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Chapter 02
Chapter 02
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d0 = 6 in.
d = 7 in.
pd - pd0 7 - 6
e = = = 0.167 in./in. Ans.
pd0 6
L0 = 15 in.
L = p(5 in.)
L - L0 5p - 15
e = = = 0.0472 in.>in. Ans.
L0 15
4m
P
¢LBD ¢LCE
= A B C
3 7
3 (10)
¢LBD = = 4.286 mm 3m 2m 2m
7
¢LCE 10
eCE = = = 0.00250 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
¢LBD 4.286
eBD = = = 0.00107 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 2
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mm
300
2m 3m
A B C
w
Since the vertical displacement of end C is small compared to the length of member
AC, the vertical displacement dB of point B, can be approximated by referring to the
similar triangle shown in Fig. a
dB 10
= ; dB = 4 mm
2 5
The unstretched lengths of wires BD and CE are LBD = 1500 mm and
LCE = 2000 mm.
A eavg B BD =
dB 4
= = 0.00267 mm>mm Ans.
LBD 1500
A eavg B CE =
dC 10
= = 0.005 mm>mm Ans.
LCE 2000
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 3
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
5 mm
3 mm
5 mm
3 mm
x
6 in.
18 in.
L - L0 37.947 - 35.5
eavg = = = 0.0689 in.>in. Ans.
L0 35.5
3
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 4
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
B
AB = 23002 + 4002 = 500 mm
a = 90.4185° 400 mm
p
u = 90.4185° - 90° = 0.4185° = (0.4185) rad
180°
p
¢ D = 600(u) = 600( )(0.4185) = 4.38 mm Ans.
180°
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 5
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
A gxy B A =
p p
- 2f = - 2(0.6823) = 0.206 rad Ans.
2 2
A gxy B B =
p p
- 2a = - 2(0.8885) = -0.206 rad Ans.
2 2
5
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 6
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
Referring to Fig. a,
LBD = 16 + 16 = 32 mm
LB¿D¿ = 13 + 13 = 26 mm
Thus,
A eavg B AB =
LAB¿ - LAB 2425 - 2512
= = -0.0889 mm>mm Ans.
LAB 2512
A eavg B BD =
LB¿D¿ - LBD 26 - 32
= = -0.1875 mm>mm Ans.
LBD 32
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 7
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
2
u1 = tan u1 = = 0.006667 rad 400 mm
300
3
u2 = tan u2 = = 0.0075 rad
400
gxy = u1 + u2 x
A 300 mm B
= 0.006667 + 0.0075 = 0.0142 rad Ans. 2 mm
D¿B¿ = 496.6014 mm
7
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 8
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
5 in. 8 in.
A x
LAB
œ
= LAB + eAB LAB = 5 + (0.02)(5) = 5.10 in.
LAC
œ
= LAC + eACLAC = 8 + (0.035)(8) = 8.28 in.
Geometry:
u = 33.317°
x = -(x¿ - a)
y = -(y¿ - 4.3301)
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 9
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
5 in. 8 in.
A x
Geometry:
= 5.7591 in.
= 8.2191 in.
LA¿B - LAB
eAB =
LAB
5.7591 - 5
= = 0.152 in.>in. Ans.
5
LA¿C - LAC
eAC =
LAC
8.2191 - 8
= = 0.0274 in.>in. Ans.
8
9
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 10
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
AB¿ - AB
eAB =
AB
= 1.61 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm
70.8243 - 70.7107
= Ans.
70.7107
C¿D¿ - CD
eCD =
CD
= 126 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm
79.5860 - 70.7107
= Ans.
70.7107
10
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 11
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
300 mm
Geometry: For small angles,
2 mm x
2 D A
a = c = = 0.00662252 rad 400 mm
302 3 mm
2
b = u = = 0.00496278 rad
403
Shear Strain:
(gB)xy = a + b
(gA)xy = -(u + c)
300 mm
2 mm x
D A
400 mm
3 mm
2
a = c = = 0.00496278 rad
403
2
b = u = = 0.00662252 rad
302
Shear Strain:
(gC)xy = -(a + b)
(gD)xy = u + c
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 12
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Geometry: Referring to Fig. a, the stretched length of LB¿D can be determined using
the consine law,
45⬚ C
A
LB¿D = 2(0.6 cos 45°)2 + (0.6 sin 45°)2 - 2(0.6 cos 45°)(0.6 sin 45°) cos 93°
B
= 0.6155 m
Average Normal Strain: The unstretched length of wire BD is LBD = 0.6 m. We
obtain
12
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 13
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
p 89.7°
(gA)xy = - ¢ ≤p 15.24 mm
2 180° 15 mm
15.24 mm
15 mm
89.7⬚
x
A 15 mm D
15.18 mm
Geometry:
= 21.5665 mm
= 21.4538 mm
Average Normal Strain:
AC¿ - AC 21.5665 - 21.2132
eAC = =
AC 21.2132
= 0.01665 mm>mm = 16.7 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
B¿D¿ - BD 21.4538 - 21.2132
eBD = =
BD 21.2132
= 0.01134 mm>mm = 11.3 A 10 - 3 B mm>mm Ans.
13
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 14
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
15.24 mm
15 mm
89.7⬚
x
A 15 mm D
15.18 mm
p 89.7°
(gC)xy = - ¢ ≤p
2 180°
x = 4 + xB - xA = 4.10472 m
AB = 232 + 42 = 5.00 m
= 16.8 A 10 - 3 B m>m
5.08416 - 5
= Ans.
5
14
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 15
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
90 mm 75 mm
x
A 80 mm F
Referring to Fig. a,
LC¿D¿ = 80 - 15 + 25 = 90 mm
25 p rad
f = tan-1 ¢ ≤ = 14.04° ¢ ≤ = 0.2450 rad.
100 180°
When the plate deforms, the vertical position of point B and E do not change.
LBB¿ 15
= ; LBB¿ = 13.5 mm
90 100
LEE¿ 25
= ; LEE¿ = 18.75 mm
75 100
Thus,
A eavg B AC =
LAC¿ - LAC 210225 - 100
= = 0.0112 mm>mm Ans.
LAC 100
A eavg B CD =
LC¿D¿ - LCD 90 -80
= = 0.125 mm>mm Ans.
LCD 80
A eavg B BE =
LB¿E¿ - LBE 27492.5625 - 26625
= = 0.0635 mm>mm Ans.
LBE 26625
Referring to Fig. a, the angle at corner F becomes larger than 90° after the plate
deforms. Thus, the shear strain is negative.
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 16
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
A eavg B AD =
LAD¿ - LAD 221025 - 216400
= = 0.132 mm>mm Ans.
LAD 216400
A eavg B CF =
LC¿F - LCF 214225 - 216400
= = -0.0687 mm>mm Ans.
LCF 216400
2
dL = e dx = x e-x dx
L
2
¢L = x e-x dx
L0
L
= - c e-x d 冷 = - c e-L - d
1 2 1 2 1
2 0 2 2
1 2
= [1 - e-L ] Ans.
2
16
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 17
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
e = 0.05 cos u
2 ft
¢L = e dL
L A
u
90°
= (0.05 cos u)(2 du)
L0
90° 90°
= 0.1 cos u du = [0.1[sin u] 0冷 ] = 0.100 ft Ans.
L0
¢L = e dL
L
90° 2 ft
= (0.08 sin u)(2 du)
L0 u A
90° 90°
= 0.16 sin u du = 0.16[-cos u] 0冷 = 0.16 ft Ans.
L0
A¿
Geometry:
1 ft
dy 2
L = 1 + a b dx
L0 A dx 1 ft
dy A x
However y = x2 then = 2x B
dx 1 ft
1 ft
L = 21 + 4 x2 dx
L0
C 2x21 + 4 x2 + ln A 2x + 21 + 4x2 B D 冷0
1 1 ft
=
4
= 1.47894 ft
Average Normal Strain:
L - L0 1.47894 - 1
eavg = = = 0.479 ft>ft Ans.
L0 1
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02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 18
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
x
300 mm
Shear Strain:
dy dy
= tan gxy ; = tan (0.02 x)
dx dx
¢y 300 mm
dy = tan (0.02 x)dx
L0 L0
= 2.03 mm Ans.
1
2(yB sin u - uA cos u) 2
eAB = B1 + R - 1
L
yB sin u uA cos u
= - Ans.
L L
18
02 Solutions 46060 5/6/10 1:45 PM Page 19
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exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Pnœ = lim a b
¢s¿ - ¢s
p : p¿ ¢s¿
¢S¿ - ¢S
eB =
¢S
¢S¿ - ¢S ¢S¿ - ¢S
eB - eA
œ
= -
¢S ¢S¿
¢S¿ 2 - ¢S¢S¿ - ¢S¿¢S + ¢S2
=
¢S¢S¿
2 2
¢S¿ + ¢S - 2¢S¿¢S
=
¢S¢S¿
= eA eBœ (Q.E.D)
19