The Buddhas Problems

a'gufwm at? trf? abum M.A., Ph. D., D. Litt.
, Bar-at-
Law, D. Sc., M.L.C., tdE´d,w&m;0efBuD;csKyfa[mif; u ar;í
bdu©Lt&d,"r® B.A u ajzMum;aom
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Ak'¨0g'jyóemrsm; 3
tdE´d,w&m;0efBuD;csKyfa[mif;
a'gufwm at? trf? abum M.A., Ph. D., D. Litt., Bar-at-Law, D. Sc.,
M.L.C.,
u ar;í
q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r® B.A (Ak'¨0d[m& bHkbdkif)

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a&T[oFmyHkESdyfwdkuf (0100) 92? 93-vrf;? &efukefwGif OD;ausmfnGefYu wm0efcHyHkESdyfí

0if;armfOD;pmayjzefYcsda&; (0223) trSwf 511? ukefonfvrf;? &efukefrS OD;wifarmifu xkwfa0onf/
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q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®\ tw¬KyÜwåd .................................................................................................... 6
ar;cGef;trSwf (1) ................................................................................................................................ 15
ar;cGef;trSwf (2) ................................................................................................................................. 19
ar;cGef;trSwf (3) ................................................................................................................................ 23
ar;cGef;trSwf (4) ................................................................................................................................ 26
ar;cGef;trSwf (5) ................................................................................................................................ 32
ar;cGef;trSwf (6) ................................................................................................................................ 35
ar;cGef;trSwf (7) ................................................................................................................................ 40
ar;cGef;trSwf (8) ................................................................................................................................ 42
ar;cGef;trSwf (9) ................................................................................................................................ 44
ar;cGef;trSwf (10) .............................................................................................................................. 48
ar;cGef;trSwf (11) .............................................................................................................................. 51
ar;cGef;trSwf (12) ............................................................................................................................... 53
ar;cGef;trSwf (13) .............................................................................................................................. 62
ar;cGef;trSwf (14) ..............................................................................................................................68
ar;cGef;trSwf (15) ..............................................................................................................................70
ar;cGef;trSwf (16) .............................................................................................................................. 72
ar;cGef;trSwf (17) .............................................................................................................................. 74
ar;cGef;trSwf (18) ..............................................................................................................................75
ar;cGef;trSwf (19) ..............................................................................................................................77
ar;cGef;trSwf (20)............................................................................................................................... 81
ar;cGef;trSwf (21) ............................................................................................................................... 83
ar;cGef;trSwf (22) ...............................................................................................................................90
ar;cGef;trSwf (23) ............................................................................................................................... 91
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q&mawmf/ / ]]ighrSmvnf; olYudk 'DtpJGawGuRwfavmufatmif tcsdef,lNyD; w&m;ra[mEdkifawmh b,fvdk
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vrf; avQmuf&if; Ak'¨w&m;tppfw&m;trSefudk wjznf;jznf; a[m,l&w,fuG/ aemufqHk;awmh (Sir
Edwin Arnold) qmtuf'Giftm;Edk; a&;wJh ]]tm&Swdkuf&Jhvif;a&mifjcnf}} (Light of Asia) qdkwJh
pmtkyfxJu
"Pray not! The darkness will not brighten! Ask Nought from the Silence, for it cannot
speak! Vex not your mouthful minds with pious pains! Ah! Brothers,Sisters, seek.
Nought from the helpless gods by gifts and hymn, Nor bribe with blood, nor feed with
fruit and cakes, within yourselves deliverance must be sought. Each man his Prison
makes."
udk &GwfjyNyD; olYudk tusufcdkif;w,f/ oabmeJYtESpfom&udkvnf; xkwftMunfhckdif;w,f/ tJ'Dvdkckdif;awmh
'D y&dwf&GwfwmawG? *gxmrTef;wmawG? pnf;cswmawGqdkwJh tpJGawG tukefjyKwfukefawmhwmyJuG}}
'Dpmykd'fav;&Jh t"dyÜm,ftusOf;uawmh ...
qkrawmif;vifh/ tarSmifxku vif;vmvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ qdwfNidrfxkrSvnf; qkrawmif;vifh/
qdwfNidrfxkum; pum;rajymEdkif/
oifwdkY\ NidKjiifyifyef;aeonfh pdwf"mwfwdkYudk bk&m;w&m;udkMunfndKonfh 'ku©qif;&JwkdYjzifh

taESmuft,Suf rjyKygvifh/
tdk nDawmfaemifawmf ESrawmfwdkY/ tm;udk;&mrJh ewfodMum;wdkYxHwGif ylaZmfjcif;?
"r®*DwoDqdkjcif;wkdYjzifh rcdkudk; Muygvifh/
,mZfewfylaZmfjcif;? opfoD; rkefYyJoa&pmwkdYjzifh ylaZmfyojcif;trIwdkYudkvnf; rjyKygvihf/
vGwfajrmufrIudk toifwkdY cE¨mudk,ftwGif;rSmyif &SmazGMuukefavmh/
vlwdkif;vlwdkif; udk,fhtusOf;axmifudk ukd,faqmufwnfaejcif;om jzpf\/
(bmomjyefqdkolY trSm)
uRefawmf/ / ]]OD;t&d,"r®[m 'DtpJGawGudk b,fursm;&cJhygvdrfh q&mawmf}}
q&mawmf/ / ]]tdk 'DtpJGawGudk &cJh,Hkwif b,furvJuG? olYcrsm &[ef;jyK&wmawmif vG,fvG,feJYjyKcJh&wm
r[kwfbl;uG/ b&if*sDbmomuaeNyD; Ak'¨bmomudk ul;vmcJhwJhvl qdkawmh Ak'¨bmomudk wu,fwrf;
pJGvef; ,HkMunfwJhvlrdkY cHEdkifwmayghuGm}}
uRefawmf/ / ]]bmrsm; vkyfcJh&ao;owJhvJ bk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ / ]]tdk Ak'¨bmomudk vdkvm;oltjzpf zdk;olawmfb0eJY wESpfavmufaecJh&w,fuG/ tJ'Daemuf
t&H ygwD0if omraPtjzpfeJY wESpfavmuf ae&jyefw,f/ tJ'DvkdaeNyD;rSygwD0iftjzpf &[ef;jyK cJh&
owJhuG/ 'DMum; xJ eruúm&awG? y&dwfBuD;awG? arwåmydkYawG? *gxmrEå&m;awGudkvnf; usuf& &Gwf&
ao;wmayghuGm}}
uRefawmf/ / ]]ol q&mawmfhqDudk b,fuaeNyD; b,fvdkqufrdvdkY a&mufvmwmvJ bk&mh}}
q&mawmf/ / ]]olu jzL;bufrSm &[ef;vmjyKwmuG/ olu Ak'¨tbd"r®mudk ygVdvdkawG bmawGxuf
t*Fvdyfvdk avhvmcsifwJhpdwfu ydkrsm;aeawmh t*FvdyfbmomeJY Ak'¨bmomudk avhvmEdkifzdkYae&mudk
&SmaewmayghuGm/ tJ'Dawmh awmifil avmukwå&m odrfukef;q&mawmf t&Sifuk@vu ighqD
vTwfvdkufwmeJYa&mufvmwmyJ}}
uRefawmf/ / ]]q&mawmf OD;uk@veJY q&mawmfwdkY tawmf&if;ESD;Muvm; bk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ / ]]at;? i,fi,fu &wemyifpnfausmif;rSmtwlwlaecJhw,f/ BuD;awmhvJ rEÅav;
r[m0dok'¨m½Hk wkdufrSm pmtwlwloifcJh&w,fuG}}
(&wemyifpnfausmif;um; awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKU\ ta&SUajrmufzuf wrdkifcefYwGif&Sdonfh awm&ausmif;
jzpf\/ ,ck q&mawmf &SifOuú| oDwif;oHk;aeawmfrlonfh ewfrSDawm&ESifh wzmvHkcefYuGm\/ awmifil
avmukwå&m odrfukef;q&mawmf t&Sifuk@vonf ausmufuGif; Ak'¨bmomESifh c&pf,mefbmom 0g'
NydKifyJGwGif Ak'¨bmom bufrS em,u q&mawmftjzpfESifh wm0ef,lcJhygonf/ / bmomjyefqkdol
pum;csyf)/
þenf;jzifh t&SifO*¾Hoonft&Sift&d,"r®jzpfvmcJh\/ olonf t&SifOuú|xHwGif Ak'¨bmom t,l0g'
omru urÇmwGif ,aeYxif&Sm;ausmfMum;vsuf&Sdonfh [dE´L? c&pf,mef? r[mar'if ponfh bmomBuD;rsm;
ESifhqkdif&m usrf;*efrsm;? cuf&mcufqpf tcsuftvufrsm;udkyg tm;xufoef&m avhvmqnf;yl;cJh\/
xdktwGif; jynfc½dkif 0ufxD;uefteD; ausmufuGif;&Gmü Ak'¨bmomESifh c&pf,mef bmomwdkY
0g'NydKifyJGusif;y&efudpö ay:aygufcJh\/ þudpö ay:vmojzifh atmifvHNrdKU Ak'¨ omoemjyK ausmif;rS
ausmif;tkyfq&mawmf OD;"r®meEónf q&mawmftm; bmoma&;0g'NydKifyJGjzpfbkdY&ef tajctaeodkY
qkdufa&mufaeaMumif;? q&mawmfudk,fwdkif Ak'¨bmombufrS wm0ef,lNyD; a[majymrnfqdkvQif þNydKifyJG

jzpfajrmufatmif pDpOfay;vdkaMumif; udk,fwdkifvma&muf avQmufxm;av\/ þtaMumif;udk q&mawmfu
ausmif;rS em,uq&mawmfrsm;ESifh q&m? q&mrrsm;udk ac:,lajymjyaomtcg tm;vHk;u 0rf;yef;wom
jzpfMu\/ tm;vHk;u ,ckyJGonf q&mawmf\pGrf;&nfowådukd jy&rnfh yJGjzpfaMumif;odMu\/ q&mawmfom
Ak'¨bmombufrS0ifí a[majymvdkufvQif Ak'¨bmombufrS rvJGraoG atmifyJGcH&rnfudkvnf; tcdkiftrm
,HkMunfxm;Mu\/ xdkYaMumif; 0rf;tomBuD;omaeMujcif;yif r[kwfwHkavm/
þuJhodkY 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfaeMuolrsm;teuf olrsm;wumxuf raeEdkifrxdkifEdkifavmufatmif? £a E´
rqnfEdkifavmufatmif 0rf;omaeolum; t&Sift&d,"r®yifjzpf\/ olonf q&mawmftm; ...
]]'DyJGrSm wynfhawmfyg ygyg&ap/ wynfhawmfu c&pf,mefvlxGufyg/ wynfhawmfudk,fwdkifu c&pf,mef
bmom u xGufNyD; Ak'¨bmombufudk bmaMumifhul;ajymif;vm&ovJ qdkwmudk jyefNyD;ajymvdkuf&&if
wynfhawmf wkdYu tEdkif&rSmyJ bk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]at;? udk,fawmfu c&pf,mefxJu xGufNyD; Ak'¨bmomjzpfvmovdk c&pf,mefbufrSmvnf; Ak'¨
bmom &[ef; pmwwfaywwfawGu xGufNyD; "r®q&mawG vkyfaeMuwmvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh
udk,fawmfeJYawmh olwdkYeJY &nf&G,fcsufjcif;? arQmfrSef;csufjcif; rwlMubl;aygh/ 'DyJGrSm udk,fawmfhudk
b,favmuf xdatmif avhvmqnf;yl;rdNyDqdkwm od&atmif rSwfwifMunfh&rSmaygh}}
xdkYaemuf q&mawmfonf 0g'NydKifyJGodkYcsDwuf&ef olYwyfudk olwmplygawmhonf/ olYwyfxJwGif yg0ifonfh
olrsm;rSm t&Sifokw? t&Sifa&0w? t&Sift&d,"r®? awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUrS jrefrmynm&Sd q&mBuD;OD;uGefYESifh
uRefawmf wdkYjzpfMu\/ uRefawmfum; a[majym&efr[kwf/ q&mawmf\ twGif;a&;rSL;taejzifh vkdufyg&ef
jzpf\/ okdYESifh q&mawmf\wyfzJGYonf awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUrSxGufcJhMu\/ t&Sift&d,"r®onf pdwftm;vnf;
tvGefxufoef? Ak'¨bmomudk olwyg;uxdyg;ajymqdkvQifvnf; tenf;i,frQ rcHEdkifwwfojzifh q&mawmf
u olYtm; wvrf;vHk; a'gorBuD;&ef owday;cJh&\/
ausmufuGif;0g'NydKifyJGonf uRefawmfwdkY arQmfrSef;cJhMuonfxuf ydkí BuD;us,fpnfum;\/ xdkyJGwGif
uRefawmf wkdY arQmfrSef;cJhMuonfxuf ydkí ajymifajrmufonfh atmifyJGudkvnf; qifEJTEdkifcJhMu\/ xdkYaMumifh
uRefawmfwdkY tm;vHk; 0rf;tajrmufBuD;ajrmufMu\/ t&Sift&d,"r®um; rdk;rjrifavrjrifEdkifavmufatmif
yDwdvdIif;jzifh zHk;vsuf &SdacsNyDwum;/
odkY 0g'NydKifyJGrS jyefvmMuNyD;aemuf 0g'NydKifyJGwGif q&mawmf\ bmomt,l0g'a&;qdkif&m A[kokwwdkYrSm
[if;av;tdk;BuD;ozG,f pm;rukefay;rcef;Edkifavmufatmif jynfh0aMumif; ydkrdkí xif&Sm;odvmojzifh
t&Sift&d,"r® onf ,cifuxufyif q&mawmftm; MunfndKtm;udk;vmjyefygonf/
xdktwGif; q&mawmfOD;avmuemx\ tdE´d,odkYajcvsif<u&ef oHCmhtzJGYonf ay:aygufvmcJh\/ t&Sif
t&d,"r®onf þtzJGYwGifvdkufvkdvSojzifh q&mawmftm; tcGifhjyKyg&efavQmufxm;&m q&mawmfu
vG,fvifhwulESifhyif tcGifhjyKvdkufygonf/ odkY&mwGif t&Sift&d,"r®onf rsm;rMumrD jyef<uvmojzifh
uRefawmfu olYtm; ...
]]OD;yÍÆif;? b,fhES,faMumifh rvdkufbJ jyef<uvmwmwkef; bk&m;}} [k avQmufxm;aomtcg olu ...
]]OD;yÍÆif;wdkY OD;avmuemxeJY 0g'csif;rwlbl;/ tJ'Dawmh wJGvdkYrjzpfwmeJY rvdkufbJ jyefvmcJhwmyJ}} [k
jyefí ajzygonf/
xdkYaemuf q&mawmf t&SifOuú|xHrSmyif bmoma&;qdkif&m pmayusrf;*efwkdYudk avhvmjyefygonf/ þum;
'kwd,tBudrfjzpf\/ xdktwGif; waeYü bHkbdkifNrdKU Ak'¨bmomtoif;BuD;udkxlaxmifolESifh Ouú|vnf;jzpfol
a'gufwmem,m;xHrS q&mawmftm; xdktoif;BuD;rS wnfaqmufvSL'gef;xm;onfh Ak'¨0d[m&ausmif;BuD;ü
ausmif;xdkif "r®uxduq&mawmftjzpfjzifh <ua&mufoDwif;oHk;awmfrl&ef yifhpmwapmif a&muf&Sdvm

ygonf/ q&mawmfrSm wzufrS Ak'ömoemjyKyk*¾dKvfrsm;tjzpfjzifh jrefrmjynfa'o tESHUtjym;odkY apvTwf
&ef oHCmrsm;tm; t*FvdyfbmomESifh Ak'¨bmomusrf;*efwdkYudk ykdYcsjcif;ESifh wzufuvnf; NAdwdoQ
e,fcsJUorm;u olY t*Fvdyfpmudk wefbdk;BuD;BuD; jr§ifhxm;NyD; vl*kPfwef vl&nfwwfwdkY om;orD;rsm;udkom
oifMum;apvsuf ausmif;xGufvQif olYuRefjzpfatmif zefwD;aeonfhpHepfudk wkdufzsuf&ef? xGefwHk;udkpD;NyD;
v,fuefoif;BudKuefoif;Mum;wGif EGm;ausmif;aeMuonfh aus;vufrS EGm;ausmif;om;rsm;ygrusef t*Fvdyf
bmomudk oifay;í NAdwdoQe,fcsJUorm;udk awmfvSefMurnfh awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm;jzpfvmatmif zefwD;&ef
Ak'ömoemjyK trsdK;om;ausmif;BuD;udk zGifhvSpfoifMum; ydkYcsjcif; [laom wm0efESpf&yfjzifh rtm;rvyf
EdkifaomaMumifh a'gufwmem,m; vlpk\qE´twdkif; r<uEdkifacs/ xkdYaMumifh t&Sift&d,"r®tm; ...
]]uJ &Sift&d,"r®? a[m'Du a'gufwmem,m;wdkYvlpk&JU pmudk zwfMunfhprf;ygOD;}}
t&Sift&d,"r®onf pmudk,lzwfNyD;aemuf tvGeftm;&oabmuspGmjzifh ...
]][m q&mawmf&Jh ynmÓPf*kPfowif;udkMum;vdkY yifhwm? q&mawmfeJY tawmfqHk;yJbk&mh/ [kdrSm bmom
aygif;pHkeJY ,SOfNydKifa[m&? ajym&r,fh tcGifhta&;awGudk &rSmbk&mh/ q&mawmf <uom<uawmfrlyg}}
q&mawmf/ ]]udk,fawmfhtjrifeJY udk,fawmfu <uapcsifwmuawmh [kwfygw,f/ 'Dausmif;BuD;eJY 'Dvkdbmom
a&; t,ltqawGa&m pmayawGudkyg vma&mufoifMum;aeMuwJh OD;yÍÆif;awGtwGuf b,folu wm0ef,l
rSmvJ/ NyD;awmh ausmufuGif;0g'NydKifyJGBuD; NyD;uwnf;u bmoma&;qdkif&m tar;awGudk ajz& &Sif;&?
[dku'Du yifhvdkY oGm;NyD; a[m&ajym&eJY em;&w,fawmifr&Sdbl;/ tJ'Dawmh 'DtvkyfawG wdk;vdkYwef;vef;eJY
xm;vdkYrjzpfbl; udk,fawmf}}
t&Sift&d,"r®/ ]]'gjzifh 'Dudpöudk q&mawmf b,fvdkpDrHrvJ bk&m;/ r<uEdkifbl;vdkYbJ pmjyefvdkuf
awmhrSmvm;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]udk,fwdkif<uzkdY qdkwmuawmh udk,fawmfjrifwJhtwkdif;yJ rjzpfEdkifbl;/ tdE´d, bHkbdkifNrdKUuaeNyD;
Ak'ömoemudk jyKzdkYuvnf; tcGifhtcgaumif;wckyJ/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fawmfhudk wynfhawmfhudk,fpm;
vTwfvdkuf csifw,f/ udk,fawmf <urvm;}}
t&Sift&d,"r®/ ]]jzpfyghrvm;q&mawmf/ wynfhawmftaeeJYtjcm;bmomawGeJYNydKifvdkY jzpfEdkifygOD;rvm;
bk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]jzpfEdkifygw,f/ udk,fawmfhrSm tajccHawmfawmf aumif;oGm;NyDyJ/ a&SUqufavhvm&if jzpfEdkifyg
w,f/ b,fhES,fvJ? udk,fawmfoabmwl&if a'gufwmem,m;qDudk udk,fawmhfudk wynfhawmf&Jhudk,fpm;vS,f
tjzpfeJY vTwfvdkufr,fvdkY pmjyefvkdufr,f}}
t&Sift&d,"r®/ ]]'DudpöeJYywfoufvdkYuawmh q&mawmfyJ qHk;jzwfygbk&m;/ wynfhawmftaeeJYuawmh q&m
awmfu oifhawmfw,f? jzpfEdkifavmufw,fqkdNyD; vTwfvdkuf&if oGm;ygw,fbk&m;/ tultnDvdktyfwJh
tcgrSmvnf; q&mawmfhqD pmay;NyD; tultnDawmif;&rSmayghbk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]'gawGuawmh jzpfEdkifygw,f/ uJ udk,fawmfoGm;r,fqdk&if a'gufwmem,m;qDudk
pmjyefvdkuf½HkyJ}}
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odkY&mwGif udk,fpm;vS,fwyg;apvTwfonfudk vufcHrnfjzpfygu t&Sift&d,"r®udk apvTwfrnfjzpfaMumif;
ESifh wuG t&Sift&d,"r®\ tw¬KyÜwådtusOf;csKyfESifh tjcm;vdktyfonfhtcsuftvufwdkYudk tjynfhtpHk a&;
om;í pmwapmif jyefMum;vdkufygonf/
rsm;rMumrDtwGif; a'gufwmem,m;wdkYxHrS q&mawmfhxHodkY t&Sift&d,"r®udkyif olYudk,fpm; apvTwfzdkY&ef

pm ESifhwuG c&D;p&dwf aiG 200d a&muf&Sdvm&m q&mawmfu t&Sift&d,"r®tm; ac:um
]]uJ &Sift&d,"r®? a'gufwmem,m;wkdYqDu udk,fawmfhudk yifhwJhpmeJY c&D;p&dwfaiG 200d awmh ydkYvdkufNyDav/
udk,fawmf<uzdkYom jyifp&m&SdwmawGudk jyifayawmh}}
t&Sift&d,"r®/ ]]wynfhawmfu q&mawmfhwynfhyJbk&m;? oGm;qdkcsufjcif;xoGm;½HkygyJ/ bmypönf;rS
odrf;p&m xnfhp&m r&Sdygbl;bk&m;/ wynfhawmftaeeJYuawmh w,fNyD;roGm;csifvSygbl; bk&m;/ q&mawmfh
tem;rSmyJ qufNyD; ynmqnf;yl;csifao;wmyJbk&m;}}
(t&Sift&d,"r®um; q&mawmfhxHü ynmA[kokwqnf;yl;&mwGif tm;&wif;wdrfrI r&Sdao;acs/)
q&mawmf/ ]]tdk 'gawGuawmh udk,fawmfqufNyD; avhvm&ifjzpfygNyD/ 'DudpöeJYywfoufvdkYawmh ylyifaomu
rsm;raeygeJY udk,fawmf}}
t&Sift&d,"r®/ ]]wifyghbk&m;? q&mawmfu 'DvdktrdefY&Sdjyefawmhvnf; wynfhawmf oGm;tm;&Sdygw,f/
wynfhawmfudk qHk;roGefoifp&m&Sd&if tm;remwrf; qHk;roGefoifygbk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]udk,fawmfhudk txl;oGefoifqHk;rp&mr&Sdygbl;/ oDv (3)yg;udkawmh vHkatmifxdef;&vdrfhr,f/ 'D
oDv(3)yg;udk ususeexdef;Edkif&if ukd,fawmfvkyfcsifwJh Ak'ömoemjyKvkyfief;[m tdE´d,rSm xajrmuf
atmif jrifrSm trSefyJ}}
t&Sift&d,"r®/ ]]wynfhawmf apmifhxdef;&r,fh oDv(3)yg;u bmawGvJbk&mh/ wynfhawmf q&mawmfajym
orQudk vkdufemyghr,fbk&mh}}
q&mawmf/ ]]uJ udk,fawmf rSwfxm;/ udk,fawmf apmifhxdef;&r,fh oDv(3)yg;[m eHygwf(1)u aq;vdyf
raomufeJY/ eHygwf(2)u pum;enf;enf;ajym/ w&m;pum;udk vmar;rS? aqG;aEG;rS? avQmufxm;rS ajym&
a[m&r,f/ pnfrsm;vdkaygh? rwD;bJeJYrjrnf&bl;/ jrnfae&if oltxifao;wwfw,f/ wD;wJhtcgusrS
yDyDoo [def;aeatmif jrnf&w,f/ aemufqHk; eHygwf(3) oDvuawmh pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;NyD; w&m;udk
aqG;aEG;a[majym &r,f/ onf;cHpdwfarG;NyD; a'goudk csKyfwD;yg/ udk,fawmfhudk olrsm;u a'go jzpfatmif?
a'gojzpf&ifrSm;atmif wdkYwmqdwfwmwdkYudk rcHEdkifbl;/ ao;i,fwJhudpöawGeJY ywfouf&if tavQmhay;yg/
t,ltqeJY oabmw&m; wdkYeJY ywfoufvm&ifawmh BuHUBuHUcdkifcdkif &yfwnf&r,faygh/ uJ wynfhawmf
ajymwmukd oabmaygufNyDvm;}}
t&Sift&d,"r®/ ]]oabmaygufygw,fbk&m;/ q&mawmfu wynfhawmfrSm&SdwJh cRwf,Gif;csufawGudk
wu,fh wynfh&if;wa,muftaeeJY apwemxm;NyD; wdwdusus yGifhyGifhvif;vif; axmufjy a0zef ay;wJh
twGuf tvGefvnf; aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f bk&m;/ waoGrwdrf;vnf; vdkufemusifhoHk;yghr,f bk&m;}}
q&mawmfu þodkYoGefoifp&m&Sdwmudk oGefoif? tBuHÓPfay;p&m&Sdwmudk tBuHÓPfay;NyD;aemuf
q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®onf tdE´d,jynf bHkbdkifNrdKUodkY <uoGm;ygonf/
þuJhodkY tdE´d,jynf bHkbdkifNrdKU Ak'¨0d[m&wGif ausmif;xdkif"r®uxduq&mawmftjzpfjzifh oDwif;oHk;awmf
rlpOf twGif;rSm ,ckþpmtkyfwGifyg0ifMuonfh a'gufwm trf abum trSL;jyKonfh ygarmu©rsm;?
ukefonfBuD;rsm;? c&pf,mefbkef;BuD;? [dE´Lqm'l;BuD; ponfh yk*¾dKvfwdkYar;onfh Ak'¨bmom ESifh
qkdif&mtar;ykpämwkdYudk ajzMum;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ odkY Ak'¨0d[m&üoDwif;oHk;aepOftwGif; a'gufwmem,m;
xHrS q&mawmfhxHodkY t&Sift&d,"r® pdwfwdk aMumif;? a'goBuD;aMumif; wkdifpmwapmif a&mufvmojzifh
q&mawmfuolYxHodkY pmwapmifa&;om;ay;ydkYcJh&ao;onf/ xdkYaemuf tdE´d,jynf bHkbdkifNrdKUü (2)ESpfausmfrQ
oDwif;oHk;í 1938 ckESpfavmufwGif awmifwGif;BuD; q&mawmfhxHwGif bmomt,l0g'rsdK;pHk qkdif&m

ynmA[kokwwdkYudk qnf;uyfavhvmjyefygonf/
odkY avhvm&if;ESifh tar&duwdkufokdY Ak'ömoemawmfudk oGm;a&mufjyKpkvdkonfh tBuHay:vmjyefojzifh
xdkpOfu tar&dujynfaxmifpk orw ½kpbJh(vf)(wf) xHodkY ]]'g,um orwBuD;wdkYEdkifiHonf
ypönf;Opöm&wemrsm; <u,f0csrf;omonfum; rSef\/ pufrIvkyfief;ESifh odyÜHynmrsm; zHGUNzdK;wdk;wuf\/
odkY&mwGif tvif;a&mifrJhNyD; tarSmifxkzHk;tkyfaeojzifh vlom;wdkY usifhtyfonfh vlUusifh0wf? eDwd"r®wdkY
acgif;yg;aomaMumifh &mZ0wfjypfrI rsm; aMumufzG,fvdvd tajrmuftrsm; usL;vGefvsuf&SdaeMuacsonf/
Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf\ arwåmu½kPm tvif;a&mifjzifh þtarSmifxkudk NzdKcGif;ygu 'g,umorwBuD;
EdkifiHonf tvGefwifhw,fom,monfh EdkifiHBuD;wEdkifiH jzpfvmacsrnf/ xdkYaMumifh OD;yÍÆif;onf Ak'¨\
om;awmf omoemh0efxrf;wdkY xrf;aqmif&rnfh wm0ef0wå&m;udk odjrifem;vnfonfhtaeESifh vma&mufí
'g,umBuD;wkdYjynfwGif Ak'¨\"r®a&mifjcnfudk xGef;ñdSvdkygojzifh 'g,umorwBuD;u tcGifhjyKEdkif rjyKEdkif
taMumif;jyefMum;&ef arwåm&yfcHtyfygonf}} [lí pmwapmifa&;NyD; ay;ydkYvdkuf&m orw½kpbJh(vf)(wf) u
omoemjyK&ef <uvdkygu<uvmEdkifaMumif;? uefYuGufydwfyifp&m taMumif;r&SdaMumif; pmjyefvdkufyg onf/
orw½kpbJh(vf)(wf)\ þjyefpmudk q&mawmftm; t&Sift&d,"r®u uyfvdkuf&m q&mawmf \ OD;aESmuf
onf ½IyfoGm;av\/ t&Sift&d,"r®udk olYqE´twdkif; tar&dujynfodkY<uvnf;<uapvdk\/ okdY&mwGif
olYudk axmufyHhzdkY&ef c&D;p&dwfum; wjym;rQr&Sdacs/
aemufqHk; b,furQ &SmBuHí&&ef vrf;prjrifawmhonf\ tqHk;ü &efukefNrdKU Ak'¨bmomtoif;rS yk*¾dKvfBuD;
rsm;xH ½kpbJh(vf)(wf)\ pmudkjyNyD; c&D;p&dwf tvSLcH&avawmhonf/ 4if;wdkYxHrS c&D;p&dwfjzifh
tar&dujynfodkY <uí Ak'ömoemudk qif;qif;&J&J ZGJebJoefoefESifh jyK&if; ruúZDukdjynfrSmyif ysHvGefawmf
rlaMumif; owif;pum; Mum;&\/ b,fenf;b,fyHk ysHvGefawmfrlonfudkrl twdtus rod&ay/
(pmtkyfxJwGif a&;rxm;aomfvnf; q&mawmf t&SifOuú|\ pmrsm;udk tNrJrjywfavhvmzwf½Iolrsm;xHrS
q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®onf ruúqDudkjynfwGif vkyfBuHcH&í ysHvGefawmfrljcif;jzpfaMumif;? pDppfa&;rlt&
xnfhoGif;írjzpfojzifh csefvSyfxm;cJh&jcif;jzpfaMumif; yg;pyfpum; Mum;od rSwfom;zl;ygonf/ twnf
jyKcsuf? taxmuftxm; wpHkw&mr&Sdojzifh xdkowif; rSefrrSef rod&SdEdkifyg/ wifjyol\ pum;csyf )
Ak'¨\om;awmfjrwf tmZmenf armfuGef;urÁnf;xdk;avmufonfh yk*¾dKvfwql ysHvGefawmfrlonfudk b,folrQ

rodvkdufacs/
awmifwGif;q&mawmf t&SifOuú|vnf; vuf½Hk;aumif;wql jyKwfawmfrl&SmacsNyD/
odkY&mwGif t&Sift&d,"r®tpm; Ak'¨\om;awmf tmZmenfyk*¾dKvfxl;wdkYum; tajrmuftrsm; ay:aygufqJ/
awmifwGif;BuD;q&mawmf t&SifOuú| üvnf; t&Sift&d,"r®udk,fpm; vuf½Hk;aumif;rsm; tajrmuftrsm;
&&SdqJyifwum;/
þusrf;i,fudk bmomjyefqdk&mwGif tpp oifjyawmfrlonfh awmifwGif;BuD;q&mawmf t&SifOuú|ESifh
tzufzufrS ulnDMuonfh udkwifatmifESifh udkcifarmifwkwf (vkyfom;aumvdyf) wkdYtm;
aus;Zl;wifygaMumif; rajymí rjzpfEdkifyg [lvdk/
udkudkBuD; (awmifwGif;BuD;)
26? 2? 67
ar;cGef;trSwf (1)
&Sd&SdorQaomowå0gtm;vHk;onf tewåoabmcsnf;jzpfcJhvQif rnfonfhw&m;onf Zmwdy#doaE¨
wzefjyefí aeygoenf;/ tu,fí 0dnmOfr&SdcJhvQif Zmwdy#doaEönf tb,fenf;jzifh wzefjyefí
aeygoenf;/ Ak'¨\ 0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefí aejcif;oabmudk tewå odkYr[kwf
0dnmOfrJhw&m;a'oemESifhtnD &Sif;vif; a[mMum;awmfrlyg bk&m;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - a'gufwm at? trf? abum trfat? yDtdyf(csf)'D? bm;tufavm?
'Dtuf(pf)pD? uG,fvGefol tdE´d,w&m;0efBuD;csKyfa[mif;? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ Ak'¨0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefaejcif;oabm[m tvGefeufeJw,f/

&Sif;vif;jyzdkY&mvnf; cufcJw,f/ em;vnfoabmaygufzdkYvnf; cJ,Of;vSw,f/ [dE´L0g' 0dnmOf ul;ajymif;
w,fqdkwJh oabmeJYvnf; vHk;vHk;rwlbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'umBuD; rSefwcsyfudk ,lvmEdkif &ifawmh rSefxJrSm
t&dyfxifvmwJh oludk ½kwfw&uf Zmwdy#doaE¨topfwzefjyefvmwJholtjzpfeJY vufawGY OyrmjyNyD;awmh
&Sif;jyEdkifygvdrfhr,f/
a'gufwm/ (tvGeftHhMooGm;NyD;) touf&Sifvsuf&Sdaeolwa,mufudk Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefNyD;
aeatmif vkyfEdkifyghrvm; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ Ak'¨&Jh½IaxmifhrSaeNyD; 'Dvdktouf&SifaewJhvl[m Zmwdy#doaE¨jyefaevdkY jzpfEdkifw,fvdkY ajym
&vdrfhr,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkdawmh 'D tckawGYjrifae&wJh 'umBuD;wdkY OD;yÍÆif;wdkY&JU ½kyfoP²mefawGrSm taoG;
tom;? t½dk;? taMumqdkwJh ½kyfuvmyfawG[m rsufpdwrSdwf vQyfwjyuftwGif;rSmyif csKyfNidrf; ysufokOf;
aeMuvdkYyJ/ 'D oabmudk ,ck acwfopfodyÜHynmuvnf; [kwfrSefaMumif; 0efcHxm;NyDyJ/
(okdYESifh rSef,lvmaomtcg)
q&mawmf/ ('umBuD;tm;ac:NyD;) uJ 'umBuD;? rSefa&SUrSm cP&yfygOD;/ NyD;awmh rSefxJuvleJY
ywfoufwJh ar;cGef;awGudkvnf; owdxm;NyD; ajzygOD;/ uJ 'umBuD;? rSefxJrSm b,folYudkjrifovJ/
'umBuD;/ rSefxJuvl[m wynfhawmfygyJ bk&m;/ wjcm;olr[kwfygbl;/
q&mawmf/ uJ 'gjzifh&if rSefxJuvleJY 'umBuD;[m ESpfa,mufvm;? wa,mufwnf;vm;/
'umBuD;/ (acwåpOf;pm;aeNyD;aemuf) rSefxJuvleJYwynfhawmf[m wa,mufwnf;ygyJ q&mawmf/
'DvlygyJ/ wjcm;vl r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ 'gjzifh&if rSefxJuvlu b,fbufudk rsufESmvSnfhNyD; 'umBuD;u b,fbufudk
rsufESmvSnfh aewkef;/
'umBuD;/ wynfhawmfu ta&SUbufudk rsufESmvSnfhygw,f/ rSefxJuvlu taemufbufudk
rsufESmvSnfh ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;u ta&SUbufudkrsufESmrlaeNyD; rSefxJuvlutaemufbufudk rsufESmrlaevdkY&Sd&if
'umBuD;eJY tJ'DrSefxJuvl[m wa,mufwnf;? wOD;wnf;yJvdkY b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; 'umBuD; ajymEdkifwmvJ/
'umBuD;/ (tenf;i,ftBuHtdkufoGm;NyD;) wynfhawmftajzudk jyifajzyg&ap q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ ajzEdkifygw,f/
'umBuD;/ rSefxJuvl[m wynfhawmfr[kwfygbl;/ wynfhawmf&Jh t&dyfyg q&mawmf/

q&mawmf/ rSefxJuvl[m 'umBuD;awmhr[kwfbl;? 'gayr,fh 'umBuD;&Jh t&dyfyJvdkYqdk&if tJ'Dt&dyfu
'umBuD; vkyforQudk vkdufvkyfEdkifrSmaygh/ [kwf&Jhvm; 'umBuD;/
'umBuD;/ rSefygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'Dvdk 'umBuD;&Jht&dyfrdkYvdkY 'umBuD;vkyforQ tukefvHk;vdkufNyD; vkyfw,fvdkYqdk&if
'umBuD;&Jh t&dyf xifrIyJjzpfwJh? wenf;tm;jzifh 'umBuD;&Jht&dyfyJjzpfwJh "mwfyHka&SUrSm 'umBuD;u vufudk
ajr§mufvdkuf&if 'umBuD;"mwfyHkuvnf; vufudkvdkufNyD; ajr§mufyghrvm;/
'umBuD;/ t&dyfxifxm;wJh "mwfyHkuawmh wynfhawmfvkyfovdk vkdufvkyfrSmr[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'Dvdkqdk&if vlwa,muf&Jht&dyfu tJ'DvlvkyforQ vkdufNyD;vkyfw,fqdkwJh 'umBuD;&Jh
pum;[m rrSefawmhbl;aygh/
'umBuD;/ rrSefygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ 'umBuD;? rSefa&SUrSmcP rwfwwf&yfygOD;/ uJ ... 'umBuD;&Jh nmbufvufudk
ajr§mufNyD; jyefcs vdkufygOD;/ uJ 'umBuD; vkyfovdk rSefxJuvlu vkyfovm;/
'umBuD;/ vkyfygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ 'Dvdk rSefxJuvl[m 'umBuD;vkyfovdk vdkufvkyfvdkY&Sd&if rSefxJuvl[m
"gwfyHkxJuvlvdk 'umBuD;&Jh t&dyfygyJ/ 'umBuD;u r[kwfygbl;vdkYjiif;Edkifyghrvm;/ 'umBuD;u
jiif;aer,fqdk&if y&dówfxJu vlwa,mufudkac:NyD; ar;&OD;rSmvm;/
'umBuD;/ ac:zdkYrvdkawmhygbl; q&mawmf/ rSefxJuvl[m wynfhawmfygyJvdkY wynfhawmf&Jhtajzudk
jyefjyifajz yg&ap q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ OD;yÍÆif;jycJhwJh taMumif;jycsufawGt& rSefxJuvl[m wjcm;vlr[kwfbJ
'umBuD;ygyJvdkYqkd&if 'umBuD;udk OD;yÍÆif; wrsdK;ar;&OD;r,f/ wu,fvdkY rSefudk OD;yÍÆif;u wleJYxkNyD;
cJGvdkuf&if rSefxJuvl[m wcg wnf; aysmufuG,foGm;vdrfhr,f/ tJ'DvdkaysmufuG,foGm;&if
'umBuD;aumwcgwnf;aysmufuG,foGm;rSmvm;/
'umBuD;/ wynfhawmfuawmh b,faysmufuG,foGm;yghrvJ q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'Dvdk rSefxJuvl aysmufuG,foGm;ygvsufeJY 'umBuD;u aysmufuG,froGm;bl;qdkvdkY&Sd&if
'umBuD;eJY rSefxJuvl[m wa,mufwnf;r[kwfawmhbl;/ wjcm;pDaygh/
'umBuD;/ wjcm;pDvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/ wynfhawmfawmh q&mawmf&Jhar;cGef;awGudk ajzudk
rajzwwf awmhygbl; q&mawmf/ q&mawmfuom Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefaejcif;qdkwJh oabmudk ykdNyD;
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odjrifem;vnfatmif &Sif;jyygawmh/
q&mawmf/ rSefxJrSmvmxifwJht&dyf[m Ak'¨tvdkawmfus Zmwdy#doaE¨wzefjyefaewJhoabmeJY
wxyfwnf;yJ/ [dE´L0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;wJhoabmeJY vHk;0rwlbl; qdkwmudkvnf; xif&Sm;apw,f/
rSefxJut&dyf[m Zmwd y#doaE¨wzefjyefaeolonf uG,fvGefpkawolvnf;r[kwf? okdYaomf
tjcm;olvnf;r[kwf qdkwJh Ak'¨&Jh pum;eJY vnf; udkufnDw,f/ uJ 'DOyrmudkMunfhNyD;awmh rSefxJrSm
t&dyfxifwJhvl[m rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvl vnf; r[kwf? odkY&mwGif wjcm;olvnf;r[kwf qkdwJh pum;udk
'umBuD; oabmaygufNyD r[kwfvm;/
oAÁnKwÓPfawmf&Sif Ak'üdk,fawmfwkdif jynfhjynfhpHkpHka[mMum;awmfrlwJh Ak'¨&Jh0g'[m y#dpöorkyÜm'fw&m;

awmf rSm tajcwnfxm;w,f/ NyD;awmh taMumif;w&m;r&SdbJeJY tusdK;w&m;qdkwm ray:aygufEdkifbl;vdkY
twd tvif; jrGufqdkxm;w,f/ Ak'¨0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨ topfwzefjyefaejcif;oabmeJY qdkifwJh
jyóemrSm 'D y#dpöorkyÜm'fw&m;udk ydkNyD;&Sif;vif;atmif rSefxJuvleJY rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvlawGudk
vufawGYjycJhNyD/ 'Dae&mrSm rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvlu taMumif;w&m;yJ/ rSefxJrSmvmxifwJht&dyfu tusdK;
w&m;yJ 'umBuD;/
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t&dyfeJY rSefa&SUuvl[m wa,mufwnf;yJvdkYqkd&ifrSm;vdrfhr,f/ 'DvdkrqdkEdkifayr,fh rSefxJut&dyf[m rSefa&SU
uvl r[kwfbJ wjcm;vlvdkYvnf; rqdkEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'Dt&dyfeJY vl[m bmvJvdkYar;&if tckeu
ajymcJhovdk wcku taMumif;w&m;jzpfNyD; wcku tusdK;w&m;jzpf&vdrfhr,fvdkYyJ qkd&r,f/
Ak'¨0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨ topfwzefjyefaejcif;oabm ydkNyD; &Sif;onfxuf&Sif;atmif orkwdopömeJY
y&rw¬ opöm qkdwJh w&m;ESpfyg;udkvnf; qef;ppfbdkY vdkao;w,f/ orkwdopömqdkwmu 'DurÇm
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pwJh w&m;pkeJY jrif? Mum;? erf;? pm;? awGY? xd? cHpm;&wJhtwdkif; trSefwu,f [kwfw,fvdkY ,lqxm;wJh
opömw&m;yJ/ 'Dopömw&m;t& tMuifvlwOD;wa,mufu ig[m igwdkY&Jh ukodkvf aumif;rIaMumifh
igaovdkY&Sd&if ewfbHkudka&mufvdrfhr,fvdkY ajymEdkifw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dopömw&m;[m
wu,fhopömw&m;r[kwfbl;/ vl? ewf? jA[®m qdkwJh yk*¾dKvfwOD;OD; [m wu,fomwnf&Sdr,fqkd&if tJ'D
cE¨mudk,f½kyfaumifBuD;[m olYudk,fol xdef;odrf;Edkif&r,f/ rtdk&bl;? rem&bl;? rao&bl;/ wu,fvdkY
'DcE¨mudk,f½kyfaumifwdkif;rSm rlvADZuwnf;u tdkrif;jcif;? ysufpD;jcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;qkdwJh
oabmawGygvmMuw,fqkd&if 'Dw&m;pkawG[m tedpöaygh/ rNrJbl;/ tdkrif;jcif;? emzsm; jcif;? aoqHk;jcif;
qdkwmawGuvnf; 'ku© qif;&Jjcif;aygh/ aemufqHk; rtdkatmif? rematmif? raoatmif rvkyfEdkifbl;
qkdwmawGuvnf; tewåyJ/ bmrQ tESpfom&r&SdwJhoabmyJ/
y&rw¬opömurS wu,fh opömw&m;jzpfw,f/ 'Dw&m;t& b,fcE¨mudk,f½kyfaumifrS r&Sdbl;/ b,furÇm?
b,fbHk&,fvdkYrS r&Sdbl;/ ½lyu©E¨m? a0'eu©E¨m? onu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m qkdwJh
cE¨mig;yg;om&Sd w,f/ 'DcE¨mig;yg;rSty tjcm;aom owå0g&,fvdkYrS r&Sdbl;/ opömav;yg;udk
rodrjrifwJhol? 'DjrifhjrwfwJhw&m; pkudk tav;*½krjyKol? em;rvnfolwdkYuom 'D½kyfw&m;awGudk igh&Jh
cE¨mudk,fvdkY pJGrSwfMuw,f/ 'Dvdk ½kyfw&m; awGudk igh&Jh cE¨mudk,fvdkYyJ pJGrSwfMuovdk a0'eu©E¨mwkdY?
onu©E¨mwdkY? ocFg&u©E¨mwkdY? 0dnmPu©E¨mwdkYudkvnf; olydkifw&m;awGyJvdkY pJGrSwfMuw,f/
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taMumif;w&m;jzpfNyD; ypöKyÜefb0rSm&SdwJh cE¨mig;yg;u tusdK;w&m;jzpfw,f/ wzef ypöKyÜefb0u
cE¨mig;yg;[m taMumif;w&m;jzpfNyD; a&SUtem*wfb0rSm jzpfay:vm&r,fh cE¨mig;yg;[m tusdK;w&m;
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twlwlyJvdkYqdk&ifrSm;r,f/ wzef twdwfb0u cE¨mig;yg;w&m;awGeJY uif;vGwfwJh wjcm;cE¨mig;yg;
w&m;awGjzpfw,fvdkYqkd&ifvnf; rrSefbl;/ bmjyKvdkYvJqdkawmh ,ck ypöKyÜefb0rSm&SdwJh cE¨mig;yg;w&m;awGeJY
tJ'D cE¨mig;yg;w&m;pkwdkY&Jh vIyf&Sm;rI? jyKvkyfrIawGuaeNyD; tem*wfb0rSm cE¨mig;yg;w&m;awG ay:vm
&rSmudk; 'umBuD;&Jh/ tJ'Dawmh b,fw&m;[m Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefaeovJ qkdwJh jyóem[m &Sif;oGm;NyD
r[kwfvm; 'umBuD;/
½lyu©E¨mw&m;awG? a0'eu©E¨mw&m;awG? onu©E¨mw&m;awG? ocFg&u©E¨mw&m;awG? 0dnmPu©E¨m

w&m;awG 'Dw&m;awGxJu b,fw&m;rS rSefxJudk0ifoGm;wm rjrif&bl;/ 'gayr,fh rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvludk
rSefxJrSm wax&mwnf; vHk;0OóHk tukefjrifae&w,f/ rSefa&SUuvlubmvkyfvkyf? rSefxJuvlu
wckrusef wdwdusus tukefvkdufvkyfw,f/ b,favmuf vkdufvkyfovJqdkawmh tem;uMunfhaewJh
vluawmif rSef xJuvleJY rSefa&SUuvl[m wa,mufwnf;yJvdkY ajym&w,fr[kwfvm;/ wu,fawmh
rSefxJuvleJY rSefa&SUuvl[m wa,mufwnf;vnf; r[kwfbl;? wjcm;vlvnf; r[kwfbl;/ uJ 'umBuD;?
Ak'¨0g't& Zmwd y#doaE¨ topfwzefjyefaejcif;oabmudk oabmaygufoGm;NyDvm;/
'umBuD;/ q&mawmf vufawGYOyrmay;NyD; &Sif;vif;jywJhtwGufoabmaygufem;vnfygNyD/
xdkaemuf w&m;emy&dówfxJrS 'umBuD;wa,mufu xí ...

'D Zmwdy#doaEäejcif;oabmeJYywfoufvdkY tckvdk em;vnfoabmaygufatmifa[majymjywmudk 'Dwcg
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q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ (ar;cGef;&Sif a'gufwm attrf abum bufvSnfhum) uJ 'umBuD;? Ak'¨0g't& Zmwd

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&Jhvm;/
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ar;wJh ar;cGef;udk auseyf&Sif;vif;atmif q&mawmf a[mMum;NyD;ygNyD/ wynfhawmf&Jhar;cGef;udk q&mawmfu
tewå&JhoabmeJY &Sif;vif; atmif ajzqdkNyD;ygNyD/ om"k q&mawmf? om"k om"k/
y&dówftm;vHk;onf q&mawmf\ajz&Sif;csufudk oabmusojzifh om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muukefavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (2)
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wnf&Sdaeygoenf;/ þ uH\tusdK;w&m;udk q&mawmf jyEdkifygrnfavm/
(uH\tusdK; [laompum;ESifh ur®0dygu pum;onf twlwlyifjzpfygonf/ rSwfcsuf)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ uH&Jh tusdK;w&m;? wenf;tm;jzifh um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwkdY&Jh

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&Sdwmcsnf;yJ/ tck a[m'D y&dówfrSm&SdaewJhvlwdkif;vlwdkif;[m twdwfb0u uH taMumif;w&m;aMumifh
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tjypf'PfawGcHMu&wm vnf; rsufjrifudk,fawGYygyJ q&mawmf/ 'gayr,fh ,ckrsufarSmufb0&Jh
uHtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh tem*wf b0rSm Zmwdy#doaE¨ topfwzefjyefaejcif; qdkwmudkawmh
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wzefjyefae&w,fqdkwJhoabmeJYyJ ,HkMunfvufcHxm;OD; awmh 'DuH&JhtusdK;w&m;[m
tMuifolwOD;wa,mmuf touf&SifaepOfumvtwGif; OD;acgif;xJrSmyJ udef;0yf aeovm;? OD;aESmufxJrSmyJ
udef;0yfaeovm;? tonf;ESvHk;xJrSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;? 0rf;Adkuf xJrSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;?
vufawGxJrSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;? olYtem;rSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;qdkwm odvkdvSygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tif; 'DcufcJeufeJwJhjyóemudk yHkyrmeJY&Sif;jyrSyJ 'umBuD;em;vnfoabmaygufrSmqdkawmh
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udef;0yfaew,f qdkwm OyrmeJY&Sif;jyr,f/ uJ 'umBuD;? ESvHk;oGif;ayawmh/
Oyrm? vlwa,muf[m ntcsdefpma&;csifw,fwJh/ tJ'Dawmh ol[m za,mif;wdkif wwdkifudkxGef;w,f/
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'umBuD;/ 'DudpörSmawmha&;vdkufwJhpm[mpm&Gufay:rSmwifNyD;usefaecJhawmh rsufjrifjzpfNyD;&Sif;ygw,f

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'umBuD;/ rSefygh? ajzyghr,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ av[m b,fae&mrSm udef;0yfaeovJ 'umBuD;/
'umBuD;/ b,fae&mrSmrS rudef;0yfygbl; q&mawmf/
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'umBuD;/ wynfhawmfjzifh q&mawmftckay;wJhOyrmeJYvnf; 'Djyóemudk&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;rvnf
ao;ygbl; q&mawmf/ uH&JhtusdK;w&m;aMumifh Zmwdy#doaE¨wzefjyefae&w,f qdkwJh oabmeJYywfoufvdkY
r,Hk w0uf? ,Hkw0uf jzpfaeygao;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dxufxif&Sm;jywfom;wJh Oyrmudk aqmifawmfrlygOD;
q&mawmf/
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xkwf& vdrfhr,f/
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'umBuD;/ ynmt&nftcsif;eJYywfoufvdkY wynfhawmfbJGU ig;bJGU&xm;ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tJ'DbJGYawGudk ajymjyprf;ygOD; 'umBuD;/
'umBuD;/ 'DbJGUawGuawmh trfat? yDtdyf(csf)'D? 'Dtuf(pf)pD? 'Dvpf(wf) eJY bm;tuf(wf)avm
bJGUrsm; jzpfygw,f q&mawmf/
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'umBuD;/ 'DbJGUtm;vHk;udk&zdkY&ef tESpfoHk;q,favmufBudK;pm;cJh&ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tckeu 'umBuD;ajymcJhwJh bJGUig;bJGUvHk;[m 'umBuD;rSm &Sdovm;/
'umBuD;/ wynfhawmfrSm 'DbJGUig;bJGUvHk; &Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
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'umBuD;/ (acwåcPrQpOf;pm;NyD;aemuf) 'DodyÜHynmbJGUeJYywfoufwJhvufrSwfudk wynfhawmf xkwfjy
Edkifygw,f q&mawmf/
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q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;ajymwJhtwdkif;qdk&if'umBuD;tckeuajymcJhwJhbJGUig;bJGUeJY ywfoufwJht&nftcsif;

awG 'umBuD;rSm r&Sdbl;vdkYbJ OD;yÍÆif; ,lq&awmhrSmaygh/
'umBuD;/ trSefuawmh wynfhawmfrSm'DbJGUig;bJGUeJYywfoufwJht&nftcsif;awG&Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
NAdwdoQ tpdk;&uawmif 'Dt&nftcsif;awG wynfhawmfrSm &Sdw,fvdkY todtrSwfjyKxm;ygw,f/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;u tckvdk tcdkiftrmajym&ifjzifh 'umBuD;&Jht&nftcsif;awG[m 'umBuD;&Jh
OD;acgif;xJrSm &Sdw,faygh/
'umBuD;/ OD;acgif;xJrSmawmh r&Sdygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh tonf;ESvHk;xJrSmvm;/
'umBuD;/ tonf;ESvHk;xJrSmvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh 0rf;AdkufxJrSmvm;/
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q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh vufawGxJrSmvm;/
'umBuD;/ vufawGxJrSmvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh 'umBuD;tem;rSmyJvm;/
'umBuD;/ tem;rSmvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;[m ESpfaygif; 30eD;yg; 'DbJGUig;bJGUeJY ywfoufwJht&nftcsif;awGeJY
jynfhpHkatmifBudK;pm; vmcJh&w,f/ 'Dt&nftcsif;awGeJY jynfhpHkvmwmvnf; ESpfaygif; 20 eD;yg;&SdNyD/
'Dt&nftcsif;awGeJY 'umBuD; [m wu,fjynfhpHkw,fqkdNyD; NAdwdoQtpdk;&u 'umBuD;udk Oya'ynmqkdif&m
aumvdyfausmif;rSm ausmif;tkyfBuD; &mxl;udk ay;tyfcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'umBuD;[m 'umBuD;&Jh
t&nftcsif;awGudk b,frSmodkavSmif xm;w,fqdkwmudk 'umBuD;rajymjyEdkifbl;/ 'D t&nftcsif; awG
b,frSm udef;0yfaew,f qdkwmudkvnf; rajymjyEdkifbl;/ 'gwGifrubl; 'umBuD;rSm tck&SdaewJh
t&nftcsif;awG[m ,ckrsufarSmufb0rSm 'umBuD;&Jh tm;xkwfrI? BudK;pm;rIwdkYrS ay:xGufvm&wJh
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'DtusdK;w&m;awGudk'umBuD;[m aoonfhwkdifatmifcHpm;&r,f/ 'gayr,fh 'umBuD;[m 'DtusdK;w&m; awG
udk jyvnf;rjyEdkifbl;/ b,fae&mrSm olwdkYudef;0yfaew,fvdkYvnf; rajymEdkifbl;/ 'DuH&JhtusdK;w&m;qdkwm
tMuifolwOD;wa,mufaoonftxd xdkolvkyfcJhudkifcJhwJh vkyf&yfrsm; twkdif; olvkyfcJhwm aumif;&ifvnf;
aumif;ovdk? qdk;&ifvnf; qkd;ovdk? aumif;usdK;? qdk;usdK;wdkYudk ay;aewmyJ/ NyD;awmh tckb0rSm
vkyfwJhvkyf&yftvdkuf tem*wfb0rSmvnf; uH&JhtusdK;ay;w&m; aumif;&if vnf; aumif;rGefpGmeJY
Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefae&r,f/ qdk;&ifvnf; 'ku©qif;&JBuD;pGmeJY Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzef jyefae&r,f/ uJ
'umBuD;? 'D rjriftyf? rjrifEdkifwJh uH&JhtusdK;w&m;aMumifh Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzef b,fvdk jyefae&w,f
qdkwJhoabmudk em;vnfoGm;NyDvm;/
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oabm aygufoGm;ygNyD/ 'D uH&JhtusdK;w&m;eJYywfoufvdkY wynfhawmfrSm oHo,r&Sd? cRif;csufr&Sd ,HkMunf
ygNyD q&mawmf/ 'gwGifrubl;? rSm;,Gif;wJh or½dk;us zefqif;&Sif0g'rSm;awGvnf; ajyaysmufukefygNyD
q&mawmf/
xdktcsdefwGif y&dówfxJrS zm&pDvlrsdK; 'umwa,mufu xí ...
q&mawmf&Jh uH\tusdK;w&m;eJYywfoufwJh todÓPf? ynmom;ygwJha[majymrIaMumifh trsdK;rsdK;aom

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b,folurS rcsdK;zsufEdkifbl;qkdwmudkvnf; wynfhawmfwdkY tckdiftNrJ,HkMunfMuygNyD q&mawmf/
xdkaemuf y&dówfxkBuD; w&yfvHk;u om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (3)
Ak'¨0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨topfwzefjyefaejcif;oabmESifh [dE´L0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;oabmwdkYonf
rnfuJhodkY uJGjym;jcm;em;Muoenf;/
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ Ak'¨0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefaejcif;oabm[m y#dpöorkyÜm'fw&m;ay:

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w&m;jzifh tm;vHk;ysufpD;rS Zmwdy#doaE¨[m topfwzefjyefaew,f/ 'Dvdk Zmwdy#doaE¨ topfwzefjyefae
wJh ae&mrSm b0a[mif;u 'DajymcJhwJh cE¨mawGxJu b,fcE¨mrS ygroGm;bl;/ ,ck rsufarSmufb0rSm
vkyfudkifcJhorQ uHw&m;wdkY[m tusdK;w&m;csnf;yJ/ NyD;awmh ,ck rsufarSmufb0rSm jyKvkyfcJhorQ?
vkyfudkifcJhorQ uHw&m;wdkY&Jh tusdK;w&m;awGeJY Zmwdy#doaE¨topfwzefjyefae&mrS ay:aygufvmwJh cE¨m
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t0dZÆmw&m;eJY Oyg'gefw&m;wdkY&Jhavmif;&dyfatmufrSm jyKvkyfaerQ umvywfvHk; 'Dvkyf&yfrsm;
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Zmwdy#doaE¨[mvnf; b,fw&m;rQ ul;ajymif;jcif;r&SdbJeJY topfwzef jyefaejcif; jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
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oGm;wJh ,ck rsufarSmufb0&Jh cE¨mudk,fxJuaeNyD;awmh aemifb0rSm topfjzpfay:vmwJh cE¨mudk,fxJudk
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tcktcsdeftxd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymrjyEdkifbl;/ topfjzpfwJh cE¨mudk,fxJrSmvnf; b,fae&mrSm 'Dtwå
odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfw&m;[m wnf&Sdw,fvdkYvnf; ajym rjyEdkifbl; 'umBuD;/
ajrGwaumif[m olY&Jhta&a[mif;udk qJGxkwfNyD; ta&opfxJrSm topfwzefjyefNyD; 0ifaeovdk? wenf;
tm;jzifh vlwOD;wa,muf[m olY&JhtusÐa[mif;udk cRwfNyD; tusÐtopfwxnfudkvJ0wfum tJ'DtusÐtopf
eJY tvkyfoGm;vkyfovdk twå odkYr[kwf 0dnmOf[mvnf; cE¨mudk,fta[mif;udkpGefYNyD; cE¨mudk,ftopfxJrSm
b0opf wzefjyefaew,fvdkY b*0g*DwxJrSm (AdóEdk;bk&m;0ifpm;w,fvdkY qdkxm;wJh) &S&Dc&pf&Se bk&m;u
a[mcJhw,fvdkY yl&Pfusrf;jyKq&mawGu a&;om;cJhw,f 'umBuD;/
wcg r[mbm&wusrf;xJrSmawmh tZÑKe u olY&Jh 0rf;uJGnDtpfudkawmfol 'l&da,m'eudk rowfvdkaMumif;

jiif;qefwJhtcgrSm &S&Dc&pf&Sebk&m;u ]]tZÑKe? tcsif; tZÑKe owfol&,fvdkYvnf; r&Sdbl;? aool
&,fvdkYvnf; r&Sdbl;/ oifh&Jh tvGefxif&Sm;ausmfMum;wJh av;nd§KUudkqJGNyD; oif&Jh tvGef pGrf;yum;
BuD;rm;vSwJh jrm;jzifh 'k&da,m'eudk ypfavavmh}} vdkY trdefY&Sdw,fvdkY a&;om;xm;jyefw,f/ 'D
pum;ESpfcGef;vHk;[m &S&Dc&pf&Sebk&m; udk,fawmfjrwf a[mcJhwJh w&m;csnf;yJwJh/ wcku b*0g*DwxJrSm
ygw,f/ wcku r[mbm&wxJrSm ygw,f/ wckeJYwck[m rudkufnDbl;/ qefYusifaew,f/ trSefuawmh
tajctjrpfr&SdwJh pdwful;csufrsm;? ,lqcsufrsm; om jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
Ak'ä[mawmfrlcJhwJh tbd"r®mxJrSm pdwfESifhapwoduf ESpf&yfaygif; emrf(53)yg;? tm½kH (6)yg;?
tm½kHjzpfyGm;ap EdkifwJh½kyf (28)yg;? tm½kHxif&m 'Gg& (6)yg;? (6)'Gg& rSm (6)tm½kHxif[yfwdkif; jzpfay:vmwJh
0dnmOf(6)yg;? wPSm (6)yg;eJY Oyg'gef (4)yg;? tJ'D wPSmeJY Oyg'gefwdkYudk jzpfyGm;apwJh a&aomufjrpf
a0'em(6)yg; ponftm;jzifh ydkif; jcm;xm;w,f/ emrfydkif;rSmvnf; pdwfESifh apwoduf 2rsdK;&SdNyD;
tm½Hkxif[yfrI? tm½HkcHpm;rItvdkuf pdwftrsdK;rsdK; cJGjcm;xm;ao;w,f/ tJ'D[mawGuawmh avmb
t&if;cHwJh avmbrlpdwf (8)yg;? a'got&if;cHwJh a'gorl pdwf (2)yg;? arm[t&if;cHwJh arm[rlpdwf
(2)yg;? aygif; (12)yg;ygyJ/ 'D (12)yg;aom pdwfwdkYudk tukodkvfpdwf vdkY ac:w,f 'umBuD;/
tJ'gtjyif t[dwfpdwf (18)yg;? umraombPpdwf(24)yg;? ½lypdwf (15)yg;? t½lypdwf (12)yg;?
avmukwå&m pdwf tusOf; (8)yg;? tus,f(40) pkpkaygif; pdwftusOf; (89)yg; &Sdw,f/
tus,ftm;jzifhqkd&if (121)&Sdw,f/ pdwfeJY ,SOfwJGaewJh apwodufawGuvnf; zó (awGYxdrI)? a0'em
(cHpm;rI)? onm (rSwfom;rI)? apwem (aphaqmfrI)? {u*¾wm (tm½Hkpkaygif;rI)? ZD0dwdÈ´d, (½kyfESifhemrfudk
&Sifoefatmifapmifhxdef;rI)? reoDum& (ESvHk;oGif;rI)? 0dwuf (tm½Hkudk a&SU½IapvTwfrI)? 0dpm&
(tm½HküqifjcifrI)? tcdarmu© (tm½HkudkqHk;jzwfrI)? 0d&d, (vHkYvjyKrI)? yDwd (ESpfoufrI)? qE´ (jyKvkdrI)?
arm[ (awGa0rI)? t[d&du (tukodkvfudkr&SufrI)? taemwåyÜ (tukodkvfudk raMumufrI)? O'¨pö (ysHUvGifhrI)?
avmb (wyfrufrI)? 'd|d (t,lrSm;rI)? rme (axmifvTm;rI)? a'go (trsufxGufrI)? £óm (olwyg;
pnf;pdrfudk remvdkrI)? rpä&d, (rdrdpnf;pdrfudk 0efwdkrI)? ukuúKpö (jyKNyD; tukodkvf? rjyKrdaom
ukodkvfwdkYaMumifh pdwfyifyef;rI)? xde (udk,f\xdkif;rdIif;rI)? rd'¨ (pdwf\xdkif;rdIif;rI)? 0dpdudpäm (oHo,&SdrI)?
o'¨m (,HkMunfrI)? owd (rarhrI)? [d&d (tukodkvfjyK&rnfudk&SufrI)? MowåyÜ(tukodkvf jyK&rnfudk
aMumufrI)? tavmb (pGefYvTwfrI)? ta'go (cspfcifrI)? wMwrZÑwåwm (tv,ftvwf oabm xm;rI)?
um,yó'¨d (udk,f\Nidrf;at;rI)? pdwåyó'¨d (pdwf\Nidrf;at;rI)? um,v[kwm (udk,f\ayghyg;rI)?
pdwåv[kwm (pdwf\ayghyg;rI)? um,rk'kwm (udk,f\El;nHhrI)? pdwårk'kwm (pdwf\El;nHhrI)?
um,ur®nwm (udk,f\trIückdifcHhrI)? pdwåur®nwm (pdwf\trIückdifcHhrI)? um,yg*knwm
(udk,f\uRrf;usifrI)? pdwå yg*knwm (pdwf\uRrf;usifrI)? um,kZkuwm (udk,f\ajzmifhrwfrI)?
pdwåKZkuwm (pdwf\ajzmifhrwfrI)? or®m0gpm (raumif;wmudk rajymjcif;)? or®mur®Eå (raumif;aom
tvkyfudk rvkyfjcif;)? or®mtmZD0 (aumif;pGm toufarG;jcif;)? u½kPm (qif;&Jolukd oem;jcif;)? rk'dwm
(csrf;omrI&olwdkYtwGuf0rf;ajrmufjcif;) tp &Sdonfjzifh (52)yg;&Sdw,f 'umBuD;/
½kyf taetm;jzifhvnf; ajr? a&? av? rD; "mwfBuD;av;yg;vdkY ac:aeMuwJh r[mbkwfav;yg;ESifh t&H½kyfao;
(24)yg;? aygif; (28)yg;&Sdjyefw,f/ tJ'DajymcJhwJh pdwf apwodufawG? ½kyfawGudk wl&mwl&m pkyHkNyD;
zJGUpnf;Munfh vdkufawmh ½lyu©E¨m? a0'eu©E¨m? onu©E¨m? ocFg&u©E¨m? 0dnmPu©E¨m qdkwJh
cE¨mig;yg;yJ&w,f/ tm,we tm;jzifh zJGU&if (12)yg;&Sdw,f/ "mwftm;jzifh zJGY&if (18)yg;&Sdw,f/ tJ'gawG
tm;vHk;udk tusOf;qHk; xyfNyD; csKyfvdkufawmh emrfeJY½kyf (2)yg;om &Sdw,f/
trSeftm;jzifh txufyg ½kyfemrf(2)yg; ocFg&w&m;awG[m rD;pmESifhqDaMumifh awmufavmifaewJh rD;awmuf
rD;vQHvdk tqufrjywf csKyfNidrf;aeNyD; tqufrjywf awmufavmifaewJh w&m;rQomjzpfw,f/ tpOfxm0&
wnfwHhcdkifNrJaezdkY rajymxm;eJY? rsufpdwrSdwf vQyfwjyuftwGif;rSmyif uka#wodef;cefY csKyfNidrf;ysufpD;&wJh

w&m;omjzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh twå odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfqdkwJhw&m;u 'Dw&m;awGudk zefqif;w,f?
jy|mef;w,f? jyKjyifw,f qdkwm bmrQ ,kwåd,kwåmr&Sdbl;qdkwm xif&Sm;aeNyDr[kwfvm;/ 'D twå odkYr[kwf
0dnmOfqdkwJh w&m;[m &Sdvnf; r&Sdbl;/ vltcsdKU&JhpdwfxJrSm &Sdw,fvdkY xifjrif,lqxm;wJh w&m;rQom
jzpfw,f'umBuD;/
twå odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfeJYqkdif&m oabmw&m;ukd yÍövufESifh y&dwfrEåmefacwftwGif;rS &pf(*f)a0'usrf;?
omr a0'usrf;? ck'´*Dwusrf;? tw¬m&a0'usrf; pwJh [dE´Lusrf;*efwdkYxJrSm rawGY&bl; 'umBuD;&Jh/
'gayr,fh ausmuf wHk;? ausmuf½kyfwkdYudk bk&m;toGifxm;NyD; udk;uG,fwJhacwf aemufydkif;usawmhrS
jA[®PawGu twå0g' odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfeJYqkdif&m oabmw&m;udk qJGoGif;vmMuw,f/ 'D0g't& y&rwår
(tjrwfqHk;bk&m;ocif) udk,fawmfjrwfudk zefqif;&SiftaeeJY r[kwfrrSefzefwD;xm;NyD; pMum0Vm wckvHk;
twGif;rSm&SdwJh vl? wd&pämef owå0g &Sd&SdorQwdkY&Jh twåawG[m 'D y&rwårudk,fawmfjrwf&Jh cE¨mudk,frS
vGifhpifusaewJh rD;aygufrD;zGm;awG omjzpfw,fvdkY a[mMu? ajymMu? a&;om;Muw,f/ &pf(*f)a0'?
omra0'? tw¬m&a0'usrf;wkdY&Jh yÍövuf acwftwGif;u yÍövuftwwfawG? rEåmeftwwfawGudk
jzefYcsDaeMuwJh jA[®PawG[m y&rwårudk,fawmf jrwf&Jh udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;taeeJY tylaZmf
tuefawmhcHcJhMuw,f 'umBuD;/ tJ'g [dE´Lt,l0g'xJudk twå odkYr[kwf 0dnmOf0g'udk xdk;oGif;vmcJhyHkyJ
'umBuD;/
Ak'¨0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨ wzefjyefvnfaejcif;ESifh [dE´L0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;oabmwdkYudk ususee
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;em;vnfoabmayguf&if 'Doabmw&m;ESpfck[m wckeJYwckt0DpdeJYb0*favmuf
uGmjcm;vsuf &Sdwmudk awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/
a'gufwm/ 'D Ak'¨0g't& Zmwdy#doaE¨wzefjyefaejcif;oabmeJY [dE´L0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;
oabmwdkYudk q&mawmfu ,ckuJhodkY tajctjrpfupNyD; jyefvnf&Sif;jyawmfrlvdkufwJhtwGuf 'D jA[®P
awG[m olwdkY udk,fusdK;twGuf vlawGtcsif;csif; ZmwdawGudk cJGjcm;xm;ovdk 'Dtwå0g'udkvnf; wDxGif
xm;Muw,f qkdwmudk wynfhawmfwdkY xifxif&Sm;&Sm;BuD; odjrifoabmaygufvmMuygNyD q&mawmf/
xdktwGif; y&dówfxJrS 'umBuD;wa,mufu xí ...

q&mawmfbk&m;? wynfhawmfwkdYudk,fwdkif [dE´Lbmomudkudk;uG,fMuw,fqkdayr,fh wynfhawmfwdkYudktvGef
aumufuspfyg;eyfvSwJh jA[®PawGu a'0usrf;awG[m olwdkYvdkjrifhjrwfwJh jA[®PawGeJYomqkdifw,f?
omrefvlawG rudkif&? rxd&vdkY wif;wif;MuyfMuyf wm;jrpfxm;MuwJhtwGuf wynfhawmfwdkY&Jh [dE´Lw&m;&Jh
tajccHjzpfwJh a'0usrf;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY bmrQem;rvnfbJ jzpfMu&ygw,f/ uaeYrSyJ q&mawmfu
twå0g' &Jh t&if;tjrpfudk &Sif;vif;a[majymawmfrlvdkufwJhtwGuf wynfhawmfwdkY[m twåeJY y&rwårwdkYeJY
ywfouf wJh jyóemudk em;vnfMuygw,f bk&m;/ 'gaMumifh wynfhawmfwkdYudk zdxm;wJh orm;½dk;us
t,ltqawGudk z,f&Sm;awmfrlvdkufNyD; vrf;rSefudk nTefjyawmfrlvkdufwJhtwGuf q&mawmftm; aus;Zl;
txl;wifvSygw,f bk&m;/
xdkaemuf y&dówfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (4)
edAÁmef [laomw&m;onf wu,fyif &Sdygovm;bk&m;/ tu,fí &Sdygu xdkw&m;onf tb,frSmenf;/
rnfonfh w&m;ESifhwlygoenf; bk&m;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - bHkbdkifNrdKU yJGpm;BuD; rpöwmvuf(uf)'g0g;vm;? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf
t&Sift&d,"r®/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ 'umBuD;&Jhtar;ykpäm[m wcsufckwf oHk;csufjywf ar;cGef;yJ? 'umBuD;&Jh

ar;cGef;udk ajz&mrSm OD;yÍÆif;[m wm0efoHk;ckudk wcgwnf; xrf;aqmif&vdrfhr,f/
yxrwm0efu edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&SdaMumif; jyzdkYjzpfw,f/
'kwd, wm0efuawmh edAÁmef[m b,fae&mrSm&Sdw,f qdkwm jyzdkYjzpfw,f/
wwd, wm0efuawmh edAÁmef&Jh toGiftjyifvu©Pmudk azmfxkwfjyzdkY jzpfw,f/
yxrqHk;wm0efjzpfwJh edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&SdaMumif;jyzdkY&m 'umBuD;udk OD;yÍÆif;u jyefNyD;
ar;&vdrfhOD; r,f/ uJ 'umBuD;uvnf; ajzygOD;/
q&mawmf/ ,aeY urÇmay:rSm &SdaeMuwJhvlawGtm;vHk;[m toufw&mxdatmif aeMu&yghrvm;/
0g;vm;/ toufw&mxdatmif aeMu&rSm r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ olwdkYwawG bmjzpfukefMuygrvJ 'umBuD;/
þwGif q&mawmfu oifykef;ay:ü wzufrS edAÁmef[laomw&m; wu,fwrf;wnf&SdaeyHkESifh tjcm;wzufrS
pMum0VmBuD;ESifhwuG þpMum0VmBuD;ay:wGif &Sd&SdorQaom owå0gwdkY\ rwnfrNrJazmufjyefwwfonfh
oabmwdkYudk atmufygtwdkif; EdIif;,SOfa&;om;jyygonf/
pMum0VmBuD; ESifh qefYusifbufedAÁmef
1/ aojcif;w&m; &Sd\/ 1/ aojcif;w&m; r&Sd/
2/ tdkjcif;w&m; &Sd\/ 2/ tdkjcif;w&m; r&Sd/
3/ emjcif;w&m; &Sd\/ 3/ emjcif;w&m; r&Sd/
4/ 'ku©ESifhqif;&Jjcif; &Sd\/ 4/ 'ku©ESifhqif;&Jjcif;wdkYrS uif;Nidrf;onfh wu,fh

csrf;omokc &Sd\/
5/ rwnfNrJ/ 5/ wnfNrJ\/
6/ pdwfESifhuHwdkY\ zefqif;rI/ 6/ pdwfESifhuHwdkYu rzefqif;/ (tocFw"mwf)
7/ ysufpD;\/ (tedpö) 7/ rysufpD;Edkif/ (edpö)
8/ tptqHk;&Sd\/ (tm'dteEå) 8/ tptqHk; r&Sd/ (tem'dteEå)

pMum0VmBuD; ESifh qefYusifbufedAÁmef
9/ roefY&Sif;acs/ 9/ oefY&Sif;\/
10/ arG;zGm;Mu&\/ (Zmwd) 10/ arG;zGm;Mu&jcif;r&Sd (tZmwd)
11/ rodrjrifjcif;? 11/ þw&m;rsm; tm;vHk;rS uif;pif\/

pJGvrf;jcif;?
vdkcsifwyfrufjcif;? pdwfqdk;jcif;? Murf;wrf;jcif;?
&efNidK;zJGUjcif; ponfh w&m;rsm; &Sd\/
(t0dZÆm? Oyg'gef? avmb? a'go)
12/ oHa,mZOfBudK; (10)acsmif;jzifh aESmifzJGYxm;\/ 12/ rnfonfh oHa,mZOfBudK;rQ r&Sd/
13/ taESmiftzJGY &Sd\/ 13/ vGwfvyf\/
14/ oHo&mtwGif;ü &Sd\/ 14/ oHo&mrS vGwfajrmuf\/
15/ t&omrsm; &Sd\/ 15/ vGwfajrmufonfht&om wckwnf;om &Sd\/
16/ tmomajyrI r&Sd/ 16/ tmomajyvsuf &Sd\/
17/ csdK;ESdrfí &\/ (oH0&oabm &Sd\) 17/ csdK;ESdrfí r&/ (toH0&oabm &Sd\)
18/ tuefYtowf &Sd\/ 18/ tuefYtowf r&Sd
19/ cHpm;jcif; (a0'em)ESifh wyfrufjcif; (wPSm) 19/ a0'emESifh wPSmw&m;wdkYrS vGwfajrmuf\/

w&m; wkdYjzifh tDae\/
20/ wu,fr&Sd (y&rwfr[kwf? rNrJ) 20/ wu,f&Sd\/ (y&rwf)? NrJ\/
21/ pMum0Vmonf wu,fr&Sd 21/ edAÁmefonf wu,f&Sd\/
q&mawmf/ (txufygtwdkif; oifykef;BuD;ay:ü a&;om;jyNyD;aemuf ...) uJ 'umBuD;? tck OD;yÍÆif;

a&;jyxm; wJh qef;ppfcsuft& edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,fwrf;&Sdw,fqdkwmudk vufcHEdkif&Jhvm;/
0g;vm;/ edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&Sdw,fqdkwJhtcsufeJYywfoufvdkY q&mawmf &Sif;jywJh tcsuf
tm;vHk;udk wynfhawmfvufcHygw,f/ 'gayr,fh owå0gawGrSm Zmwdw&m; csKyfNidrf;oGm;&w,f qdkwJh
tcsuf udkawmh wynfhawmf OD;acgif;xJrSm r&Sif;ao;bJ jzpfaeygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh OD;yÍÆif;u &Sif;jy&ao;wmaygh/ 'umBuD;? arG;zGm;jcif; (Zmwdw&m;) qdkwm[m
aojcif;&Jh taMumif;w&m;yJ/ edAÁmefa&mufNyD;rS owå0gwOD;OD;[m zGm;&OD;r,fqdk&if xdkowå0g[m ao&rSm
trSefjzpfw,f/ tJ'Dvdk aojcif;w&m;&Sdae&if edAÁmef[m arG;zGm;jcif;? tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;qdkwJhw&m;awG
csKyfNidrf;&mw&m; r[kwfawmhbl;/ jrpfwpif;[m jrpfzsm;cH&ma'orSm arG;zGm;NyD; jrpf0txd[m 'Djrpf&Jh

woufwmb0yJ/ 'Denf;twkdif;yJ owå0gwOD;OD;&Jhb0woufwm[m arG;zGm;wJhtcgupNyD; aowJhtcgrSm
tqHk;owf&w,f/ 'gaMumifhedAÁmefqdkwJh w&m;xJrSm arG;zGm;jcif;qdkwJh w&m;r&Sdawmhbl;/ arG;zGm;jcif;eJY ao
jcif;[m BudK;wacsmif;xJyJ/ tpwzufu arG;zGm;jcif;qdkwmjzpfNyD; useftpwzufu aojcif;yJ/ onfhjyif
tcsufwcsufvnf; &Sdao; w,f/ tJ'gu arG;zGm;jcif;eJY aojcif;wdkY[m 'ku©w&m;awGvnf;jzpfw,f/
NrJvnf;NrJwJhw&m;awG r[kwfMubl; 'umBuD;/
0g;vm;/ q&mawmf&Jh &Sif;vif;csufjzifh arG;zGm;jcif;eJY aojcif;w&m;wdkYtaMumif;udk wynfhawmf
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnfygNyD q&mawmf/ edAÁmefqdkwJh w&m;[mvnf; arG;zGm;jcif;? aojcif;qdkwJh
w&m;wdkY&Jh uif;Nidrf; &m jzpfw,f qkdwmudkvnf; odjrifem;vnfygNyD q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tck 'umBuD;u edAÁmefqkdwJYw&m;[m t[kwftrSef&SdaMumif;udk ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJY
vufcHygNyD qdkawmh OD;yÍÆif;u edAÁmefqkdwJYw&m;[m b,fae&mrSm&SdygovJ qkdwJh 'kwd,tqifh ar;cGef;udk
ajzMum;& OD;r,f/
txufu OD;yÍÆif; &Sif;vif;jycJhwJh tcsuftvufrsm;t& edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m; udef;0yfzdkY ae&mXme &SdvdkY
rjzpfawmhbl;/ tu,fí ae&mXmewck&SdcJhvQif xdkae&mXme&Jh rlvADZw&m;&Sd&r,f/ rlvADZw&m; &SdwmeJY
wNydKifeuf xdkw&m;[m ysufpD;csKyfNidrf;oGm;&r,f/ trSefuawmh edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;[m yx0D? awaZm?
tmayg? 0ga,m qkdwJh r[mbkwfBuD;(4)yg;eJY bmrQrywfoufbl;/ uif;vGwfw,f/ 'D r[mbkwfBuD;
(4)yg;eJY uif;vGwfvdkufwmeJYwNydKifeuf bmw&m;rQr&Sdbl;/ bm½kyf0w¬KrQr&Sdbl;/ bmtoGifoP²mefrSvnf;
r&Sdbl;/ b,fae&mXmerSvnf; r&Sdbl;/ 'D r[mbkwfBuD; (4)yg; pkaygif;jzpfay:&wJhw&m;[lorQrSm ysufpD;
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'umBuD; em;axmifayawmh/
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(xdkaemuf q&mawmfu rpöwm vufu'g 0g;vm;tm; ...)

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0g;vm;/ rSefyg? q&mawmf ,ckjyvdkufwJh OyrmeJYyJ &Sif;oGm;ygNyD q&mawmf/
xdkaemuf w&m;emy&dówfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (5)
todÓPfonf OD;aESmufxJwGifr&SdbJ [',½kyf0w¬KxJüom&Sdonf [laomtcsufudk q&mawmf xifxif
&Sm;&Sm; jyawmfrlyg bk&m;
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - ygarmu© a*s? trf? azmhpwm? trfat? trftuf(pf)pD? bHkbkdifwuúodkvf
rS odyÜHynm ygarmu©? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®/)
(q&mawmfu ol\ykpämtwGuf tajzudk azmfxkwf&ef ygarmu© a*s? trf? azmhpwmtm; atmufygar;cGef;udk

jyefvSefí ar;ygonf/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ todÓPf[m OD;aESmufxJwGif&Sdonf[lí 'umBuD; tb,faMumifh ,lq
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OD;aESmufxJ&SdwJh taMumawG&JhtrsdK;trnfudk cJGMunfhawmh a0'emaMum? onmaMum? qEáMum?
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q&mawmf/
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azmhpwm/ odkavSmifxm;ygw,f q&mawmf/
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q&mawmf/ 0dnmP"mwf[m wae&mwnf;rSm jzpfEdkifovm;? ESpfae&mrSm jzpfEdkifovm; 'umBuD;/

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q&mawmf/ tMuifolwOD;wa,muf[m xdwfvefYwkefvIyfoGm;wJhtcg OD;aESmufxJrSm 'D xdwfvefY
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q&mawmf/ wu,fvdkY 0rf;ajrmuf&TifjrL;rI jzpfvmjyefawmhaum b,fae&mrSm jzpfay:vmovJ
'umBuD;/
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q&mawmf/ wcg a'gotrsuf xGufvmjyefawmhaum b,fae&mrSm jzpfw,fvdkY xifovJ 'umBuD;
azmhpwm/ [',½kyf0w¬KxJrSmyJ jzpfyGm;w,fvdkY xifygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ wu,fvdkY tMuifolwOD;wa,muf[m tjcm;olwOD;wa,mufudk cspfcifMuifemrdwJh tcg
rSm ]]ig[m rif;udk OD;aESmufxJucspfw,f}} vdkY ajymovm;? ]]tonf;ESvHk;xJu cspfw,f}} vdkY ajymovm;/
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q&mawmf/ wu,fvdkY rkef;jyefawmhaum OD;aESmufxJu rkef;w,fvdkY ajymovm;? tonf;ESvHk;xJu
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q&mawmf/ uJ tck 'umBuD; ajymovdk cspfjcif;? rkef;jcif;? 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? a'gojzpfjcif;pwJh w&m;
awG[m tonf;ESvHk;xJrSm jzpfyGm;w,fvdkYqkd&if 'Dw&m;awG[m OD;aESmufxJrSm jzpfw,fvdkY qdkEdkifyg
OD;rvm; 'umBuD;/
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q&mawmf/
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tbd"r®m udk vufcH&Jhvm;
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q&mawmf/ "mwfzdkeJY"mwfr? wenf;tm;jzifh ½kyfw&m;eJYemrfw&m;r&SdbJeJY bmw&m;rQ rjzpfyGm;Edkifbl;
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azmhpwm/ 'Doabmw&m;udkvnf; wynfhawmf oabmwlygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ 'Dtcsufudk oabmusvufcHEdkifvdkY&Sd&if 'umBuD;wkdY&Jhaq;ynmu 'D0dnmP"mwf?
wenf;tm;jzifhtodÓPfynmeJYqkdif&m ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY&Jhoabmudk avhvmpl;prf;NyD; txift&Sm;
&Sif;vif; azmfxkwfEdkifNyDvm;/
azmhpwm/ wdwdusus txift&Sm; r&Sif;vif; razmfxkwfEdkifao;ygbl; q&mawmf/

q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh 'umBuD;wkdYaq;ynmu emrfw&m;eJYywfoufvdkY wu,fwrf; xdxda&mufa&muf
ravhvm rpl;prf;&ao;bl;aygh/
azmhpwm/ wu,fwrf; jynfhjynfhpHkpHk ravhvmrpl;prf;&ao;bl;vdkYbJ qkd&rSmyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh 'umBuD;wkdY&Jh aq;ynmu todÓPfynm[m OD;aESmufxJrSm pwifjzpfyGm;w,f
qdkwm[m rSef;qcsufavmufyJ &Sdao;wmaygh/ wdwdusus {uef{u wxpfcs rajymEdkifao;bl;aygh/
azmhpwm/ 'DoabmyJ qdkufaeawmhwmaygh q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ oAÁnKwa&TÓPfawmfudk &&SdawmfrlNyD; &Sd&SdorQaom w&m;pkwdkYudkvnf; ,xmblwusus
odjrifxm;awmfrlwJh Ak'üdk,fawmfjrwf[m ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkYudk jzpfpOf? ysufpOf 'Dw&m;ESpfyg;wdkY&Jh
wyg;eJY wyg; qufpyfaeyHk? trSDo[JjyKaeyHk ponfwdkYudk t<uif;rJh a[mawmfrlxm;cJhw,f/ tJ'Dvdk a[m
awmfrlcJhwJh w&m;awmfawGxJrSm rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,fcE¨m qkdwJhw&m;awGeJY 'Dw&m;awGeJY
awGYxd½dkufcwfwJh tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om eJY ½kyf0w¬KqdkwJh w&m;awG[m ½kyfw&m;jzpfNyD; 'Dw&m;awG
tcsif;csif; awGYxd ½dkufcwfvdkY ay:aygufvmwJh todÓPfqdkwJhemrfw&m;awG[m [',tdrfrSm jzpfay:
vmw,fvdkY twdtvif; yg&Sdw,f/ 'D todw&m;[m [',ESvHk;tdrfrSm jzpfay:vdkuf? csKyfNidrf;vdkufeJY
tqufrjywf a&tvsOf pD;ovdk jzpfaewJh w&m;yJ/ 0dyóemÓPfeJY ususee½IEdkifrS 'Dobm0udk
jrifEdkifw,f/
,cif 'umBuD;&Jhar;cGef;udk OD;yÍÆif; ajzqdkcJhpOfu todynmqdkwm vl&JhcE¨mudk,ftwGif; b,f
tpdwftydkif;xJrSmrS odkavSmifxm;wmr&Sdbl;/ rD;awmuf[m rD;jcpfqHxJrSma&m rD;jcpfbl;ay:rSm uyfxm; wJh
,rf;jym;xJrSmyg r&SdovdkbJ todÓPf qkdwmuvnf; rD;jcpfqHeJY ,rf;jym;udkjcpfvdkufrS rD;awmufay:vm
ovdk txufuajymcJhwJh rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm qdkwJh w&m;awGeJY tjyiftyrS ½kyf0w¬KwdkY&Jh ½dkufcwfrIrS
[',0w¬K qdkwJh ESvHk;tdrfrSm jzpfay:vm&wJh w&m;jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
tJ'Dawmh todÓPfynm[m OD;aESmufxJrSm jzpfyGm;vm&wJh w&m;r[kwfbJ [',½kyf0w¬KqkdwJh ESvHk;tdrfxJ
rSmom jzpfyGm;vm&w,f qkdwJhtcsufudk 'umBuD; oabmayguf vufcHEdkifNyDvm;/
azmhpwm/ q&mawmf ,ck &Sif;vif;ajymjyawmfrlvkdufwJhtwGuf todÓPfynm[m OD;aESmufxJrSm
pwifjzpfay:vm&w,fqdkwJh rSef;qcsufudk wynfhawmf y,fEdkifNyD; todÓPfynm[m
q&mawmftrdefY&Sdawmf rlwJhtwdkif; [',0w¬KxJrSm jzpfyGm;&w,fqdkwJhtcsufudk oabmaygufygNyD/
'DjyóemeJYywfoufvdkY wynfhawmfwkdYtm; ,ckvdk &Sif;vif;a[mjyawmfrlwJhtwGuf y&dówf&Jhudk,fpm;
aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f q&mawmf/
þwGif y&dówfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (6)
Ak'¨0g'onf acwfopf odyÜHynmxufyif jrifhrm;onf[k tb,fuJhodkYaom taxmuftxm; oufao
om"uwkdYjzifh ajymEdkifygoenf; q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - ygarmu© a*s? trf? azmhpwm? trfat? trftuf(pf)pD? bHkbkdifwuúodkvf
rS odyÜHynm ygarmu©? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ Ak'¨0g'qdkwJhw&m;xJrSm omrefvlom;wdkY&Jh tawGUtBuHKrQomr[kwfbJ urÇmh

taemufjcrf; odyÜHynmu rcsOf;uyfEdkif? rcsOf;uyf0HhwJh tvGefjrifhrm;vSwJh tawGYtBuHK? oabmw&m;awGyg
yg0ifaeavawmh 'D0g'[m tawmhfudk us,fjyefYvSygw,f/ prf;oyfcsufrQ? tawGYtBuHKrQ qdkwJh
w&m;awGay: rSm tajcwnfNyD; wpHkwckaom vsmxm;csufwdkYrS aumufEkwfxm;wJh w&m;aot,ltqrsm;?
t&rf;tuef; ,HkMunfrIrsm;udk pkpnf;xm;wJh a'oemrsdK;r[kwfbJ OyÜm'-0, jzpfjcif;? ysufjcif; qkdwJh
y"meOya'oay:rSm tajcwnfNyD; pMum0Vm wckvHk;twGif; jzpfysufaeMuwJh ½kyf? emrf? 0dnmOf w&m;
tpkpkudk wckrusef t<uif;rJh odjrifEdkifonfh oAÁnKw a&TÓPfawmf&Sif Ak'üdk,fawmfjrwfu &Sif;vif;
xkwfazmf a[majymawmfrlcJhwJh a'oemawmfjrwf jzpfw,f 'umBuD;&Jh/
azmhpwm/ rSefyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ wzufuMunfh&if acwfopf odyÜHynm[m rsm;jym;vSwJh odyÜHynm&SifawG? tbd"r®mq&m
awGu ½kyfavmuBuD;tay:rSm prf;oyf? pl;prf;? avhvmvdkY&orQtcsufawGay:rlwnfNyD; xlaxmifxm;wJh
ynmw&yfjzpfw,f/ tJ'DvlpkxJrSm c&pfray:rD ouú&mZf 546? wenf;tm;jzifh vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; (2500)
ausmf avmufu *&dwfjynfrSm xGef;um;cJhzl;wJh ao;(vf)(pf) qkdwJh tbd"r®mq&mBuD;[m yxrOD;qHk;yJ/
ol[m rD;usnf;cJrS rD;jzpfwmudk MunfhNyD;vQif vQyfppf"mwfoabmudk pwifrSef;qMunfhcJhw,f/ NyD;awmh
&Sd&SdorQaom ½kyf0w¬KawG&Jh r[mbkwfw&m;[m a&eJYavjzpfw,fvdkY azmfxkwfa[majymcJhw,f/ tJ'DupNyD;
tEkjrL"mwfudk azmfxkwfjyefw,f/ olYaemufrS odyÜHynm&SifawGeJY tbd"r®mq&mawGu olY&Jh
awGU&SdrSef;qcsufay: tajcwnfNyD; prf;oyfavhvmMujyefw,f/ acwfopfodyÜHynm[m tck wdk;wufwJh
tqifhudk a&mufaeNyDvdkY qkdwmawmifrS rjynfhpHkao;bl;/ vQyfppf"mwftm;eJY owådwdkY&Jh rlvblww&m;udk
rajymjyEdkifao;bl;/ 'gwifruao;bl;? Ak'¨0g'vdk pdwfeJYywfoufwJhtcef;rSm wu,fwrf; eufeufeJeJ pl;pl;
&S&SrawGYjrifEdkifao;bl;/ 'gaMumifhAk'¨0g'[m NyD;jynfhpHkwJhw&m;wckomjzpfwJhtjyif ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;
wdkYeJY ywfoufvdkYvnf; ususee t<uif;rJh odjrifxm;wJhw&m;jzpfwJhtwGuf acwfopfodyÜHynmxuf
jrifhrm; w,fvdkY OD;yÍÆif;u tcdkiftrm ajymqdk&jcif; jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/ q&mawmftcktrdefY&SdwJhpum;[m tbd"r®moabmeJYMunfh&if usdK;aMumif;,kwådeJYjynfhpHkwJh
vu©Pm&Sdaomfvnf; acwfopfodyÜHynmxuf Ak'¨0g'ujrifhjrwfw,fqdkwJhtcsufudk wynfhawmfwdkY Mum;em
vdkygw,fq&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh tckacwf odyÜHynm&SifawG? ygarmu©awG&Jh rsufarSmufrSm q&mawmf ,ck
&J&J0Hh0HhBuD; rdefYawmfrlvdkufwJh ]],aeY urÇmw0Srf;vHk;u todtrSwfjyKxm;wJh acwfopfodyÜHynmxuf
Ak'¨0g'u jrifhjrwfw,f? tvGefus,fjyefYeufeJw,f}} qdkwJhpum;udk ckdifvHkxif&Sm;apwJh om"uw&yfudk
rdefYawmfrlygvdkY awmif;yefyg&ap q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh&if 'umBuD;udk ½lyaA'eJY ywfoufvdkY OD;yÍÆif; ar;vdkw,f/
azmhpwm/ ar;awmfrlyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ vQyfppf"mwf[m b,fvdkoabmjzpfw,fqdkwm wdwdusus ajzprf;yg 'umBuD;/
þuJhodkYar;vdkufaomtcg ygarmu© rpöwmazmhpwm tygt0if bHkbdkifwuúodkvfrS ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh

ausmif;om;rsm;onf wOD;rsufESmudk wOD;MunfhMuNyD; (5)rdepfrQ tHhtm;oifhum bmrQ rajzqdkEdkifMubJ idkif
oGm;Muygonf/ xdktcg ...
q&mawmf/ uJ 'umBuD;wdkY b,folrQ rajzEdkifMuyguvm;/ (5)rdepfawmif &SdoGm;NyD/ 'umBuD;&Jh
wynfh awG rajymxm;eJY? 'umBuD;udk,fwdkifuyif bmtajzrQ ray;EdkifbJ jzpfaeNyD/ tJ'Dawmh OD;yÍÆif;&Jh
ar;cGef;udk OD;yÍÆif;udk,fwkdifyJ Ak'üdk,fwdkif a[mawmfrlcJhwJh w&m;awmfeJYtnD Ak'ä'oemawmfudk tajccH
xm;NyD; jyefajz&wmaygh/ OD;yÍÆif;&Jh tajzudkvnf; 'umBuD;wkdYtm;vHk;u 0dkif;0ef;NyD; a0zefbdkY&efvnf;
OD;yÍÆif;u awmif;yefvdkw,f/
azmhpwm/ q&mawmftckar;vdkufwJh ar;cGef;udk wynfhawmfwdkYom r[kwfyg? odyÜHynm&SifxdyfoD;awG
awmif ajzEdkifbdkY&m taMumif;r&Sdygbl; bk&mh/ tJ'Dawmh q&mawmfudk,fwdkifyJ q&mawmf&Jhar;cGef;udk jyefNyD;
ajzjyawmfrlyg/ wynfhawmfrsm; ususee rSwfom;xm;yg&ap/
q&mawmf/ uJ OD;yÍÆif;ajymr,fhtcsufawGudk 'umBuD; ususeeom rSwfom;xm;ayawmh/ vQyfppf
"mwf[m trSeftm;jzifh (1) ajr? (2) a&? (3) rD;? (4) av qdkwJh "mwfBuD;(4)yg;wdkY zJGYpnf;xm;wJh"mwfyJ/ 'D
"mwfBuD; (4)yg; rygbJeJY b,f½kyf0w¬KrQ rjzpfay:Edkifbl;/ tck OD;yÍÆif;ajymwJhtcsuf[m rSefrrSef tck
vufawGYoabmeJY qef;ppfMunfh&if jzpfygw,f/ vQyfppf"mwfudk vufeJYwkdYMunfh&if acsmarGYwJhoabmudk
awGY&vdrfhr,f/ tJ'D acsmarGYwJhoabmeJY awGYxdwJhoabm[m ajr(yx0D) "mwf&JhoabmyJ/ aemufowåd
wckuawmh vQyfppf"mwf rSm toGifoP²mef&Sdw,f/ tJ'D toGifoP²mef[m a& (tmayg)"mwfoabmyJ/ 'D
a& (tmayg) "mwfrygbJESifh b,f½kyf0w¬KrQ toGifoP²mefr&Sdbl;/ aemufowådwckuawmh tJ'D
vQyfppf"mwfudk prf;oyfMunfh&if ylwmudk awGY&vdrfhr,f/ tJ'D ylwm[m rD; (awaZm) "mwf&JhowådyJ/ 'D
awaZm"mwfrygbJESifh b,f½kyf0w¬KrQ rylEdkifbl;/ aemufowådwckuawmh vQyfppf"mwf[m ajzmifhwef; ae
wJhoabmyJ/ 'Dvdkajzmifhwef;aewm[m av (0ga,m) "mwf&JhowådyJ/ 'D av"mwfryg&if b,fenf;eJYrQ
ajzmifhwef;raeEdkifbl;/ 'gudkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh vQyfppf"mwf[m a&? ajr? av? rD; qkdwJh "mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkY
zJGYpnf;xm;wmjzpfw,fqdkwmudk b,folrQ rjiif;Edkifbl;/ jiif;vnf; jiif;vdkYrjzpfbl;/ 'Dtcsufudk
'umBuD;wdkYu vufrcHEdkifbl;qdkwmudk ckdifvHkwJhtaMumif;jycsufeJY ajymEdkifygw,f/
azmhpwm/ q&mawmf tck trdefY&SdawmfrlvdkufwJh vQyfppf"mwf&Jh oabmeJY owåd&,f? 'DvQyfppf"mwfxJ
rSm "mwfBuD;av;yg; yg0ifaew,fqdkwJh tcsuf&,f? 'DtcsufawG[m tvGefxif&Sm;&Sif;vif;vSwJhtwGuf
wynfhawmfwdkY rjiif;Edkifygbl; q&mawmf/ 'Dtcsufudk wynfhawmfwdkY aumif;pGm rSwfwrf;wifxm;ygw,f
bk&m;/
q&mawmf/ vQyfppf"mwfeJY ywfoufvdkY OD;yÍÆif; ajymjywJhtcsufukd oabmusw,f? vufcHw,fqdk&if
OD;yÍÆif;u 'umBuD;udk aemufxyf ar;cGef;wck ar;&tHk;r,f/ 'umBuD; ususee em;axmifNyD; ajzprf;ygtHk;/
azmhpwm/ rSefyg? ajzyghr,f q&mawmf/ ar;awmfrlyg/
q&mawmf/ tck rsufarSmufacwfrSm Munfh&if odyÜHynm[m tm;vHk;udk zefwD;Edkifw,f/ tck
arSmifae&mu vif;apcsif&if wcgxJ cvkyfuav;udk ESdyfvdkuf½HkeJY vif;oGm;wmyJ/ txufudk wufcsif
&ifvnf; vQyfppf"mwf avSum;xJu cvkyfuav;wckudk ESdyfvdkuf½HkeJY wufoGm;Edkifw,f/ ae&m wcku
tjcm; a0;vHwJhae&mwckudk oGm;csif&ifvnf; armif;olrygwJh "mwf&xm;eJY oGm;Edkifw,f/ rdkifaygif;
axmifaomif;ru a0;vHvSwJh t&yf a'orSm &SdwJhvludk vSrf;NyD;pum;ajymcsif&ifvnf; ajymEdkifw,f/
uckefupm;aeMuwJh vlawGudkMunfhcsif&ifvJ jrifEdkifw,f/ rdkifaygif; aomif;eJYcsDNyD; uGma0;wJha'ou
wpHkwa,muf oDcsif;qdkoH? wD;oHudk em;axmifcsif &ifvnf; em;axmifEdkifw,f/ tvGefat;jrwJh &moDOwk
&SdwJhae&ma'o wckudk aEG;atmifvnf; vkyfEdkifw,f/ rdk;&Gmatmifvnf; vkyfEdkifw,f/ rdk;udkvnf; xpfcsKef;
atmif vkyfEdkifw,f/ yifv,fa&jyifudkvnf; yGufyGufqlatmifvkyfEdkifw,f/ &Sd&SdorQ ½kyf0w¬KawGudk aorif;

a&mifjcnfeJY xdk;NyD; jymusatmifvkyfEdkifw,f/ tdk ... tqHk;owfajym&&if acwfopfodyÜHynm[m xm0&
bk&m;ocifxufawmif wefckd;jym#d[m jyEdkifao;w,f r[kwfvm; 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/ rSefyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tJ'DavmuftpGrf;xufjrufwJh 'umBuD;wdkY&JhodyÜHynm[m tvGefqdk;oGrf;Murf;wrf;,kwfrm
wJh vlwa,mufudk wcgwnf;eJY vlaumif;olaumif;wa,mufjzpfatmif jyKjyifzefwD; ay;Edkifyghrvm;/
azmhpwm/ odyÜHynm[m ouf&Sdowå0gawGtay:rSm bmrQ rvTrf;rdk;Edkifygbl; q&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh
vlqkd;vloGrf; vlMurf;wa,mufudk odrfarGYEl;nHhNyD; vlaumif;wa,mufjzpfvmatmif rzefwD;Edkifygbl; q&m
awmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ tckvdk odyÜHynmu vlqdk;vloGrf;udk vlaumif;olaumif;jzpfatmif rjyKjyif rajymif;vJ
Edkif&if odyÜHynm[m Ak'¨0g'avmuf rxufjrufaMumif;? wenf;tm;jzifh Ak'¨0g'[m odyÜHynmxuf ydkNyD;
jrifhjrwfaMumif; xif&Sm;jyefNyD/ bmjyKvdkYvnf;qdkawmh Ak'¨0g'[m qkd;oGrf;½kefY&if;vSwJhvlawGudk El;nHh
aysmhaysmif;NyD; vlaumif;olaumif;jzpfatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJay;Edkif½Hkwif rubl;? jA[®mawG? ewfawGudka&m?
vlom;xufyif rdkufrJcufxefvSwJh e*g;awG? bDvl;awG? ,u©awGudk aysmhaysmif;El;nHhNyD; oDv orm"d
wnfaqmufcsifvmatmif oGefoifqHk;rEdkifw,f/ uJ 'umBuD;udk aemufxyf ar;cGef;wck ar;&OD;r,f/
*&dwf tbd"r®mq&mBuD; ao;(vf)(pf)u pNyD;awmh ,ckacwf odyÜHynm&SifwdkYjzpfMuwJh qm*sHK;(ef)(pf) wkdY?
rufvDuefwdkYtxd b,fodyÜHynm&Sifrsm;u odyÜHeJYqdkif&m tpGrf;owåd[m b,ftay:rSm tajcwnfxm;
ovJ/ 'grSr[kwf&ifvJ 'Dvdk urÇmrSm BuD;pdk;vTrf;rdk;aewJh odyÜHynm&yf&Jh t"dutaMumif;&if;[m bmvJ
qdkwJhtcsufudk &Sif;vif;azmfjyEdkifcJhygovJ/
azmhpwm/ odyÜHynm[m obm0rSm jzpfysufaeMuwJh tawGYtBuHKeJY &mpkacwftenf;i,ftwGif;
vlawG&Jh vufawGY pl;prf;avhvmcsufwdkYtay:rSm tajcwnfxm;wJh ynm&yfjzpfavawmh wynfhawmfwkdY[m
odyÜHeJYqkdif&m tpGrf;owåd[m b,ftay:rSm tajcwnfaew,fqdkwmudk &Sif;vif;rjyEdkifbJ jzpfaeygw,f
q&mawmf/ 'gwifrubl;? 'DodyÜHynm&yf&Jh t"dutaMumif;[m bmvJqdkwJhtcsufudkvnf; r&Sif;vif;EdkifMu
ygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ 'gjzifh&if odyÜH&Jh tpGrf;owådwdkYeJYqdkif&m t"dutaMumif;w&m;wdkYudk Ak'¨&Jh tbd"r®m
oabm t& &Sif;jyr,f/ 'umBuD;wdkY aoaocsmcsm *½kpdkuf em;axmifMuNyD; a0zefp&m&Sd&ifvnf;
a0zefMuaygh/ r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufrsm;&Sd&ifvnf; ar;Muaygh/
oAÁnKwÓPfawmf&Sif Ak'¨&Jhtbd"r®mxJrSm &Sif;vif;a[mjyxm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; ajym&r,fqdk&if odyÜH&Jh
xif&Sm;wJh tpGrf;owåd[m (16)yg; &Sdw,f/ bmawGvJ qdk&if ...
(1) rmaMumjcif;? (2) El;nHhjcif;? (3) zJGYpnf;jcif;? (4) ,dkpD;jcif;? (5) yljcif;? (6) {jcif;? (7) tm;xkwfjcif;?
(8) wGef;uefjcif;? (9) vIyf&Sm;jcif;? (10) ½kef;uefjcif;? (11) ½kyfoP²mefay:jcif;? (12)
ta&miftqif;&Sdjcif;? (13) teHY&Sdjcif;? (14) t&om&Sdjcif;? (15) MoZm"mwfjzpfjcif;? (16) aMunufjcif;?
'gawG[mwckeJYwck cJGjcm;vdkY r&bJ aygif;pyfzJGYpnf;aeMuwJh "mwfBuD;(4)yg;rS ay:aygufvmMu&wJh
*kPfowådawGyJ/ 'D*kPfowådawGudk olY tpkeJY ol? taMumif;&if;udk&Smr,fqkd&ifvnf; rmaMumjcif;eJY
El;nHhjcif;wkdY[m yx0D"mwf&Jh owådyJ/ zJGYpnf;jcif;eJY ,dkpD;jcif;[m tmayg"mwf&Jh owådyJ/ yljcif;eJY{jcif;[m
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'D"mwfBuD;av;yg;[m r[mbkwfBuD; av;yg;yJ/
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aMunufjcif;qdkwmu (4) MoZm½kyf &Jh owådyJ/
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ar;cGef;trSwf (7)
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- q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®/)
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ar;cGef;trSwf (8)
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*sdK&SD/ ,ck q&mawmf&Jh tvif;a&mifeJY tarSmifw&m;wdkY&Jh Oyrm b0oHo&mudk tarSmifw&m;u
b,fvdkzefwD;w,fqdkwmudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;BuD; em;vnfoabmaygufygNyD q&mawmf/
þwGif w&m;emy&dówfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (9)
Ak'¨&Jh edAÁmefudk c&pf,mefbmom0ifwdkY&Jh aumif;uifbHkeef;? r[mar'ifbmom0ifwdkY&Jh O,smOfawmf? [dE´L
bmom0ifwkdY&Jh rkwådwdkYuJhodkY yHkoP²mefudk a[majymNyD; jyEdkifyghrvm; q&mawmf/ 'DvdkrS rjyEdkifcJhvdkY&Sd&if
edAÁmef w&m;[m wu,fwrf; &SdEdkifyghrvm; q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - c&pf,mefbkef;BuD; a*s? 0pf(vf)qif? trfat (atmufpzdkYwuúodkvf)
c&pf,mef bmom&yf yg&*l? bHkbkdifNrdKU? tufvDzifpwHk;aumvdyf? t*Fvdyfbmomygarmu©? ajzqdkol
- q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ tvGefw&mvnf; jrifhjrwf? csrf;omokceJYvnf; vHk;0jynfhpHkNyD; zsufqD;vdkYr&bJ

tpOfxm0&vnf; wnfNrJaewJh edAÁmefw&m;eJY ,SOfNydKifvdkY&wJhw&m;[m avmurSm r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh edAÁmef
qdkwJh w&m;udk oufqkdif&m bmomt,l0g'toD;oD;t& a[majymxm;wJh c&pf,mefbmom0ifwdkY&Jh aumif;
uifbHkeef;wdkY? r[mar'ifbmom0ifwkdY&Jh O,smOfawmfwdkY? [dE´Lbmom0ifwdkY&Jh rkwådwdkY qkdwJhw&m;awGeJYawmh
EdIif;,SOfvdkYr&bl;/ 'Dw&m;awGudk omrefvlom;awG&Jh ÓPfeJY pdwful;vdkY&w,f/
Ak'ü olY&Jh w&m;a'oemawmfawGxJrSm a[mjyawmfrlcJhwJh edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;udk Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkifeJY &[Eåm
yk*¾dKvfrsm;omvQif txift&Sm;jrifawmfrlEdkifw,f/ ewfawG? odMum;awG? jA[®mawGawmif rjrifEdkifMubl;/ 'D
edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;udk jrifEdkifodEdkifwJh tajctaeudka&mufzdkYqdkwmuvnf; vG,fulwmr[kwfbl;/ 'Dvdk
odEdkifzdkY&m -
1/ emr½ly y&d*¾[ÓPf (pdwfwdkY\wu,fhobm0ESifh ½kyfwdkY\wu,fhobm0udk ydkif;jcm;íodaom
ynm tvif;)
2/ ypö, y&d*¾[ÓPf (pdwfESifhwuG taxmuftyHhoabmwdkYudk4if;? ½kyfESifhwuG taxmuftyHhoabm
wdkYudk 4if; ydkif;jcm;íodaom ynmtvif;)
3/ or®oeÓPf (½kyf\jzpfysufrI? emrf\jzpfysufrIwdkYudk rNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;? tpdk;r&jcif;wkdYjzifh
jrifaom ynm tvif;)
4/ O'´,b,ÓPf (½kyfemrfwdkY\ jzpfysufrIudk ½Ijrifaom ynmtvif;)
5/ b*FÓPf (½kyfemrfwdkY\ tysufudkom ½Iaom ynmtvif;)
6/ b,ÓPf (½kyfemrfudk aMumufzG,f ½Ijrifaom ynmtvif;)
7/ tm'de0ÓPf (½kyfemrfwdkY\ tjypfudk ½Ijrifwwfaom ynmtvif;)
8/ edAÁd'gÓPf (½kyfemrfwdkYudk NiD;aiGYaom ynmtvif;)
9/ rkpödwkurswmÓPf (½kyfemrfysufpD;rIwkdYrS vGwfajrmufvkdaom ½IjrifrI ynmtvif;)
10/ y#docFgÓPf (wzefvGwfvdkaom ½IjrifrI ynm tvif;)
11/ ocFg½layu©mÓPf (jzpfysufrIwdkYudk vspfvsLjyK ½Ijrifaom ynmtvif;)
12/ tEkavmrÓPf (atmufuodNyD;aom ynmtvif;ESifh txufqufod&ef ynmtvif;wdkYudk
avsmfpGm ½Ijrifaom ynm tvif;)
13/ a*gMwblÓPf (udavom ayusHrI tquftEG,fjywfí avmurS vGwfajrmuf&ef Nidrf;csrf;aom

ynm tvif;)
14/ aomwmywådr*fÓPf (opömav;yg;udk ,HkrSm;uif;pGm tptqHk;odaom ynmtvif;)
15/ aomwmywådzdkvfÓPf (þtxufyg r*fÓPf\ tusdK;)
16/ ou'g*grdr*fÓPf (avmb? a'goESifh awGa0rIwkdYudk xyfíxyfíy,faom ynmtvif;)
17/ ou'g*grdzdkvfÓPf (þtxufyg r*fÓPf\ tusdK;)
18/ tem*grd r*fÓPf (umr? &m*ESifh pdk;&drfpdwfwkdYudk ukefpifatmify,faom ynmtvif;)
19/ tem*grd zdkvfÓPf (þtxufyg r*fÓPf\ tusdK;)
20/ t&[wå r*fÓPf (udk,fwGif;&efol [lorQwdkYudk t<uif;rJhy,faom ynmtvif;)
21/ t&[wå zdkvfÓPf (þtxufyg r*fÓPf\ tusdK;)
22/ ypöa0u©eÓPf (tzefzefqifjcifwkdif; jrifaomÓPf)
'DÓPf(22)yg;udk & &r,f/ Ak'ëJY olY&[EåmawG[m 'DÓPf(22)yg;udk &&Sdxm;wJhtwGuf edAÁmefqdkwm odjrif

em;vnfawmfrlMujcif;jzpfw,f/
0pfvqif/ edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;udk q&mawmfa[majymawmfrlwJhtwdkif; rnfonfhyHkoP²mef? ta&mif
tqif; &Sdw,fqdkwmudk a[majymzdkY cJ,Of;w,fqdkwJhtcsufudk vufcHygw,f/ 'gayr,fh edAÁmefudk rodEdkif
rjrifEdkifMuwJh vlom;wdkYudk edAÁmefudk vdkcsifvmatmif edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;rSm b,fvdk *kPfowådeJY t&nftcsif;
&Sdw,fqdkwmudkawmh Ak'ëJYolY&[EåmawG[m a[majymvdkY rjzpfEdkifaybl;vm; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;udk rodEdkif rjrifEdkifMuwJh vlom;awGtm; edAÁmef[m b,fvdkyHkoP²mef?
ta&miftqif; &Sdw,fqdkwmudk b,fvdkyJ a[majymaomfvnf; 'DÓPfynmawGudkrS &rxm;vdkY&Sd&if rodEdkif
rjrifEdkifMubl;/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvlom;awG odjrifem;vnfEdkifavmufwJh edAÁmef&Jh *kPfowådawGudkawmh Ak'¨
udk,fawmfwkdifu a[mawmfrlcJhygw,f/ tJ'D *kPfowådawGuawmh -
1/ edAÁmeH tocFwH (edAÁmef[m a&? ajr? av? rD; qdkwJh r[mbkwf"mwfBuD;av;yg;wkdY aygif;pyfzJGYpnf;
wnfaqmufxm;wJh w&m;r[kwfwJhtwGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrS uif;pifjcif;)
2/ edAÁmeH edpöH (edAÁmef[m wnfNrJrI&Sdjcif;)
3/ edAÁmeH y&rokcH (edAÁmef[m wPSm? Oyg'gef pwJh w&m;awGudk jzpfyGm;apwJh a0'emw&m;awGrS
uif;pifwJh taumif;qHk;aom csrf;omokceJY jynfhpHkjcif;)
4/ edAÁmeH "l0H (edAÁmef[m zefqif;xm;wJhw&m; r[kwfbJ tNrJ&SdwJh w&m;jzpfjcif;)
5/ edAÁmeH 0drkwåd&óm (edAÁmef[m vGwfajrmufwJht&omeJY vHk;0jynfhpHkjcif;)
6/ edAÁmeH okbH (edAÁmef[m tvGefwifhw,fjcif;w&m;eJY jynfhpHkjcif;)
7/ edAÁmeH 0da&m"dorÜwåH (edAÁmef[m 1500 udavomw&m;awG? ½kyf? emrf? cE¨mw&m;wdkYrS
ay:aygufvmwJh a0'emw&m;awG? 'ku©awGtm;vHk; uif;vGwfjcif;) qkdwJh (7)yg;aom w&m;awGyJ jzpfw,f/
0pfvqif/ Ak'ëJY &[Eåmudk,fawmfjrwfrsm;udk,fwdkif odjrifem;vnfxm;wJh edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;udk olwdkY
udk,fwdkif wdwdusus a[majymawmfrlMuygvsufeJY omrefvlom;rsm;u 'DedAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;udk em;rvnfEkdif
Mubl; qkdwJh tcsufudkawmh wynfhawmfwdkYtaeeJY oabmraygufEdkifbJ jzpfaeMuygw,f q&mawmf/

'gaMumifh 'DjyóemeJY ywfoufvdkY wynfhawmfwdkY em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;atmif &Sif;vif;jyawmfrlygOD;
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;eJY ywfoufvdkY Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmifrS omrefvlom;wdkY&Jh ÓPf
rsufpdeJY b,fenf;eJYrS rodEdkif? em;rvnfEdkifbl;qdkwJhtcsufudk &Sif;vif;oGm;atmif 'umBuD;udk Oyrmwck
xyfNyD; jy&vdrfhOD;r,f/
(xdkaemuf q&mawmfu ygarmu© 0pfvqiftm; atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;ygonf/)
q&mawmf/ tu,fí arG;uwnf;u rsufpdrjrifwJh vlwa,mufudk 'Dy&dówfxJac:vmNyD;

'umBuD;u tJ'D rsufpdrjrifwJhvludk ae&Jh tvif;a&mif[m b,fvkdyHkoP²mef&Sdw,f? b,fvdk ta&miftqif;
&Sdw,f qkdwm udk tJ'Dvl odjrifem;vnfvmatmif &Sif;jyEdkifyghrvm;/
0pfvqif/ 'Dvl[m arG;uwnf;u rsufpduG,faewJholqdkawmh aea&mifjcnf[m b,fvdkta&mif?
b,fvdkyHkoP²mef&Sdw,fqdkwmudk olodjrifem;vnfEdkifatmif &Sif;jyEdkifr,f r[kwfygbl;/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkdawmh
'D arG;uwnf;u rsufpduG,fvmwJh vl[m wynfhawmfudk aea&mifjcnf[m wdkovm;? &Snfovm;?
El;nHhovm;? Murf;ovm;? xlovm;? yg;ovm;? vHk;ovm;? jym;ovm;? jrifhovm;? edrfhovm;?
ajzmifhovm;? aumuf ovm;? vufeJYprf;vdkY xdvdkY&ovm;? r&bl;vm; pwJh ar;cGef;awGudk ar;NyD;
wynfhawmfu b,fvdkyJajzajz ol[m em;vnf oabmaygufrSm r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/ aemufqHk;
olar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk rajzEdkifawmh wynfhawmf[m vufavQmhvdkuf&½HkyJ &SdawmhrSmyg q&mawmf/ 'D
rsufpdrjrifwJhvludk ae&Jhta&mif[m b,fvdk oabm&Sdw,fqkdwmukd odjrifem;vnfEkdifatmif
tvGefuRrf;usif em;vnfwJh orm;awmfeJY rsufpdudk jrifvmatmif ukoay;ygrSjzpfrSmyg q&mawmf/
tck q&mawmfar;wJhar;cGef;udk ajz&Sif;&if;eJY aea&mifjcnf&Jhobm0eJYywfoufvdkY arG;uwnf;u
rsufpduG,f vmwJh vludk b,fvdkyJ&Sif;jyjy odjrifem;vnfrvmEdkifovkdbJ edAÁmef&Jhoabm obm0udk Ak'¨&Jh
&[EåmawG udk,fwdkifu b,favmufyJa[ma[m omrefvlom;awG[m em;vnfzdkY? oabmaygufzdkY
rjzpfEdkifbl; qdkwJh tcsufudk wynfhawmf &Sif;vif;oabmaygufygNyD q&mawmf/
wynfhawmf ArmjynfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aecJhpOftcgu 'D edAÁmefeJYywfoufwJhjyóemudk q&mawmfBuD;awG?
ynm&Sdyk*¾dKvfBuD;awGudk avQmufxm;cJhzl;ygw,f/ olwdkYu 'Djyóemudk &[Eåmyk*¾dKvfrsm;om &Sif;vif;
a[majym Edkifw,f/ edAÁmeftaMumif;udk odcsif&if rdrdudk,fwdkif r*¾if&Spfyg;udk usifh&r,fvdkY ajymMuygw,f
q&mawmf/ q&mawmfu arG;uwnf;u rsufaphuG,fvmwJhvl&Jh OyrmeJY&Sif;NyD; a[majymawmfrlvdkufrSyJ
wynfhawmf[m edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;&Jhoabmudk em;vnfoabmaygufvmu wynfhawmf&JhpdwfxJrSm
umv&Snfvsm;pGm ½IyfaxG; aewJh jyóem[m &Sif;vif;oGm;ygawmhw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ ckeu OD;yÍÆif;a[mcJhovdk arG;uwnf;u rsufaphrjrifwJhvludk aea&mif[m b,fvdk
ta&mif tqif;&Sdw,f? b,fvdk yHkoP²mef&Sdw,f? b,fvkdowåd&Sdw,f qdkwmudk b,favmufyif
&Sif;jy&Sif;jy pu©KESpfuGif; tvif;r&ojzifh aea&mif&Jhoabmudk b,fenf;eJYrS em;vnfoabmaygufrSm
r[kwfovkd Ak'ËSifh &[Eåmt&SifjrwfwdkYom odjrifem;vnfEdkifwJh edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;&Jh oabmESifh
tESpfom&udkvnf; t&[wår*f t&[wåzdkvfÓPfudk r&rcsif; rodEdkif? oabmraygufEdkifbl; qkdwmudk
tm;vHk; em;vnf oabmaygufMu apcsifw,f/ 'Dw&m;udk em;vnfoabmaygufvdkwJh tMuifol wOD;
wa,muf[m t0dZÆmtarSmifxkudk jrLrQ rusefatmif z,f&Sm;ypf&vdrfhr,f/ 'D t0dZÆmw&m;udk y,f&Sm; ypfzdkY
&ef vnf; r*¾if&Spfyg;w&m;udk wu,fwrf; rqkwfrepf tm;xkwf&ygvdrfhr,f/
(þae&mwGif y&dówfxJrS 'umBuD;wa,mufu rwfwwf&yfvsuf)
q&mawmfbk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkY tdE´d,jynfeJY ArmjynfrSm&SdMuwJh tar&duef omoemjyKawGu edAÁmefqdkwm

bmrQr[kwfbJ tm;vHk;zsufqD;ypfwJhw&m;vdkY a[majymaeMuavawmh 'DuaeY q&mawmf a[mawmfrlvdkufrS
yJ wynfhawmfwdkY[m edAÁmefqdkwJhw&m;[m olwdkYajymovdk tm;vHk;udk zsufqD;ypfwJhw&m;r[kwfbJ
wu,fhudk csrf;omokc tjynfht0&SdwJhw&m;rSef; em;vnfoabmaygufMu&ygw,f q&mawmf/
þwGif y&dówftm;vHk;u om"ktEkarm'em jyKMuavukefonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (10)
Ak'üdk,fwdkifu tjcm;olrsm;uJhodkY ZeD;ESifhom; &Sdygvsuf avmb? a'go? wPSm? rme? t0dZÆm ponfh
w&m;wdkYrS uif;pifEdkifygrnfvm; q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - c&pf,mefbkef;BuD; a*s? 0pf(vf)qif? trfat (atmufpzdkYwuúodkvf)?
c&pf,mef bmom yg&*l? bHkbkdifNrdKU? tufvDzifpwHk;aumvdyf? t*Fvdyfbmomygarmu©? ajzqdkol -
q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ Ak'¨rSm ZeD;vnf;&Sdw,f/ om;vnf;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh Ak'¨[m omrefvlom;

wa,mufomjzpfNyD; bk&m;qdkwJhbJGYxl;eJY rnfonfhenf;eJYrQ rxdkufwefbl; qdkwJhpum;[m Ak'¨&Jh odyÜH
enf;uswJh tbd"r®mw&m;awGudk rodem;rvnfMuwJh c&pf,mefbkef;BuD;rsm;u Ak'¨bmomudk rESpfNrdKUwJh
oabmeJY a[majym 0g'jzefYaeMuwJhpum;omvQif jzpfygw,f/
tvGefjrifhjrwfwJh? NydKifzufr&SdwJh? tvGefpifMu,fjrifhjrwfwJh? oAÁnKwa&TÓPfawmf&SifAk'ëJY Ak'¨tjzpfudk
a&mufatmif usifhaepOftcgu Ak'¨tavmif;tvsmeJY tvGefuGmjcm;vsuf&Sdw,fqdkwJh tcsufukd olwdkY[m
vHk;0 rodem;rvnfMubl;/
ZeD; ,aomf"&mrif;orD;eJY om;awmf &m[kvmwdkYeJY eef;roHk;aqmifrSm aysmfpHaecJhwJh a*gwrrif;om;?
wenf;tm;jzifh od'¨w¬rif;om;[m Ak'¨&Jhtavmif;tvsm? Ak'¨jzpfzdkY&efBudK;pm;aewJh tMuifvlom;wa,mufyJ
jzpfcJhw,f/ ol[m or®morÁK'¨tjzpfa&mufatmifavhusifh,l&r,fhrif;om;wyg;yJjzpfw,f/ Ak'üdk,fawmfwdkif
r[kwfao;bl;/
Ak'¨qdkwm bmvJvdkY qkdwmudk uGufuGufuGif;uGif; xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jrifvmatmif OD;yÍÆif;u atmufyg
tcsuf tvufudk &Sif;jyzdkY vdkvdrfhr,f/
Ak'¨tjzpfudk vdkvm;awmifhwNyD;usifhoHk;wJhvludk Ak'¨tavmif;tvsmvdkYac:w,f/ 'D Ak'¨tavmif;tvsm[m -
1/ rdrd&Jh pnf;pdrfOpömudk rajymeJY? toufudkyif vmNyD;tvSLcHr,fhvl&Sd&if ay;urf;pGefYBuJr,fqkdwJh 'ge
yg&rD?
2/ toufyif taocHNyD; apmifhxdef;tyfwJh oDvudk apmifhxdef;ygr,f qdkwJh oDvyg&rD?
3/ pnf;pdrfOpöm[lorQwGif omrefvlom;wdkY twyfrufqHk;jzpfwJh xD;eef;pnf;pdrfudkyif pGefYy,fí
awmxGufjcif;? wenf;tm;jzifh þpnf;pdrfOpöm&wem qdkwJh w&m;pkwdkYrS vGwfajrmufatmif
½kef;xGuf wJh edu©ryg&rD?
4/ toufpnf;pdrfcsrf;omudkyif yrmPrjyKbJ trSefw&m;udkom udk,fpm;jyKwJh opömyg&rD?
5/ &Sd&SdorQaomw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSef&mtwdkif; cJGjcm;pdwfjzmNyD;odEdkifwJh todÓPfudk qnf;yl; wnf
aqmufwJh ynmyg&rD?
6/ touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrf[lorQudk yrmPrxm;bJ ork'´&myifv,fBuD;udkyif vufypful;í pGefYpm;0Hh
aom rqkwfrepfonfh ZJGvHkYvxkwfrI 0D&d,yg&rD?
7/ rdrd&Jh om;orD; ZeD;udkomru rdrd&Jhtoufudkyif vkyfBuHowfjzwfrnfhol jzpfyap? rnfuJhodkYrQ
rwkHYjyefbJ onf;cHwJhtusifhudk wnfaqmufwJh cEåDyg&rD?
8/ &Sd&SdorQaom owå0gwkdYudk rdrd\&ifaoG;&ifESpf om;orD;tppfwdkYuJhodkY cspfcifMuifemjcif; pdwf"mwf

udk wnfaqmufonfh arwåmyg&rD?
9/ rdrdjyKtHh[k &nfrSef;xm;wJh jrifhjrwfwJhta&;udpöt00udk aqmif&Guf&mwGif rnfonfh ab; tEå&m,f
ESifh &ifqdkif&apumrl rqkwfrepfvkyfudkifwJh tavhtusifhudk wnfaqmufwJh t"d|meyg&rD?
10/ rnfolYudkrQ cspfvnf;rcspf? rkef;vnf;rrkef;wJh vGefuJwJhpdwf"mwfrsdK;udk rarG;jrLwwfwJh Oayu©m
yg&rD/
tJ'D yg&rD(10)yg;udk jznfhqnf;cJhNyD; jynfhpHkwJhtcsdefa&mufrS? aemufqHk;Ak'¨tjzpfokdY a&mufr,fhb0usawmhrS
tvGefjrifhjrwfNyD; tusifhodu©meJY jynfhpHkvSwJhrdcif&Jh0rf;MumwdkuftwGif;rSm y#doaEäecJhw,f/ 'g[m Ak'¨
tavmif;tvsmwdkY&Jh usifhxHk;yJ/
'DusifhxHk;twdkif;yJ Ak'¨tavmif;awmf a*gwrrif;om;[m r,fawmfrm,m&Jh 0rf;xJrSm y#doaE¨wnfNyD;
arG;zGm; awmfrlcJhw,f/ tJ'Daemuf tcsdefwef t&G,fa&mufvmawmh ,aomf"&mrif;orD;eJY pkvsm;&pfywf
vufxyf xdrf;jrm;NyD; om;awmf&m[kvm zGm;jrifjyefw,f/ tJ'Dtcgu a*gwrrif;om;[m Ak'¨tjzpfudk
ra&mufao;bl;/ Ak'¨&Jh tavmif;tvsmrQom jzpfw,f/ tJ'DaemufrSm xD;eef;pnf;pdrfeJYwuG avmuDpnf;pdrf
t00udk pGefYy,fNyD; awmxGufawmfrlw,f/ awmxJrSm (6)ESpfwdkifwdkif omrefvlom;wdkY pdwful;xJrSmyif
rxnfh0Hhavmufatmif tvGefjyif;jyif;xefxef usifhawmfrlw,f/
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q&mawmf/
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ar;cGef;trSwf (11)
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(6) taMumif;jzpfíaus;Zl;jyKwwfaom a[wkypönf;? tm½Hkjzpfí aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom t&r®Pypönf;?

tBuD;tuJjzpfí tkyfpdk;jcif;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom t"dywdypönf;? a&S;a&S;aompdwf (89)
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(8) or®yÜ'gefw&m; (4)yg;?
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txufuazmfjycJhwJh tbd"r®mw&m;awmfudk ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrl½HkrQrubJ ÓPfawmf (10)yg;?
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vuf0g;xJrSm wifMunfhvdkufovdk jyufjyufxifxif jrifawmfrlNyD; b,f[m rSm;w,f? b,f[mrSefw,f
qdkwmudk csufjcif; ydkif;jcm;a0zef qef;ppfypfEdkifawmfrlw,f/ 'gaMumifhvJ olYacwftwGif;rSm acwfpm;aewJh?
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Ak'¨[m omrefvlom;awGvdk uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufwm r[kwfbl;/ b,fawmhrS rtkdwJh? remwJh? raowJh? tkd?
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oabmaygufvSygNyD bk&m;/

ar;cGef;trSwf (12)
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atmufygar;cGef;awGudk ar;&vdrfhr,f/
(xdkuJhokdY ajymqdkNyD;aemuf)
q&mawmf/ y@dwfBuD;[m bHkbdkifNrdKUrSm&SdwJh jA[®PawGxJrS ynm&SdyJ r[kwfvm;/
y@dwfBuD;/ wynfhawmf[m jA[®PawGxJu ynm&Sdwa,mufjzpf½Hkruygbl;? [dE´Lt,l0g'eJYqkdif&mrSm
vnf; uRrf;usifwwfajrmufNyD; [dE´LawG&Jh bkef;awmfBuD;wyg;vnf; jzpfygw,f/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh&if y@dwfBuD;[m [dE´Lusrf;*efawGteuf b,fusrf;*efudk ydkNyD; wwfuRrf;
em;vnfyg ovJ/
y@dwfBuD;/ wynfhawmf[m a0'usrf;? jA[®m? AdóEdk;? oQD0 pwJh bk&m;oHk;qleJY ywfoufwJhusrf;?

eu©wfusrf;? aA'ifusrf;? yl&Pfusrf;? a0'Eåusrf; pwJh usrf;awGtm;vHk;udk uRrf;usifvdr®mygw,f
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ Ak'¨[m [dE´Lt,l0g'eJY tESpfom&awGudkuRrf;usifNyD; [dE´La0'usrf;*efxJrS wdrfjrKyfaewJh
w&m;awGudk azmfxkwfaew,fqdkwJhtaMumif;udk &pf(*)a0'usrf;xJrSm awGYzl;ovm; y@dwfBuD;/
y@dwfBuD;/ rawGYzl;ygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ twåm&0 a0'usrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ Z,a0'usrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ omra0'usrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ yÍöa0'usrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ ck'´*Dwusrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ b*0g*Dw xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ r[mbm&wusrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ &mrm,meusrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ OyedoQusrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ yl&Pfusrf;xJrSmaum y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh&if &Sefu&usmv,qkdwJh [dE´Lq&mBuD; jyKpkcJhwJh a0'Eåusrf;awGxJrSm y@dwfBuD;
awGY &wm r[kwfvm;/
y@dwfBuD;/ 'Dtwkdif; rSefygw,fq&mawmf/ q&mawmfar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk axmuf½IMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh
q&mawmf[m [dE´Lusrf;*efawGudk tawmfyJ ESHYESHYpyfpyf zwf½Iavhvmxm;aMumif; xif&Sm;ygw,f/
q&mawmf/ y@dwfBuD;wkdY&Jh q&mBuD; &Sefu&usmv, [m b,frSm zGm;jrifygovJ/
y@dwfBuD;/ tdE´d,jynfawmifydkif; x&pfAef'&efNrdKUrSm zGm;jrifygw,f q&mawmf/

q&mawmf/ ol[m b,folY&Jhom;vJ y@dwfBuD;/
y@dwfBuD;/ rSwfwrf;rsm;t&ajym&vQif ol[m *kPfoa&&Sd jA[®PtEG,f0if trsdK;orD;wa,muf&Jhom;
jzpfygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tJ'D jA[®PtEG,f0if [dE´LtrsdK;orD;BuD;[m &Sefu&usmv,udk rarG;zGm;rD ESpfaygif;
tawmfMum rkqdk;rBuD; jzpfcJhw,fr[kwfvm; y@dwfBuD;/
y@dwfBuD;/ rSwfwrf;xJrSmawmh 'Dtwdkif;yJ ygygw,f/
q&mawmf/ y@dwfBuD;wkdY&JhrSwfwrf;xJrSm &Sefu&usmv,[m ajrmufydkif;tdE´d,udkroGm;rD x&pf
Aef'&rf NrdKUrSm Ak'¨bmom&[ef;awmftjzpfeJY (3)ESpfwdwd aexdkifoGm;ao;w,f r[kwfvm;/
y@dwfBuD;/ q&mawmfbk&m;? 'D[mawGar;aevdkYtusdK;r&Sdygbl;bk&m;/ 'Dudpöudk 'Dae&mrSmyJ&yfygawmh/
Ak'¨&Jhw&m;awmfawG[m urÇmhb,fbmomt,l0g'rS w&m;awGeJYrQ a&mpyfjcif;r&Sdbl;qdkwm q&mawmf ajym
a[mxm;wJh tcsufawGeJYyJ ckdifvHkvSygNyD/
þwGif w&m;yJGobmywdyk*¾dKvfonf xkdif&mrSxí y@dwf½lumv*sDtm; ...
]]uREfkyf[m y@dwfBuD;tm; tmrcHcsuf oHk;csufeJY oifar;vdkwJhar;cGef;udk q&mawmftm; ar;cGifhjyKw,f/
'gaMumifh 'DtmrcHcsuf oHk;csufteuf wcsufcsuf oifazmufzsuf&if a[m'D q&mawmf&Jhw&m;yJGudk
vma&muf zsufwJhtaeeJY w&m;pJG&vdrfhr,f/ y@dwfBuD;u q&mawmfar;wJhar;cGef;udk [dE´Lusrf;pmrsm;t&
rajzqdkbJ w&m;yJGrSxGufoGm;r,fqkd&if y@dwfBuD;[m ay;xm;wJhtmrcHcsufawGudk csdK;zsufwJhtaeeJY w&m;
pJGqdkzdkYyJ &Sdygawmhw,f}} [k ajymav\/
xdktcg y@dwf½lumv*sDu ...
]]obmywdvlBuD;rif;? uREfkyfay;xm;wJh tmrcHcsufawGudk uREkfyf ,ckvdk trSwfrxif csdK;zsufrdwJhtwGuf
0rf;enf;ygw,f/ uREkfyf[m q&mawmfar;wJh ar;cGef;rsm;udk ususee ajzqdkygawmhr,f/ q&mawmfuom
qufvufNyD; ar;vdk&m ar;ygawmh}} [k jyefajzav\/
þwGif q&mawmfu qufvufí ...
]]y@dwfBuD;? OD;yÍÆif;aemufqHk;ar;wJh ar;cGef;udkom jyefNyD; ajzyg}}
y@dwfBuD;/ rSwfwrf;t&qkd&if &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m Ak'¨bmom&[ef;awmftjzpfeJY (3)ESpfaexdkifcJhzl;
ygw,f/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh&if &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m bmjyKvdkYAk'ömoemhabmifrSxGufNyD; tdE´d,jynf ajrmuf
ydkif; wuúodkvfjynfudk oGm;&wmvJ/
y@dwfBuD;/ ol[m Ak'ömoemhabmiftwGif;rSm BuD;av;wJhtjypfwckckudk usL;vGefrdvdkY omoemh
abmif rS ESiftxkwfcH&wmeJY wlygw,fq&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 6v 7v ausmfausmf ajcvsifc&D;jyif;ESifNyD; bm&nf&G,fcsufeJY tdE´d,jynf ajrmufydkif;udk
oGm;&w,fvdkY ,lqovJ y@dwfBuD;/
y@dwfBuD;/ 'Dvdk ajrmufydkif;tdE´d,udk 'ku©qif;&JcHNyD; oGm;wmuawmh oeEåew&m;awmfudk a[mzkdY
jzpfygw,f/
q&mawmf/ 'DoeEåew&m;udk b,folYqDu olavhvmoifMum;oGm;wmvJ y@dwfBuD;

y@dwfBuD;/ &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m 'D oeEåew&m;udk &S&Dukrm&vdvmbwå qDrSm avhvmoifMum;
ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ ukrm&vdvmbwå[m wuúodkvfjynf Ak'¨wuúodkvfausmif;awmfBuD;rS q&mawmfa[mif;
r[kwfzl;vm;/
y@dwfBuD;/ q&mawmftrdefY&SdwJhtwkdif;yJ [kwf[efwlygw,f bk&m;/
q&mawmf/ &S&Dukrm&vdvmbwåa&m? &S&D&Sefu&usmv,a&m ESpfOD;pvHk;[m Ak'ömoemhabmifu ESif
xkwfcHMu&awmh Ak'¨bmom&Jh wu,fh&efolBuD;awG jzpfoGm;Muw,f r[kwfvm;/
y@dwfBuD;/ 'Dvdkvnf; jzpfEdkifygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m a0'Eåomoemudk xlaxmifzkdY&m b,folYqDu tcsuftvufawGudk
&ovJ y@dwfBuD;
y@dwfBuD;/ &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m a0'Eåomoemudk xlaxmifzkdY&m tcsuftvufawGudk &S&Dukrm&
vdvmbwåqDu &wmyJ jzpf&rSmyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tJ'D tcsuftvufawG[m bmawGvJ/
y@dwfBuD;/ wynfhawmf rodygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ y@dwf½lumv*sD? 'Dukrm&vdvmbwåqDu &S&D&Sefu&usmv, &wJhtcsufawG[m wjcm;
r[kwf/ Ak'üdk,fawmfwkdif a[mawmfrlcJhwJh rZÑdredum,fxJrS w&m;awGjzpfw,f/ rZÑdredum,feJY wax&m
wnf;yJ jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh Ak'¨[m [dE´L0g'xJu taumif;qHk; tqDtESpfawGudk Ak'ü wwfuRrf;wm
r[kwfbl;qkdwm xif&Sm;aeNyD/ Ak'¨ a[mawmfrlxm;wJh w&m;awGudk [dE´Lt,l0g'u NrdKxm;wmom
jzpfw,f/ 'D Ak'¨ a[mawmfrlxm;wJh w&m;awGudkom ukrm&vdvmbwåu &Sefu&usmv,udk ,lay;wmyJ
jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh [dE´Lbmom0ifawGu &Sefu&usmv,udk a0a&m"eAk'¨ (½kyfzsufxm;wJhAk'¨) vdkY
ac:Muwmaygh/
Ak'¨bmom0ifawGu oydwfarSmufypfvdkufvdkY tdE´d,jynfawmifydkif; x&pfAef'&rfNrdKUu xGufcGmoGm;NyD;wJh
aemuf &Sefu&usmv,[m Ak'¨&Jh t,l0g'udk zsufqD;zdkY? rsdK;rjyKwf jyKwfatmifjzKwfypfzdkY opöm
"d|mefjyKvdkufyg w,f/ tJ'Daemuf tepöubk&if&Jh rdzk&m;udkolYbufygvmatmif qJGaqmifum tepöu
bk&ifudk tqdyfauR;NyD; towfcdkif;w,f/ tepöubk&ifudk 'DvdkvkyfBuHNyD;wJhaemuf rdzk&m;BuD;eJY jA[®P
vlrsdK;rSL;rwfawG&Jh tultnDeJY rdzk&m;BuD;&Jh *k½kvnf; jzpfvmw,f/ [dE´Lt,l0g'eJYqkdif&mrSmvnf;
tBuD;tuJ jzpfvmw,f/ orkdif;t& ajym&&if &Sefu&usmv,[m rdzk&m;BuD;qDu Ak'¨bmom
&[ef;awmfawGeJY Ak'¨bmom Oyoum? OyouDawG udkyg owfjzwfuGyfrsufypf&r,fqdkwJh trdefYawmfudk
&atmif,lNyD; tJ'Dvdk trdefYxkwfNyD;wJhaemuf tESpf 20 ausmfausmf ESpfq,fhig;ESpfavmufMumwJhtcg
Ak'¨bmom &[ef;awmf2oef;eJY Ak'¨bmom0ifawGudk &uf&uf pufpuf owfjzwfypfvdkufwJhtwGuf
aemufqHk; Ak'¨&Jh t,l0g'[m tdE´d,jynfrSm aysmufuG,foGm;&owJh/
Ak'¨[m [dE´L0g'&Jh tqDtESpfawGudk aumif;pGmwwfuRrf;w,fqkdwJhpum;[m r[kwfrSefwJhtjyif Ak'¨&Jh
t,l0g' xJrS w&m;a'oemwdkYudkom tvGefyg;eyfusifvnfvSwJh &Sefu&usmv,u [dE´LbmomxJudk
qJGoGif;cJhwm awGudk ,ckvdk om"utudk;tum;awGeJY txift&Sm;jyNyD;wJhaemuf Ak'¨&Jh t,l0g'eJY
[dE´Lt,l0g'wkdY[m ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; qefYusifwJhtaMumif; atmufygtcsuf (25)csufudk rlwnfNyD;
&Sif;vif;azmfjyygOD;r,f/
Ak'¨0g' [dE´Lt,l0g'
1/ t0dZÆm[lorQudk vHk;0 y,fzsufawmfrlNyD;jzpfwJh 1/ y&rwår0dnmOfawmf?

Ak'üdk,fawmf?
2/ tewå? 2/ twå? odkYr[kwf 0dnmOf?
3/ opömav;yg; w&m;awmf? 3/ opömw&m; r&Sd?
4/ r*¾if &Spfyg;? 4/ r*¾ifw&m; r&Sd?
5/ tbd"r®m w&m;awmf? 5/ tbd"r®mw&m; r&Sd?
6/ y#doaE¨ wzefjyefae&jcif;? 6/ 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;?
7/ bk&m;udk,fpm;vS,fawmf r&Sd? 7/ bk&m;udk,fpm;vS,fawmf &Sd?
8/ pwkorkXme ½kyfoabmt& jzpfjcif;? 8/ zefqif;&Sif (£ó&d,edr®me) udk,fawmfu

zefqif;jcif;?
9/ edAÁmefw&m;? 9/ rkwådw&m;?
10/ udk,fhudk,fudk n§Of;yef;rI r&Sdjcif;? 10/ udk,fhudk,fudk n§Of;yef;rI &Sdjcif;?
11/ ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm; ajymif;vJ 11/ ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJrI

rIrsm; ESifh &Sif;vif;rI r&Sdjcif;?
12/ t&rf;tuef;,HkMunfrI? t,lonf;rIwdkYrS 12/ t&rf;tuef;,HkMunfrI? t,lonf;rIwdkYjzifh

uif;pifjcif; jyGrf;wD;aejcif;?
13/ *gxmrEå,m;rsm; r&Sdjcif;? 13/ *gxmrEå,m;rsm; &Sdaejcif;?
14/ todÓPfynm (0dZÆm)w&m;ay:wGif tajcwnf 14/ t&rf; tuef; ,HkMunf udk;uG,frI?

tyfonfh ,HkMunfrI?
15/ y#dpöorkyÜm' w&m;awmf&Sdjcif;? 15/ y#dpöorkyÜm' w&m;awmfr&Sdjcif;?
16/ vufawGY0dyóem w&m;&Sdjcif;? 16/ qkawmif;? qk,lrI &Sdjcif;?
17/ orxESifh 0dyóemw&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;? 17/ a,m*Dw&m; tm;xkwfjcif;?
18/ a0zefjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;trIwkdYudk jyKcGifhay; 18/ a0zefjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;wkdYudk jyKvkyfcGifhrjyK?

xm;jcif;?
19/ twif;tMuyfudkifrI? trdefYay;rI rygjcif;? 19/ twif;tMuyfudkifrIESifh trdefYay;rI ygjcif;?

Ak'¨0g' [dE´Lt,l0g'
20/ taMumufw&m;? tajr§mfw&m;wdkYrS uif;pif 20/ taMumufw&m;? tajr§mfw&m;wdkY&Sdjcif;?

jcif;?
21/ (1500) udavomw&m;rS uif;pifjcif;? 21/ rkef;wD;jcif;? wyfrufjcif;? rSm;,Gif;jcif;?

0dZÆmw&m;? udk,fhudk,fudk txifBuD;jcif;? rSm;,Gif;
pGm ,lqjcif; ponfh w&m;rsm;&Sdjcif;?
22/ xHk;wrf;pOfvmESifh orm;½dk;ust,ltqwkdYudk 22/ xHk;wrf;pOfvmESifh orm;½dk;ust,ltqwkdYudk

tav;*½k trIrxm;jcif;? vkdufemjcif;?
23/ ZmwftrsdK; ponfwkdY a&G;cs,frIr&Sdjcif;? 23/ trsdK;Zmwf ponfwdkY&Sdjcif;?
24/ ,mZfylaZmf yojcif;udk wif;wif;MuyfMuyf 24/ vlom;ESifh wd&pämefwdkYudk ,mZfylaZmf yo

wm;jrpfjcif;? &jcif;?
25/ vlewfjA[®m owå0gtm;vHk; avhvmusifhoHk; 25/ [dE´Lusrf;*efrsm;udk jA[®PtEG,f0ifwkdYomvQif

&rnfh w&m;rsm;? avhvmcGifh&Sdjcif;?
uJ txufyg rl(25)csuft& Ak'¨t,l0g'eJY [dE´Lt,l0g'wkdY[m wckeJYwck vHk;0qefYusifvsuf&Sdw,fqdkwm

xif&Sm;oGm;ygNyD/ 'Dtcsuf xif&Sm;oGm;wmeJYwNydKifeuf Ak'¨bmom&Jh &efolawGu Ak'¨[m [dE´Lt,l0g'&Jh
tqD tESpfawGudk aumif;aumif; uRrf;usifwwfajrmufNyD; tJ'D tqDtESpfawGudkom azmfxkwf a[majym
vsuf &Sdw,f qdkwJhtcsuf[m vHk;0tajctjrpf r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk txl;ajymzdkY vdkawmhr,frxifawmhbl;
y@dwfBuD;/
y@dwfBuD;/ Ak'¨t,l0g'eJY [dE´Lt,l0g'wkdY rnfa&GUrnfrQtxd uJGjym;jcm;em;vsuf&Sdw,fqkdwmudk
,ckvdk Mum;em&wm[m yxrqHk;tBudrfyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh q&mawmfa[mwJhtcsufawG[m
tvGefcdkifrmvSwJh twGuf wynfhawmf em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; ,ckvdk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; &Sif;vif; a[majym
awmfrlwJhtwGuf tvGef aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f q&mawmf/
ar;cGef;trSwf (14)
Ak'önf oAÁnKwa&TÓPfawmf&SifjzpfygvsufESifh 0denf;odu©myk'fwkdYudk wBudrfwnf;ESifh tm;vHk;tNyD;
tb,fhaMumifh rynwf rjy|mef;awmf rlygoenf;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - rpöwm bmbmq[pf? zefqDodk;arG;pufydkif&Sif? rmvbmukef;jrifh?
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ tvHk;pHkaomw&m;wdkY&Jh twdwfujzpfpOf? ypöKyÜeftajctae? tem*wf

wGifjzpfrnfh tvm;tvm pwJh tcsuftvufwdkYudk t<uif;rJh odjrifawmfrlwJh twkr&Sda&TÓPfawmfBuD;vSwJh
Ak'üdk,fawmfjrwf[m udk;uka#rQaom0denf;odu©myk'fwdkYudk wcsdefwnf;? wcgwnf;eJY jy|mef;vdkufr,fqdk&if
b,fvdktusdK;w&m;rsdK; ay:xGufvmr,fqdkwmudk aumif;pGmodjrifxm;awmfrlwJh twGuf 'D 0denf;
odu©myk'fBuD;i,fwdkYudk taMumif;rJh rjy|mef; rowfrSwfbJ xm;cJhjcif;jzpfw,f/ tcgtm;avsmfpGm ta&;udpö
ay:aygufvmrSom oufqkdif&m jypfrIudkusL;vGefwJh &[ef;wyg;yg;udka0zefqHk;rNyD; aemufaemif oHCm
wzJGYvHk; tvm;wljypfrIudkrusL;vGefrdatmifom 0denf;odu©myk'fudkowfrSwfjy|mef;awmfrlcJhw,f 'umBuD;/
zefqD/ 0denf;odu©myk'ftm;vHk;udk wcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;owf jy|mef;vdkufwJhtwGuf rvdkvm;tyfwJh?
tusdK;rJhwJh tjzpfrsdK;udk jzpfapvdrfhr,f qdkwJhpum;udk wynfhawmf r&Sif;vif;bJ jzpfaeygw,f q&mawmf/
wynfhawmf em;vnfoabmaygufatmif &Sif;awmfrlygOD;/
q&mawmf/ 'DudpöeJY ywfoufvdkY 'umBuD;udk OD;yÍÆif;jyefNyD;ar;&OD;r,f/ OD;yÍÆif;ar;wJhar;cGef;awGudk
ajzMum;&if;eJYyJ 'umBuD; r&Sif;wJhtcsufawG[m &Sif;vif;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
(þodkYajymNyD;aemuf q&mawmfu)
'umBuD;wdkYrSm bHkbdkifNrdKU puf½Hkydkif&Sifrsm;tzJGY qkdwJh tzJGY&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/
zefqD/ rSefyg q&mawmf/ wynfhawmfwkdYrSm puf½Hkydkif&Sifrsm;tzJGY &Sdygw,f/ wynfhawmf[m 'DtzJGYrSm
tzJGY0if wa,mufjzpfygw,f/
q&mawmf/ ta&;udpöay:aygufvmwJhtcg rMumcPqkdovdk 'umBuD;wdkYtzJGYu pnf;rsOf;Oya'opfawG
udk owfrSwfjy|mef;w,f r[kwfvm;/
zefqD/ rSefyg? ta&;udpöay:wkdif; pnf;rsOf;Oya'opfawGudk owfrSwfjy|mef;&ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;wdkYtzJGYrSm Oya'pnf;urf; (70)ausmf (80)avmuf &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;/
zefqD/ pnf;urf;Oya' (80)avmuf&Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'D (70)ausmf (80) avmuf&SdwJh pnf;urf;Oya'udk 'umBuD;wdkY toif; xlaxmifpuwnf;
u tukefvHk; bmta&; bmudpörQ ray:bJeJY owfrSwfypfvkdufw,fqkd&if 'umBuD;wdkYtoif;rSm
toif;om; OD;a&[m enf;r,fxifovm;? rsm;r,fxifovm;/
zefqD/ pnf;urf;Oya' (80)avmufudk wBudrfwnf; wcgwnf;eJY toif;zJGYzJGYcsif; owfrSwf jy|mef;
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ar;cGef;trSwf (15)
Ak'önf udoa*gwrDtm; ol\ uG,fvGeftedpöa&mufoGm;aom om;i,fESifhywfoufí w&m;a[mawmf rl
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q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh 'umBuD; uav;awGudk vdrfvdrfajymwmayghav/
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ar;cGef;trSwf (16)
Ak'önf tcsdKUtar;ykpämwkdYudk tb,fhaMumifh rajzqdkbdoenf;/
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t&Sift&d,"r®/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ Ak'¨[m olYacwf olYvufxuftwGif; bmomt,l0g'toD;oD;rSm ay:ayguf

aewJh tvGefxif&Sm;wJh tar;ykpäm (14)yk'fudk oAÁnKwa&TÓPfawmf&Sif Ak'ü ajzqdkawmf rrlcJhwmawmh 'D
tar;ykpämawGudk ajzqdkvdkYtusdK;r&Sdbl;/ 'Dtar;ykpämawG&Jh tajzudkodvdkYvnf; jrifhjrwfwJh? t0dZÆmuif;wJh
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oAÁnKwa&TÓPfawmf&Sif Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfu rajzqdkbJ xm;cJhwJh tar;ykpäm (14)ckuawmh ...
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vnf; r[kwfNyDavm/
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wjym;pDavm/
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vsufeJY wrifoufouf Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfudk ½HIUcsvdkwJhoabmeJY ,ckvdkar;jcif;r[kwfyg/ 'gayr,fh
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þwGif y&dówftm;vHk;u om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavukefonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (17)
emrfw&m;wdkY\oufwrf;onf rnfrQ Mum&Snfygoenf;/
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waMumif;? qifjcifoHk;oyfavhvmolawG&Jh ÓPfynmudkvnf; t0dZÆmtarSmifwkdufu zHk;tkyfxm;wmu
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a&mif;/ q&mawmfu ,ckvdk Ak'¨&Jhtbd"r®mudk odyÜHynmESifh axmufcHudk;um;NyD; &Sif;vif;a[majym
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vsifjrefw,f qkdwmudk aumif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f bk&m;/
þwGif y&dówftm;vHk;u om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (18)
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xdktcg y&dówfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (19)
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q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ Ak'¨&Jh0g'[m opömw&m;ay:rSm tajcwnfxm;wJh bmomt,l0g'jzpfwJh

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'Dt,l0g'[m ...
(1) 'ku©opöm? (2) ork',opöm? (3) r*¾opöm? (4) eda&m"opöm qkdwJh opömw&m; (4)yg;ay:rSm tajcwnf
xm;wJh w&m;jzpfw,f/
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xm;jyefw,f/
(1) taMumif;tusdK;oabm?
(2) rlvtaMumif;w&m;eJY xdktaMumif;w&m;udk y,fzsufonfh oabm?
(3) y#dpöorkyÜm'foabm?
(4) tnrnoabm?
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(6) emrfESifh½kyfw&m;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm;rIoabm?
(7) tedpö? 'ku©? tewåoabm?
(8) edpöESifh y&rwfoabm?
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(10) obm0xufvGefuJonfh oabm (jzpfjcif;? ysufjcif;wkdYrS uif;vGwfonfhoabm)?
(11) tusdK;w&m;ESifh cHpm;rIoabm?
(12) okcESifh 'ku©oabm?
(13) aESmifwwf zJGYwwfonfhoabm?
(14) vGwfajrmufjcif;oabm?
(15) vGwfvyfjcif;oabm?
(16) qJGaqmifjcif;oabm?
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tarSmifwdkufu ydwfzHk;xm;awmh 'Dajymif;vJvIyf&Sm;wJh oabmobm0udk rjrifEdkifbJ jzpfaeMu&wmaygh/
odyÜHynmeJY 'D obm0udk prf;oyf pHkprf;zl;wJh vlawGuawmh 'DtcsufudkvufcHMuygvdrfhr,f/
uJ tck pMum0VmBuD;eJY 'DpMum0VmBuD;twGif;rSm &SdorQ ouf&SdoufrJhw&m;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY Ak'¨&Sifawmf
jrwfudk,fwdkif a[mawmfrlcJhwJh tcsuftvufawG? odyÜHynm&Sifrsm; pl;prf;&SmazGvdkY awGY&SdwJhtcsuftvuf
awG? tJ'gawGtm;vHk;udk acwåz,fxm;NyD; OD;yÍÆif;eJYwuG 'g,um? 'g,dumrtm;vHk; atmufygtwkdif;
qifjcif avhvm oHk;oyfMupdkY/
(1) tu,fí zefqif;ol&Sd&if zsufqD;olvnf; &Sd&r,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkd&if zefqif;wm[lorQ[m

ysufpD;&wm csnf;rdkYvdkY Zmwdw&m;&SdaeorQ r&Pw&m; &SdaevdkYyJ/ 'g[m b,fouf&SdoufrJh w&m;urQ
a&SmifuGif;vdkY r&wJh obm0yJ/
(2) tu,fí zefqif;&SifwOD;wa,muf &Sdr,fqkd&if tJ'Dzefqif;&Sif[m wpHkwckudk taMumif;jyKNyD; pwif
jzpfay:&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk wpHkwckudk taMumif;jyKNyD; pwifjzpfyGm;&wJh w&m;[lorQ[m aemufqHk; ysufpD;&
rSmyJ/ 'gvnf; vl? ewf? jA[®m owå0g[lorQ a&SmifuGif;vdkYr&wJh obm0yJ/
(3) tu,fí zefqif;&Sif[m wpHkwckaomtaMumif;w&m;aMumifhjzpfay:&w,fqkd&if pMum0VmBuD; wckvHk;
eJY 'DpMum0VmBuD;twGif;rSm&SdMuwJh ouf&SdoufrJhw&m;pkawGuvnf; 'DtaMumif;w&m;udk tpJGjyKNyD; jzpf&
r,f/ 'DtaMumif;w&m;[my#dpöorkyÜm'fw&m; wenf;tm;jzifh taMumif;tusdK;qufw&m;omvQifjzpfw,f/
(4) 'D taMumif;tusdK;qufw&m;rSm taMumif;w&m; (12)yg; eJY tusdK;w&m; (1)yg; yg0ifvQuf&Sdw,f/
(5) tJ'DtxJrSm t"dutaMumif;u t0dZÆmw&m;yJjzpfw,f/ 'Dt0dZÆmw&m;aMumifh jyKjyifzefwD;wwfwJh uH
w&m; ay:vm&w,f/ 'D jyKjyifzefwD;wwfwJh uHw&m;udk t0dZÆmw&m;u zHk;vTrf;xm;wJh rsufapheJY
Munfhawmh zefqif;&Sif&Jh zefqif;jcif;vdkY xifaeMuw,f/ tJ'D t0dZÆmw&m;udk z,f&Sm;okwfoif
ypfvdkufwmeJY wNydKifeuf 0dZÆmÓPfvdkufNyD; ol? ig qkdwJh owå0gr&SdaMumif;? pMum0VmBuD;&,fvdkY
r&SdaMumif; odjrifNyD; ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m; wdkY&Jh tqufrjywf 'vpyfvIyf&Sm;? jzpfay:? ysufokOf;? ajymif;vJ
aeMuwmawGudkom awGYjrif&vdrfhr,f/ trSeftm;jzifh ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wkdY&Jh wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:?
ysufokOf;? ajymif;vJaejcif;[m jrpfa&tvsOfvdkyJ/ jrpfa&tvsOf[m cPuav;rQ rwnfNrJaomfvnf;
vlawGu 'Djrpfa&[m tpOfxm0& wnfNrJaew,fvdkY txiftjrifvJGaeMuw,f/ jrpfxJu tvsOfrjywf
pD;qif;aewJha&tvsOfudk y,fxkwfvkduf&if bmrQ rusef awmhovdkbJ ol? ig up pMum0VmBuD; wckvHk;
xJu tpOfwpdkuf jzpfvkduf? ysufvdkuf? ajymif;vJvdkufjzpfaeMu wJh ½kyfrIefYawG? ½kyfuvmyfawGudk
y,fxkwfvdkuf&ifvnf; bmrQrusefawmhbl;/
(6) owå0gawGeJY pMum0VmBuD;wckvHk;[m trSefpifppftm;jzifh t0dZÆmw&m;u vSnfhpm;xm;vdkY olyJ? igyJ?
ightdrfyJ? igh,myJ? ighOpömyJ? olYOpömyJvkdY jrifae&wJh w&m;awGyJ jzpfw,f/ wu,fawmh t0dZÆmw&m;[m
bmeJY wlovJ qkd&if y&dówfw&yfvHk;udk vSnfhpm;NyD; r[kwfwmudk t[kwfvkyfNyD; jyaewJh rsufvSnfh
q&mBuD;yJ/ 'gaMumifh 0dyóemÓPfudk tpGrf;ukef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfNyD; ,xmblwÓPfudk &atmif
vkyfzdkYvdkw,f/ 'D,xmblwÓPfudk &vdkufwmeJY wNydKifeuf ol? ig? owå0gupNyD; pMum0VmBuD;ygrusef
bmrQr[kwfyg uvm;vdkY odjrifvmvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk jrifvmwmeJYwNydKifeuf tvHk;pHkaom ½kyfw&m;awG?
emrfw&m;awG&Jh rNrJrIawGudk jrifvmNyD; 'Dw&m;pkawGxJrS vGwfajrmufvmcsifvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk 'Dw&m;awG
xJrS vGwfajrmufatmif wu,fBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfwJhtcgusawmhrS vGwfajrmufa&;w&m;? edAÁmefw&m;udk
&vmr,f/ 'Dw&m;[m vlom;awGudkrajymxm;eJY? ewf? jA[®mawGuawmif rjiif;EkdifwJh obm0 jzpfw,f/
(7) t0dZÆmw&m;udk t&if;cHNyD; olol igig owå0gawG jzpfvm&w,f/ 'Djzpfvm&wJh owå0gawG[mvnf;
tjzpfw&m;&Sdovdk tysufw&m;eJY qHkMu&w,f/ 'ghaMumifh &Sd&SdorQ owå0gawG? ½kyfw&m;awG? emrfw&m;
awGudk y&rwfusus jrifr,f? tJ'Dvdk y&rwfÓPf 0ifvmwmeJYwNydKifeuf t0dZÆmtarSmifxk[m wcgwnf;
uG,faysmufoGm;&r,f/ 'D t0dZÆmw&m;uG,faysmufoGm;wmeJYwNydKifeuf y#doaEäe&jcif;? tkd&jcif;? em&jcif;
qkdwJh w&m;awGrS uif;pifvGwfajrmufoGm;r,f/ wenf;tm;jzifh edAÁmefudk a&mufoGm;r,f/ 'Dobm0[m vl?
ewf? jA[®m[lorQawGxJu b,folrS rjiif;Edkif ry,fEkdifwJh obm0yJ/
Ak'ä[mawmfrlcJhwJhw&m;awGudkvnf; rudk;um;? odyÜHynm&Jh &SmazGazmfxkwfrIudkvnf; tm;rudk;bJ obm0
"r®twGif;u wu,fhjzpfpOfjzpf&yfawGudk wdwdusus? rSefrSefuefuefavhvmNyD; qifjcifoHk;oyfvdkufwmeJY
wNydKifeuf txufu OD;yÍÆif;ajymcJhwJh ow¬Kcscsuf (7)csuf[m xGufay:vmr,f/ 'gayr,fh aemufqHk; 'D

ow¬KcscsufawG[m Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf a[mawmfrlwJh w&m;awGeJY xyfwlxyfrQ wlaewmudk awGYMu&w,f/
wcg 'D ow¬Kcscsuf (7)csuft& Munfhjyefawmh 'DpMum0VmBuD;eJYwuG ol igup owå0g&Sd&SdorQawG[m
uG,faysmufoGm;&wmaygh/ 'Dw&m;awGtm;vHk;[m tNrJwef; jzpfay:ajymif;vJvIyf&Sm;aewJh ½kyfw&m;?
emrfw&m;pkyJ/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dw&m;awGudk zefqif;w,fqdkwJh zefqif;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfvnf;r&Sdawmhbl;/
tJ'Dawmh 0dZÆmynm&yfeJY wxyfwnf;udkufnDaewJh Ak'¨t,l0g'omvQif rSefuefaMumif; xif&Sm;vmr,f/ Ak'¨
uvnf; ololigig owå0gqdkwmr&Sd? ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY&Jh jzpfysufajymif;vJ vIyf&Sm;rIwkdYom&Sdw,fvdkY
a[mawmfrlcJhw,f/ trSeftm;jzifh 'D ½kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;awG[m tqufrjywf jzpfyGm;aeMuvdkY? tjzpf
tysuf tajymif;tvJ tvGefjrefvGef;vdkY? aemufwckuawmh vlawGrSm t0dZÆmtarSmifw&m;u zHk;vTrf;
xm;vdkY 'Dw&m;awGudk vlawG u rjrifEdkif rxifEdkifbJ jzpfaeMu&w,f/ 'Dw&m;awGrS vGwfajrmufatmif
opöm (4)yg;w&m;udk wcgwnf; xifatmif jrifatmif ½IEkdifMuvdrfhr,f/ 'g[mAk'¨&Jh tvdkawmfyJjzpfw,f/
'ghaMumifh urÇmhtjcm;bmomt,l0g' (28)yg;eJY Ak'¨&Jht,l0g'[m rwlbJ uJGjym;jcm;em;aewmyJ jzpfw,f/
'ghaMumifh opöm(4)yg;ay:rSmtajcwnfxm;wJh Ak'¨0g'vdkY OD;yÍÆif; &J&J0Hh0HheJYckdifckdifrmrmajym0Hhw,f/ w&m;ao
0g'? t&rf;tuef;,HkrI? rd½dk;zvmxHk;wrf;pOfvmt& udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIawGom tajcwnfxm;wJh tjcm;
bmomawG[m opömt,l0g'r[kwfbl;vdkY wzufuvnf; OD;yÍÆif;u &J&JBuD; ajymvdkufygw,f/ 'Dy&dówf
xJu b,folrqdk tck OD;yÍÆif;ajymwmudk rauseyf&if a0zefzdkY zdwfMum;ygw,f/
qif;/ q&mawmf ,ck a[majymwJh todÓPfeJYvnf;,SOf? odyÜHynmeJYvnf; udkufnDqDavsmfvSwJh w&m;
aMumifh wynfhawmfwdkYtay:rSm zHk;aewJhtarSmifw&m;[m rD;½I;wefaqmifatmufrSm aysmufuG,foGm;ovdk
jzpfNyD; 'Dowå0gawG? ouf&SdoufrJh ½kyf0w¬KawGeJY ywfoufvdkY tjrifrSefudk&Muygw,fq&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh
q&mawmf&Jhw&m;udk a0zefzdkY&ef rvdkygbl; bk&m;/ q&mawmftm; ,ckvdk a[majym&Sif;jywJhtwGuf aus;Zl;
wifvSygw,f bk&m;/
þwGif w&m;emy&dówfrsm;u om"ktEkarm'em jyKMuavukefonf/

ar;cGef;trSwf (20)
Ak'¨\ bkef;awmf? ÓPfawmfESifh Ak'¨\ "mwfawmf arGawmfwkdYudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;tm;jzifh rnfuJhodkY
aom tusdK;aus;Zl;wdkYudk cHpm;&ygoenf;/
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ teEåÓPfawmf? teEåwefcdk;awmf? teEåbkef;awmf&SifjzpfwJh Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf&Jh

bkef;awmf? ÓPfawmfeJY arGawmf "mwfawmfwkdYudk wu,fwrf; ,Hk,HkMunfMunf apwem o'¨gw&m;
xufxuf oefoefeJY udk;uG,fqnf;uyfMuwJhvlawG[m tusdK;aus;Zl;tm;jzifh ESpfrsdK;cHpm;Mu&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk
cHpm;Mu&wJh aus;Zl;w&m;ESpfrsdK;rSm wrsdK;u ,ckrsufarSmufb0rSmyJ ab;Oyg'ftEå&m,fuif;w,f? vmbf
vmb &Tifw,f? ulnDapr,fhvl aygw,f? vlcspfvlcifrsm;w,f? ewfjA[®mawGuvnf; cspfcifapmifha&Smuf
w,f? Nidrf;csrf;om,mNyD; okccsrf;omeJY ae&wwfw,f? aemufwrsdK;uawmh aemifwrvGefb0rSm vlYbHk?
ewf bHk? jA[®mhbHkrSm usifvnf&NyD; csrf;omokceJY jynfhpHk&wJh tusdK;aus;Zl;yJ/
qif;/ Ak'ükd,fwdkifu y&dedAÁmefjyKxm;awmfrlygvsufeJY 'DvlawG[m q&mawmftrdefY&Sdovdk tusdK;
aus;Zl;awGcHpm;&r,fqdkwmudk wynfhawmf em;rvnfEdkifbJjzpfaeygw,f/ q&mawmf qufNyD;
&Sif;awmfrlygOD;/
q&mawmf/ 'DudpöeJYywfoufvdkY 'umBuD;em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;atmif OD;yÍÆif; ar;r,f/ uJ
'umBuD; u ajzyg/
qif;/ rSefyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ rD;vdkYac:wJh t&m0w¬Krsm; &Sdygovm;/
qif;/ wu,f&Sdygw,f q&mawmf/ rD;r&SdbJeJY wynfhawmfwkdY xrif;[if;wdkYukd csufjyKwfpm;Edkifr,f
r[kwfygbl;/
q&mawmf/ tMuifolwOD;wa,mufu rD;arT;vdkufvdkY&Sd&if rD;u tusdK;cHpm;&ovm;? rD;arT;wJhvlu
tusdK;cHpm; &ovm;/
qif;/ rD;arT;wJhvluom tusdK;trsdK;rsdK;cHpm;&NyD; rD;uawmh tusdK;aus;Zl;rcHpm;&ygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ rD;udk Nidrf;vdkufNyD;aemuf tJ'DrD;[m wcg jyefvmygtHk;rvm; 'umBuD;/
qif;/ wcgNidrf;vdkufvdkY aooGm;wJhrD;[m aemufwcgjyefNyD;awmh &SifrvmEdkifygbl;/ aemufwcg
xyfoHk;zdkY rD;topf wzefarT;&ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ vlawGu rD;udk b,fvdk&atmif vkyfMuovJ/
qif;/ rD;jcpfqHeJY rD;jcpfbl;udk jcpfNyD; rD;&atmif vkyfMuygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ rD;[m rD;jcpfqHxJrSm &Sdovm;? 'grSr[kwf&ifvnf; rD;jcpfxJrSm &Sdovm;/
qif;/ 'D[mESpfckxJrS b,ftxJrSmrS rD;r&Sdygbl;/ olwdkYESpfck jcpfrdrS rD;xGufvmygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ rD;[m b,ft&yf b,fa'ou xGufvmwmvJ 'umBuD;/
qif;/ rD;[m b,ft&yfuvmw,fvdkY ajymvdkYrjzpfEdkifygbl; q&mawmf/ 'gayr,fh ausmufcJESpfckudk

yGwfvdkuf&if? opfom;ajcmufESpfacsmif;udk yGwfvdkuf&ifawmh rD;[m xGufvmwmygyJ q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ rD;awmufjzpfvmwJhtwGuf rD;rSm bmrQtusdK;r&SdovdkbJ y&dedAÁmef jyKawmfrlNyD;jzpfwJh Ak'¨
&SifawmfjrwfrSmvJ olYudk o'¨gw&m;eJY MunfndKwJhvlawG b,fvdkyJ MunfndKMunfndK? b,fvdkyJ ylaZmfylaZmf
bmrQ tusdK;r&Sdygbl;/ rD;arT;wJhvl[m rD;udk trsdK;rsdK; toHk;csNyD; trsdK;rsdK;tusdK;&Sdovdk Ak'üdk MunfndKNyD;
ylaZmf ouúm&jyKwJhvlawGrSmvnf; ,ck ypöKyÜefb0rSmvnf; tusdK;&Sdw,f/ aemifwrvGefb0rSmvnf;
tusdK;cHpm; &w,f/ rD;[m wcgNidrf;vdkufvdkY aysmufuG,foGm;NyD;wJhaemuf aemufxyfwBudrfjyefNyD; rvm
ovdkbJ Ak'¨ [mvnf; y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;aemuf 'DrNrJwJh? 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;jzifh jynhfESufaewJh? tESpfom&r&SdwJh
'DurÇmBuD;qDudk b,fawmhrS jyef<uawmfrl rvmawmhbl;/ rD;[m Nidrf;NyD;wJhaemuf b,fae&m b,fa'orSm
oGm;NyD;aew,f qkdwm wdwdusus r&SdbJ rodbJeJY wkwfESpfacsmif;udk yGwfvdkufwJhtcgrSm rD;yGifhNyD;
awmufvmovdkyJ Ak'¨[m y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;wJhaemuf b,fae&m b,fa'oudk a&mufoGm;w,fqdkwm
rodrjrifEdkifaomfvnf; Ak'üdk wu,fMunfndKwJh o'¨mwJh vlwOD;wa,mufu Ak'ä[mawmfrlcJhwJhw&m;udk
oabmaygufvdkufwmeJY wNydKifeuf Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfudk tJ'Dvl[m zl;jrifvdkuf&wmeJY twlwlyJ/
tJ'Dvl&JhpdwfxJrSm Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwf <uvmawmfrlwmyJ/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkdawmh Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfudk,fwdkifu
y&dedAÁmeokwfxJrSm ]]cspfom; tmeE´m? igbk&m; y&dedAÁmefjyKNyD;aemuf igbk&m;tm; rjrif&bl;?
rzl;&awmhbl;vdkY ratmufarhESifh? igbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJh wJh r*¾if&Spfyg;w&m;awmfudk igbk&m; a[mawmfrl
cJhwJhtwkdif; oabmaygufem;vnfol[m igbk&m;udk zl;jrif& vdrfhr,f}} vdkY a[mcJhvdkYyJ/
'gaMumifh Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwftay:rSm r,drf;r,dkif ckdifNrJvSwJh o'¨mpdwf? ,HkMunfpdwf? MunfndKpdwfeJY Ak'¨&Jh
*kPfawmfeJY Ak'¨&Jh arGawmf "mwfawmfwdkYudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfylaZmfwJholawG[m OD;yÍÆif;txufu a[mcJhwJh
twkdif; tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;&vdrfhr,fvdkY OD;yÍÆif;u ,HkMunfpdwfcspGmeJY? oHo,pdwfuif;pifpGmeJY a[m0Hhajym0Hh
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh Ak'¨tay:rSm ckdifckdifNrJNrJ rMunfndKbJ? ,HkMunftm;udk;jcif; r&SdbJ Ak'¨&Jh*kPfawmfawG?
bkef;awmfawGudk &Gwfqdk½Hk&GwfqdkaevdkYawmh txufu OD;yÍÆif;ajymcJhwJh tusdK;aus;Zl;awGudk cHpm;&rSm
r[kwfbl;/ uJ OD;yÍÆif; ,ck a[majymvdkufwJh tcsufeJYywfoufvdkY r&Sif;wJh? em;rvnfwJh tcsufrsm;
&Sdao;ovm;? oHo,rsm;aum &Sdao;ovm; 'umBuD;
qif;/ q&mawmf ,ck &Sif;vif; a[mjyawmfrlwJh tcsufawGeJY ywfoufvdkY bmrQ r&Sif;wm
rvif;wm r&Sdygbl; bk&m;/ oHo,vnf; r&Sdygbl; bk&m;/ ,aeYrSpNyD; wynfhawmf[m
q&mawmfa[mvdkuf wJhtwGuf Ak'¨tay:rSm wu,fhudk ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJY o'¨mw&m; xufxufoefoefeJY
Ak'¨&Jh *kPfawmf? wefcdk;awmfeJY "mwfawmf arGawmfwdkYudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfygawmhr,f bk&m;/

ar;cGef;trSwf (21)
[dE´Lbmom0ifwdkY&Jh rkwådw&m;? c&pf,mefbmom0ifwkdY&Jh aumif;uifbHkeef;? r[mar'ifbmom0ifwdkY&Jh
y&pf(pf)xm;? Ak'¨&Jh edAÁmefqdkwJh w&m;awG[m tcsif;csif; b,fvdkuJGjym;jcm;em;ygovJ q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - A,f(vf)csef? ukefonfyJGpm;BuD;? t,fvDzifpwkef;t0dkif;? bHkbdkifNrdKU?
ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r®/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r®/ bmomt,l0g' trsdK;rsdK;udk udk;uG,f,HkMunfqnf;uyfaeMuwJh vltrsdK;rsdK;

vma&muf Mum;emaeMuwJh w&m;yJGBuD;rSm 'Dvdk ta&;BuD;NyD; ½IyfaxG;vSwJh ar;cGef;wckudk ajzMum;zdkY&ef
udpö[m OD;yÍÆif;twGuf tvGef wm0efBuD;av;vSygw,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJ qkdawmh OD;yÍÆif;u 'Dar;cGef;udkajzwJh
ae&mrSm tvGefrGefjrwfvSwJh opömw&m;udkt&if;cHNyD; bmomt,l0g'toD;oD;&JhaemufqHk;&nfrSef;csufudk
a0zef oHk;oyfNyD; a[majym&r,fqdkawmh tcsdKU bmomt,l0g'udk xdcdkufoGm;r,fhta&;udk BudKwifjrifrd
vdkYygyJ/ 'gaMumifh ,ckw&m;yJGudkvma&mufMuwJh t,l0g'toD;oD;0if ynm&SifawG[m ,ck OD;yÍÆif;
ajyma[m&Sif;vif;r,fhtcsufawGeJYywfoufvdkY pdwfxJrSm b,fvdkrS tmCmww&m;rxm;MubJ ,kwåd,kwåm
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-------------------------------
pm½dkufNyD;aeY/ c&pfouú&mZf 2009 ckESpf? rwfv (20)&uf? jrefrmouú&mZf 1370 jynfhESpf

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a'gufwm a t? trf? abum M.A., Ph. D., D. Litt.,
Bar-at-Law, D. Sc., M.L.C., u ar;í
q&mawmf OD;t&d,"r®-bDat (Ak'¨0d[m& bHkbkdif)

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a'gufwm at? trf? abum M.A., Ph. D., D. Litt.

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