KE HOACH DAY HOC/GIAO AN MINH HQA_HOA HQC 11 PHENOL Phin 1. NOI DUNG BAI HOC 1. Khai niém Phenol [a hop chit hitu co cé mét hay nhiéu nhém hydroxy két hop tree tiép véi nguyén tir carbon cia vong thom, Phenol don gidn nhat ¢6 cong thie CsHs-OH ¢6 tén la phenol. 2. Danh phap - Danh phap thay thé: Coi cdc phenol la dan xuat cia benzene. P ‘OH on 0 on Ho oY wD Benzene-1,3-diol__ Benzene-1-4-diol_ Benzene-1,2,3-triol Benzene-1,2,4-triol - Danh phap thong on on on on om oo a & Phenol o-Cresol m-Cresol p-Cresol (o-methylphenol) _ (m-methylphenol) (p-methylphenol) Carvaerol Thymol (S-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) (2-isopropyl-S-methylphenol) «a on Ho,Catechol Resorcinol p-Hydroquinone (benzene-1,2-diol) (benzene-1.3-diol) (benzene-I 4-diol) 3. Dic diém céu tao cia phenol Phenol c6 céng thite phan tt CsH.0 va cé céng thtte cau tao CsHs-OH hode OH OH hoae (a) (b) Hinh 1. M6 hinh phan tir cia phenol dang rong (a) va dang dic (b) 4. Tinh chit vat li diéu kign thuong, phenol 1a chat rin, khong mau, nong chay 6 43°C. Phenol dé bi chy rita va khi 8 liu trong khong khi chuyén sang mau héng do bi oxi héa boi oxygen trong khéng khi. Phenol it tan trong nude nung tan nhiéu trong nude néng. Phenol rat déc. Khi day vao tay, phenol gay bong da. 5. Tinh chat hoa hoc Phenol c6 phan tg thé nguyén tir H cla nh6m -OH (thé hién tinh acid) va phan img thé vao vong benzene. a) Phan ing thé nguyén ti H cia nhom -OH: Phenol thé hién tinh acid yéu ~ Phan img véi dung dich NaOH Phenol it tan trong nude ning tan tot trong dung dich NaOH do cé phan tng sau: (CsHsOH + NaOH — CsHsONa (tan) + HO Didu dé ching to phenol cé tinh acid. Tuy nhién, phenol cé tinh acid yéu: dung dich phenol khong Jam déi mau quy tim, Tinh acid cia phenol yéu hon carbonic acid. CcHsONa + CO; + Hs — CoHOH + NaHCO; - Phenol cé kha ning phan tng véi dung dich NaxCO; CcHsOH + NasCO;— CcH-ONa + NaHCO, b) Phan tng thé nguyén tir H cia vong benzene - Phenol phan tng véi nude bromineNhé nude bromine vio dung dich phenol, thay xudt hién két tua trang do phan img sinh ra 2,4,6-tribromophenol. a Hinh 2. Thi nghiém phenol phan ung véi nude bromine on on + 3Bry > + 3HBr phenol he - Phin img ca phenol véi dung dich HNOs ‘Néu abo dung dich HNO; vao dung dich phenol, thay xuat hién két tia mau vang do phan tng sinh ra 2,4.6-trinitrophenol (picric acid): ‘ Hinh 3. Diéu ché picric acid tir phenol on Ow NO: + sHNO, ——> + 3i,0 phenol hes 2.4,6trnitrophenol (pierie aed) 6. Ung dung Phenol Li nguyén ligu sin xudt nhya phenol-formaldehyde hay poly(phenol — formaldehyde) dung 8 san xudt cde dé dan dung.Phenol duge ding dé san xuat pham nhudm, thudc né (2,4,6-trinitrophenol), chat diét c6 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), chat digt nam méc (nitrophenol)... 7. Dieu che Trong céng nghiép, phenol duge diéu ché tk cumene (isopropylbenzene): Dau tién ngudi ta oxi hoa cumene bang oxygen khéng khi, sau dé thiy phan trong dung dich H.SO,. oon cu-cu-cr, ne-l—-en, ‘cumene cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide phenol acetone Phenol cing duge téch ra tir nhya than dé trong qué trinh luyén cc.Phan 2. HUONG DAN THIET KE KE HOACH BAI HOC (Dw kién thai gian 2 tiét) 1. Mt s6 leu y khi thiét ké ké hoach bai hoc So sanh ve em gidng v6i alcohol (co nhom 11 tao VGi cdc hgp chat da hoc thi phenol vira co -OH) vita c6 diém giéng hydrocarbon thom (c6 véng benzene). Nhung do anh huéng qua Iai gitra nhom chtte -OH va vong benzene dan dén tinh chat ha hoc va kha nang tham gia cdc phan tmg héa hoe ctia phenol khac nhieu so véi alcohol va hydrocarbon thom da hoc. Khi day hoc GV can khéo Iéo kién tao kien thite méi tir nhimg kién thite da c6, déng thoi can chi 16 sw khée nhau va nguyén nhin cua sy khéc nhau d6 dé HS phan biét duge céc chat, dé nhé kien thite va thay 1 mdi lién hé chat ché gitta cau tao va tinh chat, hoc duge cach suy Luan, kiém chimg trong hge tip, nghién ettu héa hoc. ‘Véi khai nigm nén xuat phat va so sinh tir alcohol d8 hinh thanh khéi nigm ctia phenol. C6 thé 16 chite dam thoai hay lam viée nhom. Cu thé nhw sau: ‘V6i tén goi cia phenol li quy ude nén ¢6 thé cho HS doc hiéu va van dung, cling c6 thé cho HS suy ludn cach goi tén hé théng tir cach goi tén ctia cae hop chat di hoc. Vi tinh chat cua nhom chic, do vong benzene ca phenol hut electron Lim lién két C-OH bén hon va H trong nhém OH Linh dng hon so véi aleohol nén khéng cé phan img thé nhém -OH va luc acid manh hon alcohol. C6 thé cho HS du dodn tinh acid ctia phenol, rdi ding thi nghiém dé kiém chimg, hode chi ra diém khdc voi du dodn tir d6 rat ra két luan. ‘Voi phan tmg thé vao vong benzene cé thé thuc hién thi nghiém nghién ctu hodc giai quyét van dé dé hinh thanh kién thite. Cé thé day riéng timg n6i dung (tinh chat vat li, tinh acid, phan tmg thé vao vong benzene) va Jam thi nghiém tuong img hodc ghép lam cac thi nghiém trong cling mét hoat dong dé tiét kiém thoi gian. 2. Ké hoach bai hoc 1. MUC TIEU 1. Muc tidu chung ctia bai hoc Gop phan phat trién cho HS ning luc giao tiép va hgp tac, nang lye tu chi va ty hoc, nang Ine tim hiéu KHTN (nang luc thuc nghiém) thong qua viée t6 chtte day hoc hop tic theo nhom, phuong phap tre quan, dam thoai. 2. Muc tiéu cu thé Phat trién nang luc héa hoe cho hoe sinh, bao g6m céc think phan ning lye sau: a) Nhin thie hoa hoc: Hoe sinh dat duge cae yéu cau sau:(1) Néu duge khai niém vé phenol, tén goi, céng thie cau tao mét sé phenol don gian, dic diém du tgo va hinh dang phan ti eta phenol. (2) Néu duge tinh chat vat li (trang thai, nhiét 46 nong chay, 46 tan trong nude) eta phenol. (3) Trinh bay duge tinh chat hod hoc co ban etia phenol: + Phan tng thé H 6 nh6m—OH (tinh acid: théng qua phan tg véi sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate), + Phan tmg thé 6 vong thom (tac dung voi nude bromine, voi HNO; dic trong H:SO, dic). (4) Thue hién duge (ho%c quan sat video, hoic qua mé ta) thi nghiém ctia phenol véi sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, véi nude bromine, voi HNO; dic trong H2SO, dae; mé ta hién tuong thi nghiém, gidi thich duge tinh chat hoa hoc cia phenol. (5) Trinh bay duge img dung ciia phenol va digu ché phenol (tir cumene va tir nhua than da). b) Tim hiéu thé gidi tw nhién dwéi goe a6 hoa hge duoc thue hién théng qua cdc hoat dng thao ludn, quan sat, tién hanh thi nghiém... dé tim hiéu vé tinh chat vat li va hoa hoc cha phenol, c) Van dung kién thitc, ki ning : thong qua cdc kién thitc, ki ning hod hoc d hoc dé van dung giai thich mét s6 hién twgng thyc tién cé Lién quan dén img dung cua phenol. TI. PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC CHU YEU - Phuong php dim thoai - Phuong php day hoc hop tic, - Phuong php trye quan (sir dung thi nghiém nghién ctu, kiém ching). ~ Ki thudt khan trai ban, I. CHUAN BI CUA GLAO VIEN VA HOC SIN. Giao vién: Chuan bi phiéu hoc tp (phu luc), dung cu va héa chat dé Lim thi nghiém. Cu thé dung cu, hoa chat gom: - Ong nghiém, gid, dén cén, kep 96. - Phenol rin/dung dich phenol dang huyén phi. Cac dung dich: NaOH 10%, HCl NaHCO; 1M, Na:CO, 1M, nuée bromine (mau cam dm). IV. CAC HOAT BONG HOC H,SO, 1:5, ‘Mue dich: HS buy d§ng kign thic vé alcohol cé lign quan va [a co so d& tim higu vé phenol. Thoi gian: 5 phitt76 chite hoat dong: GV dat mét sé cau hoi vé alcohol. ~ Alcohol la gi? - Alcohol cé nhiing tinh chat vat li, héa hoc nao? Cho biét nguyén nhan din dén nhiing tinh chat dé. San pham cia HS can dat duge: Tra loi duge: alcohol 1a chat hitu co c6 chtra nhém —OH lién két true tiép v6i nguyén tr carbon no, mdi C chi lién két t6i da voi 1 nhom -OH. Alcohol t6n tai & trang thai long va rin (theo s6 nguyén tr carbon), co nhigt 46 s6i, ndng chay cao hon hydrocarbon va din xudt halogen do cé lién két hydrogen lign phan ti; cdc alcohol tir C1-C3 tan v6 han do 6 lién két hydrogen véi nude tir C4 tré 1én d6 tan giam dan (do géc hydrocarbon ting). Alcohol cé tinh acid yéu, phan tmg thé nhém —OH, phan img tach, phan img oxi hda do lién két C-O-H phan cue vé phia nguyén tO. GV téng két, gidi thidu bai hge: Alcohol la hop chat hitu co ¢é chita 1 hay nhiéu nhém -OH, cde nhém -OH phai lién két voi C no, mdi C chi liém két t6i da véi 1 nhom —OH. Do 2 lién két C-O-H déu phan cuc vé phia O nén din dén cc tinh chit hoa hoc dac trung: phan tg thé nguyén ti H cia nhom -OH, phan ting thé nhom— OH, phan tng tach, phan ting oxi hoa. Ngoai alcohol, phenol ciing 1a loai chat chtra nhom OH, dic diém cau tao ctia chting thé nao, ching cé gi gidng va khic so v6i alcohol? Hinh thie dimh gia: hoi dap Mue dich: Hoat dng nay nhim dat mue tiéu a (1). Hinh thanh khéi nigm phenol, néu durge cau tao va phiin bigt duge phenol véi alcohol, goi tén hé théng va tén théng thudng cita mét 6 phenol. Thoi gian: 15 phiit Té chite hoat dong hoc: GV dua ra (chiéu, phat phiéu hoc tap) cng thie ciia mt s6 chat, cho HS biét cde chat 46 chi thude mot trong hai Logi chat 1a alcohol hoge phenol, yeu cau HS lam viéc theo nhom/cdp thue hién cdc nhiém vu sau:= Chia cde cng thife thanh 2 loai: alcohol va phenol. - Nhan xét dic diém nh6m chite cia phenol va phat biéu khdi niém phenol. = So sinh diém giéng va khac ve cau tao gitta alcohol véi phenol. Céng thite GV dua ra (gém alcohol no, alcohol khéng no, alcohol thom, phenol, alcohol va phenol don hoae da chttc), no -o 6 © cH cHy on cHscm, on (CH=CH-CH,-On HS lam viée nhom/cdp theo yéu cau. (Trong khi HS kim viée nhom/cdp, GV cé thé viét cae céng thie lén bang dé danh dau phan biét alcohol va phenol khi HS tra 16). GV goi céc nhom/cAp bao cao két qua, khang dinh khai niém phenol, nhan manh dae diém cau tao dé phan bigt alcohol va phenol (phenol ¢4 nhom -OH gin tuuc tiét voi vong benzene). GV gidi thigu phenol don gian nhit va tén goi cia né. GV yéu cau HS doc quy tac goi tén trong sach giéo khoa/tai ligu va goi tén cho cae phenol dura ra trong hoat dng trén. Goi HS lén bang viét tén cde phenol. GV goi cic HS khac nhan xét, bé sung, sita chita. Chu ¥ cdch danh sé, bd sung tén théng thung ctla mét s6 phenol quen thuéc nhw phenol, o(m, p)- cresol GVchti ¥ gidi thigu hoat déng tim hiéu tinh chat cia phenol (dinh hudng HS vé cae tinh chat cia phenol, diém khéc so véi alcohol va nguyén nhan): Cing c6 nhém -OH vay tai sao lai chia thanh hai logi la phenol va alcohol? Tinh chat cia ching khac nhau? Nguyén nhan nao dan dén su khac nhau 46? San phim HS can dat duge: HS xae djnh durge: (1), (2), (3), (9) 1a aleohol (do nhém OH lién két nguyén tt C no), cdc chat cén lai (4, (5). (7), (8) la phenol.Phin tich thinh phan phan tir néu dugc: phenol i hgp chat hima co cé nhom —OH lién két véi vong benzene. Goi tén duge cae phenol: (4) Benzene-1,2-diol (5) 4-Methylphenol (7) 5-Methyl-2-vinylphenol (8) Phenol Hinh thite dénh gid: Bai ra t cia HS, GV nhan xét. Muc dich: Hoat d6ng nay nham thuc hién muc tiéu a(2)(3)(4). HS dur doan va kiém chimg/nghién citu, két luén durge tinh chat vat li, héa hoc ca phenol. So sanh tinh chat ctia phenol véi alcohol va hydrocarbon, tir dé chi ra duoc méi ign hé gitta edu tao va tinh chat, sw anh huéng qua Iai gitta cde nguyén tr, nhom nguyén tir trong phn tir, Rén ki ning tw duy héa hoe. Thoi gian: 35 phist. T6 chitc hoat dong hoe: Khi t6 chute day hoc c6 thé tach n6i dung vé tinh chat ctia phenol thanh 3 phan: tinh chat vat li, tinh axit va phan tmg thé vao vong benzene hodc ghép lai va t6 chtte tim hiéu déng thoi. Hoat déng day hoc duéi day trinh bay theo phuong phap day hoc hop tic két hop phuong phap truc quan (str dung thi nghiém kiém chimg) va ki thuat khan t (1) GV néu mue dich, phuong thite lim vige theo nhom, chia nhom, néu nhiém vu va hwéng din thuc hién: Lam viéc nhom, dy doan va quan ban tim hiéu déng théi ba phan trén. sat/tién hanh thi nghiém tim hieu tinh chat vat li, hoa hoc ciia phenol, chi ra mdi lién hé gitta cdu tao va tinh chat, so sanh tinh chat caa phenol véi alcohol va benzene. Chia nhém: chia lép thanh cde nhém 4-8 HS, Nhiém vu va husng dan thuc hign: Nhig tréi ban) Giai doan 1: Lam viée cd nhan (5 pha) n vu 1: Thao lugn dte dodn tinh chat cia phenol (ap dung ki thudt khan Nhfn xét cdu tao phan tir phenol vé nhém chtte, géc hydrocarbon tir dé dr doan - Trang thai, tinh tan trong nude.- Tinh chat héa hoe 6 nhom chite va & gc hydrocarbon (so sanh voi aleohol va benzene). Yéu cau HS ghi lai ¥ kién cia minh vao | géc giay khan trai bin. Giai dogn 2: Théo lun nhém: (10 phnit) Céc thanh vién chia sé y kién ctf minh voi cac ban trong nhom, théng nhat ‘va ghi lai ¥ kién chung vao muc | ctia phiéu hoc tap. Ghi 16 co sé dura ra dir doan. ‘Nhom truéng doc cach tién hanh timg thi nghiém, cdc thanh vién néu ¥ kién dy dodn hign tuong, thao ludn va ghi ¥ kién chung vao c6t “Hién tugng dr doan” (néu khéng dy dodn duge thi bo tréng) Nhiém vu 2: Quan sat/tién hanh thi nghiém (20 phiit) HS Lim vige theo nhém, quan savtién hin thi nghiém theo hudng din trong phiéu hoc tap, ghi hién tuong quan sat duge vao cot hién trong, két luin ve tinh chat vat li, hoa hgc cia phenol (c6 hay khéng ¢é phan img véi chat nao, cho sin phdm gi va PTHH nhtr thé nio). (2) Hoe sinh kam viée c nhdn va nhom theo hwong dan GV quan sat cde nhém lim vic, nhac nhé, dén déc, hé tro néu can. (3) Cac nhém bio cao két qua va thao Iudn chung, két ludn vé tinh chat ctia phenol Sau khi HS quan sat/tién hanh thi nghiém, GV goi bat ki HS trong cdc nhom bao cdo két qua, GV phan tich hién tuong thi nghiém tong két kién thitc. M6t s6 cau hoi khai thie khi t6 chite cho HS bao cdo két qua, thao ludn chung: © Tai sao phenol tén tai dang ran va it tan trong meic? © Lién két bj cét trong phan iing ctia phenol vai NaOH va Na;COs Ia lién nao? Tir phan img nay cé thé két ludn phenol c6 tinh chat gi? So sénh tinh chat do v6i alcohol. Gidi thich sw khae nhau do, © Phenol khéng cé phan img nao voi nhém chic -OH gidng alcohol? Tai sao? © Tit phan img ctia véi nude bromine, so sinh khé nang tham gia phan ing thé vao vong benzene ciia phenol véi benzene va céc alkylbenzene. Gidi thich. * Phenol c6 th GV can chi ¥ téng két duoc cdc ndi dung sau, chi ra méi lién hé gitta cu tao va tinh chat, lam r anh huéng qua Iai gitta nhém chite OH va vong benzene bing so dé: 5 phan ing thé vao vang benzene voi nitric acid khong?San pham HS can dat duge: ‘Néu durge céic tinh chat vat li va hoa hoe ctia phenol, gidi thich due nguyén nhin din dén phenol tén tai 6 trang thai rin, it tan trong nude, luc acid manh hon alcohol, phan img thé vao vong benzene ctia phenol dé hon hydrocarbon thom: © Tinh chat vat li ° Chat rin, maw tring, bj chay ria trong khong Khi. © Tttan ong nude lanh, tan nhiéu hon trong nude néng. © Nhiét d9 nong chay thap. (Do phenol cé gée hydrocarbon c6 6C Idn, c6 lién két H lién phan ti nén t6n tai trang thai rin, nhiét d6 nong chay thap va it tan trong nuéc) © Tinh chat héa hoe: © C6 phan tmg thé H 6 nhom -OH (tinh acid): phan tmg véi NaOH, ‘Na:CO; (Tinh acid manh hon alcohol do vong benzene hiit electron). © C6 phan tmg thé 6 vong thom (v6i mrde bromine, HNOs die trong H:SO. de), Biéu kign phan img don gidn hon nhiéu so véi benzene do nhom—OH day electron lam kha ning tham gia phan tmg thé vo vong benzene cia phenol cao hon so véi benzene va cdc alkylbenzene. Hinh thie dénh Banh gid sin pham ca HS thong qua bang két qua thio lun va thi nghigm sn mi by Myc dich: Hoat dng nay nhim thyc hign myc tiéu a(5). HS néu durge cae img dung, phuong php diéu ché phenol. Thai gian: 10 phi Té chiec hoat dong hoc: Str dung phuong phdp dim thogi két hop véi sir dung sich gido khoa/tai ligu d3 néu duge eéc img dung va phuong phép diéu ché phenol. GV dat van dé: Tir cdc da hoc, theo cdc em cé thé diéu ché phenol bang cach nio? Viét so dé cdc phan img.HS tra 16i (thé clo vio benzene sau do thay phan chlorobenzene bing kiém va acid hoa duge phenol). GV: theo li thuyét cé thé diéu ché phenol tir benzene qua phan tmg thiy phan thé va thay phan. Tuy nhién, phan tg thuy phan phenyl halogenua rat kh6 khan. Trong thu té ngu6i ta diéu ché phenol can chon nguyén ligu sin c6, digu kién phan tng khéng qua kho khan, higu suat cao do d6 phenol due sin xuat tir cumene (isopropylbenzene) va tir nhya than da. Cac phan ting xay ra nhur thé nao vao phenol ¢6 img dung gi? Hay doe SGK phan,... trang... va néu cde tmg dung ciia phenol, so dé va viét PTHH diéu ché phenol tir cumene va tir nhya than dé, San phim hoc sinh cin dat duoc: HS néu duge: - Cac img dyng ctia phenol la nguyén ligu sin xuat: + nhya phenol-formaldehyde hay poly(phenol — formaldehyde) ding dé sin xudt cde dé dan dung. + phim nhuém, + thude n6 (2.4,6-trinitrophenol), + chat diét c6 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), + chat diét ném méc (nitrophenol)... - Phwong phip diéu ch8 phenol wong céng nghiép tir cumene (isopropylbenzene) va cae giai dogn phan img. dung kién hoi gian: 25 phiit T6 chive hoat dong hoc: GV: Yéu clu HS Lip bang so sinh va gidi thich diém gidng, khdc gitta alcohol va phenol. Alcohol Phenol Giai thich Diém gidng nhaw Diém khac nhau GV 16 chite cho HS lam mot s6 bai tap cling ¢6 tinh chat cla phenol:1. Viet PTHH xay ra (néu c6) khi cho phenol va benzylic alcohol lan lugt tac dung; dung dich NaOH, dung dich bromine, acetic acid /cé xtic tac, sulfuric acid dac 6 140°C. 2. Trinh bay cach nhan biét cée dung djch sau: dung dich phenol, dung dich ethanol, dung dich glycerol. 3. Dé xuat quy trinh tich cdc chat ra khoi hon hop gém benzene va phenol. 4. Tai sao ngay nay ngudi ta khuyén cao khéng nén ding phenol dé san xuat chat diét c6 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Vay c6 thé c6 bién phap nao digt duge co mai khéng anh huéng dén méi truong? PHIEU HQC T4P BAI PHENOL 1. DU DOAN TINH CHAT CUA PHENOL: Tinh chat Co sé dua ra dy doan ~ Trang thai, tinh tan trong nude: ~ Tinh chat hoa hoc 6 nhém chi = Tinh chat héa hoc 6 géc hydrocarbon: 2. HUGNG DAN TIEN HANH THI NGHIEM ‘ Higa Higa) it an— TN Céch tién hanh tugng dy | (79S | Giai thich, doin | duge | Yet PTHH 1 | Quan sat trang thai, miu sic phenol trong lo dung phenol di dé lu ngiy. méi dng | thia thiry tinh nho phenol. - Thém vao éng nghiém thir | 2 ml nude. Lac manh éng nghiém, dé yén éng nghiém va quan sit hign iwong.Dun nong hon hop trén ngon Ita dn con, quan sat hign tuong. - Ho Ong nghigm tht 2 trén ngon lita den cén. (Sau thi nghiém, thu héi cde dung dich vdo 1 Io chung) - Lay khoang ImL dung dich phenol dang huyén phat vao éng nghiém danh 803. = Thém tiép tr tir ‘NaOH 10% v: cé sy thay dai. - Thém tiép ting giot dung dich HCL lo’ing hodc H:SOs 1:5 vao dung dich trén dén khi c6 sy thay déi/hoae suc khi CO, vio dung dich. ting gigt | dung dich c éng nghiém den khi - Ly vao 2 dng nghiém anh so 4, 5, mdi ong ImL dung dich phenol dang buyén phi. - Thém 2mL dung dich NaHCO; 1M vao éng nghiém s6 4; 2mL dung dich ‘Na;CO, 1M vao éng nghiém sé 5. Lic éng nghiém, quan sat hién trong xay ra. - Lay | gigt dung dich phenol dang huyen phit vao dng nghiém dénh 6 6, pha thanh 2mL dung dich. - Lay khoing 3mL nude bromine (miu cam dim) vio 1 éng nghiém danh 86 7. - Nho thém 1-3 giot dung dich phenol tir éng nghigm 36 6 vag nude bromine (6ng nghiém sé 7), Lac déu va quan sat hién tuong.