Name : Atika Arsy

Class : 1B

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

I. DEFINITION
The simple present (also called present simple or present indefinite) is a verb
tense which is used to show repetition, habit or generalization. Less commonly,
the simple present can be used to talk about scheduled actions in the near future
and, in some cases, actions happening now.

SENTENCE FORMULA Example

Positive Verbal S + V1 + Complement - They go to school
sentence (+) S +/- Auxilliary every day
(do/does) + - Nita goes to the market
Complement every morning
Nominal S + Be (am/is/are) + - I am here everyday
Complement - He is very beautiful
Negative Verbal S + Auxiliary - I do not study English
Sentence (-) (do/does) + Not + - He does not study
Complement english
Nominal S + Be (am/is/are) + You are not a student
Not + Complement
Interrogativ Verbal Do/Does + S + V1 + - Do you speak
e Sentence Complement + ? Spanish?
(?) - Does she go to school
every day?
Nominal Be (am/is/are) + S + Are you a student here?
Complement + ?
# Time Signal
A. ADVERB OF TIME : Usually placed or used at the beginning or end of a
sentence.
- Every year
- Every month
- Every week
- Every day
- At seven
- Here / there
- Twice a day
B. ADVERB OF FREQUENCY : Usually placed before the verb or after to be
- Seldom
- Always
- Sometimes
- As a rule
- Often
- Ever
- Nowadays
 - Frequently
- One in a while
- Normally
- Commonly
- Generally

II. THE USE

We use the present tense :
A. For habits :
- He drinks tea at breakfast.
- She only eats fish.
- They watch television regularly.
B. For repeated actions or events :

Use the simple present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual.
The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or
something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets
or usually does not do.
- We catch the bus every morning.
- It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
- They drive to Monaco every summer.

C. For general truth / facts :

The simple present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true
before, is true now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the
speaker is correct about the fact. It is also used to make generalizations about
people or things.
- Water freezes at zero degrees.
- The Earth revolves around the Sun.
- Her mother is Peruvian.
D. For instructions or directions :
- Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
- You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
E. For scheduled events in the near future :

Speakers occasionally use simple present to talk about scheduled events in the
near future. This is most commonly done when talking about public
transportation, but it can be used with other scheduled events as well.
- The train leaves tonight at 6 PM.
- The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM.
- When do we board the plane?
- The party starts at 8 o'clock.
 - When does class begin tomorrow?

F. For now (Non-Continuous Verbs) :

Speakers sometimes use the simple present to express the idea that an action is
happening or is not happening now. This can only be done with non-
continuous verbs and certain mixed verbs.
- I am here now.
- She is not here now.
- He needs help right now.
- He does not need help now.
- He has his passport in his hand.
- Do you have your passport with you?

III. VERB CONJUGATION AND SPELLING

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (Without the TO).
In general, in the third person we add ‘S’ in the third peson.

SUBJECT VERB THE REST OF THE

SENTENCE
I / You / We / They Speak / learn English at home.
He / She / It Speaks / learns English at home.
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of
that verb:
A. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third
person.
1. Go – goes
2. Catch – catches
3. Wash – washes
4. Kiss – kisses
5. Fix – fixes
6. Buzz – buzzes

B. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

1. Marry – marries
2. Study – studies
3. Carry – carries
4. Worry – worries
NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
1. Play – plays
2. Enjoy – enjoys
3. Say – says
IV. SENTENCE FORM AND FORMULA
A. STATEMENT
1. POSITIVE SENTENCE
To form an affirmative / positive sentence, the formula is :

Verbal : S + V1 + Complement
Or
S +/- Auxilliary (do/does) + Complement
Nominal : S + Be (am/is/are) + Complement

Example :
- Susi Pudjiastuti is the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries.
- She reads Harry Potter books every day.
- They watch new movies every Sunday.

2. NEGATIVE SENTENCE
To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or
Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might,
should etc.).

Affirmative : You speak French.

Negative : You don't speak French.

You will see that we add don't between the subject and the verb. We
use Don't when the subject is I, you, we or they.

Affirmative : He speaks German.

Negative : He doesn't speak German.

When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject and

the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the end of
the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person)
disappears in the negative sentence. The formula is :

Verbal : S + Auxiliary (do/does) + Not + Complement

Nominal : S + Be (am/is/are) + Not + Complemet

B. INTERROGATIVE
To make interrogative / question sentence. The formula is :

Verbal : Do/Does + S + V1 + Complement + ?

You will see that we add DO at the beginning of the affirmative sentence to
make it a question. We use Do when the subject is I, you, we or they.

Affirmative : He speaks French.

Question : Does he speak French?
 When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the
affirmative sentence a question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb
in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person) disappears in the
question.

We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal

Verbs (can, must, might, should etc.). The formula is :

Nominal : Be (am/is/are) + S + Complement + ?

Example :
- Is Susi Pudjiastuti the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries?
- Are you new staff of Wall Street English?
- Are they football fans of Persija Jakarta?
# Short answers with do and does
In questions that use do / does if it is possible to give short answers to direct
question as follows :

SAMPLE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWER SHORT ANSWER

(AFFIRMATIVE) (NEGATIVE)
Do you like chocolate? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Do I need a pencil? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
Do you both like Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
chocolate?
Do they like chocolate? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Does he like chocolate? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
Does she like chocolate? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.
Does it have four wheels? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

However, if a question word such as who, when, where, why, which, or how
is used in the question, you can not use the short answers above to respond to
he question.