9TH GROUP

unnecessary
repetition
Abilia Nurul Bachri /11200140000003
Vrizka Nuria Arsita /11200140000008
Nova Khaeriza / 11200140000019
redundancy
1 Unnecessary repetition of words is also known as redundancy. It
is the repetition of words that have the same meaning so that it
becomes a waste in the use of words.
Example : “Let me repeat again.”

2 Incorrect: I returned back your things after we broke up.

Correct : I returned your things after we broke up.
start brief principal simple

powerful easy accurate concise

main correct strong finish

 word that repeated unnecessary
information should be avoided when:

Two words have essentially the same meaning,

Avoid some combinations kind of :
use one of the other but not both.
join-together
it was very extremely important (incorrect) advance and forward
it was very important (correct) new-innovations
it was extremely important (correct) return-back
repeat-again
progress and forward

Many verbs express the general idea more or less within their specific
meaning. If a verb implies the idea of more. it is unnecessary to repeat this
idea by adding word more to the sentence.
1. increase
2. decrease
3. lower
4. better

 eliminate any redundances

There is no need to say something twice, it is important to get rid of any redundancies

Example :

Redundant: John was employed and now works for the company Levis Strauss.
Revised: John now works for the company Levis Strauss.
("Now works for" implies that he was hired)

Redundant : In a moment of hopeful optimism, she made the call

revised : In a moment of optimism, she made the call
(optimism in dictionary means "a feeling of hopefulness"
 avoid unnecessary
repetition of words
repeating something twice may bore and seems awkward to reader.
only in special cases of emphasis. If there is a more concise way to
express the idea, choose it.

Example :
Repetitious: Teachers have a responsibility to help students achieve better
grades academically.
Revised: Teachers should help students improve academically.
Get Rid of Empty or Inflated Phrases:
Many phrases can be taken out
with little or no loss of meaning.
This is especially true with introductory word groups

Example :
Empty phrase: It is my opinion that abortion should be outlawed.
Revised: Abortion should be outlawed

Reduce Clauses to Phrases,

and Phrases to Single Words

To reduce wordiness, it is good to remember the following advice:

1. Do not use a dependent clause if a phrase will do.
2. Do not use a phrase if a word will do.

By finding opportunities to reduce clauses to phrases and phrases to single

words, you will make your sentences more concise:
Wordy: We visited Washington D.C., which is the capital of the United States.
Concise: We visited Washington D.C., the capital of the United States.
(Adjective clause has been reduced to an appositive phrase.)