classmate. _Mansabdaxi system and STagivdari system wese the two _impoytant pillaxs of Akbar's admmistvation . Discuss . EaEe b oeas| SRERESAESS -_ eco — The _Mansabdaci_and_Jagirdavi_system _under_th Mughals in_India —diel_not_develop suddenly 4 n_the tiene. Alkbar twould mot have been able to expand. his _empixe and maintain _ his ‘fasld_over_it_huilhout a. styong army. For this purpose it was ____ —— |. necessairy —fox_him_to_organise the nebility as Liell_as. SC | He h n_inshitu: ical |-dnd__tcanomic_significonce that played a exitial_vole inthe conselicakon — | and administration of _ the. ughal_Empive a f 4 conhnuaton of the ecayliey igta system that farmed a partof the feudal structae The tae_maia_organs_of Mughal Emperot, Akbar 's administration have been discussed as follows * __| MANsaBDaRI_system ——The_1urd ‘mansab’ means aplace_or position and therefore it_ means a—vank 10. the mansab_system_under_the Mughals. From _that_angk , the | Mansabdars here the paid ~ sewice officers of qhals_. On _the_basis of | mevit_oy service to the state , Mansabs weve -qiven_te_both civil and rnilitary officer and_henee they formed _an integral poct_of the __ Mughal buyeauexcte ESclassmate | Thus, the Mansabdas belonged fo the cil and military They could be transferred from the civil to militar departrnent and Vice=versa..Abul Fazl states that Akbar had established 66 qrods of mansabdars ranging from Commanders of JO horsemen. te 40,000 horsemen, although only 33 ayades have been mentioned b -bim. Generally, mansab inthe vank of 7000 and above vias _yesewved. , for_person like princes or other _membere_ of royal family department: — Mansab_ denoted three things <_ | Status of _its_heldex Un), Fixed the pay of the holder — ul Obligat n of maintaining specified number of contingent tith ; horses and _equipment _ - —| Zat and Sawas The ranks weve divided inte hwo — ‘zat’ and ‘cawas’ The word “zat? }-Mmeans ‘personal’ Lf fixed the personal status of a person, and alco — the soley due to him. The savy vankindicatecl the number of —|-Cawaleymen Csavaxs) a person mas required to_maintain.. A person sho + nis _requtixed fo. maintain as many canaxs as his zat rank was placed. (in_the fixst _c of that rank if he maintained halt ox more, —__| thea _m_the second category and if he_maintained. less, then 19 the. |, third The _sanar yonk was. either -€qual_or less than the zat. Even if the || formey was higher» the _mansabdax's position in the official hiexarch —jhleuld aol _be affected. Few example _,.a mansabday vith 4000 2at und ——|, 2000 sanay was highey_1n_vank than a _mansabday cf 3000 zat and — 2000 sawar although the latter ad _a._higher number of horseme[classmate under him. But there axe excephons to this mile —payticularly when the mansabday Wwas_Semving in_a_tough terrain amidst the rvebds» In_such_cases the state often increasecl the Saver rank, without _ || without —Hhe _ modification of basic struckuve For example , the _use_of | lc. hanging the 2at_yank. The _systera_ was_a_dynami«_one rot static. It changed _te mmeert the crcumstances, Thus reforms Were undertaken _ || conditional rank (mashxut), which meant _an_incxease of sawox | yank. — fo adopted in the time of crisis . that is, the permission to xecruit more horsemen at the expense of the state. — | Great caxe_was_taken to ensure thot the sawars vec nobles were _expesienced and well - mounted . Fox this purpose , a __ descriptive _yoll Cchebva) of the soldier was maintained. and his horse _ in r imperial sks. 1) called 4 isten ol Hf i 1 « __befare persons appointed “bythe emperor forthe purpose. Only goed _ wiexe_employed. Ideally , for _ quality horses_of Arabic and Iraq breed layed. Idea é ceil 1a. C yeste hitle_on zl cl laicement im. v br Rox: ol I | “I rah i fPicient on a o- | Hlored a _| Th lea a I. axis Rs 20 per _{| month. Tyanis and Tuxanis—yeccived more. The salary fox _the_sawar jvank 10s the sum total of the remuneration given “to_each trocper __ Which was fixed and _uniformally applicable Whatever the rumbex of the sanway yank might beThe eels generally paid th rough revenue _assiga oe I! A igame ks Cyagixs) The biggest problem here was that the calculahon 1as_ made _ F hi i the joa ing f i Ciama) £ one_year 1} was nohied that the actual revenue collechon. (hasil) al fell_shost of the estimated income. In such ct system the ___ = seal smansubday's salavies ta! xe_fixed by a method called month = Seales. | Tor_example.._if a jagir yi n j i consi 1aha_(~3 monthly). The month-scale was applitd to cash_salavies also. Composition of Mansabdaxs The Mughals considered. heredity as_an_important factor Lt appeas. hat the khanzads (house-born) had the First claim. Out of_a_tota numberof S75 mansabdars —holdii J avi Apaxt Fron the khanzads_, a number of mansabdays were _vecnuted vom the —zamindars (chieftains). _ oe Percival pear rightly xemarked , ‘an elite within elite” foy the Mansabdar system Syste —_[classmate (Pane: } BO AGH DAR TES Ya Det tran Mee etre erie Hae Pern Ene Pere Eee Assignment of a piece of land fan individual forthe purpase. a of collechon of revs in_hei i ee Hi prachce ja I Si were callect %, The _™, cS. also_implemented +hi ystem and the areas wen I Jair: ancl their holders,‘ ag. ydass’”_ It is bo be vemenrbered in this connechon that it is not land that wias_assigned but the right ut i tp collect revenue of income from the piece of land. Serer Oxganisation of agi Systema During Akbax 's _pexiod_all_the feriloyy vias broadly divided into tuo: khali.sa ancl regi he ae ee treasu oo in. eae ac ring to_theiy rank. Some mansabdars qe hence they ere call led_nagdi. A fer were given both ci aed cost The bulk of thet: Jn_the 31st year_of Akbar's ign, the jama_of the khalisa in |the_px Allahabad amounted fo less than S+f. of the total vevenueclassmate] [Pa An important Fea —f he oid. s stern was shifhing of 7 Jagix=holdexs from one} t _administratve reasons. This_system of transfers checked the jagixdars from eee _lecal_vooks Type of Fags 7 ; i o en a gagtes Which bleve guen_in lieu of Pay, here known as jagia tankh. Jagixs given to a_pexsen on certain conditions were called, _mashrut Jagixs — Jagixs which involved —n bligation of Service and were independent xank_twere called imam jagigs Of these vaviches tankha Jagirs ete tunsferable for every three ox four years. Watan | x n= exable Yet th i US) the jagirdars were allowed to collect only the stipulated amount fixed _ by the king The jagixday collected the vevenue through is own officials like — Karkun, Amir ond Fotecar Th: imperial bureaucracy kept a vigilant Watch over the jagirdaxs. The Dinan of the Suba saw {> it that the 20 th year_of the scign of Alt «at Amir_uns_estd_in te Suda to_see that the yagi dass strict implema ented the roya orders. __classmate) —— lo = In_the times _o} the JJagirdar took the help of faujdar for the collechon of revenue « Dusing the later_pexied of Aurangzeb ae wtign , there arose a_crisis in Jagirdaxi Syster The Man, Jagisdari Lex! tos of the Mughal Empix cake to 0 — expan enpire ivi mi x3 of administration _ Th a: pay ofthe Mughal nobility thich acted as a_prop of the Mughal administvative fruceve created by Alsbay and —nuxrbureed by his successors. Tt is of gacact Interest fn noke as observed by JF. Richard “ The _shachur 101s; ive is . with suxprisingly litte change until the eax! £ th conor,[classmate BIBLIOGRAPHY : Stee Salish Chandi, History of Medieval Inala { Orica! Blacksunn_Pat. Ltd, Hyderabad, 2020). ne eg ee : I Education Pyt. Ltd. Chennai, 2nd edn., 2020). - RS. Chaurasia. History of Mecheval India ‘From 1000 A.D to S707 A.D. C Atlantic , 201). | Mansab ond Jagir, available ab * https Il eqyankosh. ac-in (last visited on Octohey 25, 2021).