THEINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION connesspon, Se REVOLUTION reo LSIMPACT ON ARCHITECTURE, . {piistializaion burdened Architecture with teehneal deme likes wi Aeeproof structures, heating, and. ventilating, caiculstions beyond the knowledge ‘twstures seemed unworthy ofan Architect's Artistic Sensiblty, ide span bridges, red lot of mathematical 1.GIMPACT ON ACADEMICS — haa kettle was osaized and a ingore competion: The French toy eae Ws whee te inate wins wr sent ran nde oe at formulated in the Ist of pret teacher like Jaeger Geran eon reach Revlon red with he Acdeny of Aled Sedo ceo! nas fomded to tain EiGincers EeleFuviomeres eet nition to the importance ef moder Ci tan only formal re, cist inthe es with emphasis on deg achetue san A toe Structural innovations were made possible by the use of metal also led tinercased use of ‘acta in construction, Brieks&Timber were produced industrial. ~ C2i iron columns were used for compression replaced wooden posand Wroug as used in beams for its high tensile strength, Cast iron and Wrought iron took over a fire resistant roofing materia. GLASS (instead of cited papers) became popular for windows panes ise of Industrial Architecture; Demand for new types of buildings to meet sew secio- noms nezds: Temple forms were too inflexible an envelope to contain the complicated Functions ofa bani: or a goverment bu Introduction of modem hinged&stiding windows. R.C.C.1- Modern Revival of Conerete by th bene. and es on vw building programs, Ligh ansparent Glas topped eazopy re nse Barrel vault was preferred for punning commercial scade or covers stooping [Lame go Independent economie vals Development in Steet replaced est fe snd roi to fr hig compres ad seals anand much cheaper to produc Scanned with CamScanner‘Shine sian Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerCimpiokoy ed Fo ph eel PD Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerro pootty Lossy Scanned with CamScannereceemnasion Bowe Tod Scanned with CamScanner‘Schoen Departmen! Str Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanneret fe er mig Cin care Se Scanned with CamScannerSuperior dArgutetrs in rca, “ie eer ua’ ss scot Yeti. pues areh lo ae Sas Sie aati «+ Teasing te for of mre drogh mata flies sone, okra at ith ror 8 Scanned with CamScannerwpe Actere ON 5 ims lings: wi re Hentai wooed Serene carter > yea oyna es, He dt nr onl ‘os odo hiro comin ey vig tt he + whatapesynmertel poston Bek ieauppering = aaa el Soy ° thea and sought to dx * “+ Ithas acuciform piag, with a fiveaisled nave, semen of ys age and sae wh Gut concived hn crate Cesena Tene bee Se See oettetet Femi fom ral en fmt os Wergi rains ymiatateo es tate ds Th atc ig vinta ‘signed ghd are in. consi tnfnand ~ Fatimalomn caanector coimanniserse) Har fone edo te igo dy eaten coatpeto Scanned with CamScannerCast Orzo of vgs est ee Menagerie Pate ot presred He was an lated ai Sages Wiener Sons (option Ray baling wes Chafes Pennie Hast 46 Csi Releases syne onsen iat eal a get. Es ream set io, amt in ec al rigor ie rete Nodes ws te : eh cea et ator — tera wal pegg see Lon ep we Sorel pons. (ee Rie ty lr Scanned with CamScanner st fone Tena vert ee, tcl wetot or assure cuiTecTuRE Chapter §: BAUHAUS (German verb for "build") Architecture Hot Boul SAHISTORY Stavd|reher 12 Hiches Bauhaus, an art and architecture schooler Gerainy (191971933) jy St 9eos |e Aen co deig tit developed and taught became on of hemos inetd in Modernist architecture! Bauhaus in Germany can be taken as one of the foremost ural moveTnent that successfully catered the modern requirements. fit ito the modern ies into the ideals formed dating the midale ages by Kin end Kilene Founded by Walter Gropius merging the Weimar School of Arts and Crafts and the Weimar Academy of Fine Arts, with the in school, crafis school and academy of arts, The Baha ntion of ereating 2 combined architecture ifferent 9 -1928), 30-1933) znd polities. Most ofthe contents of the workshops had been sold ofT during Woelé War I ts ime that the “ultimate aim of all er ctivity ng”. And it manif + Design inaovations asso drops snd functionality, and the idea that mi radically simplified forms, the le. In 1907, AEG n work forthe C ioe Behrens as aristic design. pbc rated art and m essellseha?) iy logotype, produ 1 in histo essfully inte seneine Elekta: for that he is considered th lg Nee Te aa SEG Turbine Titan SWE” SURES Scanned with CamScannera eet Wt = aeitememcmetn mene acme See Seon ame Sopa 4 prs wall Polyponalprofie af roof se 4 se0TwtingEesos + Change om Expression to New Obi teh 8 196 otter Sate cena wae Se sxe eee aeons Deu cy tin teen tr te En me = fecherneemrone fi Seense we ity area ad tn abjcties ee neces occa ant econ a Scanned with CamScannersaa Sed ort Ir co suena = “aden prob a Tagen rome sera gn a Ther, eee ena me cee cD a mr mi mens hs fh coral ve staan cx ol at Sle nay tact ie sera ape EE es a sey in nal inion ssa.the csi Court ‘Seay oar ees pn yo en wl oe ee ea i esse aad ig ml ‘svn ty Pc, mowed Aspen Curae msn cee get eet et fr pein pt 1 Te are Sm wa snopes eeu [NSE Tarte ain nse fn a ayo enn soa yo ie ci i ns ina fo “bans ur at es inn a Scanned with CamScannerare ee ae nnn aan Bienlo eect eorkatioe raced even 911 1913, haan deamon IE ‘tiene buns ena nfo i ioe ‘sie nds dbl picbed Kets oct ft income de isesie iga wh ‘sonal min Poe as 220 ita sien of entesiocand interior. Scanned with CamScannerSeer onc ss Spear cy dep Scanned with CamScannerTioto/Asu cd A major arehit he base desian prin C rntects ofthe formative devades 0 TL jematured into moderns —derraming of the international ste wasyasone theta “continental jMentity, The desig solutions were indiffereat to | Stle dominated prog ually refer 1 the buildings and before World War IL After World War sigh wel inthe 19605 Madernism; The Modernist Movers idea that “madiional” forms of at i sas rooted i Tie had beso esniques andthe machine att, eplance of We auto ofthe future juplification, hou TUS architects of the sae period the work of Louis Suiivan in Ci af Leving taht Scanned with CamScannerMop of ste andconest pte mas +The trsparencyofultings and hoe eps ance eas Siete ose) vin Scanned with CamScanner+ We aserance eg 46147 and ‘rei. Ins dm tie Pte Scanned with CamScannerget er Scanned with CamScanner“ASSOCIATED ARCUTECTS ANDTHE ORES | 27 -vtn aoc ome 83907 oe ae Ader 1400) sn. amen 1416) toss an (8561920) + at. ec ag er (2 ree facd cet pl Ske to ~ Neen Scanned with CamScannerOsos nicHaKo, sat ie rere Scanned with CamScannerRegard a pita at sreaper css > TT, as DSR am REE) + “Foon fol fnon™ wonks Seamer oie Baling cee i 48, eared 195 foie sue Bult 189, Resred (567, = Euice pty Ha, shod wasn Fs Wareose extn 136 ea ones eg (180-185) endo iy ses Scanned with CamScannernopesinatt 50 fil poner 2 th ie oe yd a: oir pe tone' in o onrbin ‘ Me ete acinealwnp mtd te define ntl fe “fied ome cod tdentved nt ln cen eee ee ink tame) 1 Sone pa dame, ety Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerSB (Choer 92: wuss consTRUCTHVISE Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner“Ho PmSAITA ORAL Unpretbiny eve toda don oe + Tent of fe Ef i veh i sac ctote Me ony imu Scanned with CamScannerSTEREO yap epee 2, sav me Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanneretn es 0 WE ON tenaabntaeer? ~ 20 emma age Scanned with CamScannerYe BIO om ak ele ghd yo teveg ala ae sepa aoe ie te tote See at oy En She Tye insta wah pec | F eas feces maddy th “Wied oh pes ees shat edad ie ee ghee ads eee ees tee se henua tli oll yates te ay oe ee eae agin Fis tae tla as E ' Feri pl pede ace zs bee gant aaa i Ae pte oe ; Saleh ot be ce, atslen eget Scanned with CamScannerChapter 13: Modern Architecture in NEPAL 13.4 PRETEXT constructional patter caderlying purpose ture lourished in the Malla period, in 3 comp: peach other. While varians ofthe p syed Siithara styte. Buildings were most linked by similarity of sive variety of architectural styles, all pier by thei —— 5 infegrated into a homogeneous COMP ye an eX = itive environment with dif Archie! le are predominant, there ences were b planning. posts and beams, wooden Sun burnt and Kiln oF was an extensive use of B: the 19" Century in the Neo-el ‘ging, mosily pala jg and Roman Engine Nepal. Bull from the Gr re the 80 torrowed elements ers of the 0 Kumar Narsingh Rana 2 432 CONTENT Modern Are Scanned with CamScannerSch Durga Nal espite the familys wish for Scanned with CamScanner