: ay FAODEEL Shectyoniy Configuration TROPEELSA Tiling inthe ocbirals 1) Three general rules of filling the oxbitas aze: ae wer pet i, Aufbau Principe staves iat in che yrouud state of an itor, the electrons must on ‘occupy the orbitals in the order of increasing ex energy. + wei fo Je , aot le : rs iS, 83,2p, 38, Sp, as BA, 4p Be Bspad spss it 7A Tf Using 5, p, d and £ notation: umber of electrons in orbital energy level a ee a eTIS 2S 2p 2S 3p 4s 2d “PBS ud Whyte dorm cheelvowic conti gyralusa ws S pay We eae Using s, p, d and f notation: _ Ge energy evel 9 + murberof electrons mobia P ~ oe mg > ype cforbial s a= qe CL = ¢ 6 = mi = \S,8S,2p° 36 26 § & > i, eo L 2 Ke = Ig a pr as +p asEleetyonic con fagpetiow ww lovxe, nolatier ii, Pauli’s Exclusion Principle states that an orbital can only t } accommodate a maximum of two electrons only. The wo electrons must have opposite spins = an Gare WHm© —s, by Bp it Hand's Rue states that in a set of degenerate orbitals, electrons 2b» st before pairige. The reason is because, two electrons occupying Fre same orbital will experience repulsion Inte ‘sta as apron en as ap 4S spat motalhot € eal a 1m bone, bee) Ch AS] CU) OTA CA AL pant rn rather thanDe. 2py 22 1 (CC F ws anne ° - eee 4 Gwe | { im 4 ao 92 2 2 Eo = IS, 26 2pe 3¢ a4 ag ad J ve: mee Sikes a6 Ww ‘eM vee ane Cen ge ado ao sp odsThe odd ones Wav] Cap) nip Cm) peo {lea than 3d. LpraTETAIE] hol the’ For potassium| 4y/is filled before 3d because 4s has a lower energy level we Gel i. For scandium (to zinc, the d-block elements), the energy level of 3d and 4s are reversed. 4s is at a higher energy level now. This is because once the 3d orbital(s) is/are filled, the 3d electrons repel the 4s electrons to a higher energy level. For chromium, the electronic configuration [Ar] 3d*4s?. This is because orbitals that ar ity due to their symmetrical charg LH] Lt] ft) Utio 36 “ops acap*as bg (nv) [ayy av Ca 6. ve is AS % bac % Bol 4s peed Cr i Sp Sete Soe Buy ok - PR CAA aE Coe: eas op sc 8 aSyc1 7