HOLY SPIRIT ACADEMY OF MALOLOS

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

BIOLOGY 1

LAB ACTIVITY REPORT

Name: Joaquin A. Sangria____________________________ DATE: 2/2/2021____

Grade and Section: 12-Love______

LAB ACTIVITY NO. 1

The Bottleneck Effect

INTRODUCTION

Humans believe in power, no matter what we do we categorize it as power, whose

better than who, whose higher than who. Because of this, humans strive to better
themselves with the things they experience in life. No matter where we are we need to
adapt no matter what to be able to fit in and survive. No matter the struggle we keep on
hanging on our dreams and want to see the end of the rope, but it’s not always smooth
sailing, there will always be disasters wherever we go, that’s life. Just like in our
ecosystem, disaster strikes whenever and wherever and can change it quickly, but animals
adapt to this. When disaster hits a certain population, it will cause a type of genetic drift
called bottleneck effect. This reduces the population significantly; these are the natural
disasters nature has to offer. Due to this only few survive and are drifted out of the
population. In this experiment, I’m hypothesizing that due to the few surviving
individuals at the end of the effect, the offspring that the survivors pass their traits into
will thrive since competition from the larger population is long gone.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this activity, the students are tasked to use the following:
- 56 Beads (Substituted with candy)
- 22 Yellow candy
- 22 Violet candy
- 12 Green candy
- Container
- Bottle

With these materials, the students will divide the beads into colours then place it all in
the bottle. Then, the students will shake the bottle to be able to make sure that the
beads (candy) will be random when pouring out 1/3(19) of the beads (candy) into the
container. After pouring the beads (candy) into the container, count the number of
beads and make sure its 1/3(19) of the population and record the number and colour,
then repeating these steps 4 more times.

DATA/RESULTS
56 Beads (Substituted with candy)
22 Yellow candy
22 Violet candy
12 Green candy
1/3 of the population = 19 beads (candy)
 HOLY SPIRIT ACADEMY OF MALOLOS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
BIOLOGY 1

Documentation & results:

Attempt no. 1
Surviving individuals
Yellow = 6 = 30%
Violet = 6 = 30%
Green = 7 = 40%

Attempt no. 2
Surviving individuals
Yellow = 5 = 30%
Violet = 7 = 35%
Green = 7 = 35%
 HOLY SPIRIT ACADEMY OF MALOLOS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
BIOLOGY 1

Attempt no. 3
Surviving individuals
Yellow = 7 = 35%
Violet = 9 = 55%
Green = 3 = 15%

Attempt no. 4
Surviving individuals
Yellow = 6 = 30%
Violet = 6 = 30%
Green = 7 = 40%
 HOLY SPIRIT ACADEMY OF MALOLOS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
BIOLOGY 1

Attempt no. 5
Surviving individuals
Yellow = 5 = 25%
Violet = 8 = 50%
Green = 5 = 25%

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. How do natural disasters affect a population's genetic structure?
- A natural disaster reducing a large portion of the population at random will in turn
affect the populations genetic structure.
 HOLY SPIRIT ACADEMY OF MALOLOS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
BIOLOGY 1

CONCLUSIONS
I conclude that due to natural disasters reducing the number of survivors in a
population means a decrease in genetic diversity. In which the surviving individuals and
their offspring will survive due to no competition from the larger population from before.