 Urban settlements vary widely in size, ranging from small

towns to megacities with millions of people living within them.

 Urban settlements contain places which cater for a wide

variety of activities including:

a) Entertainment
b) Work
c) Finance
d) Storage
e) Retail shopping
f) Education
g) Worship.

 Australia’s urban settlements have

tended to be located around coastal
areas, many of which are along the
south-eastern coast.

 These coastal areas have more

pleasant climates than the hotter, drier
desert interiors.

 Yet, due to Australia’s large land mass, it has one of the lowest
population densities in the world.

 However, Australia is also one of the most urbanised nations,

with over 90% of the population living in or near a city.

 Australia also has a large number of satellite cities which are

located close to major urban centres.

© Karen Devine http://www.devineconsult.com.au

 When these satellite cities grow to the point that they join the
larger city, there exists a pattern of conurbation.

 In contrast, Canada’s cities developed after colonisation during

the 1600’s.

 The British and French colonisers established settlements

along the eastern coast, which were situated closer to Europe.

 Settlers arrived in Canada seeking a better lifestyle than what

they experienced in Europe. Yet, it was not until the 20th
century that urban areas began to grow faster than rural areas.
Until 1920, Canada had remained a largely rural nation.

 Montreal was initially the largest city, yet this was eventually
overtaken by Toronto in the 1970’s.

 Cities developed westwards with the introduction of the

Transcontinental Railway. These cities included Edmonton,
Winnipeg, Calgary and Vancouver.

 Growth was further increased after the construction of the

Trans-Canada Highway in 1962.
 CLOZE PASSAGE.

Complete the following blanks in the text with words from the box:

ActivitiesColonization MegacitiesSettlers Trans-Canadian

EdmontonMassFrench
Toronto Storage
Conurbation Urban Climates
CoastalWork
Satellite Rural

 Urban settlements vary widely in size, ranging from small

towns to Megacities with millions of people living within
them.

 Urban settlements contain places which cater for a wide variety

of activities including:

a) Entertainment
b) W o r k
c) Finance
d) Storage
e) Retail shopping
f) Education
g) Worship.

 Australia’s urban settlements have tended to be located around

coastal areas, many of which are along the south-
eastern coast.

 These coastal areas have more pleasant climates than the

hotter, drier desert interiors.

 Yet, due to Australia’s large land mass it has one

of the lowest population densities in the world.

 However, Australia is also one of the most urbanized nations,

with over 90% of the population living in or near a city.
  Australia also has a large number of satellite cities
which are located close to major urban centers.

 When these satellite cities grow to the point that they join the
larger city, there exists a pattern of Conurbation.

 In contrast, Canada’s cities developed after

colonization during the 1600’s.

 The British and French colonizers established settlements

along the eastern coast, which were situated closer to Europe.

 Settlers arrived in Canada seeking a better lifestyle than

what they experienced in Europe. Yet, it was not until the 20th
century that urban areas began to grow faster than rural
areas. Until 1920, Canada had remained a largely
rural nation.

 Montreal was initially the largest city, yet this was eventually
overtaken by Toronto in the 1970’s.

 Cities developed westwards with the introduction of the

Transcontinental Railway. These cities included
Edmonton, Winnipeg, Calgary, and Vancouver.

 Growth was f u r t h e r i n c r e a s e d after the construction of the

Trans-Canadian Highway in 1962.
WORD FIND.

Find the words in the matrix below and then carefully explain
them:

D G G L U R V F E B N S T V O E U Q Y Y I J R V N
R O U W E I Q F A O P Y W Q N B E Y T T W M R L Q
R Z B R L G M F I D C I P D T K G Q I I O G A T Z
U C O L W V I T M F A F B B M W X O C C O L B K G
R K A N V R A W E C I C M N B A D R L E J T I N Q
Z G R M S B V E G F B L P N Z L I C E T K F P L J
E G A U R Y X C A P N J J F R E C Q X I I P Q N B
Z X V U Q R S V C R W O O F N E G T D L V P R P Z
B Z N A U O B K I H O U X P G E Y M W L Q A D M E
S O F C B L U P T E L M A H L C U A Z E J L S D E
C E F A O B N N Y B Q N N J H G U O Y T V R E I E
J J T J S H I Q N Y C N T Y I D Y H T A X D V I Y
S Z F T H Y Y P R K S W G X W C A K Z S U U Q A V
I I J Q L R J K P X O G V Y G W E T T E H P B T C
W H K R V E N I Z W W I E T X J C L Y E V U K N V
V G H B D X M Z H K G S D K C W Q B R S U Y K R S
V B G P N B Y E M F D O O R Z Q P Y M L O G A R T
F X N Z V A M K N J I Z A O Z W D A E N M G Z A S
W T E W C J F W U T F O T T T T W O Z G Y A C X M
M E T R O P O L I S E J A P R N V R F A C L H Z B
K F X K J T M Y X F E L W B T Q B O A K Z N Q S A
O F A H L L U N F A T B W T U H C H R L M T O H U
U B I K W I H J S S P J E F L Z F R K C T S F Y O
H K P I I T L F L L X S M T T A I I Z Q O J V O U
F Z E W G D A S Z T H Z E B U M T I H I J J V S N

CBD: CBD (or cannabis) is a chemical of a plant.

CITY: A large settlement larger than a town.
CONURBATION: Massive settlements including metropolises and cities.
HAMLET: A settlement smaller than a village.
MEGACITY: Huge cities with over 10 million residents.
METROPOLIS: Large cities (usually the capital of their country).
SATELLITE CITY: Small cities near larger ones in metropolitan area.
SETTLEMENT: An established community.
TOWN: A settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city.
VILLAGE: Small rural settlements.
 RESEARCH TASK.

Compare urban settlement patterns between Australia

and Canada. Use the following to aid your response:

ASPECT AUSTRALIA CANADA

Australia’s indigenous history is
estimated to have begun at least
Indigenous 65,000 years before the British
colonization. The story began when
History
humans first populated Australia as
they moved through the continental
masses.
The indigenous people who lived in
Canada are estimated to have
migrated there from East Asia
about 20,000 years ago, when the
two continents were joint.

Australia was colonized by the In 1497, John Cabot landed in

British (James Cook) in 1770. British Canada. This group of new people
Colonization colonists took over Indigenous land, took over the land and began
claiming Australia to be “Terra controlling the Indigenous people.
History
Nullius”, Latin for “nobody’s land”.

Cities are mostly located within Most of Canada’s major cities are
NSW, Queensland, and Victoria. All located along its Southern border.
City the major cities in Australia are
located along the coast, majority
Locations
located on the South-East coasts.

In Australia, there are plenty of Most of the population growth in

contributors to growth in cities. cities in Canada was due to
Contributors These include overseas migration, immigration. New births also
to Growth in internal migration, population causes population growth.
growth, etc.
Cities

© Karen Devine http://www.devineconsult.com.au

List the advantages and disadvantages of urban living?
ADVANTAGES
 Public transport opportunities.
Residents that don’t own personal
transport can take public transport.
 Better education. Education level
is higher in urban areas, as is
teacher skill level.
 Better social life. There are more
opportunities for socializing in
urban settlements as people live
close together.
 Better housing. Expensive as it
may be, housing and infrastructure
are better in urban areas.
 Entertainment.
 Economy. Usually, urban economy
is better than rural.
 Police availability. There is
increase security and increased
police numbers in urban settings.
 Internet and Wi-Fi.
 Increased multiculturism.
DISADVANTAGES
 Overcrowding. Increased urban
living causes cities to overcrowd,
having many negative effects.
 Losing jobs (unemployment)
 High crime rates. In densely
packed places such as cities, crime
rates spike.
 Pollution and lack of clean air. This
is terrible for the environment as
well as for humans.
 Loss of rural land. Urbanized areas
cause a lack of natural space.
 Construction of housing for new
residents causes deforestation and
has negative environment effects.
 High cost of living. The overall
cost of living in cities (food,
housing, facilities, bills) is
significantly higher than that of
rural living.
 Traffic jams.
 Environmental damage. This
includes littering, factories, etc.
 Increase in health issues
 Faster spread of disease and
pandemics. In such packed areas,
the spread of disease can occur
much faster.
 Expansion of slums.