0680/13 Cambridge IGCSE – Mark Scheme October/November 2020

PUBLISHED
Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) any three from: 3

MEDC low(er) birth rate / LEDC high(er) birth rate;
availability of contraceptives;
MEDC low(er) death rate / LEDC high(er) death rate;
MEDC long(er) life expectancy / LEDC low(er) life expectancy;
MEDC more elderly dependents / LEDC more younger dependents;
availability of health care;
availability of nutritious food;
availability of clean safe water;

1(a)(ii) fewer males than females in each age group / ORA; 2

same trend / percentage decreases with age for both males and females;

1(b) any one from: 1

increased cost of health care;
increased cost of pensions;
increase in (elderly) dependency;
smaller working population;
fewer people paying (income) tax;
increased knowledge base;

Question Answer Marks

2(a) storm surges / tsunamis / snowmelt / land relief / saturated soil / compacted soil / deforestation / cultivation / urbanisation / rise 1

in sea level / climate change;

2(b) any one positive effect: 2

deposition of silt on farmland / increased fertility of soil;
idea of benefits of planned flooding, e.g. reservoir / HEP;

any one negative effect:

loss of, life / livestock / crops;
damage to, buildings / infrastructure;
contamination of water / water-related disease;
financial loss;

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