duge cae tmg dung gom: a) Formaldehyde duoc ding chi yéu dé sin xuat nhira poly(phenol-formaldehyde) va ding trong durge phim, phim nlugm. Dung dich formaldehyde 37-40% (goi i formalin) duge dimg dé ngim xic dong thre vit, tude da, tay ué, tgt tring b) Acetaldehyde (ethanal) duoc dimg nhieu trong tong hop hiru co. c) Acetone diroe lim dung méi do tan tét trong nhieu dung méi hitu co va cé kha ning doa tan nhién chat Acetone duoc dimg nhitu trong tng hop hit co nhw dé tong hop bisphenol-A. Hinh thiee dénh gid: HS tinh bay Hoat dong 3.2. Tim hiéu ve dieu ché carbonyl ‘Muc dich: Hoat dong nay him giip HS dat duge nue teu at To chite day hoc: GV nén té clrite cho HS tim kiém théng tin két hop voi phan trinh bay cla GV va cho HS fam bii tp vin dung. Thoi gian : 5 phiit To chite day hoc: GV yéu cdu HS viét PTHH phan tng oxi héa ethylene? GV gidi thigu day cing la PP diéu ché acetaldehyde ngodi ra con mét PP diéu ché niva db la oxi héa cumen a) Trong céng nghigp, nguoi ta dieu ché acetaldehyde bang plurong phap oxi héa ethylene: 2. CH = CH, + 02 “4+ 2 CHs- CH-O b) Trong céng nghi¢p. acetone thn diroc trong qua trinh oxi hoa cumene: (CH,),CHC,H; —-, san phim trong gian —“°%->CH,COCH, +C,H.-OH Hout dong 4. CONG CO - THU HANA Hoat dong uy ubim dat ume tua (1), @). G). He thong Ken thie ve tab Muc dic chat héa hoe ctia aldehyde. ketone, lam bai tap (hoan thinh so 46, nhin biét, xic dinh céu tao, bai toan) van dung ede tinh chat 6. Té chite day hoc: ‘Mot s6 bai tap cing c6: 1. Lap so dé Ven so sanh su giong va kivic nhau vé cau tao, tinh chat vat ii tinh chat hoa hoe cia aldehyde va ketone.(c6 thé thay bing bai tap déng vai Twéng trong minh la aldehyde hode ketone, viet 1 doan vin khéng qué 10 cau hoae 1 bai vé/bai tho/bai bat,.. git thigu vé ban than.) 2. Viet CTCT cia cae chat hitu co don chite mach bé co CTPT a CzH60. Trinh bay tdi thin 2 pluong phip hoa hoe dé phin bigt cic chit 46. Lap so dd (ho%e bang), ghi 10 ign twong, vist PTHH. 3. Cho cac chat sau: CH3~CH,-OH, CH3CHO, C1 CH). Lap so 46 cluyén héa gilta cdc chit sao cho s6 cluyén hoa fi nhigu nit 4. Hop chat hitu co X c6 cng thire phin tir C3H6O. Trén pho hong ngoai, X hap thy ‘mot tin higu mgnh & ving 1670 - 1740 emi?. X phan tg duoc véi thude thir Fehling cho chat Két tia mau do. Xae dinh céng thire cau tao eta X. 5. Hon hop M gom ba chat hitu co A, B, C li dong phin ca nhau co CTPT i CyHsO. A c6 meh carbon thing vi phin img tring bac, B khong c6 phin img tring bac nlumg c6 phn mg idoform, C Km mat mau née bromine, hydrogen hda 16i khir bang LiAIHy thi due A. ‘Xac dinh céng thire cau tao va goi tén A, B, C theo danh phap thay thé. 6. Oxi hoa m gam hén hop HCHO va CH;CHO bang oxi (xt) thu due (m+1,6) gam hon hop axit X. Neu cho m gam hon hop 2 andehit trén phan img voi AgNO; du/NH; thu duge 25,92 gam Ag. Tinh phan trim khoi trong cia moi andehit. (Binh thay giap bai moi) To chike: Bai tap 1 c6 the t6 chic thinh tr choi tiep sire: chia kop thinh 2 doi moi doi durge phat 1 vién phan co miu khée nhau, cae d6i kin hrot cit thinh vién en vist vio so a6, moi thanh vign chi duge viet 1 ¥, Bn brot timg nguoi Kn viet dén khi het vong méi Bip lai lan 2. Cae d6i ty giim sat de doi ban viet sau khong tring ¥ voi ¥ doi minh da viet. Néu cae ¥ tring hau sé khong duoc tinh cho ca 2 di Ket qua duge tinh bang s6 ¥ ma moi doi ghi ding vio so d6 Ven. Doi nao nhieu ¥ ding hon sé thing. Bai tp 2, 3 6 thé thi theo nhom, cach tinh digm nur sau ‘Oi mio hoan thinh bai theo yéu cau (co the ding hoic sai nhung can lam dit ce yéu cau) nhanh tide thi gian quy dinh dau tign céng 3 diem, thir 2 céng 2 digm va thir 3 cOng 3 diem, Chia xong trong thi gian quy dinh tn 2 diém. Bai 2: viet dimg 3 CTCT duoc 3 dim Méi phrong phap ding duoc 3 diem ding moi chit ci hign twong va PTHH duoc 1 diém. Bai 3: Moi chuyen héa duoc | digm. sai 1 chuyén héa tir 0.5 diem. Dap an: 4, Trén pho IR cia X ¢6 tin higu manh @ ving 1670-1740 emi! chimg t6 X la hop chat 7carbonyl Chit X co phan img voi thide thir Fehling chimg to X khong phai ht Ketone ma B dy cOng thie cau tao ctia X lt CHsCH;CH=O. 5. A=andehit buthanal, B= buthan-2-on, C= aleohol butha-3-en-1-ol 6. %mHCHO = 14,56% va %m CHsCHO = 85.4% Hoat déng 6: Dénh gid hoc sinh GV danh gid thong qua cde hoat déng da duoc t6 chite trong qua trinh day hoe véi cae két qui i qué tinh thio Main, tr loi cau héi van dung kién thire trong bai, van dung kién thire vio thre tién. Ciing co thé t6 chire cho HS lim bai kim tra tric nghigm 15 phi