CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS (CSF) &

BARRIER FACTORS in e-GOVERNMENT

IMPLEMENTATION
Beny Prasetyo, S.Kom., M.Kom., CAPM., COBIT5-F.
Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Jember
 CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTOR
v Critical success factor (CSF) is a management
term for an element that is necessary for an (CSF)
organization or project to achieve its mission.

v A CSF is a critical factor or activity required for

ensuring the success of a company or an
organization. The term was initially used in the world
of data analysis and business analysis. For example,
a CSF for a successful Information
Technology project is user involvement.

v Jadi, CSF berisi hal-hal atau faktor-faktor yang perlu

dilakukan untuk mewujudkan tujuan yang telah
ditetapkan atau direncanakan

v CSF juga dapat disebut sebagai Enabler. Enabler

yaitu something (aktivitas/noun) yang
dilakukan/dimiliki/dibuat dan menyebabkan
suksesnya sebuah tujuan.
 CSF Influencing e-Gov Implementation
v e- Government success and failure depends on the size of gap that exists between 'current realities' and
'design of the e-government project’.

v The larger this design-reality gap, the greater the risk of e-government failure !

v Equally, the smaller the gap, the greater the chance of success (Heeks, 2003) !

v The CSFs for e-government implementation differs from one country / one city / one region to another.

v Identifying CSFs is an important issue that helps to implement e-Government successfully and to avoid
failure (Napitupulu, 2014)
Story from e-Gov Indonesia
Story from e-Gov Indonesia
 Story from e-Gov Indonesia

What can be concluded??

According to Darmawan Napitupulu (2014)
*94 article
*using Meta-Ethnography Approach
 CSF for
E-GOVERNMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
According to Al-Naimat, et.al (2013)
TOP FIVE CSF THAT INFLUENCE E-GOV IMPLEMENTATION IN JORDAN

Ø Funding: e-government initiatives around the world require funding to start the e- government projects. Furthermore, it is a
requirement for the continuation of e- government implementation. The importance of funding is essential in providing
excellent service to citizens through excellent service delivery mechanisms.

Ø IT Infrastructure: in providing e-government services through components of Information and Communication Technology, that
is able to support and enable the implementation of e-government services composed of infrastructure application server
environment and its security, data and content management tools, application development tools, operating systems and
hardware. These IT infrastructure are the backbone of e-government implementation and key factor for success.

Ø Policy and Legal Issues: new legal issues continue to arise through e-government implementation process. E-government is a
relatively new idea and the country have very little legal background in this area as with other countries. As a result of this, the
implementation of e-government requires the development of new laws and policies, through a series of legislative changes.

Ø Awareness: awareness in e-government refers to aggressively marketing the benefits of e-government services to users in the
rural and urban areas. Raising awareness of e-government is the beginning (initial stage) of the e-government implementation
is one of the method to avoid resistance and spur growth of e-government to success.

Ø Top Management Support (Political Support): support and commitment from senior management is important and is required
throughout the implementation in order to provide and allocate sufficient resources. Support also motives the team to work
harder in creating new ideas to speed up the processes and to face obstacles such as resistance to change. CSF
for
E-GOVERNMENT IMPLEMENTATION
According to Al-Naimat, et.al (2013)
 CSF for
E-GOVERNMENT
IMPLEMENTATION
According to Beny Iswaril Sirat (2016)
v An obstacle is an object, thing, action or situation that
causes an obstruction

v A barrier is something such as a fence or wall that is put

in place to prevent people from moving easily from one
area to another.

v An inhibitor is a thing which inhibits someone or

something.

INHIBITORS / BARRIERS /
OBSTACLES in e-Gov
Implementation
The Obstacles of the E-Government Implementation: A Case of Riau Province, Indonesia
Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Yulia Razila Ningsih, Puspa Indah Sandhyaduhita, and Putu Wuri Handayani (2014)
The Obstacles of the E-Government Implementation: A Case of Riau Province, Indonesia
Achmad Nizar Hidayanto, Yulia Razila Ningsih, Puspa Indah Sandhyaduhita, and Putu Wuri Handayani (2014)

• We can see that leadership is the most dominant factor of the e-Government
implementation failure in the Riau province, with estimator value at 0.327926. This
result is consistent with the finding from [3] which stated that the leadership is a
factor causing the failure of the e-Government implementation in most parts of
Indonesia.
• Information management ranks second in contributing to the failure of the e-
Government implementation with an estimator value of 0.216404. Presidential
Instruction No.3/2003 mentioned that information management is one key to
successful implementation of e-Government in Indonesia. Thus, if the information is
not managed properly, it can lead to the failure of the e-Government implementation.
• Human resources and organizational culture are in the third and fourth place with the
estimator value of 0.203904 and 0.181999 respectively. In terms of human
resources, [12] stated that most of developing countries have difficulty in attracting
skilled employees. Our result is also consistent with the finding of [2], [7], [8] which
stated that human factor is the obstacle in the implementation of e-Government.
• The last factor that played a role in inhibiting the implementation of e-Government is
the organizational culture. The government of Indonesia is actually quite easy to gain
access to the technology. In addition, we also have many leaders who have a vision of
the development of electronic services. Unfortunately, the use of e- Government is
often collide with cultural factors of management and users. This result is consistent
with the result of [8] in Iran case study. Work of [2], [3], [15] also found that the
resistance to change is one of obstacles in adopting e-Government.
Emerging Barriers in E-Government Implementation
Spyros Angelopoulos, Fotis Kitsios, Petros Kofakis, Thanos Papadopoulos (2010)

1. Funding
2. Low Security
3. Technical Infrastructure
4. Poor of IT Skills
5. Poor of Management Strategy
6. Organisational Culture
7. Poor of Communication inter departments

BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES IN E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN JORDAN

Mohammad Hjouj Btoush, Jawed Siddiqi (2009)
1. Policy Barriers
2. Economic Barriers
3. Skill Barriers
4. Technical Barriers
5. Organizational Barriers
BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES IN E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN JORDAN
Mohammad Hjouj Btoush, Jawed Siddiqi (2009)

Ø Policy Barriers : Policy can be defined as “a set of interventions from policymakers to policy implementers that spell out both
goals and the means for achieving them” or “a set of ideas and the practical search for institutional arrangements for their
realization”. The lack of clear strategies that would guide the process of transformation from traditional regulations to
electronic environment is an important impediment

Ø Economic Barriers: The financial barriers to the development of e-service have received much attention in the literature, for
example all these studies, among others, have pointed out that the transformation of services to e-services through the
adoption of e-government requires a huge budget to install, operate and maintain the systems, pay the IT consultant, and train
the public personnel. However, this is usually faced with shortage of financial allocations in the public sector.

Ø Skill Barriers: Another cause for the digital divide is the lack of the necessary skills among certain groups of people, like the
elderly, language–limited persons, less-well educated

Ø Technical barriers were found to be the most significant barriers to the development of e- services within the Jordanian
context. Although Jordan has made promising steps in building IT infrastructure that would support its adoption of e-
government and provision of e-services, such as the e-government models that were adopted by MoICT.

Ø Organizational Barriers: The lack of coordination and integration between the different agencies, and the existence of different
visions and attitudes threat the very essence of the effective and efficient implementation of e-services. In Jordan, there are
still limited efforts of public sector organizations reforms, a lack of proper institutional framework and operational leadership
to drive e-services. Another barriers is resistance of employees.