Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies [ICICT 2021]

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21F70-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-8501-9

Study of Automobile Safety Technology

Development using Vehicular Safety Device
(VSD)
Tulasi Krishna Gannavaram V Rahul Bejgam Sai Bhatt Keshipeddi
Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering Communication Engineering Communication Engineering
Kakatiya Institute of Technology Kakatiya Institute of Technology Kakatiya Institute of Technology
and Science and Science and Science
Warangal, India Warangal, India Warangal, India
tulasigvt@gmail.com rahulbejgam08@gmail.com ksaibhatt@gmail.com
2021 6th International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT) | 978-1-7281-8501-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICICT50816.2021.9358670

Anusha Banda Gayathri Bollu

Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Kakatiya Institute of Technology
and Science
Warangal, India
bandaanusha2001@gmail.com
Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Kakatiya Institute of Technology
and Science
Warangal, India
bollugayathri002@gmail.com

Abstract- As the number of road accidents are
increasing, it constitutes to increased human loss
during many instances. Accidents will primarily
occur due to rash driving, over speed and other
related parameters. Hence, it develops an increased
necessity to avoid the road accidents and save the
human lives. Based on the principles of Internet of
Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Digital
Image Processing (DIP), a Vehicular S afety Device
(VS D) is proposed and developed in this paper. The
developed device will include four main features like
anti-dash system, anti-rash driving, anti-over
speeding and anti-sleep alert system to safeguard the
drivers and passengers from road accidents. This
combination of safety technologies are designed and
considered as a human look-alike by using various
advanced technological interventions. These devices
are imbibed with various supporting systems like
Global Positioning S ystem (GPS ) and Global S ystem
for Mobile Communication (GS M) modules, which
provides a real-time location to track and monitor the
vehicle by respective authority. The proposed system
has various tools like AI enabled camera with digital
image processing architecture to autonomously
monitor the driver. The device also has some additive
features like total vehicle health report, wherein the
users can download the details about vehicle
movement. The proposed technology can be
effectively used for improving and safeguarding
human lives for developing a better future.
Keywords- Vehicular Safety Device; Anti-Dash System;
Anti-Rash Alert System; Anti-Over Speed Driving
System, Anti-Sleep System, Internet of Things,
Artificial Intelligence, Global Positioning System,
Global System for Mobile Communication, Digital
Image Processing

I. INTRODUCTION speed and rash driving and 12.6 percent was the
driver's imperfection like feeling drowsiness while
Nowadays, the occurrence of road accidents are
driving. The magnitude of traffic injuries is
increasing at an unprecedented rate. Wherein,
calculated by the number of people injured per 100
nearly 1200 road crashes occur every day in India.
accidents was 0.6 percentage, which is higher in
The primary reasons behind this will be rash
2019 than in the previous year [12].
driving, over speeding and sometimes the
drowsiness of drivers. Further, after the occurrence
As per the survey done by the Ministry of Road
of the accident, sometimes due to delay in arrival
Transport and Highways, India s peeding, reckless
of medical facilities, the injured person may lose
driving and driver drowsiness are the key causes
their life [3], [10]. The other cause could be the
for causalities. This study on road accidents in
driver’s drowsiness, which leads to accidents [1],
India found that road accidents have increased by
[8]. These problems have been analyzed and a
0.46 percent in the year 2019.
smart vehicular safety device has been designed.
Automotive technology has also been rapidly
In the calendar year 2019, the s tates and union
improved with the growth of civilization and the
territories of India have announced a total of 4.67
advancement of science and technology. In all
lakh road incidents, claiming 1.51 lakh lives and
facets of the vehicle, there is a dire need for
causing injury to 4.69 lakh people [8]. Further, 64.4
participation in automotive protection technologies.
percent of the victims’ injury were due to over
In this paper an attempt is made to study the

978-1-7281-8501-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 240

Authorized licensed use limited to: ULAKBIM UASL - Uluslararasi Kibris Universitesi. Downloaded on May 19,2021 at 12:28:21 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies [ICICT 2021]
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21F70-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-8501-9
various technological features in the form of a
Vehicle Safety Device (VSD). The proposed
technology, VSD is a type of safety system (e.g.
airbags) which could be the main automobile safety
equipment. The air bags have been introduced in
order to save the life after the accident. But this air
bags does not stop or warn the accident to occur.
Whereas the VSD helps the vehicle not to involve
in any sort of accidents. The paper lucidly explains
its basic and essential features and working
principles of device mechanism. Presently few
vehicle manufacturing companies introduced a
connected vehicle system such that the vehicle can
be tracked by other person. This feature facilitates
the emergency services (ambulance) to easily
locate the exact place of the accident zone.
II. CASE STUDIES
A. A speedy car fell from Bharatnagar flyover,
Hyderabad killing and injuring few people
 Introduction: One person lost his life,
remaining got injured when their car had
fallen off from the flyover at Bharatnagar,
Hyderabad in the early hours of 18th
February, 2020. The incident had occurred
when the driver lost control of the car while
trying to overtake a vehicle from left.
 Cause: The main cause of accident is rash
driving and over speeding. It was recorded
that car was moving between 80 and 100
kmph. Moreover, Bharatnagar flyover does
not have adequate speed breakers could be
one of the causes for this accident.
 Consequence: Driver had lost his life at the
incident. Remaining passengers got injured.
 Solution: The proposed Vehicular Safety
Device contains certain sensors which
analyze driver's behavior to detect rash
driving [6], [7]. This device activates when
rash driving patterns are detected and sends
a message regarding vehicle and it’s over
speeding to Road Transport Authorities.
This helps in curtailing accidents due to
rash driving.
B. Sleepy man dies on Hyderabad Outer Ring
Road (ORR) while crashing car into truck
 Introduction: A 30 year old businessman
lost his life in the accident that took place
on the outer ring road at Shamshabad in the
early morning on 19th January, 2020.The
accident had occurred when the car crashed
into a truck while he was travelling over
that road.
 Cause: It has been suspected by the people
that driver’s drowsiness had led to this
accident. It could be due to continuous
driving for a long time.
978-1-7281-8501-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: ULAKBIM UASL - Uluslararasi Kibris Universitesi. Downloaded on May 19,2021 at 12:28:21 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Consequences: The accident had a huge
impact on the driver. Due to the car being
crashed into truck, the steering of the car
hit driver’s chest area and the driver had
lost his life on the spot. Minor injuries
happened for the remaining passengers.
 Proposed Solution: Vehicular safety
device which contains AI based anti-sleep
alert system which would analyze
drowsiness of driver through digital image
processing [2], [3], [4]. The alert system
gets activated when driver's drowsiness
gets detected and alerts the driver through a
buzzer and also send an SMS alert to the
emergency contacts, thereby helps in
decreasing road accidents due to
drowsiness.
III. IMPLEMENTATION
A. Anti-Dash System
Dooring is a road accident or a road incident in
which a bike rider (or some other traffic user)
approaches the door of the vehicle, stalls or impacts
the door. An occupant who wanted to open the
door may not always notice the outside traffic.
Whenever two vehicles which are parked side by
side with small gap between the vehicles, it could
be difficult to open the door of the vehicle. If car
driver wants to open the doors, it may hit moving
vehicles. Often, drivers getting down out of the
vehicle would be serious injured by outside
vehicles.
Anti-Dash System is used in order to prevent
such door-crash accidents and is shown in Fig. 1. It
uses three ultrasonic sensors installed at left-rear
window, right-rear window and back window.
These ultrasonic sensors senses if there are any
vehicles coming from left/right side and alerts the
driver by rising an alarm and prevent him from
opening the car door. This alarm is noticed by the
driver there by he will be warned not to open the
door. In this way both the driver and the vehicle is
safeguarded.
Fig.1. Anti-Dash Monitoring System
B. Anti-Sleep system
In modern days, it is very difficult to be
engaged round the clock due to hectic schedules.
Imagine a scenario in which a person drives home
from work, irrespective of the day's stressful work,
241
 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies [ICICT 2021]
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21F70-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-8501-9
his eyes begin to close and his vision blurs and
slumbers until he knows it. Sleeping in the vehicle
will lead to major consequences, injuries and
sometimes even loss of life [10]. It is now more get
aware of this situation and it is very important to
tackle this situation. To solve this issue, the anti-
sleep system has been planned and developed
accordingly.
The anti-sleep driving alarm which activates the
person, driving for a long periods of time. Without
any stimulating interaction, accidents are quite
common due to falling asleep during travel.
When the driver falls asleep, this system alerts
the driver to prevent from collisions and save lives
[2]. In specific, this device is helpful for people
who travel long distances and people who drive
late at night. On the dash board of the car this
device would be affixed. If a driver feels drowsy
the device with a camera powered by Artificial
Intelligence captures pictures and this is digitally
image processed in order to sense the sleeping
detection and sounds like a buzzer making the
driver to be alert (Fig. 2).
Fig.2.Anti-Sleep Alert System
C. Anti-Rash Driving System
Rash driving is a serious traffic offence in
which the driver of a vehicles disregards road
limits, drives extremely dangerous, and causes
crashes or other damage. Different habits of
reckless driving are pace breaker, lane shift, left /
right turn, abrupt split and sudden acceleration. For
humans, rash driving is the most risky and has a
high ability to cause death.
More than 90% of traffic deaths have been due
to reckless and careless driving, according to data
given by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB).
Some sensors such as the Accelerometer,
Gyroscope (Gyro sensor), Ultrasonic sensor, GPS
and GSM module are fixed on this unit. The tilting
motion and system orientation are measured by the
accelerometer. GPS provides us with the longitude
and latitude value that defines the point of position
on Earth. The gyroscope senses the vehicle's spin
shift and unusual shifts in the direction of driving.
The ultrasonic sensor detects the neighboring cars
and calculates the distance of the vehicle from the
vehicle [5], [9].
978-1-7281-8501-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: ULAKBIM UASL - Uluslararasi Kibris Universitesi. Downloaded on May 19,2021 at 12:28:21 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
When triggered, GSM module sends a message
about the vehicle and speeds about its current
position to the Road Transport Authorities. In order
to recognize rash driving behaviors such as speed
breaker, lane shift, left / right turn, abrupt break
and sudden acceleration, these sensors analyze
driver’s behavior as shown in Fig. 3.
Fig.3 Anti-Rash Driving Alert System
If any of such driving patterns are detected then
device activates and sends current location of
driver who is driving recklessly to the Road
Transport Authorities. By this the traffic police can
trace the vehicle and take necessary action hence
avoiding risk of accident.
D. Anti-Over Speed System
The vehicle along with driver moves at a faster
rate may be in order to reach the desired
destination. On the way to reach the destination the
driver may opt to increase the speed of the vehicle,
the increase in speed is notably observed in change
of gears and rotation (rpm) of the wheels. The risk
of colliding with a neighboring vehicle is more
when test vehicle is at high speed than the other
vehicles. As per the several reporting agencies, an
increase in speed of 1kmph can typically result in a
3% higher risk of a crash and 4-5 % increased risk
of fatality. Over speeding also contributes to the
severity of risk of impact when a collision occurs,
an impact speed of 80 kmph increases the likely
death of commuters by 20 times that occurs at a
speed of 30 kmph [11].
The device to alert the driver with the voice of
driver’s child and its design will be molded in form
of 3D doll in shape of the driver’s child. This
results in slow down of speed of the vehicle by the
driver realizing that the child may not live without
his support if he may over speed and may die in a
collision with the neighboring vehicles. The input
for triggering device is given by the speedometer of
the vehicle and using the instantaneous speed of the
vehicle the device gets triggered by the doll if the
speed exceeds a particular mark hence forth the
device gets activated and the voice of his child will
be played, shown in Fig. 4. The risk of sudden
down fall speed may also be harmful so the device
will eradicate this option just before the driver
attempts to over speed.
242
 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies [ICICT 2021]
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21F70-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-8501-9
Fig.4 Anti-Over Speed System
On a whole, the device also stores the data of
over speeding, crashes, malfunctioning and rash
driving. The device generates a vehicle health
report which can be of further reference for the
owner to have smart look at the vehicle without
wasting much time and can take necessary
measures to avoid any discomfort situations to the
neighboring vehicles.
IV. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
VEHICULAR SAFETY DEVICE (VSD)
In present world the rate of accidents are
increasing drastically. Therefore there is a dire
need for development of vehicular safety device.
This device consists of anti-dash monitoring, over-
speed alert, anti-rash driving and anti-sleep alert
system, as shown in Fig. 5. Using the ultrasonic
sensors, the device gets an idea about its
surroundings and if any obstacle is present
sideways, then the buzzer will be turned ON to
intimate the driver to not open the door. This leads
to the prevention of collision. The speedometer
gives the current driving speed, for more accuracy
a GPS module is attached to this device.
Fig.5. Vehicular Safety Device
When the user i.e. driver is involved in Over
Speeding then he will be notified with the sound of
his/her children’s Voice using a 3D voice idol. This
also will be recorded in the overall health report
and immediately intimates to the police and
emergency contacts of the user. The Shock
absorbers and Gyroscope plays a major role in
detecting the persons driving ability. The shock
978-1-7281-8501-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: ULAKBIM UASL - Uluslararasi Kibris Universitesi. Downloaded on May 19,2021 at 12:28:21 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
absorber has some value of resistance, whenever
the shock absorber is applied with the pressure, the
resistance values changes. When the user is
involved in Rash driving activity, the VSD will
immediately intimates to the Police and emergency
contacts. The camera is placed to detect the driver
body language such as facial expressions to detect
symptoms of sleepiness. Using the Digital Image
Processing these take actions accordingly like and
alarm is turned on, so the driver can take some time
rest and continue driving. The data sensed by these
sensors gets transferred to the sensor fusion, this
processor undergoes some computations and act
accordingly. These all sensors are implemented in
the Vehicular Safety Device thereby saving a lot of
lives.
V. CONCLUSION
From the proposed research work it can be
conclude that, Vehicular Safety Device (VSD)
helps to avoid accidents in the automobile domain.
It ensures the safety of both the driver and
passengers. This device will not only save human
lives but also reduce the time required for
emergency responders to arrive at the site. It helps
in alerting the driver and helps them to be more
conscious in driving. It also delivers voice message
to reduce the speed. The percentage of number of
accidents drastically comes down and leads to well-
being of humans. The future scope of this device
can be modified by introducing the health related
sensors like heart rate sensor so that the drivers’
health can be recorded and if required the
emergency services can act both faster and safer.
REFERENCES
[1] M. Virant and M. Ambrož, “Universal Safety Distance
Alert Device for Road Vehicles,” Electronics, vol. 5, no. 4,
p. 19, Apr. 2016.
[2] Z. Wang, Q. Wan, Y. Qin, S. Fan, and Z. Xiao, “Intelligent
algorithm in a smart wearable device for predicting and
alerting in the danger of vehicle collision,” Journal of
Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. 11,
no. 9, pp. 3841–3852, Dec. 2019.
[3] J. B. K. Gangone, “An Ineligible and Unauthorized Motor
Vehicle Driver Access control and Sleep State Alert
System: An Offline based Model,” 2019 10th International
Conference on Computing, Communication and
Networking T echnologies (ICCCNT ), Jul. 2019.
[4] Z. Halim, R. Kalsoom, S. Bashir, and G. Abbas, “Artificial
intelligence techniques for driving safety and vehicle crash
prediction,” Artificial Intelligence Review, vol. 46, no. 3,
pp. 351–387, Feb. 2016.
[5] J. K. Naufal, J. B. Camargo, L. F. Vismari, J. R. de
Almeida, C. Molina, R. I. R. Gonzalez, R. Inam, and E.
Fersman, “A2CPS: A Vehicle-Centric Safety Conceptual
Framework for Autonomous T ransport Systems,” IEEE
T ransactions on Intelligent T ransportation Systems, vol.
19, no. 6, pp. 1925–1939, Jun. 2018.
[6] Mukhtar, L. Xia, and T . B. T ang, “Vehicle Detection
T echniques for Collision Avoidance Systems: A Review,”
IEEE T ransactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,
vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 2318–2338, Oct. 2015.
[7] J. Funke, M. Brown, S. M. Erlien, and J. C. Gerdes,
“Collision Avoidance and Stabilization for Autonomous
243
 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies [ICICT 2021]
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP21F70-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-8501-9

Vehicles in Emergency Scenarios,” IEEE Transactions on

Control Systems Technology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1204–
1216, Jul. 2017.
[8] M. Abdelsalam and T . Bonny, “IoV Road Safety: Vehicle
Speed Limiting System,” 2019 International Conference
on Communications, Signal Processing, and their
Applications (ICCSPA), Mar. 2019.
[9] Sarbini, M. A. M., Hassan, S. B., Jiann, T . S., & Ahmad,
P. N. P. (2014). Design of a RFID-based speed monitoring
system for road vehicles in Brunei Darussalam. 2014
International Conference on Computer, Communications,
and Control T echnology (I4CT ).
doi:10.1109/i4ct.2014.6914178.
[10] Sivakumar Balakrishnan & Krishnamurthy
Karuppanagounder (2019). Cost of two-wheeler road
accidents in India. International Journal of Injury Control
and Safety Promotion 26(2).pp: 185 – 191.
[11] R. K. Kodali and M. Sairam, “Over speed monitoring
system,” 2016 2nd International Conference on
Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I), Dec.
2016.
[12] S. K. Singh, “Road T raffic Accidents in India: Issues and
Challenges,” T ransportation Research Procedia, vol. 25,
pp. 4708–4719, 2017.

978-1-7281-8501-9/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE 244

Authorized licensed use limited to: ULAKBIM UASL - Uluslararasi Kibris Universitesi. Downloaded on May 19,2021 at 12:28:21 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.