POCCHIICKAA AKAEMHS1 HAYK MHCTHTYT MCTOPHH MATEPHAJIBHOM KYJIBTYPbI HOBFOPOACKHM FOCY/[APCTBEHHBIM YHUBEPCHTET MMEHH s1POCJIABA MY/{POrO Y HCTOKOB PYCCKON TOCY]APCTBEHHOCTH K 30-nemuio apxeoaoeureckozo usyuenua HoeeopodcKoeo Piopuxosa Popoduya u Hoeeopodckoti obnacmnoti apxeonoeuveckott 9KcneduYyUU MCTOPUKO-APXEOJIOPMYECKUM CBOPHUK Marepnanst MexayHapomnoit Hayunoii Konepenunn 4-7 oxraGps 2005 r., Benuxuii Hopropos, Pocens B -TIETEPBYPI 2007RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE FOR THE HISTORY OF MATERIAL CULTURE NOVGOROD STATE UNIVERSITY THE ORIGINS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE To the 30" anniversary of the archaeological studies of Novgorod Ryurik Gorodishche and the Novgorod Oblast Archaeological Expedition HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTION OF ARTICLES Proceedings of International Scientific Conference October 47, 2005, Veliky Novgorod, Russia St-PETERSBURG 2007MEPECTPOMKA JPEBHEMLUIEM PYCCKOM MCTOPHH Koucmanmun Uyxepman cole pratique des havtes études, aprox, Opancuen (RE-)STRUCTURING EARLY RUSSIAN HISTORY Constantin Zuckerman cole pratique des hautes études, Paris, France ABSTRACT: The dates provided by the Russian Primary Chronicle forthe events of the second half ofthe ninth and the first half of the tenth century are widely recognized 10 be guesses by an early-twelfih-century compiler. Scholars admit that these dates cannot resist critical scrutiny, yet quote them nevertheless as a matter of tradition ‘and convenience. The present survey summarizes a series of studies by the author (while adding some new argu- ‘ments) which plead for a critical chronological scheme based on a careful re-examination of the Chronicle's textual structure as well as on a comprehensive re-reading of the non-Russian sources for the period. This exercise produces a series of dates which differ from the traditional chronology. The most significant and demonstrable changes con- sist in reducing the reign of Riurik's son, Igor, from 912-945 10 941-945, and in delaying the arrival of Rjurik him- self from 862 to the 890s, The chronological changes proposed suggest a different pattern for the events that led to the creation of the Russian state than commonly believed. Whatever its possible drawbacks, the new chronological scheme claims one distinct advantage over the old: every date proposed is backed by evidence and can be scrutinized, thus opening the way for criticism and iniprovement. B pane craref, seimemunx 3a nOCKEAKME rombt Ha aurmuficxon H ppanttyscKom sabikax, x mpertoxi HoBBII MlOnxON K MpoGeMaM xpoHONOTHH COOKITH onOxH CTaHonieHHe Apepuelimen pyccKoit rocymap- erpenioctn. Orpsisox 13 nepaoii Moci paGorst Ha ary Temy Osun onyGanKoBan Ha pyccKoM s3BIKC, B 60- ee NlOMKOM BIgIe OHA MosBHaCk Ha ykpAHHcKOM (Zuckerman, 1995. P, 231-270; Uyxepman, 1996. C. 68-80; Lipxepman, 2003a. C. 53-84). Coxpamen- nusit pycckiit mepeson eitle omHOMi craTbH, a 3aTeM it ce noanpiit napnartr, Tax xe bint B cact B PoccHt ua Yepanne (Zuckerman, 2000a. P. 95-120; Hyxep- Man, 2001. C, 55-10; Hyrepman, 20036, C. 76-99), ‘Sr ny6anKatun nocmyKnAN MpHTNaMeHHEM K MHC [KYCCHH H BEISBAAH PAX KDHTHHCCKHX OTKAHKOB, KAK B ONEMUMeCKHX CTATHAX, TAK H B CTIEUHAAHIX Heome- AOBAHHAN, NOCBAULEHHBIX ApeBHEPYCCKOMT MCTOPHH. AA ucspeane Gnaronaper peaaxunam usta, onySaukosamunnx MoH repenosnnte paGorst, 3a B03 MOXHOCT OSKAKOMHTS C HHIMH TOT KpYr 4HTTaTe:teit, KoTOpOMY OHH B rlepayto o¥epent H anpeconaHts, a YHACTHHKAM AMCKYCCHH 3a BbICKASAHMDIE SaMeNAHHC Onnako npuxomeres © comarenHeM KoHcTaTHpo- aT», HTO JLCKYCCHH, COBCTREHHO TOROPR, Ht He MO arywnnoce. Crop ies 0 sICTANAX, KOTOPBIE TAK HTH MnaYe OKasaMHeS Ha MepHbepHN MOHX HecTENORA- ‘TeABCKHX NOCTPOCHH WIM KE KACAIMCH CTO ‘oGutenpHiATDIX NOTOKeHMii, “TO MHE He TIpHINLTO B romosy OGocHosbiBaT» Hx jlonoNHHTENSHO. Tak, Ha- npumep suis B. B. Cenona, Koropomy o6x3an ait Gomtee OSCTONTEMbHBIM OTIKIBOM Ha MOH paBOTEs, OC- HOBHBIM KAMHEM IPCTKHOBCHIA ABILTOCD CKARAHH koe nponexoxneHne pycH H oKaniannia PyccKOrO xaranara » Pycn cesepnofi. Onnaxo 06a 27H nlonoxe- smu HeoawokpaTHo yScauTensio Guta aprysen- “THpOBAHEI, B TOM HHENE H POCciBicKHMH KONLIETAMH, To pens Kax coBcraenmag runoresa 9Toro Hecze- RopaTens, OTOXNECTBIAOUIAR «PYob W3HAMAAIDHy!O C HIMeHBKOBCKOH aPxEONOTHECKOH KYABTYpO! H CO- ommercraeHHo moweutaoitaa KaraHar Ha cpesHell Bonre (Cedos, 2003. C. 3-14), nponomxaet cyuuect- ‘BOBaTE B HCTOPHECKOMl Hayke OCTATONHO H3ONKPO- saino. He metee PHCKOBAHHOH Mie KaKCTOR NOMEIT- ka B, $1, Tlerpyxiiia onpopepriyrs cam dak cyutect- ‘osanina Pyccxoro karanara (ITempyxun, 2001. C. 78- 82). Yecrs «orxpairisiy ororo Karanara npunasne- XuT He MHe, H spam mH B. SI. Merpyxnny yaactes OTMpaBHTs B HeOKITHE 9TO NOmTHYECKOE O6pAs0Ba- ue panitero epesneneKones. TiweKyecHs TaKxKe NOKasaa, 4TO MHOTHE ee ya- [CTHKHE OKaDAAICD AMID MACTHSHO 3HAKOMBI C MOC aprymentainelt. BcaMom ene, sHasntTenbibsit KDYT poGuem, PaCcMOTpeHNBIT! MHOIY B esRHHCTBE, OKA- ‘jaca pacTowen mo crarban, ony6nuKonamitbin 8 epuonHNecKiE H3zANHAX, He BEM He Boer a 0C- cTynmbix, B epsH COTHM # xoTeH Gu1 BocTIoNSsOnaTECRae MEDIEVALIA ‘cnywaeM sa0cTpiTD BiiKMaHNe WHTaTeAR B HacTOR- ‘melt ny6sxauut Ha TeX OCHOBHBIX MOMEHTaX, KO- ‘TopHte cTaaH OTMPABHO! TOKO! MOET XPOHOTO- Fimeckoro avamia HaNabHoit neTopHn Pyci (Ha6e- Tag, €CTECTBCHHO, MOBTOPeHUA yKC MponemeHHoro Miowo ucToHHMKOResIecKOro aKanHsa). TIpeanarac- MbIil TeKCT COXpanseT CTH AOKNANA, MpOHSHECeH- Horo anofi Ha xonepenuint 2005 r. » BenuKon Ho: Topone, # C6opaike watepHaiion KOTOpOH OHH BDIXO- aurr p caer. HeoGxomHMble CoBLTKH Ha HCTOSHEKH 1 naysnyio mmTepatypy mo6oaHaTenbiiit weraren aiiteT B MOHX xe OMYOAHKOBAHHBIX CTATSAX — HE Tepalo HanexTy, “Fo On OGpaTHTeR K HUM HeMOCpen- CTREHHO; Silecb KE 8 COCPENOTONY ETO BHHMAKHE Ha HenaBHNX nyGnMKaWUsX, pearHpys nonyTHO H Ha xparuy. 1. Xpononocus npasaenun xnasa Heops. B ocHove MoHx HcrTopHeckitx nocTpoeHttt nexiTT peckMa KOH- cepsarHBHtH MOAKON K MHCbMeHIBIM: HCTONIHKAM, peacranienisim, p mepsyto o¥epestD, eTOMHCANE. 51 yOexcten, 4TO, HasHHaR CToBecTBOBAHHA 06 HSTHA- kim papsros # mpHssaniin Plopnka, sAcTorcHbtit ‘Texcr maer, B OGuLeM, ROCTOREpHBIH 0630p KETOPHH Pycu, KoTopuili He npoTHBopeuitr iH CBCAeHHIRM HHO- CTPANHBIX HCTOMMHKOR, HM AaMMBIM apeonorHH, ‘Dror Gop socxomur « xpeBHelimmeMy TeKcTY, NoBe- craopapuieMy © HaXianbHBIX COBLITHRX PYCCKO He- ‘TOpHIH, TaK HastiBaemoMy «CKaSaHHIO”, © KOTOPOM esp eme Gyer wirrH mioKe, FlpoTuBopedti, # BecbMa CepsesHble, BOSHHKAIOT 8 MCTOpHOTpacH H5-34 TOTO, “HTO MIpHBHeceHHBIE NOSAHHM PenaKTOPOM B eTONHC- HBiH TeKcT aGcomoTHBLe Maret HOCMpHHHMAIOTER CCHEAOBATENEM KAK MACTD HSHAMATBHOTO MOBCCTRO- anus. [Ip 3TOM o¥esMIHo, To neToMHcHas xpOHO- norus HecnocoGHa arb oTBer Ha nlocrapmemibtt 1¢- TonucueM sonpoc «Orkyaa ecrt noua pyccxas. 3eM- aay, Havanbian sara eTOMMci, 3AKMCTBOBAHHGR 3 epesomNoil rpeseckoli xpoHHKH, OKASHIBACTER 0C- TaTOMHO cnywaliNofl H cBIUMeTeMBCTBYET STS O TOM, NTO HHKAKHME: CRESICHHLADAN, PHBXOARILMMH H3 MECT- Holt MeTopKuecKoit naMsTH, o COOBITHEX, MpesMecT- BOBABLINX HTHAKINO BApATOB, TeTONHCeN He OGA- san. Hcropns npanienus kiss Hrops 8 Hosropos- ckoii neppoli seromicH Metapuicro HoBORA, —KAK NaBeCTHO, TOYTH HeMMKOM CocTOHT HB onTofi Bece- Abt, KOTOPYIO KHASD BERET co cHOeH pyAKHO!. Co- rmactto crane 6430 (922) r. (HTL, 1950. 108), Oner oweMy-T0 CKOMHT ¢ HETOPHHECKOH CLIEHBI Toc NO- GexonocHoro noxoxa Ha Hapkrpas, MpHvem eTO- Itch npitBomIT Be BepCH O MecTe ero cMepTH, B Jla~ zore wit e, OcTacTCA HeOGEACHHIMDIM, Kak APYAHHHHKH Mrops ocne noGenoHocHoro NoxoRa Ha BrsaHTiO 1 nO- AYYCHHS GoraTsX Tomes NPOMOMKAMOT OCTABATECA “rast Bnpovem, He MHE SEC AOKASHIBATE, NTO TEKCT TIBJI apnserea sropuansin io oTHOMIeHIO K TOMY, wwro unrtaetes 8 HILI. O6utee cooTHomeHne MExKY ‘OG OHM TEKCTAMH OBUNO, KaK HSBECTHO, YeTAHOBTEHO A.A. Lllaxmatonein, a narrepecyrounit Hac OTpBIBOK sin nompoGHo paso6pan A.A. Tunnuycom (Mun- ‘nuye, 2001. C. 147-181), Koropsti onvpancs » caoem HocTeROBAHHH Ha MHHTBHCTHYECKHE KDHTEDHH H HE crapiin ceGe wenn mocTHY® XPOHOAOTHKD MpaBAeHitA xxsan Hropa, OstHaKo, OH MPesLOAHT PeKOHCTPYK- MO HEXOMHOTO TeKCTa BeCMa OIUSKYIO Toft, 4TO B ‘eB0e PEM MPEMTATANACh H MHOW B pAGOTe, ¢ KO- ‘Topoll oft He Oxin 3HaKoM (Zuckerman, 1995. P. 262- 264). Octiopuiste nonoxenns A. A. Punniyea, xonon- HewHIe H MepecMorpeHKete 8 pase Merase!, BOUT 8 ero moKTopexyio anccepraumio (Funnuye, 20066.Konemavomay Upsepuan, HEPECTPOHKA PEBHETILIET PYCCKOM HCTOPHH, as C. 24-26) n aBMAHCE OrpoMHIM taTOM Breped 8 13y- NeHMH TeKeTa nepBoHasambHOTo «CkaxAHHD, O KO- ‘TOPOM nifcaocb HeOAHOKpATHO (B YKA3AHHBIX pabO- ‘ax unrareas Hafiner GuGmHorpadito BoNpoCa), Ko KoTopoe cuHTanoce 10 Hey3HaBdeMOCTH 3apestaK- ‘TAPORANMBIN nosANCHUNMBH CRORMHKAMEL Ht epemic- wukami, Okaranocs, "ro 970 we TaK. Texcr «Ckasa- ‘ita yorleusHo rlozuLaeTCR peKoNerpykusH 8 CHAy KaK MHPBHCTANECKHX, TAK Ht TEKCTONOFHECKHX KPHTe- mes, Tlockonsky 9or spesteiiuinit Texcr nonxo- ermio yexombanya oT BkHMaKKE A. A. Lllaxwarona, paulenchMe ero B CocraBe neTOnHcH craKoBitTeR nep- pocrenenoi sanaveli Heerenonareneit, a nepecrpoii- Ka OciOn UIaXMaTORCKOM CXEMBI HE MOKET HE 1O- sesh 3 cOGoMi x cyutecTacimtx HaMeHeHt 8 803- HMKIMEH Ha Heit HAICTpOIKe, Wrak, npowrenme s1eronucoro paceKasa 0 KA een Hops (nocse vexemtonera Oxiera) Kak Mesh HOTO TeKCTa HE OCTABMNET COMHEHIA B TOM, HO B npegeranennn apropa «Ckaaaii®» 970 npasnente GbU10 O4eHS KPATKHM: PEKOHCTPYKIUR BHYTpeNTef XPOHONOTHM pacckada OTBOANT eMy Hill TPH TOA H HeckomBKo Mecaues. IIpH xeNaKHH MOXHO BepHTD, sro aptop «Ckasannay 6811 mox0 ocBEROMIEH © DeaNbHOM xosle COBBITHT HAN CostaTeTHO CAs CO- Gnrrniinyro KasiBy ann xygoxecTBeHnoro apexra, ‘onmaKo saxaHias HM xpoHOTOTHR, Mperepnenuas ALHHBIC HEMCHEHHA 8 MOCITEAYIONUX pestAKUHAX, RoccranasmusaeTes mone onHOsHANHO, Eon a! NecTs nonyyenmsfi cpox mpassicns ropa Hs oGute- piauannost nave ero ra6emm (sHMa 944/945 rr.), TO Havas ero KHRAEHHA MPHXOAMTES HA sETO 941 F. Hien nerom 941 r. cocrontes Heyaauntsit no- xox Pycu Ha Lapsrpan, 8 pesynbrate KoToporo Hrops, mo caosam Moana LivMiexis, mus 4yA0M ceniaccx Kc mecaTKOM nonoK (lee Huaxon, 1988, C.57). OGetostexscrsa 3roro moxoma moapobHo Onicalt & AKOHMIMHOM rHiceMe Ha KaNpeKOH reHHSbt (KenOpiwwxcknii aHonum), srepaste onySanxoxan- uiom C. Llexrepow » 1913 r. (Schechter, 1912/13. P. 182-219), a Hate xopoulo ocTynHom pyccKomy strareso Gnarosaps mepesoy KOBOTO KPHTHYECKO- To mananus (0x6, Mpwyax, 1997, 2003). Hanowsnnm, ro B oom TeKcTe B KaMlecTBe BepKOBHOTO MpABHTEAR (meleh) Pyen, cowsHika, a 3aTeM MpOTHBHHKa BISA Tuiicxoro mvneparopa Pomawa Jlaxanimra 3 940: 941 rr., gurypupyer HelguiOner. Mlocne cBoero no- paxcrins oT Humeparopexoro dyoTa Oner OTxoRHT x Seperam Manoii Aauit u Ha Pycs yxe He sosspauiaer- a, a saxpatoisacr ropou Bepsaa (Ha TeppaTopmn co- ppenennoro Asep6aiimeavia), te Hepes HecKomsKo rer # norHOaer. Kak x JaBHO NOMEPKHBAM, ITO HO- BOOTKPHTOS HBDECTHE HICKOEKO HE WOKHPOBATO A.A, Lllaxmatosa, Koropsifi 3Has1 UeHY eTOMMCHBIM sara IX-nleppolnostopinbt X wp. (Maxsamos, 1915 C. XXXII-XXXIID. Omvako nostueliue ucexex0- aren oGHapyxWi GeckoMmpoMiccnyio pHsep- XKCHHOCTD THM «YEMOBHBIM ATAMD, H XOTR MOMITKH OmpoRepriyT» MOJUIMEHOCT MHCEMa OTOUITH 8 MPO- uuioe ~ eer ace ocHonara nonaraTs, "To 970 MoCTa- Hue 6bu10 oTpanneHo W3 KoncraHtTHHONons MeHEe, ‘ieMt Nepes AecHTHNETHE Nlocae onHcBIBAEMBLK COGHI- suit (Zuckerman, 20006. P. 654-660) - 9Tor TexeT 10 ‘ux op ocraerca GobibiM MecTOM HeTopHorpadin Tipennteit Pycn. Aocrarowo MpHBecTH MHUIb JHA HEMABHHX pH Mepa. Tax, orpanvsnsas npantenue kHs34 Hrops 1a ‘ann TIBJI, B. A. Terpyxint npesaracr Buxers 8 Onere wepannirrensio aprovomuoroy YepunroscKo- ro KIKGs, aTMUBMLerO Kiss ropa B r33aX aBTopa anonmmmoro miceata (Iempyxun, 2000. C. 222-229). Hanes B. #1, Terpyxinia 0 commecriolt «enact Halt Pycoio uesoro KiKECKOTO poA npoTHBOpeHHT, OMHAKO, He TONbKO NeTOnMeHO KOMMENUMH MONK Tuseckoro erpos Pycit, HoH mpestcranstennian GxH3KO anasminx Pyck aiartuiities, KoTOpHe npwaKasama ce esutnioro Bepxosnoro npasurens (cp... Zuckerman, 20006, P, 671). Ecrb ocHonaiis corsacntscs © A.A. Topckis, Koropsii ovpepraer npencraprenHe © Pycu onioxn Hrops kax 0 «xouraomepare KOHYH- ron» (Fopexu, 1999. C. 43-52); no mans Hero yRONH- acmeaii» nicome Kanpexol renuset Oner Gxt sunt ‘comma 1a npesicraaurenell npassnnero B Knee Kis 2xecKOro posta», rloaMHeHBIX KHAO Hropio. Taxas runoresa oGszbnaeT aBTOpa K HeOKMAAHHOME HH ‘Tepnperaumt ynorpeOneHHoro B MYCKMe TepMnHa vemelely; casenex Pycip» - 970 He Gonee Wem «HI YccKH», TepaatH, KOTOPHIM 8 IpeBHEPYCCKOM HSBIKE MOF npiuiaratoca K moBoMy npencrapiTesO NpaBs ‘test mustacrmio» (oper, 2004. C. 71), Ho nockoas- ky abrop utirepecyioutero Hac nlocmanua nnuieT Bee 2ke no-npeatieeBpelickit, TO €CTh Ha KBBIKE, B KOTOPOM pror Tepwisn oGaMaer sromHe ONpEAENENNDIM 3H Menten ¥ MpitnaraeTes Mille K BEpKOBKAIM MIpaRHTe- gM KOHKpeTHOTO OBuIecTHA, TO TloAy'AETCA, TO OH, 3TOT ApeBHNt ARTOP, COREpIICHHO He pasoGpancs & COBHITHAK, NPOHCUIEALINX OyKBANIDHO Y HETO Ha ra Tlomsireit nepeoempicsnier® H cmpaBTs JaKHEIe awowmaoro nocnanna v9 Kanpexoi renset worst 6st Mere cubic H HaysHsAit MHTEpeC, eo Got ITH ZRatHsle BCTYNANH B KOHpIMKT CO cBeneHHAMH py THX NONHONERHBIX HETONKHKOR. OstKaKo, MpONCKO- sur oGpatuoe. Java wavauia npasnexus wise Hro- PA, BBrreKAOULaR Ha BHYTPeHHe!t sOrMKK «Ckasa- iso), YANBHETenSHO ToNHO CoBMasaeT CO BpeMetteM, korma Kus Outer, cOrmacHo aHOHHMHOMY TocTa- ino, Gbt1 BBINyA/MeH OTKAIATECK OT BOSBpAIMENHA Ha346 MEDIAVALIA Pycp. O6a 21H Texcra, O pasHbIM NPHYKHAM, MOF Gut conepxars » ce6e HH OPMALLITO, He cooTBeTET- Bytoutyio HcTopH¥eckoll HeTHHe. OawaKo, Korma sma HE3ABHCHMBIX MCTOMHHKA B3AHMIO TlORTREpHKARIOT APY APYTa, 370 M CTE TO, TO RBARETCR HCTHHOH AR neTOpHKa, Uo xe mporsROCTONT oTHM NOKAIAHHAM? Jun gare YenoBuBte «KaK Bce MeTONHCHBIE NATH 34 TX-cepeanny X Bp., KpoMe Tex, #70 oMMpaiores Ka XpoHONOTHTO BHGAHTHHICKHX HeTOUHKKORY (TopeRui, 2004. C. 38). NMapaioxc HatansHoro Tana mpesne- PYCCKOIt HCTOPHH KaK pas H aKmMONAeTCR TOM, TO Hi OAHH cepbesHBI wccnenovaTeNs Me craneT OTeranpaTs AOcTOBepHocTs 1eronucHBIx a7 npaBie- nu Onera Hops. Jlocrarouo scnoMuiet A. A. Lllaxwavopa, KoTophil oTMesai, 470 meTorutcb eperecna Ha spema npaBenux Mrops Te coosrTis, KoTopute cxeoBao Gui oTHECTH x xitERCHINIO Onera (Uaxmamos, 2001a. C. 78, 79, 80; 20016. C. 85, 86, 87; 2003. C. 229), pasaesmn Taxi o6pasom o6uiee BpeMa HX BNACTH «IIO-GpaTcKID H OTBENR KARIOMY omYeckoe HHemO TOROS ~ NO TPAAMATD Jer H TPH TO- na. Oiaxo Gonstunicrso wecnegosaTenel Hemons- SCT 9TH YOOBHBIE MATH, KAK ecm Got OHH HMeNH Ccepbeatiie HcropH¥ecKite OcHORaM. Cornacuste conmerensctaa Texcra «Ckasaitnsy, se xaueTo B OcHOBE JeTONHcHOTO MpenaKH, H HIKpOP- MAULH MpAKTHMECKH CoBpeMeHHOrO COBDITHAM AHO- Hunoro nocnanus Kanpexoil remot ~ KemOpiacx- CKOrO aHOHHMa KaK pas H NOsBOARIOT HAM NepeMiTH I OGnactH «ycnosHH jar K AaTaM, HCTOPHNeCKH OGockosanHsiM. Hanexsbie ATH MpaneHH KHIR Mrops, nero 941-avano 945 cr., slexaT B OcHOHe Mowx janbxetinnex nocrpoeHii. B cBoel paniei cra- ‘Tee a yxe OAYEPKHBAM, 470 aBTOp «CKAIAHHAD, CYR To scemy, npencrasman cebe Mrops KaK Kites MOTO- OTO M HeonbITHOrO, a BOBCE HE YMYAPeHHOTO TpH- uaTs¥0 roams mpe6binatns ao anacru (Zuckerman, 1995. P, 263-264). Her cmsicna onponeprars 3Ty 10- ‘uy gomeromucitoro pacekasa, Kak, BRPOYEM, H TIpCa- crannars Pyct B Bie KOHTMOMepara npasaunx ecb KONYHTOB HuMH Ke COBMABATE HeKOCTO HOOF Oncra, MpeRCTABHTENR KHAKECKOM AMKACTHM, Mpenocrons- wero Hrops caasoto H Bnacrsio, 8 KOTOPOM cTOpoH- nuit HaGnonaTeM Mor yaHLAeT® BepxoaHOro npaRKt- ‘Tents Pycu. Boroii cess xores Gi mpunecrn eme ono con- AETENSCTBO, KOTOPOE, HECMOTPA Ha CBOIO OBUIEsIOC- ‘TyMHocTs, peaKo KOMMCHTHponartoce HCTOPHKAMH. Pes wiet 06 onscattun noxona Onera Ha Laperpan 8 HIM sexaamero wsnoaa nox 6430 (922) r. (HII, 1950. C. 107-108). Co6crsenHo rosops, neTonice yommiact Ba noxona, oxox Hropx H tloxon One- Ta, Ho OMHcaHHe NepsOro H3 HHX BOCKORHT K Nepe- somoii xpontxe [pononkaresx AMaprona 3TH onpenenseTer Kak nosaHeliimas scraska. MaHavans- neti TeKeT «Ckaaaniia He comepKast » ce6e xpono- rpabwseckix BtinHcOK., J rlonarato, 470 sToT TeKCT BOCETAHABAMHBAETER, ecIH 13 neTonMcHOrO TeKcra HILT «esetects» moronmete crarsn 6428-6429 rr. OGopsantas na cepeaune pasa, sanepulaioutas cra- ‘Ts10 6427 r., xopoitiO cocTHIKyeTCA ¢ HAYATOM CTaTBH 6430 r.: «lo cux xe naKei BpeMenex...» ce Oners xa rpbkt « npwiute x Llecaprorpasy». Cornacio TeK- ety HILI, nepsnaiocts koroporo no oTHoMeHItO K spent TIBJI tpysito onposepruyrs cneunamso 218 AAHHOrO maccaxa, COOBITHR PazBOpANHpAIOTCH 10 enezyiouemy cuenapuio: Hropt Geper xxenbt Orb Ty, OF 9Toro Gpaxa poxsaeTes CBsTOCTAB, HHS norom Oner mier noxonom Ha Bisaxtito. Kax wapecTuo, 8 945 r. CasTocas Ost ewe peSeHko. ‘Tem campin oxasbipacrea, ro «Cka3anHe> CoxpaHt= no MecTHy!O NaMsTs 0 nloxone Pyci Ha Llapsrpan 941 r., npespatisuryto 3a naBHOcTii0 ser nopaxkcHHe a noGeny. Mpestnonurrens noxona crasir KopaGAM Ha occa H mpHGneaer cBOH uIMT K «Bpatam Llaperpa- AW», HO 30BYT eF0, Kak HB TexcTe KemOpizoxcKoro aHoHuMa, Oner. TIpumesaTenbHo, #70 B OBOHX TeK- erax epasy nocne noxona Oner cxomit ¢ HCTOpHMe- ‘exit cucnst, Astop IIBJI ncnoxssonax ator oxo Onera ax cloxeTHoro o6pamsteHia cha6pikosar- oro wm oronopa 907 r. (¢p.: Fopexuit, 2005. 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