You are on page 1of 20

‫ماشین های الکتریکی ‪1‬‬

! " #

+ +, - / * +, -. ! + + * ) % % & ' (

*!

! " 0

- / ! 6 78 * ) 5 - / ). 2 3" & *) .4 12 - /

= # &.;, +> %< % ,* 5 % :! ;

A> : 4 ) 6' 5 @ 5 < 5 :! ;

# $% ! "

! " B8 )# BCDE * :
' &"

! " # $$$

%& ! " # $'(

)* +, - *+! +
* + . # $'(
* ()

'+

H! E @ + +, G / 4& ' +;, " * + + % B" + +, % B4 F !

H)* + - / J )* + I, - / J I ) K - / *! + +, - /

* 4 7 % & ' ( ! .- EI JA + + * +, % : ' BL M 7

NI( * ! @ 4OC & @ / A( ! 6 P ) . B" + +, % 7 B4 A7M "

H ! ) K % ,* Q 1

' ! , -

! A4 R B" A2 + > " + +, " M H! M 6 E G4 + +, " + +, )

T + +, " ) B+ # BU H! M &+/ S ; B S S #

" R * H!! M VDE / , FL W B" !"N ) H! E &P R

]A [ B" \ / H !! M ) "Y Z" " "* X R

φ/ -
0!12 / 032 4 0 2

'. ! -

6 C" * " B" J 4 A4 R / , FL " ) ! 6 A> " 5 + +, " M

H A O* ; , * ) [ B" B4 !! M : .>

)
6

= υ ×Β

: .> \K * J 5 JT " &4 \K C > " / " B / ! + +, " Z M

= 5 0 υ × Β2 ] !! M

] / " B /! T " M

5/8
/809 × 2/ 08 × 2
/ ∫8 ×

' / 0! -

* B1I ! / , FL A ! " H ! F 6 E 6 A> A 5 + +, " A4 R )

]A I" ) [ G _ X, [ ! * ! / VDE * ") [N ! # ^( ! 5 " B8P 7"

µ: υ ×
Β= 5 03 2

µ : = 7π × : −; B 8" `a 7

H / " B / ! ! K* " Z B+ , R ! HA * B1I O 1" )# A-K * B ( M B.EL 5 " B+ ! " ]

7
*
8

µ: υ×
Β= 5

⇒Β=∫
µ: Ι l × µ: Ι l ×
0 2υ = l⇒ Β=
7π 7π

' ! 1 23 4 5

! # ^( ! µ : `, * A 12 8 X R " 6 ! # ^( ! HA '; ! # ^( ! 8'[ -b "

H! 4 @! 7 µ µ: K B" ) 8X R " 12 -1 ! HA" S A ! >

] / I B ! *! B" 8 X R " 6 c B1I !

H /" A" S µ ] -I > &b * ( d! 5

HA A" S < ] * (! 5$

] E I B ! *! B" ! 2 * (!

H /" 8 X R" 6 ]W * (! 5

@! M / A P 2 * 8 ) K & > *! X R " 6 ] AD * (! 5$

H . *"

' ! 1

]! / e ; 6 C" " ) 6 / !"


r
Η=
µ

(
, + A .4 >J 6 -K . ! * A2 + A P 2 ! B4 * *\ GF. -1 "

] ! * " ) [ @! 7 "H /" A-K \ #" * @! "

7π ∫
Ι l× Ι l×
Η= ⇒Η =

] ! ! F " " B" * @! ' A" S f .> µ

µ = µ 0Η 2 032

+ /<

"0-? 2 ] A" S A ! > µ * ( d! !

] /" 6 C" "# G " B1" * (! !

032

< < A

"0-? 2
"0-? 2

µ = µ: µ 0 ' ` a 72

' 6$

g # ) [ h' ∫ Β l = µ :Ι ∫Η l = Ι

] ! \" *! 8 ) K " @ M

=
ΝΙ = ∫ Η l
B4 * ] @8/

] F c ! @'L

- BCDE FCG
1

H! M . " ! Ki

I ⇒ "/:
J1 ⇒ "/:
I I1 ⇒

∫" = @8 ⇒ ∫ "
ΝΙ ΝΙ
θ = ⇒ π = ⇒Η= ⇒Β=µ
π

: π π

- )! " A2 + j ( " ! / B' "

φ = ∫Β Α = ∫
µΝΙ µΝΙ −
Α= Α⇒ = +
π π

] ! (

µΑ µΑ
= ΝΙ ⇒ φ = =
π l

φ=

= =
ll l
Α σΑ
=
l
µ

;
+ +,

60 2 0 2
8 ↔ K
L ↔ L

) Z1I l1 * $k N < ;/ A j* 7 &+/ @'L

` a 7 X _H /" ok - )# '> I ) K * *! mnn i *! ! ; / "

] A p 81 A knn B '

8 B A * I 5e,

G !"* p
@
- @ 'LB ! / , FL * / 5q

]&R

π π 0: (2
= = = = ;' × : = 0
l
? 2
µΑ µΑ (:: × 7: × : −; × ) × : − 7
= = =::0 (2 = $::
$::
= = = (; $= 0 ? 2
l υ π 0: (2
$::
φ= = = ) 7 × : −7 0 2
;' × : =

φ ) 7 × : −7
= = = :' 0 2
Α ) × : −7

= ) K ! F" &+/ @ G ! / :! ; / , FL D" M * "* &+/ !

H 4p R

'
H /" 0rsn ' `a 7

7
8
'

:(
@/(::

7
7
7
]&R
7
:

l / 0 =M 72 M =: /:=
)
l /: ( × :

- /-&/ = × : 7
l& : ( × : −)
L& = = = 7' =' × : ) 0- 2
µ : Α & 07π × : 20 = × : 2
−; −7 !1

= ;7 $;$ × : ) Α
:=
L = =
l
µ : µ Α 07π × : 20)$':20 = × : 2
−; −7 !1
φ = ΒΑ = ( )( = × : 7 ) = = × : −) !1
= 0L & + L 2φ = ( ? ; '(-
( ? ; '(
= @8 ⇒ Ι = = :)(;-
(::
' 7 +8 ) 9

]A A . \ R &P ( ! B + *!

H /" #B ! A *I E " X ." B8P ( 4, A *I 5

$
L =
l
µ :µ Α
l&
L& =
µ:Α
µ
L& = L
l ? l&

〈〈 µ ⇒ L & ? L 〉〉
l
l&

@ J@ G B" H E & . )* " A. B" [ &P ( '> W F !) 3 12 5$

@! 7 B1" ft .; &P ( Z1I l1 B' "H M0 & & ,, 2 / M 4

]! E
1

&

-&/0 M &2 01M &2

' 6$ :

! " H! 4 @! 7 &R " :! ; ) / " 12 d " B+ P !

] ! ! 2 " B8u < *! " U ! H A( M c ! 12 d " A * I B4 B + G G ( M c

H!! M B' " A W 8; φ •

H! / B' " φ / A W 8; •

:
] :* < &

H !WU WM9 " U !

H 4 B' * , FL J B Z1I l1 * φ / B" BK "5

φ
=
Α

H *# A " " < '/ * @ #A " * 5$

*# A " A. [ ! 50

/" l
] *# A " ! &4 5v

=∑ =∑ l

] * +, B, ]: b

&+/ @ ! ( /. :! ; / D" M

B KH 4p R ! ! F"

H F" c ! M B D !t (

H F" c ! / M 4 S

l& / : (

B h.> /

l = 0) + ; (2 + 0: (2 =

-/ :7
-&/0 M l 201M l 2/0: : M: (N : )2 / : ( × : =
φ (: × :−=
= = = : 7()(
: ( × :− =
: 7()(
= = = )=: $ × :)
φµ: 7π × : −;

= l = )=: $0 2
φ (: × :− =
= = =:( ⇒ = )(:
:− 7
= l = )(:0: 2 = ;;0 2
= + = )=: $ + ;; = 7); $0 2

]W*! < &

Bw" w " B+ w # wU ! 8wP &+w/ H!! M B' / " * A W 8; :RG !

H! 4 @! 7 ) x* *! H / " ) + A. [ ! B8P R / B4 ! 4 I B7,

3 O + 12 * ; x* 5e,

H! / & ' :* < B" B, 6 C !H y RB " _* 7 /5

H 4 p R &4 5$

B8R B" 6 C d !@ p K B" B, 6 C ! A/ ! AI" 1 ;[ * " &4 M 50

H 4 + &R * *

@! $ " -. " ] . x* ] p

H 4 & ' φ5 - B" @! *! " - "5

φ / - # /" l
H!! M & ' φ B" A Wt ! ") + Z1I l1 M •

H!! M & ' B" " A W t ! " ) + A. [*! !B N : M •

H! 4 @! 7 " ). !" [ "! *! M •

G " B8P ( B4 ! [ :* B φ− 4 B * * 6 C" W*! B φ− 5$

H / " &4 @ B" I( * 6C D ' *!

H B" A. [ * ! BU / *! [Y & 50

\ /: 7 \ /: 7
] A j* 7 * "* 6 P B" @ ]:b

PQRS YZ[TUVWX PQRS

l =l = 7
− = ' × : −7

H! / '::-3 B B" @ / : .> B4 *# A " ) 6 / * / , FL

+ / M /" ] " ] /0" M" 2 ]


'::/0" M" 2: 7 ⇒ " M" / :::

)
" /7::
" / ::: 7::/ =::
/ / / )(3 )(032

φ/ -/ : ' × : 70.12

'; < =

G M '" : R H ! " ) " ` /*) K c ! &'[ -ED" !

H! `M - " S BL /") " `

' ;= ) ! - > ;= 5 / 0

@i B4 M c ! @'L H! E I, % ,* ) # z> " )

H!! M &P R 0φ 2 / * ! `F" )# 8 ) K * / " @ / @ = )# *! B" { *!

*! / 0φ 2 &P R /* @ *! ! ; p _ &P R H ! M " ! / &4 i *!

H! /

] ;

λ = Νφ
λ φ
= =Ν 0 2

'. ?

] ; ) K B" *! / &4 A' "A " "i :! ; 4* e ; B" "

7
λ
=

λ Νφ ΝΑΒ Ν Α Β λ
= = ⇒ = =
Ηl ? Ν l Η
λ
φ = ΑΒ# l=Ν

] ! BI8R @ !
Φ
Νφ Ν Ν Ν Ν
= = = ⇒ =
Φ
λ
= = 0 2= +

λ
0 2= 0202= 02
=

⇒ = λ=Ν φ⇒
0 2= 

=l 
⇒ = 0 lΑ 2 Η Β
φ = Α Β ?

"

' .3 . >

| \( " H 4 '> ) K )# * /" @ / B " i *(B *! B" 4 j(

* !| 4 = ) K M : R H!* " < '/ B" B B+ " | \( * / B1I

B @! 6 '> B" H / D 7P ,* J / 7P " * 6 C ! " 7P B" #

H A P2G H 4 }7R ! 2 A P2

(
1

:p p ⇒ : # f :# Η f :
, 7

(3?7 p p ⇒ # f :# Η f :
3? 7
3?7 1 )3?7 3
)
p p ⇒ # p :# Η p :
7
)
p p ⇒ # p :# Η p :
7
(
p p ⇒ # f :# Η f :
7

+,

"

78 D BI8R B" 4 )M M B ! "y ) K " B M

] /" < '/ ). G T ) + B4

=
AD *(! !* G .4 X B" " _ * W *(! !

H /"

' > + 8@ = 58

=∫
υ ,
f :# p:⇒ p:
p :# p:⇒ f:
p :# f:⇒ p:
f :# f:⇒ f:

] ! ~ ( &+/ *! Z.K

=∫ =
υ

" U B1" • BI8R ! C l1 / ^ 0 2 (I I (

78 ) • * / ^ ,0 2 0 )
2

;
'C B 0= A ! "

B ! " ! M ) K ! U z> " @ / I, % ,* G * ! / I, % ,* ! U z> " B ! /

~ B" B 78 ) G | 4 " H! / B ) / W M BU !* 78 ) z> " B4 ! E

* / _ 0, 2

'+ 1 58

*+ /* M*

-)
l) "* : :: B8P ( ! / 0

J / " *! @/(:: M H / "


@
- H 4p R 8) K
l

l ] B+ # " 3* E
l -
-7
l7

l = 7: l = 7 l) = l7 = = l = ( × : −)

- /7: - / -)/-7/ ( -&/ =

'
H /" @ / ") +8 !t ( ~ * B K

)(
:$
:'

: (: $:: "

] &R

φ
= = : ;=$0 2 ⇒ = == ) × :) 0 2
µ:
= l = () :)0 2

φ) φ
= = = =:' ⇒ = = :0 2
Α) Α)
) 7 ) 7

) = 7 = ) l) = 7 l7 = ) 0 2

= + + = ( 7)0 2⇒ = = '$; =)0


) 7
l 2
⇒ = )70 2 ⇒ φ = = =:' × : −) 0 2

φ = φ + φ) = ) =:' × : −) 0 2
φ
= = : $: ⇒ = (:0 2

= l = =:0 2⇒ = + = ;( 7)0 ! 2 ⇒ = = : ((

', D ) 7

]A [ B" )# '> ) K " i ! *! / B1"

λ = −: ( − (

] 4 p R @ / @ 2a % H / " g # son ) K M

You might also like