बरेलवी फ़िरक़ा जहन्नमी और अहमद रज़ा की कुफ्रिया इबारात

[02]
cjsyoh fQ+jd+k
tgUueh
¼vkSj vgen jt+k dh dqfÝ+;k bckjkr½
eqv+fYyQ+
Mk0&vkt+e csx d+knjh
09897626182
[03]
© tqeyk gqd+wd+ u’j ds fy;s eg+Qwt+ gaS
uke fdrkc& cjsyoh fQ+jd+k tgUueh

¼vkSj vgen jt+k dh dqfÝ+;k bckjkr½
eqv+fYyQ+&Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
lus b’kkv+r&uoEcj& 2021
t+quSn v+yh d+knjh &

dEiksfta+x&t+
t+Suqy v+kcnhu d+knjh
d+her& 50/- #i;s

&% feyus ds irs %&
enkj cqd lsyj tkosn cqd lsyj

eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½ djgy ¼eSuiqjh½
09695661767 09634447000
vuokj mnZw cqd fMiks

fclkr [kkuk eSuiqjh
09319086703
[04]
&% rEghn %&

bl nkSjs fQ+ru eas tgUueh fQ+jd+ksa dh dljr
gks xbZ gS vkSj gj fQ+jd+k [kqn dks vg~ys gd+ o
tUurh gksus dk nkv+ok djrk gS tcfd tUurh
tekv+r flQ+Z ,d gS vkSj 72 fQ+jd+s nkst+[k+ esa
tk;saxs rks vc ;s loky iSnk gksrk gS fd tUurh
tekv+r o nkst+[k+h fQ+jd+kas eas D;k Q+dZ+ gS vkSj
tUurh tekv+r dh v+yker D;k gS vkSj nkst+[k+h
72 fQ+jd+kas dh D;k D;k v+ykekr gSa rkfd bu
nkst+[k+h fQ+jd+ksa ls cpk tk lds vkSj gd+ o
tUurh tekv+r ls okcLrxh d+k;e dh tk lds
vkSj tUurh tekv+r ds e'kjc o ekSfd+Q+ vkSj
muds rtsZ+ v+ey dks bf[+r;kj fd;k tk ldsA
vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk dh rkSQ+hd+ ls eSa

bl vg~e ekStwv+ ij ;s fjlkyk rgjhj dj jgk
gw¡ rkfd ;s yksxkas dh bLykg vkSj jgquekbZ dk
t+fj;k cus vkSj gd+ o fgnk;r ds jkLrs dh
rjQ+ yksxkas dh jx+cr c<+s vkSj jkgs jkLr dh
rjQ+ yksx ekby gksa vkSj xqejkgh ls egQwt+
jgsa vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk vius gchc ds
ln~ds+ esa gekjh bl fdrkc dks ckjxkgs [kqnkoUnh
eas dqcwy Q+jek;s vkSj bl fdrkc dks mEers
eqfLyek dh bLykg o jguqekbZ dk t+fj;k cuk;s
vkehuA Q+d+hj
Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
9897626182
[05]
&% cjsyoh fQ+jd+k tgUueh %&

gt+jr vcw gqjSjk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS fd jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ;gwnh bdgRrj
;k cgkRrj fQjd+ksa esa rd+lhe gq;s vkSj bZlkbZ
Hkh bdgRrj ;k cgkRrj fQjd+ksa esa rd+lhe gq;s
vkSj esjh mEer frgRrj fQjd+ksa esa rd+lhe gksxh
¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&4/497-g0&4596½
¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/418-g0&2640½
v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd cuh bZljkbZy 72 et+gcksa ij eqrkQ+fjZd+ gq;s
vkSj esjh mEer 73 et+gcksa ij eqrkQ+fjZd+ gksxh
vkSj mueas ls ,d et+gc tUur eas tk;sxk vkSj
ckd+h lc vg+~ys et+gc nkst+[k+ eas tk;asxs lgkck
fdjke jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe us v+tZ+ fd;k
;k jlwyYykg tUur eas tkus okys yksx dkSu gSa
rks vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us
Q+jek;k fd tks esjs vkSj esjs lgkck ds rjhds+
ij gksaxsA ¼frfeZt+h&lquu&2/418-g0&2641½
vc lqoky iSnk gksrk gS fd gj fQ+jd+k

;s dgrk gS fd oks vgys gd+ gS vkSj tUurh gS
vkSj gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½&
[06]
vkSj lgkck ds rjhd+s ij gS rks tc ge dqjku

o lqUur ij x+kSj djasxs rks gesa bl b'kdky dk
gy fey tk;sxk rks lcls igys ge bl ckr&
dk ft+Ø djasxs fd vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk us
geas D;k ulhgr Q+jekbZ gS fQj ge cgkRrj 72
tgUueh fQ+jd+kas vkSj ,d tUurh tekv+r dh
v+yker dk rt+fdjk djsaxsA
bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS%&

vkSj mu yksxksa dh rjg u gks tkuk tks fQ+jd+ksa
eas cV x;s Fks tcfd muds ikl okt+sg fu'kkfu;k¡
vk pqdh Fkha mlds ckn Hkh oks bf[+rykQ+ djus
yxs vkSj mUgha yksxkas ds fy;s l[+r v+t+kc gSA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/105½
,d nwljs ed+ke ij vYykg rv+kyk Q+jekrk gS

cs'kd ftu yksxkas us tqnk tqnk jkgas fudky dj
nhu dks ikjk ikjk dj fn;k vkSj oks eq[+rfyQ+
fQ+jd+kas eas cV x;s ¼rks ,s egcwc½ vki fdlh
pht+ eas Hkh ¼muds ft+Eesnkj½ ugha gSa cl mudk
eqv+keyk vYykg ds gokys gS fQj oks mUgsa mu
dkeksa ls vkxkg Q+jeka nsxk tks oks fd;k djrs
FksA ¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/159½
tgUueh fQ+jd+kas ds eqrkv+fYyd+ vYykg rv+kyk

Q+jekrk gS fd ftlus viuh u¶+lkuh [+okfg'k
dks ekv+cwn cuk j[kk gS vYykg us mls b+Ye ds
ckoqtwn xqejkg Bgjk fn;k gS vkSj mlds dku&
[07]
vkSj mlds fny ij eqgj yxk nh gS vkSj mldh

vk¡[kkas ij inkZ Mky fn;k gS fQj mls vYykg ds
ckn dkSu fgnk;r dj ldrk gS lks D;k rqe
ulhgr dqcwy ugha djrsA ¼lw0&tkfl;k&45/23½
rks bl vk;rs djhek ls gesa ekv+ywe gqvk fd

72 tgUueh fQ+jd+ksa ds yksx b+Ye ds ckoqtwn Hkh
xqejkg gSaA
,d nwljs ed+ke ij bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS

vkSj cs'kd geus nkst+[k+ ds fy;s ftUukas vkSj
bUlkukas eas ls cgqr ls vQ+jkn dks iSnk Q+jek;k
oks fny o fnekx+ j[krs gSa exj oks muls gd+
dks le> ugha ldrs vkSj oks vk¡[kas ¼Hkh½ j[krs
gSa exj oks muls gd+ dks ns[k ugha ldrs vkSj
oks dku ¼Hkh½ j[krs gSa exj oks muls gd+ dks
lqu ugha ldrs vkSj oks yksx pkSik;kasa dh feLy
gSa cfYd muls Hkh T+;knk xqejkg gSa vkSj ogh
yksx x+kfQ+y gSaA ¼lw0&vkv+jkQ+&7/179½
rks ekv+ywe gqvk fd tgUueh fQ+jd+ks ds yksx

va/ks cgjs vkSj v+D+y ls [kkyh gSa tks u gd+ dks
le> ldrss gSa u ns[k ldrs gSa u lqu ldrs gSa
[+okg oks eq¶+rh gksa ;k v+kfyes nhu gkas D;kasfd
vYykg rv+kyk us mUgas b+Ye ds ckoqtwn xqejkg
Bgjk fn;k gS vkSj muds dku vkSj muds fnyksa
ij eqgj yxk nh gS vkSj mudh vk¡[kkas ij insZ
Mky fn;s gSa gkyk¡fd gj fQ+jd+k vius v+d+hns&
[08]
ij eqrebZu vkSj [kq'k Q+geh dk f'kdkj gS vkSj

[kqn dks vg~ys gd+ o tUurh le>rk gS vkSj
vg~ys gd+ ij gksus dk nkv+ok djrk gS exj oks
vLy eas gd+ ij ugha gSa cfYd oks ckfry ij gS
vkSj reke vg~ys ckfry fQ+jd+s tgUueh gSaA

il mUgksaus vius nhu ds vEj dks vkil eas
bf[+rykQ+ djds fQ+jd+k fQjd+k dj Mkyk vkSj
gj fQjd+s okys ds ikl nhu dk tks fgLlk gS
mlh ij brjk jgk gS ¼vkSj mlh ij [kq'k gS½A
¼lw0&eq&feuwu&23/53½
,d vkSj ed+ke ij bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS%&

vkSj mueas ls u gks tkuk ftUgkssaus vius nhu
dks VqdMs+ VqdM+s dj Mkyk vkSj gj fQ+jd+k mlh
VqdM+s ij brjkrk gS tks mlds ikl gSA
¼lw0&#e&30/32½
rks ekv+ywe gqvk fd 72 tgUueh fQ+jd+kas ds

yksx nhu ds ,d fgLls dks dkfey nhu le>dj
[kq'k gSa vkSj brjkrs gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd ge rks
gd+ ij gSa gkykafd oks gd+ ij ugha cfYd oks
;d+huu xqejkg gSa vkSj mudh xqejkgh dh rkbZn
o rLnhd+ vkSj xokgh [kqn vYykg rv+kyk ns
jgk gS fd oks xqejkg o tgUueh gSa vkSj tUurh
tekv+r flQ+Z ,d gS ftldh v+yker jlwyqYykg
¼lYyYykgq v+ySfg olYye½ us geas crykbZ gSA
[09]
gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd fcyk
'kqck esjh mEer xqejkgh ij tekv+ u gksxh
;kuh eqRrfQ+d+ u gksxh vkSj tc rqe bf[+rykQ+
ns[kks rks lokns vkt+e ¼cM+h tekv+r½ tks fd
rkv+nkn ds ,rckj ls cM+h gks rks mlds lkFk
jgks ;kuh cM+h tekv+r ds lkFk jgksA
¼bCus ektk&lquu&3/276-g0&3950½
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
cs'kd vYykg rv+kyk esjh mEer dks xqejkgh
ij tekv+ ugha Q+jek;sxk vkSj vYykg rckjd
o rv+kyk dk gkFk cM+h tekv+r ij gS vkSj tks
bl tekv+r ls tqnk gqvk oks vkx eas fxjkA
vkSj ,d fjok;r eas gS fd vgys ckfry vgys

gd+ ij dHkh x+kfyc ugha vk ldsxas vkSj ;s fd
rqe yksx xqejkgh ij tekv+ u gksxsA
gt+jr lwcku ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd esjh mEer dh ,d
tekv+r ges'kk gd+ ij jgsxh vkSj oks vYykg&
[10]
dh rjQ+ ls enn fd;s tk;asxs vkSj tks mudh

eq[k+kfyQ+r djsxk oks mUgas dksbZ uqdlku u igq¡pk
ldsxk gRrk fd vYykg dk gqDe ¼d+;ker½ vk&
tk;sA ¼eqfLye&lgh&5/180-g0&4950½
gtj + r tkfcj fcu lejq kg ¼jftv

+ Yykgq rvk+yk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k nhu cjkcj
d+k;e jgsxk vkSj bl nhu ds fy;s eqlyekuksa
dh ,d ¼vg~ys gd+½ tekv+r ges'kk eq[k+kfyQ+hu
ls d+;ker rd yM+rh jgsxhA
¼eqfLye&lgh&5/181-g0&4953,4954½
tkesv+ fjok;kr eas gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq

rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg
rv+kyk ftl 'k[+l dh HkykbZ pkgrk gS mldks
nhu eas le> v+rk Q+jekrk gS vkSj esjh mEer
dh ,d ¼vg~ys gd+½ tekv+r ges'kk vYykg ds
gqDe ij d+k;e jgsxh vkSj ml tekv+r ij
ges'kk vYykg rv+kyk dh enn jgsxh vkSj tks
ml tekv+r dks jqlok djus dh dksf'k'k djsxk
;k tks dksbZ mudk dqN fcxkM+uk pkgsxk exj
dqN Hkh fcxkM+ u ldsxk vkSj u uqdlku igq¡pk
ldsxk oks ¼vg~ys gd+½ tekv+r ges'kk yksxksa ij
x+kfyc jgsxh ;gk¡ rd vYykg rv+kyk dk gqDe
vku igq¡psA ¼eqfLye&lgh&5/181-g0&4955,4956½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&1/30-g0&6,7,9½
[11]
gtj + r tkfcj fcu vC+nYqykg ¼jftv

+ Yykgq rvk+yk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd uch vdje ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k esjk jkLrk
lh/kk jkLrk gS vkSj esjs jkLrs dh bRrsckv+ djks
vkSj ,sls jkLrksa dh iSjoh u djks tks rqEgas esjs
jkLrs ls tqnk dj nsA
vkSj ,d fjok;r eas gS uch vdje ¼lYyYykgq

rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd eSaus vius jc ls nqv+k dh fd ,s esjs jc
esjh mEer dks v+ke d+g~r ls gykd u djuk
vkSj mu ij muds vUnj ds v+ykok ckgj ls
dksbZ nq'eu eqlYyr u djuk tks esjh mEer dks
gykd djds j[k ns rks esjs jc us eq>s Q+jek;k
,s eqgEen ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg
olYye½ eSa tc Hkh dksbZ Q+Slyk djrk gw¡ rks
mls jn~n ugha djrk eSa rsjh mEer dks v+ke
d+g~r ls gykd ugha d#¡xk vkSj muds vUnj ds
v+ykok ckgj ls dksbZ nq'eu eqlYyr ugha d#¡xk
tks mUgsa gykd djds j[k ns vxjpk lc eqYdksa
ds yksx mu ij p<+ nksaM+sa rks mUgsa gykd u dj
ldsaxs vycRrk ;s vkil esa ,d nwljs dks gykd
djsaxs vkSj vki ¼lYyYykgq v+ySfg olYye½ us
Q+jek;k eq>s viuh mEer ij xqejkg bekekas dk
[k+kSQ+ gS vkSj esjh mEer dh ,d tekv+r ges'kk
gd+ ij jgsxh vkSj vg~ys gd+ vg~ys ckfry ij
ges'kk x+kfyc jgsaxs o mudk dksbZ Hkh eq[k+kfyQ+&
[12]
mudk dqN Hkh fcxkM+ u ldsaxsA

rks okts+g gqvk fd 72 fQ+jds+ tgUue eas
tk;asxs vkSj ,d tekv+r tks tUur eas nkf[k+y
gksxh mldh v+yker ;s gS fd oks lcls cM+h
tekv+r gksxh vkSj rkv+nkn ds ,rckj ls mleas
dljr gksxh vkSj fQ+jd+kas dh v+yker ;s gS fd
rkv+nkn ds ,rckj ls oks d+yhy ¼FkksM+s½ gkasxs
tSls cjsyoh] nsocUnh] vgys gnhl] jkQ+t+h] o
[k+kjth ox+Sjkg D;kasfd nqfu;k¡ ds ,rckj ls ;s
tgUueh fQ+jd+s nks pkj eqYd+kas rd egnwn gksaxs
vkSj cM+h tekv+r ds yksx iwjh nqfu;k¡ ds gj
f[k+Rrs eas ekStwn gkasxs dgha de dgha T+;knk rHkh
rks oks cM+h tekv+r gksxh tks rkv+nkn ds ,rckj
ls cM+h gksxhA
rks tc ge cM+h tekv+r ij x+kSj
djas rks flQ+Z fgUnqLrku ;k ikfdLrku eas gh cM+h
tekv+r u ns[kas cfYd iwjh nqfu;k¡ dks rlOoqj eas
ysrs gq;s x+kSj djas fd vg~ys gd+ o vg~ys tUur
dh cM+h tekv+r dkSu lh gS vkSj fQj ge ml
cM+h tekv+r ds lkFk okcLrk jgasA
vkSj vg+ys gd+ o vg~ys tUur dh cM+h

tekv+r oks gS ftUgksaus dqjku vkSj vgys cSr dks
et+cwrh ls idM+ j[kk gS vkSj ogh yksx vg~ys
gd+ o cM+h tekv+r vkSj vg~ys tUur ds yksx
gSa ftu ij vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk dk gkFk&
[13]
gS ;kuh vYykg rv+kyk dk [k+kl Q+T+yks dje gS

vkSj vYykg rv+kyk mu dh enn Q+jekrk gS
vkSj oks ges'kk vg~ys ckfry ij x+kfyc jgasxs
vkSj ogh yksx tUurh gSa vkSj mu ds gd+ ij
gksus dh rkbZn o rLnhd+ [kqn gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us Q+jekbZ
fd eSa rqEgkjs njfe;ku nks Hkkjh phtas+ NksM+s tk
jgk gw¡ ,d dqjku vkSj ,d esjs vgys cSr vkSj
buesa ls dksbZ fdlh ls derj ugha gS dqjku o
esjs vgys cSr ;s dHkh vkil eas tqnk u gksxas
gRrk fd gkSts+ dkSlj ij ;s nksukas bdV~Bs esjs
ikl vk;asxs vkSj tks bu nksukas dks et+cwrh ls
Fkkes jgsxk oks dHkh ¼Hkh½ xqejkg u gksxk vkSj
buesa ls vxj fdlh ,d dks Hkh NksM+ fn;k rks
oks ;d+huu xqejkg gks tk;sxkA
¼eqfLye&lgh&6/93-g0&6225,6227½
¼gkfde&vy eqLrnjd&4/226-g0&4576½
¼rcjkuh&eqv+te dchj&5/166-g0&4971½
rks ekv+ywe gqvk fd cM+h tekv+r tks tUurh

gS ;s oks yksx gkasxs tks dqjku o vgys cSr nkasukas
dks et+cwrh ls Fkkes gksaxs rks gesa pkkfg;s fd ge
Hkh blh tekv+r ls ges'kk eqUlfyd jgas rkfd
ge gd+ ij jgas vkSj gekjk [k+kRek bZeku fcy
[kS+j ij gks D;kasfd tks bl tekv+r ls vyx
gqvk oks vkx eas fxjkA
[14]
tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS

¼jksts+ d+;ker½ vYykg Q+jek;sxk rqe ftUuks o
bUlkuksa dh mu ¼tgUuqeh½ tekv+rkas eas 'kkfey
gksdj nkst+[k+ eas nkf[k+y gks tkvks vkSj tc Hkh
dksbZ tekv+r ¼nkst+[k+ eas½ nkf[k+y gksxh rks oks
vius tSlh nwljh tekv+r ij ykv+ur Hkstsxh
;gk¡ rd fd tc lkjs fxjksg mleas tekv+ gks
tk;asxs rks muds fiNys vius vxyksa ds gd+ esa
dgsaxs ,s gekjs jc bUgha yksxksa us gesa xqejkg
fd;k Fkk lks budks nkst+[k+ dk nks xquk v+t+kc ns
¼lw0&vkv+jkQ+&7/38½
gt+jr vcw t+j ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftlus tekv+r
ls ckfy'r Hkj Hkh v+ySgnxh bf[+r;kj dh mlus
nhu bLyke dh jLlh dks vius xys ls mrkjdj
Qsad fn;kA ¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&4/611-g0&4758½
gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½

us Q+jek;k fd esjs ckn ubZ ubZ ckrsa iSnk gksaxh
;k fQ+Ruk Q+lkn dk t+ekuk vk;sxk rks tc rqe
ns[kks fd ftlus tekv+r NksM+ nh gS rks mlus
jlwyqYykg dh mEer eas QwV Mkyh vkSj rQ+jd+k
iSnk fd;k rks rqe yksx ,sls 'k[+l dks d+Ry dj
Mkyks D;ksafd vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk dk gkFk
tekv+r ij gS vkSj tekv+r ls v+ySgnk gksus
okys ds lkFk 'kSrku gksrk gS tks mls ykr ekj
[15]
dj gk¡drk gS ¼ulkbZ&lquu&3/134-g0&4027½
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg
rv+kyk us eq>ls igys ftl mEer esa uch Hkstk
rks ml uch dh mEer esa ls ml uch ds dqN
lgkch Hkh gq;s tks ml uch ds rjhd+s ij jgs
vkSj ml uch ds gqDe dh iSjoh djrs jgs fQj
mu yksxksa ds ckn ,sls ukyk;d+ yksx iSnk gq;s tks
tqcku ls dgrs Fks exj djrs ugha Fks vkSj mu
dkeksa dks fd;k djrs Fks ftudk mUgsa gqDe ugha
gksrk Fkk rks fQj tks dksbZ ,sls yksxksa ls vius
gkFk ls yMs+ rks oks eksfeu gS vkSj tks viuh
tqcku ls yM+s ;kuh budks cqjk dgs vkSj budh
cqjh ckrksa dks jn~n djs oks Hkh eksfeu gS vkSj tks
dksbZ buls fny ls yM+s ;kuh budks fny esa cqjk
tkus oks Hkh eksfeu gS vkSj tks dksbZ fny esa Hkh
budks cqjk u tkus rks mlds fny esa jkbZ ds nkus
ds cjkcj Hkh bZeku ugha gS
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/150-g0&179½
gkfly urhtk ;s gS fd eqlyekukas dh cM+h

tekv+r tks vgys tUur gSa mueas ls dksbZ Hkh
,slk ugha ftlus dqjkuks lqUur o vgys cSr
ls okcLrxh u j[kh gks cfYd dqjkuks lqUur ij
gqLus ,rd+kn ds lkFk bZeku j[kk vkSj ml ij
xket+u jgs vkSj vgys cSr ls lPph o [k+kfyl
[16]
eqgCcr o v+dhnr j[kh elyu vDlj lgkck]

rkcbZu] rckv+ rkcb+Zu] eqgfn~nlhu] vkbEek] o
eQq f+Lljhu] ev
q f+j[
Z kh+u] lyQs+ lkfyghu] vkfSy;k
fdjke] lwfQ+;k bt+ke] o reke eqfgCckus vgys
cr
S mY+ek o el q yeku vkj S oks tks ;knxkj gl
q u
S
c'kDys rkft+;knkjh djrs gSa vkSj cM+s tk¡d] o
'kkSd+ ls bldk bgfreke djrs gSa et+dwjk bu
lcdh tekv+r cM+h tekv+r gS tks tUurh gS
ckd+h lc 72 fQ+jd+kas ds tqejs eas 'kkfey gSa tks
lc ds lc nkst+[k+ eas nkf[k+y gksaxsA
[17]
&% fgLlk nkse %&

vgen jt+k m+Q+Z
vkyk gt+jr ds
dqfÝ+;k v+d+k;n
o b+ckjkr
[18]
&%dkfQ+j vkSj dq¶+j dh rkv+jhQ+%&

dkfQ+j dh rkv+jhQ+%&
dkfQ+j dh nks fd+Lesa gSa ¼1½ vlyh ¼2½ eqjrn
vlyh%& tks 'kq# ls gh dfyek&,&bLyke dk
eqfUdj gks mls dkfQ+j vlyh dgrs gSa dkfQ+j
vlyh dh Hkh nks fd+Lesa gSa ¼1½ tks fd ,sykfu;k¡
rkSj ij dq¶+j djs ¼2½ tks fd vius dq¶+j dks
Nqikrk gks rks ,sykfu;k¡ dq¶+j djus okys dks
dkfQ+j eqv+fyu vkSj tks 'k[+l vius dq¶+j dks
Nqikrk gks mls equkfQ+d+ dgrs gSaA
eqjrn%& oks 'k[+l ftlus igys dfyek i<+k vkSj

fQj mlus ml dfyes dk bUdkj dj fn;k mls
dkfQ+j eqjrn dgrs gSaA
dfyekrs dq¶+j dh rkv+jhQ+%& dq¶+j dk yqx+oh

ekv+uk gS fdlh 'kS% dk Nqikuk vkSj bfLrykgh
ekv+uk gS fd t+#fj;krs nhu dh fdlh 'kS% dk
bUdkj djuk dq¶+j gS vxjpk oks ckd++h reke
t+#fj;krs nhu dh rLnhd+ djrk gks gqtwj uch
djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ vius
jc ds ikl ls tks dqN Hkh yk;s gSa mu lc dh
rLnhd+ djuk vkSj lPps fny ls eku ysuk vkSj
;d+hu j[kuk bZeku gS vkSj muesa ls fdlh ckr
dks >qBykuk vkSj mlesa vn~uk 'kd djuk dq¶+j
gS elyu vYykg rv+kyk dh ognkfu;r ij&
[19]
bZeku ykuk vkSj mldh reke fdrkcksa ij bZeku

ykuk vkSj reke uch o jlwyksa ij bZeku ykuk]
Q+fj'rksa ij bZeku ykuk] rd+nhj ij bZeku ykuk
d+cz ls mBk;s tkus vkSj d+;ker ij bZeku ykuk
vkSj gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rvkyk v+ySfg
olYye½ ds vkf[k+jh uch vkSj jlwy gksus ij
bZeku ykuk vkSj tUur o nkst+[k+ ox+Sjkg ij
bZeku ykus dks bZeku dgrs gSa buesa ls fdlh Hkh
pht+ dk bUdkj djuk dq¶+j gS vkSj tks pht+sa
ge ij Q+t+Z dh xbZ gSa tSls jkst+k] uekt+] gt]
t+dkr oxS+jkg buesa ls fdlh pht+ dh Q+ft+Z;r
dk bUdkj djuk dq¶+j gS blh rjg jc rv+kyk
dh gjke dnkZ pht+ksa dks gyky tkuuk dq¶+j gS
tSls 'kjkc] tqv+k] lwn] lqvj dk xks'r] eqnkZj
o [kwu vkSj ft+uk ox+Sjkg vkSj vYykg rv+kyk
dh gyky dnkZ pht+ksa dks gjke tkuuk dq¶+j gS
vkSj vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds uch o jlwy
dh 'kkus vd+nl esa vn~uk lh xqLrk[+kh o rkSghu
dq¶+j gS vkSj t+#fj;krs nhu esa ls fdlh 'kS% dk
bUdkj djuk ;k f[k+ykQ+ djuk dq¶+j gS ysfdu
blls oks yksx eqjkn ugha gSa ftUgsa lghg dyek
i<+uk Hkh ugha vkrk vkSj oks yksx t+#fj;krs
nhu ls uk okfd+Q+ gSaA
&% vd+okys dqfÝ+;k dh vd+lke %&
¼1½ yqtwes dq¶+j& oks dfyek&,&dq¶+j fd ftlesa
bgfreky ik;k tk;s ;kuh oks dfyek&,&dq¶+j tks
tqcku ls lkfnj gks vkSj mlesa dksbZ ,slk igyw
[20]
gks tks d+k;y dks dq¶+j ls cPkk lds ;kuh ljhg

dq¶+j u gks ;kuh oks ckr tks dq¶+js ,S+u u gks
exj dq¶+j rd igq¡pkus okyh gks ;kuh dq¶+j xS+j
ljhg] x+Sj d+rbZ vkSj xS+j bfRrQ+kd+h gks rks bl
fd+Le dk dq¶+j djus okyk eqjrn ugha gksrk rks
,sls 'k[+l dks dkfQ+j ugha dgsaxs ysfdu mlds
dkS+y vkSj Q+sv+y dks dq¶+j dgsaxs dq¶+js yqtweh ds
eqjrfd+c dks Qqd+gk&,&fdjke dkfQ+j dgrs gSa
exj m+Yek&,&eqrkdfYyehu dq¶+js yqtweh ds
eqjrfdc dks dkfQ+j ugha dgrs cfYd oks lqdwr
bf[+r;kj djrs gSa rks tc yqtwes dq¶+j ij Qqd+gk
o eqrkdfYyehu ds njfe;ku bf[+rykQ+ gks rks
yqtwes dq¶+j djus okyk bLyke ls [+kkfjt ugha
gksrk cfYd mls rkSck o rtnhns bZeku o rtnhns
fudkg dk gqDe fn;k tk;sxk vkSj ;s gqDe crkSj
bgfr;kru gksxkA
bfYrt+kes dq¶+j& bldks dq¶+js ljhg] d+rbZ vkSj

bRrsQ+kd+h Hkh dgrs gSa ;kuh oks ckr tks dq¶+js
,S+u gks ;kuh dq¶+j ljhg] okt+sg vkSj tyh gks
vkSj mlesa dksbZ t+bZQ+ ls t+bZQ+ Hkh bgfreky u
ik;k tk;s vkSj mlesa dksbZ ,sls ekv+uh u ik;s
tkrs gksa tks d+k;y dks dq¶+j ls cpk ldsa bldks
dq¶+js bfYrt+keh dgrs gSa ,sls dq¶+j ds eqjrfdc
dks eqjrn dgrs gSa vkSj bfYrt+keh dq¶+j dk
eqjrfdc bLyke ls [k+kfjt gks tkrk gS vkSj
mlds reke vkv+ekys lkfygk cckZn gks tkrs gSa
vkSj mldk fudkg Hkh ckfry gks tkrk gS vkSj&
[21]
mldh t+kstk fdlh ls Hkh fudkg dj ldrh gS

D;ksafd oks mlds fudkg ls fudy tkrh gS vkSj
ftl dq¶+j ij Qqd+gk o eqrkdfYyehu nksuksa gh
eqRrfQ+d+ gks tk;sa rks oks dq¶+js bfYrt+keh gS vkSj
t+#fj;krs nhu esa ls fdlh 'kS% dk bUdkj djuk
;k f[k+ykQ+ djuk vkSj vYykg rv+kyk o mlds
jlwy gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
vkSj tqeyk vfEc;k fdjke ¼v+ySfgeqLlyke½ dh
bgkur ¼rkSghu½ djuk vkSj budh 'kkuks v+t+er
esa dyek&,&dq¶+j ;k xqLrk[k+h djuk ;s d+rv+u
o bTekv+u dq¶+js bfYrt+keh gS vkSj tc rd
dfyek&,&dq¶+j esa bfYrt+ke dh lwjr u gks rks
d+k;y dks d+kfQ+j dgus ls lqdwr fd;k tk;sxkA
[22]
vgen jt+k mQ+Z vkyk gt+jr cjsyoh

ds dqfÝ+;k v+d+k;n o b+ckjrsa
01& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us csvnch vkSj xqLrk[k+h
dh lkjh gnas ikj djnha vYykg rv+kyk dh 'kku
eas v+t+he o bfUrgkbZ rkSghu djrs gq;s viuh
fdrkc ^^Q+rkok fjt+fo;k** ds ftYn&15 lQ+kg&
546 ij fy[kk êv+kt+ vYykg vLrx+ fQ+jqYykg*
fd ogkch ,sls dks [kqnk dgrk gS ftldk edku
t+eku ¼t+ekuk½ ftgr ¼flEr rjQ+½ ekfg;r
¼gd+hd+r] dqfUu;r] vlfy;r½ rjd+hcs v+D+yh ls
ikd dguk fcnv+r gd+hfd+;k ds d+chy ¼fd+Le½
ls vkSj ljhg dq¶+jkas ds lkFk fxuus ds d+kfcy gS
ftldk lPpk gksuk dqN t+#jh ugha >wBk Hkh gks
ldrk gS ,sls dks ftldh ckr ij ,rckj ugha
u mldh fdrkc d+kfcys bfLrukn u mldk nhu
yk;ds+ ,rekn ,sls dks ftleas gj ,S+cks uqD+l dh
xqatkb'k gS tks viuh e'kh[k+r ¼cqtqxhZ½ dks cuh
j[kus dks d+lnu ,S+ch cuus ls cprk gS pkgs rks
gj xUnxh eas vkywnk gks tk;s ,sls dks ftl dk
b+Ye gkfly fd;s gkfly gksrk gS o mldk b+Ye
mlds bf[+r;kj esa gS pkgs rks tkfgy jgsA
,sls dks ¼[kqnk dgrs gSa½ ftl dk cgduk]

Hkwyuk] lksuk] m¡?kuk] x+kfQ+y jguk] t+kfye gksuk
gRrk fd ej tkuk lc dqN eqfEdu gS o [kkuk
ihuk is'kkc djuk] ik[k+kuk fQjuk vkSj ukpuk]
[23]
fFkjduk] uV dh rjg dyk [ksyuk] v+kSjrksa ls

ftekv+ djuk] fyokrr ¼bx+yke½ tSlh [k+chl
csg;kbZ dk eqjrfdc gksuk gRrk fd eq[k+Uul dh
rjg [kqn e[kk+Sy ¼et+kd+½ cuuk o dksbZ [k+cklr
¼ukikdh] xUnxh½ dksbZ Q+t+hgr ¼ft+Yyr½ mldh
'kku ds f[k+ykQ+ ugha oks [kkus dk eq¡g vkSj Hkjus
dk isV vkSj enZ o t+u nksukas dh v+ykeras fcy
Qs+v+y j[krk gS vkSj ;gh ugha cfYd vius vki
dks tyk ldrk gS Mwcks Hkh ldrk gS vkSj t+gj
[kkdj viuk xyk ?kksaV ldrk gS cUnwd ekj dj
[kqndq'kh Hkh dj ldrk gS mlds ek¡ cki t+ks# o
csVk lc eqfEdu gSa cfYd ek¡ cki gh ls ;s iSnk
gqvk vkSj ;s jcM+ dh rjg QSyrk gS fleVrk gS
,sls dks ¼[kqnk dgrs gSa½ ftldk dyke Q+uk

gks ldrk gS tks cUnkas ds [k+kSQ+ ds ckbl >wB ls
cprk gS fd dgha oks eq>s >wBk u le>sa vkSj oks
cUnkas ls Nqikdj isV Hkj dj >wB cksy ldrk gS
,sls dks ¼[kqnk dgrs gSa½ ftldh [k+cj dqN vkSj
b+Ye dqN vkSj gS [k+cj lPph gS rks b+Ye >wBk
gS b+Ye lPpk gS rks [k+cj >wBh gS ,sls dks tks
lt+k nsus eas etcwj gS u ns rks csxS+jr gS eqv+kQ+
djuk pkgs rks ghys <w¡<rk gS vkSj jk¶+t+h ,sls
dks [kqnk dgrs gSa fd gj pekj] gj dqRrs] vkSj
gj lqvj [k+kfYd+;r esa mldk 'kjhd gSA
¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&15/544,546,547½
¼lqcgkul lqcwg&116,117,154,155 ½
vgen jt+k us viuh fdrkc gnk;d+s cf[+'k'k esa
[24]
lQ+kg 139 ij fy[kk fd ^^tSls lcdk [kqnk ,d

gS oSls gh budk mudk rqEgkjk gekjk uch** rks
vgen jt+k us ekuk fd lcdk [kqnk ,d gS rks
fQj nsocUnh ogkch dk [kqnk nwljk dSls gks x;k
02& blh rjg dh b+ckjr vgen jt+k dh fdrkc

^^vYykg >wV ls ikd** esa Hkh fy[kh gqbZ gS fd
vxj rqEgkjk lk[+rk ¼?k<+k gqvk½ [kqnk v+kSjr dh
d+nj ls Hkh ?kV jgk gS rks vkSj Hkh x;k xqt+jk
gqvk v+kSjr d+kfnj gS fd ft+uk djk;s rks rqEgkjs
beke o rqEgkjs finjs rkv+yhe ij okftc gS fd
rqEgkjk [kqnk Hkh ft+uk djk lds ojuk nsocUn esa
cndkj v+kSjrsa rsjs ml [kqnk ij d+gd+gs mM+k;saxh
fd fu[kV~Vw rw gekjs cjkcj Hkh u gks ldk fQj
dkgs [kqnkbZ dk ne ekjrk gS vc vkids [kqnk eas
QqtZ ¼'keZxkg½ Hkh t+#j gqbZ ojuk ft+uk dk gS
[k+uls ¼fgtM+s] eq[k+Uul½ [kqnk ds iqtkfj;ks D;kas
lqcwg ¼csgn ikd½ dqn~nwl ¼cM+k ikd½ ds cUnkas
ls my>rs gks ewjrh iwtu okys fgUnqvks vyx
vyx fyax o t+kfgjh ewfrZ cukus ds lkSns eas iM+s
gks eqd+n~nl enjlk nsocUn eas vkvks fd nksukas
v+ykeras ,d gh ekv+cwn esa ikvks vkSj rv+kTtqc
Fkk fd [kqnk ds fy;s vkyk ejnqeh ¼;kuh 'keZxkg
dk m+T+cs [k+kl vkyk ruklqy½ gks rks fQj mlds
eqd+kfcy v+kSjr dgk¡ ls vk;sxh vUnke ¼ftLe½
t+uh gks rks mlds yk;d+ mls enZ dgk¡ ls feysxk
d;ksafd mldh gj pht+ uk egnwn o cs bfUrgkbZ
gksxhA ¼vYykg >wB ls ikd gS&lQ+k&161,162½
[25]
fiNys lQ+k ij et+dwjk b+ckjkr ds rv+kYyqd+ ls

vgen jt+k cjsyoh ds iSjksdkj tokc nsrs gSa fd
nsocUnh ogkch us tc viuh fdrkc eas ;s fy[kk
fd vYykg rv+kyk >wB cksy ldrk gS rks blds
tokc eas vgen jt+k us fy[kk fd vxj rqEgkjk
vYykg >wB cksy ldrk gS rks rqEgkjk vYykg
ft+uk Hkh dj ldrk gS ox+Sjkg eq[+rfyQ+ dyek&
,&dq¶+j ;s lc relhykr gSa gkyk¡fd fdlh ds
dyek&,&dq¶+j ds tokc eas dye, dq¶+j dgus
ls dgus okyk dkfQ+j gks tkrk gS tcfd vgen
jt+k dks pkfg;s Fkk fd mlds dyek&,&dq¶+j ds
tokc eas mldh ckr dk dqjku o vgknhl dh
jks'kuh eas jn~n djrs vkSj fdlh dh ,d xkyh
dk tokc dlhj xkfy;kas ls nsuk vOoy ntsZ dh
fgekdr vkSj tkgfy;r gSA
03& vgen jt+k us viuh fdrkc ^[k+Res ucwor*

esa lQ+kg&71 ij jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ dks mEer dk jkbZ+
¼pjôkgk½ fy[kk tks viuh cdfj;kas dks ns[krk
gS vkSj ;s uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
o vkfyfg olYye½ dh 'kkus vd+nl es ljhg
xqLrk[k+h o rkSghu gS D;ksafd vYykg rckjd o
rv+kyk dqjku ethn eas bj'kkn Q+jekrk gS fd
^^,s bZeku okyks esjs egcwc dks& jkb+uk er dgk
djks cfYd vnc ls mUtqjuk ¼;kuh gekjh rjQ+
ut+js dje Q+jekb;s** dgk djks vkSj dkfQ+jks
ds fy;s nnZukd v+t+kc gSA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/104½
[26]
m+Yek Q+jekrs gSa fd ljhg rkSghu eas uh;r dk

,rckj ugha fd;k tk;sxk vkSj jkb+uk dgus dh
eqekfu;r ds ckn Hkh vxj dksbZ lgkch uh;rs
rkSghu ds cxS+j gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
o vkfyfg olYye½ dks jkb+uk dgs rks oks dqjku
dh obZn ;kuh dkfQ+jkas ds fy;s nnZukd v+t+kc
dk eqLrfgd+ gS vkSj bl ckr dh nyhy ;s gS
fd uh;rs rkSghu ds cxS+j Hkh gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dh 'kku eas rkSghu dk
dyek dguk dq¶+j gS ¼fdrkc dk uke&^^xqLrk[k+s
jlwy dh lt+k lj ru ls tqnk**&&&&lQ+gk&41
eqlfUuQ+& ekSykuk vgen jt+k o ekSykuk l¸;n
vgen lbZn dkt+eh o ekSykuk xqyke v+yh½
^^xqLrk[k+kas dk cqjk vUtke** bl fdrkc eas

fy[kk gS fd lw0&cd+jkg dh vk;r eas bj'kkn
Q+jek;k x;k fd ,s eqlyekukas jkb+uk ds y¶+t+
eas pw¡fd jkbZ+ ¼pjôkgs½ ;k jÅ+ur ¼xq#j vkSj
ljd'kh o rdCcqj½ dk ekv+uk Hkh fudyrk gS
vkSj bldk ,d ekv+uk lgh Hkh gS exj csvnch
gksus dh otg ls ,slk y¶+t+ esjs gchc dks u
dgks ojuk ;kn j[kks dkfQ+jkas ds fy;s nnZukd
v+t+kc gSA ¼fdrkc dk uke&&&xqLrk[k+kas dk cqjk
vUtke&lQ+gk&16½ ¼eqlfUuQ+&vYykek eqgEen
Q+St+ vgen moSlh½
blh rjg ,d vkSj fdrkc ^^dqfÝ+;k dfyekr ds

ckjs eas lqoky tokc** esa fy[kk gS fd vxj dksbZ
[27]
'k[+l gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½

dks mEer dk pjôkgk dgs rks mlds fy;s D;k
gqDe gS tokc%& ;s rkSghu vkest+ y¶+t+ gS dgus
okyk rkSck djs o rtnhns bZeku djs o rtnhns
fudkg djsA ¼fdrkc&dqfÝ+;k dfyekr ds ckjs eas
lqoky tokc lQ+gk&204,205 -eqlfUuQ+& bfy;kl
vRrkj d+knjh o Q+rkok vetfn;k&4/257-260½
blh rjg ,d vkSj fdrkc ^^gD+dqy eqchu** eas

fy[kk gS fd lgkck fdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugqe½ ck uh;rs rkv+t+he jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ dks jkb+uk
dg dj f[k+rkc fd;k djrs Fks exj ;gwnh pw¡fd
bl dyes dks gqtwj ds gd+ eas ck uh;rs rkSghu
bLrsv+eky djrs Fks blfy;s vYykg rv+kyk us
lgkck fdjke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqe½ dks
jkb+uk dgus ls eukv+ dj fn;k vkSj bl gqDe
ds ckn bl dyes dk gqtwj ds gd+ eas cksyuk
rkSghu vkSj ewtcs ¼okftc djus okyk½ v+t+kcs
vyhe d+jkj ns fn;k rks ekv+ywe gqvk t+ekus
ds yksxkas dh ?kfV;k] gd+hj o t+yhy rkohykas ls
ucwors eqLrQ+k cgqr cqyUn vkSj ckyk gS vkSj
rkohy djus okyksa dh eu ?k<+r rkohykr mudks
gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dh rkSghu ds tqeZs v+t+he
ls cpk ugha ldrhA ¼fdrkc dk uke&gD+dqy
eqchu&lQ+gk&19,20 -------eqlfUuQ+&ekSykuk l¸;n
vgen lbZn dkt+eh½
[28]
vkSj vgen jt+k cjsyoh [kqn vius gh Q+ros ds

eqrkfcd+ dkfQ+j gks x;s tSlk fd vgen jt+k us
viuh fdrkc ^rEghns bZeku* esa fy[kk fd reke
eqlyekuksa dk bTekv+ gS fd tks jlwys vdje
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½
dh 'kkus vd+nl esa xqLrk[k+h djs oks dkfQ+j gS
vkSj tks mlds v+t+kc ds eqLrfgd+ gksus esa 'kd
djs oks Hkh dkfQ+j gS vkSj tks fdlh uch dh
'kku esa xqLrk[k+h ds lcc dkfQ+j gqvk mldh
rkSck fdlh rjg dqcwy ugha vkSj tks Hkh mlds
v+t+kc ;k dq¶+j esa 'kd djs oks Hkh dkfQ+j gSA
¼rEghns bZeku&lQ+kg&100&eqlfUuQ+&vgen jt+k½
04& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us dqjku ethn dh lw0

&fgTj dh vk;r u0 28 ds rtqZes esa fy[kk fd
^;kn djks tc rqEgkjs jc us Q+fj'rksa ls Q+jek;k
fd eSa vkneh dks cukus okyk gw¡ ctrh feV~Vh
ls tks cncwnkj fl;kg xkjs ls gS* eQ+gwe& ;kuh
vYykg rv+kyk us gt+jr vkne ¼v+ySfgLlyke½
dh r[k+yhd+ cncw nkj feV~Vh ls dhA
¼datqy bZeku&lw0&fgTj&15/28½
vkSj ;s gt+jr vkne ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ o tqeyk

vfEc;k fdjke v+ySfgeqLlyke dh 'kkus vd+nl
esa xqLrk[k+h gS D;ksafd uch ds fy;s y¶+ts+ cncw
dk bLrsv+eky djuk uch dh 'kku eas xqLrk[k+h
vkSj rkSghu gS gkykafd nhxj eqrjftehu us bl&
[29]
vk;r dk rtqZek fd;k fd vkSj ôks okD+v+k ;kn

djas fd tc vkids jc us Q+fj'rkas ls Q+jek;k
fd eSa fl;kg xkjs dh [k+udrh gqbZ feV~Vh ls ,d
c'kj dks iSnk djus okyk gw¡A
05& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us dqjku ethn dh lw0

&Q+rg dh vk;r u0&2 ds rtqZes esa fy[kk fd
^^vkSj rqEgsa lh/kh jkg fn[kk ns** vkSj ;s gqtwj
dh 'kku esa xqLrk[k+h o rkSghu gS D;ksafd dqjku
ethn eas dbZ ed+kekr ij vYykg rv+kyk us
Q+jek;k ^^bUudk v+yk fljkfre eqLrd+he** ;kuh
,s gchc cs'kd vki fljkrs eqLrd+he ¼;kuh jkgs
fgnk;r½ ij ¼Q+kbt+½ gSa tcfd nhxj eqrjftehu
us bl vk;rs djhek dk rtqZek bl rjg fd;k
fd cs'kd vYykg rv+kyk ^^vkidks lh/ks jkLrs
ij lkfcr d+ne j[ks**A ¼lw0&Q+rg&48/2½
reke vg~ys lqUur oy tekv+r dk

v+d+hnk gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg o
vkfyfg olYye½ ljkik fgnk;r gSa vkSj vxj
vki ¼ev+kt+ vYykg½ fgnk;r ;k¶+rk u gksrs rks
yksxksa dks jkgs fgnk;r dSls fn[kkrs vkSj cs'kd
vYykg rv+kyk us vius I;kjs gchc ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ dks ljkik
fgnk;r cukdj ecÅ+l Q+jek;k vkSj bldh
rkbZn o rLnhd+ o xokgh [kqn dqjku us nh gSA
[30]

cs'kd vki jlwyksa esa ls gSa ¼vkSj½ lh/kh jkg ij
¼d+k;e½ gSaA ¼lw0&;klhu&36/3,4½

cs'kd vki lh/kh jkg ij ¼d+k;e½ gSaA
¼lw0&tq[k+jqQ+&43/43½

vkSj ¼vYykg rv+kyk½ vkidks lh/ks jkLrs ij
xket+u j[ksA ¼lw0&Q+rg&48/20½

¼,s egcwc½ vki Q+jeka nhft;s fd cs'kd esjs jc
us eq>s lh/ks jkLrs dh rjQ+ fgnk;r Q+jeka nh gS
¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/161½
gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg o

vkfyfg olYye½ ljkik fgnk;r gSa vkSj yksaxksa
dh fgnk;r dk t+fj;k o olhyk Hkh gSa&

;s ¼v+t+he½ fdrkc gS ftls geus vkidh rjQ+
mrkjk gS rkfd vki yksaxksa dks ¼dq¶+j o f'kdZ dh½
rkjhfd;ksa ls fudkydj ¼bZeku o fgnk;r ds½
uwj dh tkfuc ys vk;sa ¼et+hn ;s fd½ muds jc
ds gqDe ls mldh jkg dh rjQ+ yk;sa tks x+ycs
okyk lc [kwfc;ksa okyk gSA ¼lw0&bczkghe&14/1½
[31]

vkSj cs'kd vki rks ¼mUgha ds Hkys ds fy;s½ mUgsa
lh/kh jkg dh rjQ+ cqykrs gSaA
¼lw0&eq&feuwu&23/73½

vkSj cs'kd vki gh fljkrs eqLrd+he dh rjQ+
fgnk;r v+rk Q+jekrs gSaA ¼lw0&'kwjk&42/52½
06& blh rjg vgen jt+k cjsyoh us ,d vkSj

ed+ke ij jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq v+ySfg olYye½
dh 'kkus vd+nl esa xqLrk[k+h dh gS vgen jt+k
us gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ds
fy;s fy[kk fd ^bT+t+r ckv+ns ft+Yyr is yk[kkas
lyke* ¼gnk;d+s cf[+'k'k&l0&134½ tcfd gqtwj
lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye ds fy;s y¶+t+s
ft+Yyr dk bLrsv+eky djuk ;s vki ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dh 'kku esa xqLrk[k+h o
rkSghu gS D;ksafd dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk
bj'kkn Q+jekrk gS %& ^^bT+t+r rks flQZ+ vYykg
ds fy;s gS vkSj jlwy ds fy;s gS vkSj eksfeuksa
ds fy;s gS exj equkfQ+d+hu ¼bl gd+hd+r dks½
tkurs ugha gSa** ¼lw0&equkfQ+dwu&63/8½
07& blh rjg vgen jt+k m+QZ+ vkyk gt+jr us

vYykg rv+kyk dh 'kku esa Hkh xqLrk[k+h dh gS
êYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr* l0&531 ij fy[kk gS
x+t+ok vgt+kc dk okD+v+k gS fd vYykg rv+kyk
[32]
us vius gchc ¼lYyYykgq v+ySfg olYye½ dh

enn Q+jekuk pkgh rks f'kekyh gok dks gqDe
fn;k fd tk vkSj dkfQ+jksa dks usLr o ukcwn dj
ns rks mlus bUdkj dj fn;k vkSj ;s vYykg
rckjd o rv+kyk dh 'kku esa xqLrk[k+h o rkSghu
gS D;ksafd tks gok vYykg ds gqDe ls vYykg
ds cUns vkSj jlwy gt+jr lqyseku v+ySfgLlyke
ds rkcSv+ Fkh rks ;s dSls eqfEdu gS fd oks gok
vYykg rv+kyk ds rkcSv+ u gks tcfd dk;ukr
dk gj ,d t+jkZ vYykg ds gqDe ds rkcSv+ gS
vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh et+hZ ds cxS+j ,d iRrk
Hkh ugha fgyrk vkSj dqy dk;ukr dh gj 'kS%
vYykg rv+kyk d+Ct+s dqnjr esa gS vkSj oks gj
'kS% dk bgkrk fd;s gq;s gS vkSj t+ehuks vkleku
ij mlh dh ckn'kkgr gS vkSj oks gj 'kS% dks
vEjs dqu ls v+ne ls oqtwn esa ykus okyk gS
vkSj flok; ukQ+jeku ftUuksa vkSj bUlkuksa ds
dksbZ Hkh 'kS% mldh uk Q+jekuh ugha djrhA
ckv+t+ yksx vgen jt+k ds fnQ+kv+ eas

dqjku ethn dh lw0&vgt+kc dh vk;r u0&72
dks crkSj nyhy is'k djrs gSa fd ^^cs'kd geus
vekur dks vklekukas vkSj t+ehu vkSj igkM+kas
ij is'k fd;k exj mu lc us mlds ¼cks>½ dks
mBkus ls bUdkj dj fn;k vkSj oks ml ls Mj
x;s vkSj bUlku us mls mBk fy;k** rks oks dgrs
gSa fd t+ehu o vkleku vkSj igkM+kas ij tc
vYykg rv+kyk us vekur ¼;kuh vkv+eky fd&
[33]
usd vkv+eky djksxs rks tUur o cqjs vkv+eky

djksxs rks nkst+[k+½ dks is'k fd;k rks vklekukas o
t+ehuksa vkSj igkM+kas us Hkh rks bUdkj dj fn;k
Fkk vkSj blh rjg gok us Hkh bUdkj dj fn;k
rks blesa x+yr D;k gSA
rks bldk tokc ;s gS fd gok dks gqDe Fkk vkSj

t+ehuks vkleku vkSj igkM+ksa dks is'kd'k dh xbZ
Fkh vkSj is'k d'k vkSj gqDe esa t+ehuks vkleku
dk Q+dZ+ gS elyu gekjs lkeus dbZ rjg dh
pht+as [kkus oxS+jkg dh is'k dh tk;as ge ftls
pkgs [kk yas vkSj ftls pkgs u [kka;sa vkSj gqDe
dk ekv++uk gksrk gS fd [kq'kh gks ;k uk [kq'kh oks
dke djuk gh iM+sxk et+hZ gks ;k u gks ;k [kq'kh
ls ;k xS+j [kq'kh ls djuk gh iM+sxk tSlk fd jc
rv+kyk us lekoh dk;ukr dks gqde fn;k rks oks
nksauksa [kq'kh [kq'kh gkft+j gks x;s&

fQj oks lekoh dk;ukr dh rjQ+ eqrkOotS gqvk
rks oks ¼lc½ /kqvk¡ Fkk lks mlus mls ¼;kuh
vklekuh dqjksZa ls½ vkSj t+ehu ls Q+jek;k fd
rqe nksukas [kq'kh ls vkvks ;k uk [kq'kh ls rks mu
nksukas us dgk fd ge [kq'kh [kq'kh vkrs gSa
¼Lkw0&QqfLlyr&41/11½

oks t+kr fugk;r ckcjdr gS ftlds nLrs dqnjr
[34]
eas ¼reke tgkuksa dh½ ckn'kkgh gS vkSj oks gj

pht+ ij iwjh rjg d+kfnj gSA ¼lw0&eqYd&67/1½

vkleku o t+ehu dh gj pht+ vYykg rv+kyk
dh fefYd;r gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk gj pht+
ij d+kfnj gSA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/284½

vklkekuks o t+ehu vkSj nksukas ds njfe;ku dk
dqy feYd vYykg rv+kyk gh dk gS vkSj oks tks
pkgrk gS isSnk djrk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk gj
pht+ ij d+kfnj gSA ¼lw0&ek;nk&5/17½

cs'kd rqEgkjk jc vYykg gh gS ftlus vklekukas
vkSj t+ehu dks N% jkst+ eas iSnk Q+jek;k fQj oks
v+'kZ dh tkfuc eqrkoTtS gqvk vkSj ftlus lwjt
o pk¡n vkSj nwljs flrkjksa dks iSnk Q+jek;k fd
oks lc rcbZ rkSj ij mlds gqDe ds rkcSv+ gSaA
¼lw0&vkv+jkQ+&7/54½

lwjt vkSj pk¡n dks mlh us Q+jeka cjnkj dj
j[kk gS fd gj ,d eqd+jZjk oD+r rd pyrk gSA
¼lw0&yqd+eku&31/29½
mlh us lwjt vkSj pk¡n dks fut+ke dk ikcan&

[35]
cuk fn;k gS fd gj ,d fev+kn eqv+¸;u ij&

x'r dj jgk gSA ¼lw0&jkv+n&13/2½

vkSj pk¡n dh geus efUt+ys eqd+jZj dj j[kh gSa
;gk¡ rd fd oks ykSV dj iqjkuh Vguh dh rjg
gks tkrk gSA ¼lw0&;klhu&36/39½

u lwjt dh ;s etky fd ¼viuk enkj NksM+dj½
pk¡n dks tk idM+s vkSj u jkr gh fnu ls igys
uewnkj gks ldrh gS vkSj lc vius vius enkj
esa rSjrs fQjrs gSaA ¼lw0&;klhu&36/40½

D;k rw ugha ns[k jgk fd vYykg ds lkeus lc
lTns esa gS lc vklekukas okys vkSj lc tehukas
okys vkSj lwjt o pk¡n vkSj flrkjs vkSj igkM+
vkSj nj[+r vkSj tkuoj vkSj cgqr ls bUlku
HkhA ¼lw0&gt&22/18½
08&vgen
& jt+k cjsyoh dk d+kSy eYQwt+krs vkyk
gt+jr esa jd+e gS fd gt+jr ewlk lqgkx e'kgwj
ettwc Fks vkSj mudk et+kj vgenkckn eas gS
vkSj eSa mu dh ft+;kjr ls eq'kjZQ+ gqvk gw¡ oks
t+ukuk ot+v+ j[krs Fks ;kuh oks fyckl oxS+jkg
t+ukuk igurs Fks ,d ckj 'knhn d+g~r iM+k rks
ckn'kkg o d+kt+h vkSj vdkfcj buds ikl vk;s
[36]
vkSj nqv+k ds fy;s dgk vkSj ;s bUdkj djrs jgs

;gk¡ rd fd mu ykasxkas ds T+;knk v+t+Z djus ij
gt+jr ewlk lqgkx us ,d iRFkj fy;k vkSj nwljs
gkFk dh pwfM+;kas dh rjQ+ yk;s vkSj vkleku dh
tkfuc eq¡g mBkdj dgk fd ckfj'k Hksft;s ;k
viuk lqgkx yhft;s gt+jr dk ;s dguk Fkk fd
?kVk,as igkM+ dh rjg meM+h vkSj ty Fky Hkj
x;sA ¼eYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr&lQ+kg&278½
09& blh fdrkc ds vxys lQ+k ij fy[kk gS fd

,d fnu gt+jr ewlk lqgkx uekts+ tqekv+ ds
oD+r ckt+kj eas tk jgs Fks vkSj b/kj 'kgj d+kt+h
tkek efLtn dks tk jgs Fks rks mUgas ns[kdj dgk
fd ;s t+ukuk fyckl enksZ dks gjke gS blfy;s
vki enkZuk fyckl igusa vkSj uekt+ ds fy;s
pysa bl ij mUgksaus bUdkj u fd;k vkSj pwfM+;k¡
t+soj vkSj t+ukuk fyckl mrkj fn;k vkSj 'kgj
d+kt+h ds lkFk efLtn dks py fn;s tc beke
us rdchjs rgjhek dgh vYykgq vdcj ;s lqurs
gh gt+jr ewlk lqgkx dh gkyr cny xbZ vkSj
Q+jek;k vYykgq vdcj esjk [k+kfoUn ,slk ft+Unk
gS fd dHkh u ejsxk vkSj ;s eq>s csok fd;s nsrs
gSa vkidk ;s dguk Fkk fd lj ls ik¡o rd ogh
lq[k+Z fyckl Fkk vkSj ogh pwfM+;k¡A
¼eYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr&lQ+kg&279½
ev+kt+ vYykg vLrx+fQ+jqYykg vgen jt+k

us ewlk lqgkx dks vYykg dh choh cuk fn;k&
[37]
tcfd vYykg rv+kyk choh o cPpksa ls ikd o

equT+t+kg gS vgen jt+k us vYykg rv+kyk dh
'kku eas v+t+he xqLrk[k+h vkSj rkSghu dh gSA
10& vgen jt+k cjsych us vius ejus ls igys

tks olhv+r dh oks fdrkc dh 'kDy eas eqjRrc
dh xbZ bl fdrkc eas fy[kk gS jt+k gqlSu vkSj
rqe lc eqgCcr o bfRrQ+kd+ ls jgks vkSj gRry
bedku bRrsckv+s 'kjhv+r u NksM+kas vkSj esjk nhu
o et+gc tks esjh dqrqc ls t+kfgj gS ml ij
et+cwrh ls d+k;e jguk gj Q+t+Z ls vg~e Q+tZ+
gS vYykg rkSQ+hd+ nsA ¼olk;k 'kjhQ+&lQ+k&16½
vgen jt+k ds rchc jt+k gqlSu Fks tks budk
bykt djrs FksA
et+dwjk b+ckjr ds ,rjkt+ ds tokc eas vgen

jt+k ds iSjksdkj dgrs gSa fd d+cz eas eqnkZ Q+fj'rkas
ds tokc esa dgrk gS fd esjk nhu bLyke gS rks
vgen jt+k us D;k x+yr dgk rks bldk tokc
;s gS fd d+cz eas eqnkZ dgrk gS fd esjk nhu
bLyke gS tcfd vgen jt+k us flQ+Z esjk nhu
dgk gS bLyke ugha dgk gS vkSj esjs nhu o esjs
et+gc ij et+cwrh ls d+k;e jguk gj Q+t+Z ls
vg~e Q+tZ+ gS cfYd bUgksaus viuk [kqn dk nhu
t+kfgj fd;k gS tks fd 'kjbZ ,rckj ls ckfry
vkSj dq¶+j o f'kdZ gSA
11& dUtqy bZeku ¼rtqZek&,&dqjku½ vgen jt+k

[38]
cjsyoh us dqjku ethn rtqZek fd;k vkSj blds

rtqZes ds lkFk eqRrfly r¶+lhj ekSyoh ubZeqn~nhu
eqjknkcknh dh gS vkSj vkf[k+j esa dbZ mUokukr
ij eq'rfey ,d Q+sgfjLr ubZeqn~nhu eqjknkcknh
us eqjRrc dh ftlds ,d m+uoku ds rgr fy[kk
fd ^^vfEc;k o vkSfy;k nwj ls lqurs vkSj enn
djrs gSa** vkSj bl m+uoku ds t+Sy eas lwjg&
vkv+jkQ+ dh vk;r u0&17 dks is'k fd;k vkSj
bl vk;r dk rv+kYyqd+ vfEc;k o vkSfy;k ls
dj fn;k tks fd vfEc;k o vkSfy;k dh 'kku eas
ljhg xqLrk[k+h o rkSghu gS tcfd bl vk;r dk
rv+kYyqd+ 'kSrku ybZu o mlds fxjksg ls gS%&

^,s vkSykns vkne ¼dgha½ rqEgas 'kSrku fQ+Rus eas u
Mky ns tSls mlus rqEgkjs ek¡ cki dks tUur ls
fudky fn;k vkSj muls mudk fyckl mrjôk
fn;k rkfd mUgas mudh 'keZxkg fn[kk ns cs'kd
oks [kqn o mldk d+chyk rqEgas ¼,slh ,slh txgkas
ls½ ns[krk jgrk gS tgk¡ ls rqe mUgas ugha ns[k
ldrs*A ¼lw0&vkv+jkQ+&7/17½
vfEc;k o vkSfy;k dks 'kSrku dguk vkSj 'kSrku

ds fxjksg esa 'kkfey djuk ;s vfEc;k o vkSfy;k
dh ljhg xqLrk[k+h o rkSghu gS gkyk¡fd vgys
lqUur dk ;s v+d+hnk gS fd vfEc;k o vkSfy;k
nwj ls lqurs vkSj enn djrs gSa tks fd dqjku o
vgknhl ds eqLrun nykby ls ;s lkfcr gSA
[39]
exj ;gk¡ dqjku dh bl vk;r dh x+yr rkohy

djds vkSfy;k o vfEc;k dk nwj ls lquuk vkSj
enn djuk d+rv+u nqjLr ugha gS D;kasfd dqjku
dh bl vk;r dk ljkgru rv+kYyqd+ 'kSrku o
mlds fxjksg ls gSA
ckv+t+ yksx ubZeqn~nhu eqjknkcknh ds fnQ+kv+ eas

dgrs gSa fd gj bUlku ls x+yrh dk bEdku gS
rks bldk tokc ;s gS fd dUtqy bZeku ¼rtqZek&
,&dqjku½ dh b'kkv+r dbZ eqf[+rfyQ+ edkfrc ls
deks c'
s k iPkkl lkykas ls erq okfrj gks jgh gS rks
fQj vkt rd mldh bruh cMh+ xy + rh o rkgS hus
vfEc;k o vkfSy;k dh nj q Lrxh D;kas ugha dh xbZ
12& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us gnk;ds+ cf[+'k'k ftYn

rhu ¼3½ eas mEeqy eqvfeuhu vk;'kk fln~nhd+k
¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ dh 'kku eas xqLrk[k+h
vkSj rkSghu dh gS vgen jt+k us fy[kk ^^rax o
pqLr mudk fyckl vkSj oks tkScu dk mHkkj
eqLdh tkuh gS d+Cck lj ls dej rd ysdj ;s
QVk iM+rk gS tkScu fejs fny dh lwjr fd gq;s
tkrs gSa tkek ls cjksa lhuk vks cj**A
¼gnk;d+s cf[+'k'k&lQ+gk&37½
bl fdrkc dh rkcv+r 1325 fg0 lu 1907 eas

gqbZ ¼fdrkc&Q+kft+ys cjsyoh m+Yek;s fgtkt+ dh
ut+j esas l0&96½ ¼ekSykuk eqgEen egcwc v+yh
tks cjsyoh elyd Fks oks dgrs gSa fd d+lhnk&
[40]
enkfg;k gt+jr mEeqy eqfeuhu vk;'kk fln~nhd+k

¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½ vkSj lkr v'kvkj
d+lhnk mEes t+jkv+ okys tks fd eqlfUuQ+ gt+jr
vYykek ¼vgen jt+k½ cjsyoh us iqjkuh d+yeh
ckslhnk c;kt+ ls fugk;r gh bgfr;kr ds lkFk
ud+y fd;s gSA ¼fdrkc&Q+Slyk eqd+n~nek&l0&7½
¼eqlfUuQ+&ekSykuk eqgEen v+t+ht+qjZgeku½
¼c;kt+ dk ekv+u+k&lQ+snh] mtkyk iu] vkSj oks
fdrkc ftleas v'kvkj fy[krs gSa½
13& eYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr esa fy[kk gS gkfQ+tqy

gnhl l¸;nh vgen ds nks chfo;k¡ Fkha gt+jr
l¸;nh vgen ls gt+jr l¸;nh xk+Slqy oD+r
v+Cnqy v+t+ht+ us Q+jek;k fd jkr dks rqeus ,d
choh ds tkxrs gq;s nwljh choh ls ge fcLrjh
dh ;s ugha djuk pkfg;s Fkk rks l¸;nh vgen
us v+tZ+ fd;k fd gqtwj oks ml oD+r lksrh Fkh
rks gt+jr v+Cnqy v+t+ht+ us Q+jek;k oks lksrh u
Fkh cfYd mlus lksrs eas tku Mky yh Fkh ;kuh
lksrh gqbZ cu xbZ Fkh rks l¸;nh vgen us v+tZ+
fd;k gqtwj vkidks fdl rjg b+Ye gqvk rks
vkius Q+jek;k tgk¡ oks lks jgh Fkh rks ogk¡
dksbZ vkSj Hkh iyax [kkyh Fkk l¸;nh vgen us
v+tZ+ fd;k th gk¡ ,d iyax [kkyh Fkk rks vkius
Q+jek;k ml ij eSa Fkk vkSj fdlh Hkh oD+r 'ks[k+
vius eqjhn ls tqnk ugha gksrk gj oD+r mlds
lkFk jgrk gSA
¼eYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr&fgLlk&2 lQ+gk&234½
[41]
tcfd ;s [kqyh csg;kbZ vkSj cs'kehZ dh bfUrgka gS

vkSj e'kkb[ks+ bt+ke dh csvnch o rkSghu gS fd
'ks[k+ vius eqjhn dks mldh choh ls ge fcLrjh
ds oD+r ns[krk gSA
14& vgdkes 'kjhv+r ds lQ+k&9 ij fy[kk gS fd

vgen jt+k dh tqcku o d+ye uqd+rk cjkcj
Hkh [k+rk djs bldks ukeqfEdu Q+jeka fn;k gS
tcfd x+yrh ;k [k+rk dk bEdku vfEc;k fdjke
ls lkfcr gS gt+jr vkne v+ySfgLlyke o uwg
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ oxS+jkg ls x+yrh ;k [k+rk lkfnj
gqbZ gS rks fQj vgen jt+k cjsyoh ls x+yrh ;k
[k+rk dk u gksuk uk eqfEdu dSls gks ldrk gS
gt+jr bczkghe ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dk d+kSy eqckjd
dqjku ethn esa dqN bl rjg ft+Ø gqvk gS fd
mlh ¼vYykg½ ls eSa mEehn j[krk gw¡ fd oks esjh
[k+rk eqv+kQ+ Q+jeka nsxkA ¼lw0&'kqv+jk&26/82½
vgen jt+k dh y¶+t+h o ekv+uoh x+yrh blh

fdrkc eas ekStwn gS vgdkes 'kjhv+r l0&113
ij bUgksaus dqjku dh vk;r ds y¶+t+ dks rCnhy
fd;k vkSj ekv+uk Hkh rCnhy fd;k gS ;kuh
vgen jt+k us dqjku dh vk;r dh rgjhQ+ dh
gS lw0&vgt+kc dh vk;r u0 36 esa fy[kk gS
^^feu vfEjfge** vkSj vgen jt+k cjsyoh us
^^feu vfEjfge** dh txg ^^feu vUQqflfge**
fy[kk vkSj blh vUQqflfge dk rtqZek Hkh fy[kk
;kuh ^viuh tkuks dk* tcfd dqjku dh vk;r&
[42]
ds eqrkfcd+ ;gk¡ feu vfEjfge fy[kuk pkkfg;s

Fkk ftldk rtZqek ^^vius dkeksa esa** ;k ^^vius
eqv+keys eas** gksuk pkfg;s FkkA
vkSj lwjg&'kqv+jk dh et+dwjk vk;r dk rtqZek

Hkh x+yr fd;k gS bl vk;r esa y¶+t+ ^[k+rhvrh*
gS ftldk ekv+uk gS ^êsjh [k+rk** tks fd okfgn
eqrkdfYye lhx+k gS vkSj vgen jt+k us rtZqek
tekv+ dk fd;k gS ;kuh ^êsjh [k+rk;sa** vgen
jt+k us gt+jr bczkghe ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dh [k+rk
dks [k+rk;sa cuk fn;k vkSj [kqn dks cs[k+rk crk;k
;kuh bl rjg rks ev+kt+ vYykg vgen jt+k
bczkghe ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ls Hkh vQ+t+y gks x;sA
15& vgen jt+k us dqjku dh rgjhQ+ dh vkSj

dqjku dh rgjhQ+ djuk dq¶+j gS vy eYQwt+
lQ+k&291 ij fy[kk gS tc fQ+jv+kSu Mwcus yxk
rks cksyk ^^vkeUrw fcYyt+h vkeur fcfg cuw
bljkbyk** tcfd dqjku dh vk;r bl rjg gS
^^vkeUrq vUugq yk bykgk bYyYyt+h vkeur
fcgh cuw bljkbyk ok vuk feuy eqfLyehu**
;kuh eSa ml ij bZeku ys vk;k fd dksbZ ekv+cwn
ugha flok;s ml ¼ekv+cwn½ ds ftl ij cuh&
bZljkbZy bZeku yk;s gSaA ¼lw0&;quwl&10/90½
16& vgen jt+k cjsyoh viuh fdrkc vgdkes

'kjhv+r eas nk<+h ds eqrkv+fYyd+ ,d lqoky ds
tokc esa fy[krs gSa fd nk<+h eq¡<+kus o drjôkus
[43]
okyk Q+kfld+ gS mls beke cukuk xqukg gS Q+tZ+

gks ;k rjkohg fdlh uekt+ eas mls beke cukuk
tkbt+ ugha gnhl eas ml ij x+t+c vkSj bjknk
d+Ry oxS+jkg dh obZn okfjn gSa o dqjku ethn
eas ml ij ykv+ur gSA ¼vgdkes 'kjhv+r&190½
tcfd gnhl ikd eas ,slk dksbZ ft+Ø ugha feyrk

fd ml ij x+t+c o bjknk d+Ry dh obZnas okfjn
gqbZa gksa vkSj u dqjku eas nk<+h eq<+okus okys ;k
drjôkus okys ij ykv+ur Q+jekbZ XkbZ gks ;s
vgen jt+k dk dqjkuks gnhl ij >wB ck¡/kuk gS
vkSj dqjku ij >wB ck¡/kuk dq¶+j gS vkSj >wBh
gnhlas c;ku djuk Hkh xqukgs v+t+he gSA

v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vkf[k+j t+ekus
eas ,sls yksx iSnk gkasxs tks rqels oks gnhlas c;ku
djasxs ftudks u rqeus lquk gksxk u rqEgkjs cki
nknkvkas us rks muls cprs jguk ,slk u gks fd
oks rqEgas xqejkg dj nas vkSj vkQ+r eas Mky nsaA
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/41-g0&16½
gt+jr ekSyk v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fcyk 'kqck ftlus
eq> ij >wB cksyk oks tgUuqe eas nkf[k+y gksxkA
¼eqfLye&1/57-g0&1½¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&1/148-g0&106½
[44]

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftlus d+lnu eq> ij
>wB oksyk oks vkx es viuk fBdkuk cuk yasA
¼eqfLye&lgh&1/57g0&-2½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&5/672-g0&6197½
17& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us vgdkes 'kjhv+r esa

fy[kk fd d+;ker ds fnu 'kkus lRrkjh tyok
Qj+ ek;x
s h vkj
S ykx
s viuh viuh ek¡vksa dh rjQ+
fuLcr djds iqdkjs tk;asxsA
¼vgdkes 'kjhv+r&lQ+kg&204½
tcfd gnhl ikd eas gS gt+jr vcw njnk

¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls ejôh gS fd gqtwj
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k
fd rqe yksx d+;ker ds fnu vius vkSj vius
vkck ¼cki½ ds ukekas ls iqdkjs tkvksxs rks rqe
vius uke vPNs vPNs j[kk djksA
rks vgen jt+k us ;s >wB cksyk gS vkSj ;s gqtwj

¼lYyYykgq v+ySfg olYye½ ij >wB dh rqger
gS vkSj gqtwj dh ckr dks >qBykuk dq¶+j gSA
ckv+t+ yksx et+dwjk vgdkes 'kjhv+r dh

b+ckjr ds eqrkv+fYyd+ vgen jt+k dk fnQ+kv+
djrs gq;s lwjg&cuh bZljkbZy dh vk;r u0&71
[45]
dh ,d r¶+lhj dk gokyk nsrs gSa fd bl vk;r

eas y¶+ts+ beke ls eqjkn ek¡ gS rks vgen jt+k
us dksbZ x+yrh ugha dh gS tcfd fdlh eqQ+fLlj
dk d+kSy gnhl ij d+oh vkSj eqd+n~ne ugha gksrk
vkSj bl vk;r dh vDlj eqqQ+fLljhu us tks
r¶+lhj dh gS mueas y¶+t+s beke ls eqjkn ek¡ dks
ugha fy;k gS eSa vk;r vkSj r¶+lhj nkasukas dks
rgjhj dj jgk gw¡ vki eqykfgt+k Q+jek;as vkSj
[kqn QS+lyk djas fd lgh D;k gS o x+yr D;k gS

oks fnu ¼;kn djsa½ tc ge yksxkas ds gj rcd+s
dks muds is'kok ds lkFk cqyk;asxs lks ftldks
mldk ukek vkv+eky nk;as gkFk eas fn;k tk;sxk
il ;s yksx viuk ukek vkv+eky i<+sxs vkSj
mu ij /kkxs cjkcj Hkh tqYe ugha gksxkA
¼lw0&cuh bZljkbZy&17/71½
d+;ker ds fnu tc fd ge reke bUlkukas dks

muds vfEc;k fdjke ds lkFk ;k ;s fd muds
ukek vkv+eky ds lkFk ;k ;s fd muds nkv+ors
fgnk;r nsus okys ;k nkv+ors xqejkgh nsus okys
ds lkFk feyk nasxsA ¼r¶+lhj bCus v+Cckl&2/195½
bj'kkn Q+jek;k fd ;kn djks ftl fnu ge gj

tekv+r dks mlds beke ds lkFk cqyk;asxs ftldh
nqfu;k¡ eas oks iSjôh djrk Fkk gt+jr v+CnqYykg
fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ us&
[46]
Q+jek;k blls eqjkn oks is'kok gSa ftldh nkv+or

ij nqfu;k¡ eas yksx pysA
¼r¶+lhj fljkrqy ftuku&5/491½
gj bUlku dks ¼jc rv+kyk½ viuh ckjxkg eas

nqfu;kaoh vkv+eky ds fglkc o fdrkc ds fy;s
mlds is'kok vkSj eqD+rnk ds uke ls ;k mlds
lkFk fd oks nqfu;k¡ eas is'kok] jguqek cuus okyk
Hkh lkFk gksxk [+okg dkfQ+j gks ;k eksfeu] eqf'kZn
gks ;k xqejkg] usd gks ;k cn beke ds ckjas eas
eqQ+fLljhus fdjke ds lkr vd+oky gSa ,d ;s
fd beke ls oks 'k[+l eqjkn gS ftlds ihNs yksx
pysa] nwljk ;s fd vfEc;k fdjke eqjkn gSa rhljk
;s fd oks et+gch fdrkc eqjkn gS ftldks nqfu;k¡
eas ekuk pkSFkk ;s fd v+d+hnk d+Ych gS ik¡pok¡ ;s
fd vkv+eky eqjkn gSa NVk d+kSy ;s fd beke ls
eqjkn mEe gS ;kuh okfynk ds uke ls iqdkjk
tk;sxk elyu gt+jr Q+kfrek t+gjk dh vkSykn
oxS+jkg oxS+jkg lk¡rok ;s fd v[k+ykd+ o vknkr
eqjkn gSa ¼r¶+lhj ubZeh&ft0&15/lQ+kg&311,312½
eqtkfgn vkSj d+rknk dk c;ku gS fd beke ls

eqjkn gj mEer ds uch gSa vcw lkysg o t+gkd
dk d+kSy gS fd fdrkcs bykgh eqjkn gS oks fdrkc
tks gj mEer dks nh xbZ] vkSj glu o vcqy
v+kfy;k dk d+kSy gS fd beke ls eqjkn bUlku
ds oks vkv+eky gSa tks ft+Unxh eas bUlku igys
gh Hkst nsrk gSA ¼r¶+lhj cx+oh&3/366½
[47]
beke bCus vch 'kSck us gt+jr bCus v+Cckl

¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls ^^;kSek unÅ+
dqYyk mukfle fc bekfefge** ds rgr fjok;r
fd;k gS fd ge cqyk;asxs reke bUlkukas dks muds
beke ds lkFk ;kuh fgnk;r ds is'kok o xqejkgh
ds is'kok ds lkFk vkSj beke bCus vch gkfre
us rkjh[k+ eas gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r fd;k fd bl vk;r eas beke
ls eqjkn mudk uch gSSA ¼nqjsZ eUlwj&4/510½
beke ls eqjkn ;gk¡ uch gS gj mEer d+;ker

ds fnu vius vius uch ds lkFk cqykbZ tk;sxhA
¼r¶+lhj bCus dlhj&15/64½
vkSj vk;r dk eQ+gwe ;gh gS fd gj d+kSe dks

mlds uch ds uke ls cqyk;k tk;sxk fd Qqyka
uch dh d+kSe vk;s ;k Qqyka uch dh mEer vk;s
¼r¶+lhj dchj&17/366½
tc ge reke bUlkuksa dks muds is'kokvksa ds

lkFk cqyk;saxs ¼;kuh vfEc;k lesr½ pqukapk Qqyak
dh mEer dgdj iqdkjk tk;sxk ;k vkv+eky
ukes eqjkn gSa ¼r¶+lhj dekySu&3/341 ½
beke ls gj oks eqjkn gS ftldh mUgksaus bfD+rnk

dh gksxh [+okg oks iSx+Ecj gksa] nhu ds eqd+nn~e
gksa] fdrkc gks ;k blls vkv+eky eqjkn gSaA
¼r¶+lhj enkfjd&2/428½
[48]
d+rknk Q+jekrs gSa beke ls eqjkn muds uch gSa

vcw lkysg vkSj t+gkd Q+jekrs gSa beke ls
eqjkn oks fdrkc gS tks mudh rjQ+ ukft+y dh
xbZ Fkh gt+jr v+yh ¼jft+vYykgq rvkyk v+Ugq½
ls fjok;r gS gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rvkyk v+ySg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k d+kSe dks vius beke vkSj
muds jc dh fdrkc ds lkFk cqyk;k tk;sxkA
¼r¶+lhj&et+gjh&5/535½
muesa ls gj bUlku dks ml fdrkc ds lkFk

cqyk;k tk;sxk ftlesa mlds lkFk v+ey gksaxs
vkSj bCus t+Sn us dgk gS blls eqjkn mu ij
ukft+y dh xbZ fdrkc gS gt+jr eqtkfgn us dgk
fd ^^fc bekfefge ls eqjkn mUgsa vius uch ds
lkFk iqdkjk tk;sxkA ¼r¶+lhj&dqjrch&5/720,721½
;gk¡ beke ls eqjkn gj mEer dk uch gS ;k

bl ls eqjkn fdrkcsa vklekuh gSaA
¼r¶+lhj&#gqy c;ku&3/217½
18& vgen jt+k ls ,d 'k[+l us lqoky fd;k

fd D;k ftUukr o ijh Hkh eqlyeku gksrs gSa rks
bl lqoky ds tokc eas vgen jt+k us dgk fd
,d ijh eq'kjZQ+ ck bLyke gqbZ vkSj oks vDlj
f[k+ners vd+nl eas gkft+j gqvk djrh Fkh ,d
ckj v+jlk rd gkft+j u gqbZ tc gkft+j gqbZ rks
mlls lcc nj;k¶+r Q+jek;k v+t+Z dh gqtwj esjs
,d v+t+ht+ dk fgUnqLrku eas bfUrd+ky gks x;k&
[49]
Fkk eSa ogk¡ xbZ Fkh rks jkg esa eSaus ns[kk fd ,d
igkM+ ij bCyhl uekt+ i<+ jgk gS eSaus mldh
ubZ ckr ns[k dj dgk fd rsjk dke rks uekt+
ls x+kfQ+y dj nsuk gS rks rw [kqn dSls uekt+ i<+
jgk gS mlus dgk fd 'kk;n vYykg rv+kyk esjh
uekt+ dqcwy Q+jek;s vkSj eq>s c[+'k nsA
¼vy eYQwt+&43 o eYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr&64½
tcfd drqcs vgknhl eas ,slh dksbZ gnhl ekStwn

ugha gS vgen jt+k cjsyoh us gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ij >wB x<+k gS ;kuh
>wBh gnhl c;ku dh gS vkSj >wBh gnhl c;ku
djus okys ij vgknhl eqckjdk esa l[+r obZn
vk;h gS gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftlus eq> ij
>wB x<+k ;k >wBh gnhl c;ku dh rks oks viuk
fBdkuk tgUuqe eas cuk ysA
19& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us vy eYQwt+ eas ,d

lqoky ds tokc eas fy[kk fd ljv+k ¼fexhZ dk
etZ+½ cgqr [k+chl cyk gS bldks mEeqy flc;ku
dgrs gSa vxj cPpkas dks gks] ojuk fexhZ rtqjck
ls lkfcr gvk gS fd vxj 25 cjl ds vUnj
vUnj gksxh rks mEehn gS fd tkrh jgsxh vkSj
vxj 25 cjl ds ckn gqbZ rks vc u tk;sxh gk¡
fdlh oyh dh djker ;k rkv+oht+ ls tkrh jgs
rks vEjs vkf[k+j gS ;s gd+hd+r eas 'kSrku gS tks
bUlku dks lrkrk gS gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk&
[50]
v+ySfg olYye½ ds njckj eas ,d v+kSjr viuh

yM+dh dks yk;h vkSj v+t+Z dh fd lqcg 'kke ;s
el#v+k gks tkrh gS ¼;kuh bl yM+dh ij lqcg
'kke fexhZ ds nkSjs iM+rs gSa½ rks gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us mldks d+jhc fd;k
vkSj fQj mlds lhus ij gkFk ekjdj Q+jek;k
^^m[+jqt v+nqOoYykfg vuk jlwyqYykfg** ;kuh fd
fudy ,s [kqnk ds nq'eu eSa vYykg dk jlwy gw¡
mlh oD+r mls dS% vk;h vkSj ,d fl;kg pht+
tks pyrh Fkh mlds isV ls fudyh vkSj x+k;c
gks xbZ vkSj oks v+kSjr gks'k eas vkbZA
¼vy eyQwt+ fgLlk lkse lQ+kg&311½
gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½

dh t+krs vd+nl r¸;c o rkfgj vkSj reke
m+;wc o uqdwl ls ikd o equT+t+kg gS rks gqtwj
ds eqrkv+fYyd+ ;s dguk fd vkius fdlh v+kSjr
ds lhus ij gkFk ekjk ;s vki lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ dh t+krs ikd eas rqger vkSj
'kkus vd+nl eas xqLrk[k+h o rkSghu vkSj dq¶+j gS
et+dwjk b+ckjr ls ;s ckr okts+g gS fd oks toku
v+kSjr Fkh pwafd bleas fy[kk gS 25 cjl ds ckn
;s chekjh ugha tkrh gk¡ vxj fdlh oyh dh
djker ls tk ldrh gS blh ft+eu ls gqtwj
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ds eqv+ftts+
dh felky d+k;e dh vkSj ,d ed+ke ij y¶+ts+
v+kSjr dk ft+Ø gS fd oks v+kSjr gks'k eas vkbZ&
[51]
tcfd gnhl ikd eas v+kSjr ugha cfYd yM+ds

dk rt+fdjk gS gt+jr bCus v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq
rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ Q+jekrs gSa fd ,d v+kSjr vius
yM+ds dks ysdj gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ dh f[k+ners vd+nl esa gkft+j gqbZ vkSj
v+tZ+ fd;k ;k jlwyYykg esjs csVs dks ikxy iu
ds nkSjs iM+rs gSa rks gqtwj us ml yM+ds ds lhus
ij viuk gkFk eqckjd Qsjk vkSj nqv+k dh rks
ml yM+ds dks d+S% gqbZ vkSj mlds isV ls dkys
jax dh dksbZ pht+ fudyh tks nkSM+rh FkhA
¼fe'dkr&3/204-g0&5669½
gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu v+Cckl ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugqek½ ls ejôh gS ljôjs dk;ukr
us Q+jek;k fd ,d v+kSjr vius csVs dks ysdj
gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ dh f[k+ner eas gkft+j gqbZ
vkSj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyYykg esjs bl csVs dks
ftUu fpeVk gqvk gS vkSj oks bls gekjs nksigj
vkSj 'kke ds [kkus ds oD+r idM+ ysrk gS vkSj
geas viuh [k+cklr ¼ukikdh] xUnxh] cqjkbZ] o
cn ckfruh o 'kjkjr½ ls rax djrk gS rks gqtwj
us mlds lhus ij viuk nLrs vd+nl Qsjk vkSj
nqv+k dh rks ml cPps us dS+% dh rks oks ftUu
mlds isV ls fl;kg fiYys dh rjg nkSM+rk gqvk
fudy x;kA ¼nkjeh&lquu&1/75-g0&19½
¼rcjkuh&eqv+te dchj&712/57-g0&12460½
¼eqLun vgen&2/130-g0&2288½
[52]
20& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us Q+rkok fjt+fo;k esa

fy[kk fd reke vly v'k;k eas rgkjr gS gRrk
fd f[kathj D;ksafd euh [kwu ls cuh vkSj [kwu
fx+t+k ls cuk vkSj fx+t+k v+ukflj ls ¼vlyh
vtt+k ;k vly cqfu;kn½ ls vkSj v+ukflj ikd
gSaA ¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&4/441½
tcfd vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk dqjku ethn

esa bj'kkn Q+jekrk gS %&
vki Q+jeknas fd esjh rjQ+ tks ogh Hksth xbZ gS
mleas rks eSa fdlh ¼Hkh½ [kkus okys ij ¼,slh
pht+ dks½ ftls oks [kkrk gks gjke ugha ikrk
flok;s blds fd oks eqnkZj gks ;k cgrk gqvk
[kwu gks ;k lqvj dk xksLr gks D;kasfd ;s ukikd
gSaA ¼lw0&vuv+ke&6/145½
21& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us fy[kk fd vkLrhu eas

dqRrs dk cPpk gS ;k cM+k dqRrk gS rks bl gkyr
eas uekt+ tkbt+ gS c'krsZ mldk eq¡g ca/kk gksA
¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&4/411,421,453½
tcfd ?kj ds vUnj dqRrk j[kuk tkbt+ ugha

gS vkSj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg o
vkfyfg olYye½ us ?kj esa dqRrk j[kus dh l[+r
eqekfu;r Q+jekbZ vkSj gqtwj ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ us
flok; rhu vlckc ds dqRrk ikyus ls eukv+
Q+jek;k gS rks fQj dqRrs ds lkFk uekt+ tSlh
v+t+he b+cknr dSls tkbt+ gks ldrh gS pqukapk&
[53]
gnhl ikd esa gS%&

ls fjok;r gS fd gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd f'kdkj
;k [ksr ;k fQj tkuojksa dh fgQ+kt+r ds v+ykok
ftlus dqRrk ikyk rks mldh usfd;ksa esa ls ,d
d+hjkr lokc jkst+ ?kVk;k tk;sxkA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/503-g0&3324½
¼eqfLye&lgh&4/200-g0&4023½
¼fulkbZ&lquu&3/233-g0&4295½
gt+jr vcw rYgk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ftl ?kj esa
dqRrk ;k rLohj ¼tkunkj½ gks ml ?kj esa Q+fj'rs
nkf[k+y ugha gksrsA
¼eqfLye&lgh&5/305-g0&5514½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/498-g0&2105½
mEeqy eksfeuhu vk;'kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugk½ Q+jekrha gSa fd gt+jr ftcjbZy
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ us jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ ls ,d oD+r vkus dk okv+nk
fd;k exj fQj tc oks oD+r vk;k rks ftcjbZy
[54]
¼v+ySfgLlyke½ ugha vk;s rks vki ¼lYyYykgq

rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftcjbZy
dHkh okv+nk f[k+ykQ+h ugha djrs gSa fQj vki us
ns[kk fd ,d dqRrs dk fiYyk r[+r ds rys cSBk
gS fQj vkids gqDe ls dqRrs ds fiYys dks ckgj
fudkyk x;k mlh oD+r ftcjbZy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½
vk;s rks vki lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye
us nj;k¶+r Q+jek;k fd ,s ftcjbZy rqeus vkus
dk okv+nk fd;k Fkk fQj D;ksa ugha vk;s rks fQj
ftcjbZy ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ us vt+Z fd;k fd ge
ml ?kj esa nkf[k+y ugha gksrs ftl ?kj esa dqRrk
;k rLohj ¼tkunkj½ gks
¼eqfLye&lgh&5/304-g0&5511½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/464-g0&3227½
22& vgen jt+k us fy[kk fd dqRrs ds nk¡r ikd

gSa vkSj vkneh ds ukikd D;kasfd dqRrs dks ft+Cgk
fd;k tk ldrk gS exj vkneh dks ugha vkSj
ft+Cgk ds lkFk oks ikd gks tkrk gSA
¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&4/422½
23&cgkjs 'kjhv+r fgLlk nkse utklrkas dk c;ku

utklrksa ds eqrkv+fYyd+ vgdke elyk u0&17
lQ+k u0&391 ij vetn v+yh fy[krs gSa fd&
penkxM+ dh chV vkSj is'kkc nksukas ikd gSaA
[55]
rks bldk tokc ;s gS dqy e[k+ywd+kr esa lcls

vQ+t+y o vjQ+kv+ o vkv+yk gqtwj uch djhe
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dh t+krs
vd+nl gS D;ksafd vki ljkik uwj gSa vkSj fQj
tqeyk e[k+ywd+kr esa bUlku v'kjQ+qy e[k+ywd+ gS
vkSj c'kjh ,rckj ls reke mEerksa esa lcls
vQ+t+y vkSj csgrjhu mEer gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ dh mEer gS
;kuh eqlyeku gSaA

¼,s eqlyekuks½ geus rqEgsa csgrj mEer cuk;k
rkfd rqe yksxksa ij xokg cuks vkSj ¼gekjk ;s
cjxt+hnk½ jlwy rqe lc ij xokg gksA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/143½

rqe csgrjhu mEer gks tks ¼fd½ lc yksxksa ¼dh
jguqekbZ½ ds fy;s t+kfgj dh xbZ gS rqe HkykbZ
dk gqDe nsrs gks vkSj cqjkbZ ls eukv+ djrs gks
vkSj vYykg ij bZeku j[krs gksA
¼lw0&vkys bejku&3/110½
rks ekv+ywe gqvk fd tc ge csgrjhu mEer gSa

rks ;s dSls eqfEdu gks ldrk gS fd eqlyeku ds
nk¡r ukikd gksa vkSj dqRrs ds nk¡r ikd gksa vkSj
pexkn<+ dh chV vkSj is'kkc ikd gks tcfd
nj gd+hd+r is'kkc vkSj chV ;s nksauksa utklrsa gSa
[56]
vkSj gj utklr ,d xUnxh gS [+okg utklrs

x+yht+k gks ;k utklrs [k+Q+hQ+k gks vkSj eqlyeku
ds nk¡r ikd gSa dqRrs ds ukikd gSa D;ksafd dqRrs
ds eq¡g dh ykj ukikd gS vkSj mldh ykj nk¡rksa
ls eqRrfly gksrh gS vkSj eqlyeku ds nk¡r ikd
gSa D;ksafd eqlyeku dk >wBk ihuk tkbt+ gS pwafd
jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us dbZ erZck lgkckfdjke dk >wBk nw/k o ljhn
uks'k Q+jek;k tks fl;kg flRrk dh gnhls lghgk
ls lkfcr gSA

c;ku Q+jekrs gSa fd ,d fnu eSa cgqr Hkwdk Fkk
rks gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us
esjs psgjs dks ns[kk vkSj tks dqN esjs eu eas Fkk
eqykfgt+k fd;k vkSj Q+jek;k ,s vcw gqjSjk eSaus
v+tZ+ dh ;k jlwyYykg eSa gkft+j gw¡ fQj vkius
us Q+jek;k fd ,s vcw gqjSjk esjs lkFk vkvks rks
eSa vkids lkFk py iM+k fQj gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ vius ?kj r'kjhQ+ ys
x;s vkSj vkius ¼eq>s vUnj vkus dh½ btkt+r
nh rks esa vUnj vk x;k ogk¡ ,d I;kys eas nw?k
ekStwn Fkk rks vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us viuh vgfy;k ls nj;k¶+r fd;k
fd ;s nw/k rqEgkjs ikl dgk¡ ls vk;k gS mUgksaus
tokc fn;k fd Qqyka us gn~;k Hkstk gS
il gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg&

[57]
olYye½ us Q+jek;k ,s vcw gqjSjk vgys lq¶+Q+k

ds ikl tkvks vkSj mUgsa cqyk ykvks gt+jr vcw
gqjSjk c;ku djrs gSa fd vgys lq¶+Q+k bLyke
ds esgeku Fks mudk dksbZ ?kj ckj o dksbZ eky
tk;nkn oxS+jkg ugha Fkh tc Hkh jlwys vdje
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dh f[k+ner
eas dksbZ ln~d+k vkrk Fkk rks vki mu yksxkas dh
rjQ+ fHktok nsrs Fks vki ml ln~d+s eas fgLlsnkj
ugha curs Fks ysfdu tc vkidh f[k+ner eas dksbZ
rksgQ+k vkrk rks vki mudh rjQ+ fHktok nsrs
vkSj ml rksgQ+s eas muds lkFk fgLlsnkj Hkh gksrs
Fks gt+jr vcw gqjSjk dgrs gSa vYykg dh d+le
eq>s ;s ckr ukilan xqt+jh vkSj eSaus lkspk Hkyk
bruk lk nw/k vgys lq¶+Q+k vkSj esjs vkSj gqtwj
¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ ds fy;s D;k
dke vk;sxk ysfdu eSa pyk x;k eSa mu yksxkas
dks cqyk yk;k
fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg

olYye½ us mUgas vUnj vkus dh btkt+r nh rks
oks yksx vUnj vk x;s vkSj reke yksx viuh
viuh txg ij cSB x;s fQj gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ,s vcw
gqjSjk rqe ;s nw/k dk I;kyk yks vkSj bu yksxkas
dh rjQ+ nks gt+jr vcw gqjSjk dgrs gSa fd eSaus
oks I;kyk ,d 'k[+l dh rjQ+ c<+kuk 'kq# fd;k
fQj tks 'k[+l mls ysrk oks lsj gks tkrk rks eSa
mlls okil ys ysrk vkSj nwljs 'k[+l dh rjQ+
[58]
c<+k nsrk gRrk fd lc yksx lsj gks x;s fQj eSa

uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
ds ikl vk;k rks uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us viuk lj eqckjd mBk;k
vkSj eqLdqjk fn;s fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ,s vcw gqjSjk vc
eSa vkSj rqe ckd+h jg x;s gSSa eSaus v+tZ+ fd;k ;k
jlwyYykg vkius lp Q+jek;k vki ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k rqe bls yks
vkSj bls ih yks blds ckn vkf[k+j eas ckd+h jg
tkus okyk nw/k vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ uks'k Q+jek;k vkSj vius ijôj fnxkj
dh gEn c;ku dh ¼cq[k+kjh-lgh&5/290-g0-5375½
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&6/61-g0&6452½
¼bCus fgCcku&lgh&7/540-g0&6535½
gt+jr leqjkg fcu tqUnqc ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ c;ku djrs gSa fd uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ dh f[k+ners vd+nl esa
,d ljhn ¼;kuh 'kksjcs esa rj dh gqbZ jksVh½ dk
I;kyk is'k fd;k x;k rks oks yksxksa ds lkeus j[kk
x;k rks yksx lqcg ls ysdj nksigj rd ;ds
ckv+n nhxj yksx mlds ikl vkrs jgs vkSj dqN
yksx mBrs rks nwljs vkdj cSB tkrs ,d 'k[+l
us gt+jr leqjkg ls nj;k¶+r fd;k D;k oks c<+
jgk Fkk rks gt+jr leqjkg ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk
v+Ugq½ us Q+jek;k rqEgsa fdl ckr ij gSjkuxh gks
[59]
jgh gS oks flQ+Z ml rjQ+ ls c< jgk Fkk mUgksaus

vius gkFk ds t+fj;s vkleku dh rjQ+ b'kkjk
djds dgkA
¼fe'dkr&3/205-g0&g0&5674½
gt+jr fgt+ke fcu fg'kke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ tc fgtjr
djds eDdk ls enhuk dh rjQ+ j*okuk gq;s rks
vkidk xqt+j mEes ekv+cn ds [kS+es ds ikl ls
gqvk vkSj muls xksLr vkSj [ktwjsa [kjhnus ds
eqrkv+fYyd+ iwNk rks dksbZ Hkh pht+ u fey ldh
fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us [ks+es dh ,d tkfuc ,d cdjh ns[kh tks cgqr
det+ksj Fkh rks vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us ml cdjh ds eqrkv+fYyd+ nj;k¶+r
fd;k rks mEes ekv+cn us v+t+Z dh fd det+ksjh
ds ckbl ;s cdjh jsôM+ esa ugha tk ldrh fQj
vki ¼v+ySfgLlyke½ us Q+jek;k D;k ;s nw/k nsrh
gS mEes ekv+cn us v+tZ+ fd;k fd ;s bl ckr ls
dkslksa nwj gS fQj vki v+ySfgLlyke us Q+jek;k
D;k rqe eq>s bl det+ksj cdjh dk nw/k nqgus
dh btkt+r nsrh gks mUgksaus v+tZ+ dh th gk¡ il
jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us ,d cM+k crZu eaxk;k vkSj ml cdjh ds
Fkuksa esa viuk nLrs eqckjd Qsjk vkSj fQj nqv+k
[60]
Q+jekbZ fQj fcfLeYykg dgdj nqguk 'kq# fd;k

vkSj cdjh us viuh Vk¡xs QSyk nh fd nw/k mrkj
yks fQj oks cM+k crZu nw/k ls bruk Hkj x;k tks
fd cgqr ls yksxksa dks lSjkc dj ns fQj vkius
mEes ekv+cn dks cqyk;k fd oks f'kde lsj gks
xbZa fQj vkius vius vlgkc dks fiyk;k fQj
vkf[k+j esa vkius [kqn uks'k Q+jek;k fQj nksckjk
nw/k fudkyk ;gk¡ rd fd oks crZu Hkj x;k fQj
ml nw/k dks vkius muds ikl NksM+ fn;k vkSj
mUgsa bLyke esa nkf[k+y fd;k fQj vkxs j*okuk
gks x;sA ¼fe'dkr&3/212-g0&5689½
gt+jr bCus elÅ+n ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

c;ku djrs gSa fd eSa tokuh esa m+d+ok fcu vcw
eq,r dh cdfj;k¡ pjk;k djrk Fkk fd ,d fnu
uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
vkSj gt+jr vcw cØ fln~nhd+ esjs ikl r'kjhQ+
yk;s vkSj mUgksaus nj;k¶+r fd;k ,s yM+ds D;k
rqEgkjs ikl nw/k gS eSaus tokc fn;k th gk¡ ysfdu
eSa vehu gw¡ rks vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k esjs ikl dksbZ ,slh cdjh
ys vkvks ftlds lkFk fdlh cdjs us tq¶+rh u
dh gks rks eSa ,d lky dk cdjh dk cPpk ys
vk;k vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us mls idM+k fQj mlds Fku ij viuk gkFk
eqckjd Qsjk vkSj nqv+k dh ;gk¡ rd fd mldk
nw/k mrjus yxk fQj gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us ,d crZu esa nw/k nqg fy;k&
[61]
fQj vkius gt+jr vcw cØ fln~nhd+ jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq ls Q+jek;k fd rqe fi;ks vkSj fQj
gtjr vcw cØ fln~nhd+ us mls ih fy;k fQj
vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us mls
uks'k Q+jek;k vkSj fQj vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us ml Fku ls dgk
fd rqe [kq'd gks tkvks rks oks [kq'd gks x;k
vkSj bl rjg gks x;k ftl rjg igys FkkA
24& vgen jt+k cjsyoh us fy[kk fd ft+Cgk fd;s

x;s dqRrs ;k HksfM+;s dh [kky ij fdlh us uekt+
i<+h rks mldh uekt+ tkbt+ gSA
tcfd uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg

olYye½ us nfjUnksa dh [kkyksa ds bLrsv+eky ls
eukv+ Q+jek;k vkSj tc dqRrs dk [kkuk gjke
gS rks dqRrs dks ft+Cgk gh D;ksa fd;k tk;sxkA

v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd gj
,d nk¡r okys nfjUns dk [kkuk gjke gS ¼;kuh
tks nk¡rkas ls f'kdkj djrk gS tSls 'ksj] HksfM+;k]
dqRrk] fcYyh] ox+SjkgA
[62]
gt+jr vcw eyhg vius okfyn ls fjok;r

djrs gSa fd jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye us nfjUnkas dh [kkykas ¼ds bLrsv+eky½ ls
eukv+ Q+jek;kA ¼fulkbZ&lquu&3/220-g0&4260½
gt+jr fed+nke ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

fjok;r gS gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd enksZa
dk lksuk iguus vkSj phrs dh [kky dk fcNkSuk
cukus ;kuh bLrsv+eky djus ls eukv+ Q+jek;kA
25& enZ uekt+ i<+ jgk gS vkSj v+kSjr us enZ dk

ckslk fy;k rks enZ dh uekt+ Q+kfln ugha gksxh
vxj enZ us uekt+h v+kSjr dk ckslk fy;k rks
v+kSjr dh uekt+ Q+kfln gks tk;sxhA
nkSjkus uekt+ enZ ;k v+kSjr dk ckslk ysuk

fdlh Hkh lwjr tkbt+ ugha gS pwafd ;s uekt+ ds
vknkc ds f[k+ykQ+ gS vkSj oks vEj o Qs+v+y
ftlls uekt+ esa [k+yy okd+Sv+ gks mu dkeksa dks
fdlh Hkh lwjr tkbt+ ugha Bgjk;k tk ldrk
D;ksafd blls uekt+ ds vknkc vkSj [kq'kwv+ o
[kqtwv+ ds Q+kSr gksus dk bEdku gSA

lc uekt+kas dh eqgkfQ+t+r fd;k djks vkSj fcy&
[63]
[kqlwl njfe;kuh uekt+ dh vkSj vYykg ds

gqtwj ljkik vnc o fu;kt+ cu dj d+;ke
fd;k djksA ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/238½

;d+huu oks vgys bZeku Q+ykg ik x;s tks viuh
uekt+kas eas [kq'kwv+ o [kqtwv+ djrs gSaA
¼lw0&eq&feuwu&23/1,2½
nkSjkus uekt+ b/kj m/kj ns[kus vkSj vkleku

dh rjQ+ ns[kus gRrk fd gkyrs nqv+k eas vkleku
dh rjQ+ ns[kus dh l[+r eqekfeu;r Q+jekbZ xbZ
gS rks fQj gkyrs uekt+ eas v+kSjr dk ckslk ysuk
dSls tkbt+ gks ldrk ;gk¡ rd fd gkyrs uekt+
eas tekbZ dks ed+#g d+jkj fn;k x;k vkSj tekbZ
dks gRry bedku jksdus dk gqDe fn;k x;k gSA
gnhl ikd eas gS%&

ls fjok;r gS fd gqtwj lYyYykgq rv+kyk vySfg
olYye us Q+jek;k fd uekt+ eas tekbZ vkuk
'kSrku dh rjQ+ ls gS lks tc fdlh dks tekbZ
vk;s rks mls tgk¡ rd gks lds eq¡g cUn djds
jksdsA ¼frfeZt+h&lquu&1/259-g0&370½
gt+jr vk;'kk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½

Q+jekrh gSa fd eSaus gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ ls ml 'k[+l
[64]
ds eqrkv+fYyd+ nj;k¶+r fd;k tks uekt+ eas b/kj

m/kj ns[krk gS rks vki lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye us Q+jek;k ;s 'kSrku dh ,d >iV gS
blds t+fj;s ls oks rqeeas ls fdlh ,d dh uekt+
mpd ys tkrk gS ;kuh oks uekt+ dks Q+kfln dj
nsrk gSA ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/490-g0&3291½

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd tks yksx gkyrs uekt+
esa vkleku dh rjQ+ ns[krs gSa oks bl gjdr ls
ckt+ vk tk;sa ojuk mudh vk¡[ksa Nhu yh tk;saxha

rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd yksxkas dks
pkfg;s fd oD+rs nqv+k vkleku dh rjQ+ u ns[ksa
ojuk vYykg rv+kyk mudh vk¡[kkas dh chukbZ
[k+Re dj nsxk vkSj ;s gqDe bl otg ls gS fd
ckjxkgs [kqnk oUnh eas ;s gjdr csvnch vkSj
xqLrk[k+h gSA ¼fulkbZ&lquu&1/487-g0&1279½
26& ênkgs vkyk gt+jr* fjlkyk tks jt+oh dqrc

[k+kuk ls 'kk, gqvk gS bl fjlkys ds lQ+kg u0
&43 ij fy[kk gS ^;s nqv+k gS ;s nqv+k gS ;s nqv+k
gS rsjk vkSj lcdk [kqnk vgen jt+k*A
[65]
&% vgen jt+k ds nhxj Q+ros %&

f[k+ykQ+s 'kjv+ ckjkr eas 'kjhd gksuk gjkeA
fdlh f[k+ykQs+ 'kjv+ etfyl eas tkuk o [kkuk

nkukas gh uktkbt+ vxj [kkuk nwljs txg gks rks
ogk¡ Hkh v+kfye o beke dk tkuk uktkbt+A
d+czkas ij m+lZ oxS+jkg djuk uktkbt+ o gjkeA

¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&29/208,209½
efLtn ds gqtjs eas cSBdj rkcht+ x.Ms djuk

uktkbt+ gSA ¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&8/95½
uekt+ u i<+us okyk Q+kfld+A

Q+kfld+ dh rkSghu okftcA

tks 'k[+l ,sykfu;k¡ Q+kfld gks mls lyke nsuk

ed+#g gSA ¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&24/341½
dqRrs dh dksbZ pht+ tSls cky] nk¡r oxS+jkg gkj

eas igudj uekt+ i<+h rks tkbt+A
[66]
vgen jt+k m+QZ+ vkyk gt+jr ,d loky ds

tokc esa fy[krs gSa tks 'k[+l beke vcw guhQ+k
ds fd+;kl dks gd+ u ekus oks dkfQ+j gSA
¼bjQ+kus 'kjhv+r&l0&50 loky u0&23½
;t+hn [k+ohl] ejnwn Fkk exj dkfQ+j o eyÅ+u

gksus eas bf[+rykQ+ gSA ¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&24/509½
dkfQ+jk dks tukbZ cukuk l[+r gjkeA

eq'kfjdk o dkfQ+jk ds lkeus eqlyeku v+kSjr

dk uaxk gksuk tkbt+ ughaA
tks dkfQjkas ;k xS+j eqfLye ds fdlh dke dks

vPNk le>s tSls [kkuk [kkrs oD+r ckrs u djus
;k fQj gkyrs gSt+ eas v+kSjr ds ikl ySVus dks
etwfl;kas vkSj vkfr'k ijLrkas dh vPNh vknr
dgs oks dkfQ+jA ¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&24/531½
vkfr'k ijLrkas dh Vksih iguh [okg lathnxh ;k

galh et+kd eas oks dkfQ+j gks tk;sxkA
¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&24/549,550½
dq¶+Q+kj dh Vksih ;k #eky ml 'kDy eas cukdj

lj ij j[kuk gjke gS vkSj oks dkfQ+j gSA
[67]
tks eq'kfjd ds lkFk jgs oks mlh eq'kfjd dh

ekfuUn gSA ¼Q+rkok fjt+fo;k&24/313½
fgUnw] ;gwnh] uljkuh dk cuk;k gqvk lkcqu
ftleas pchZ iM+h gks ukikd o gjke gSA
¼Q+rkok jt+fo;k&4/573½
vaxszth nokb;ksa esa ftl d+nj iryh nokb;k¡ gSa
lc eas m+eweu 'kjkc gksrh gS oks lc uftl o
gjke gSaA ¼eYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr&3/365½
ogkch o xS+j eqd+fYyn ls esytksy gjke mlds
lkFk 'kknh C;kg [k+kfyl ft+ukA
dkfQ+j tks gksyh nhokyh eas feBkbZ oxSjkg ck¡Vrs
gS rks ml jkst+ u ys vxj nwljs jkst+ nsa rks ys
ysa vkSj u ;s le> dj fd mu [kqc'kk ¼[kchl½
ds R;kSgkj dh feBkbZ gS cfYd ekys ewt+h ¼t+kfye
dk eky½ ulhcs x+kt+h le>s ¼eYQwt+krs vkyk&
gt+jr&163½
esjs isV eas nnZ Fkk ,d dkfQ+j us esjs isV ij
gkFk j[k dj dgk fd ;gk¡ nnZ gS eq>s mldk
uftl gkFk cnu dks yxus ls bruh djkgr o
uQ+jr iSnk gqbZ fd eSa nnZ Hkwy x;k vkSj ;s
rdyhQ+ ml nnZ ls c<+dj ekv+ywe gqbZ fd ,d
dkfQ+j dk gkFk esjs isV ij gS rks rqEgas Hkh blh
rjg dkfQ+j ls v+nkor ¼nq'euh½ j[kuk pkfg;sA
¼eYQwt+krs vkyk gt+jr&276½
[68]
xUns v+d+kbn o bgfrekyh elkby

01& vxj fdlh eqlyeku us fdlh ft+Eeh dks
lqvj o 'kjkc cspus ;k [k+jhnus ds fy;s odhy
cuk;k rks beke vkt+e ds ut+nhd tkbt+ gSA
¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&4/367½
tcfd vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds jlwy

¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us 'kjkc o
lqvj dh [k+jhn Q+jks[+r dks gjke dj fn;k gSA
gt+jr tkfcj ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg rv+kyk vkSj
mlds jlwy ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½
us 'kjkc] eqnkZj] f[k+Uthj vkSj cqrksa dh [k+jhn o
Q+jks[+r dks gjke dj fn;k vkSj eqnkZj dh pchZ
dks Hkh gjke dj fn;kA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/554-g0&2236½
02&dqRrs vkSj x/ks dks ft+Cgk djds xksLr cspuk

tkbt+ gSA ¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&4/367½
flok; rhu vlckc ds tc dqRrs dks ikyuk

uktkbt+ vkSj dqRrs dk xksLr [kkuk gjke gS rks&
[69]
mldks ft+Cgk djds xksLr cspuk dSls tkbt+ gks

ldrk gSA

v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd gj
,d nk¡r okys nfjUns dk [kkuk gjke gS ¼;kuh
tks nk¡rkas ls f'kdkj djrk gks tSls 'ksj] HksfM+;k]
dqRrk] fcYyh] ox+SjkgA
03& dqRrs ;k fcYyh dks cqykus ;k x/ks dks gk¡dus

ls uekt+ Q+kfln ugha gksrhA ¼nqjsZ eq[+rkj&1/322½
tc uekt+ esa b/kj m/kj ns[kus ls uekt+ Q+kfln

gks tkrh gS rks dqRrs ;k fcYyh dks cqykus ;k x/ks
dks gk¡dus ls uekt+ Q+kfln D;ksa ugha gksxhA
gt+jr vk;'kk ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugk½

Q+jekrh gSa fd eSaus gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg o vkfyfg olYye½ ls ml 'k[+l
ds eqrkv+fYyd+ nj;k¶+r fd;k tks uekt+ eas b/kj
m/kj ns[krk gS rks vki lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye us Q+jek;k ;s 'kSrku dh ,d >iV gS
blds t+fj;s ls oks rqeeas ls fdlh ,d dh uekt+
dks mpd ys tkrk gS ;kuh uekt+ dks Q+kfln dj
nsrk gSA ¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&3/490-g0&3291½
[70]
04& v+kSjr us enZ ds cksls fy;s vkSj rjh ikbZ rks

jkt
s k+ ugha VV
w k exj beke vcw ;l q Qw + ds utn
+ hd
jkst+k VwV tk;sxkA ¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&2/23½
05& tkuoj ;k eqnsZ ls ftekv+ fd;k exj bat+ky

ugha gqvk rks jkst+k Q+kfln ugha gksxkA
¼nqjsZ eq[+rkj&1/564½ ¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&2/23½
06& eqnkZ v+kSjr ;k NksVh yM+dh ls orh dh jku

;k ihB eas orh dh rks jkst+k Q+kfln ugha gksxkA
¼nqjsZ eq[+rkj&1/564½
07& euh vius gkFk ls fudkys ;k v+kSjr ds gkFk

ls fudyok;s ;k enZ o v+kSjr ckge uaxs gksdj
'keZxkgas feyknas vxj bat+ky ugha gqvk rks jkst+k
Q+kfln ugha gksxkA ¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&2/23½
08& gkyrs jkst+k gkFk ls euh fudkyus ls jkst+k

Q+kfln ugha gksrkA ¼nqjsZ eq[+rkj&1/564½
gkyrs jkst+k esa et+dwjk reke ckrsa vknkcs jkst+k

ds f[k+ykQ+ gSa D;ksafd jkst+k egt+ Hkwds vkSj I;kls
jgus dk uke ugha gS cfYd Hkwd vkSj I;kl ds
lkFk lkFk reke ftLeh vkt+k dks 'kj o cqjkbZ
vkSj csg;kbZ ls egQ+wt+ j[kus dk uke jkst+k gS
ftldh csgrjhu tt+k vkSj vTjs v+t+he dk [kqn
vYykg rv+kyk us okv+nk Q+jek;k gS fd jkst+snkj
dks mlds jkst+s dk cnyk eSa [kqn nw¡xkA
[71]

ls fjok;r gS gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg rv+kyk Q+jekrk
gS fd jkst+k [k+kl esjs fy;s gS vkSj eSa [kqn mldk
cnyk nw¡xk pw¡fd bUlku viuh [+okfg'k o fx+t+k
dks esjs fy;s NksM+ nsrk gSA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/392-g0&1894½
¼eqfLye&lgh&3/149-g0&2707½

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd cgqr ls jkst+nkj ,sls gSas
fd ftUgsa Hkwd I;kl ds v+ykok dqN gkfly ugha
gksrkA ¼bCus ektk&1/571-g0&1690½

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd tks gkyrs jksts+ esa gks
vkSj >wBh] csgwnk ckrsa vkSj x+hcr o Q+jsc djs
vkSj ml ij v+ey u NksM+s rks vYykg rv+kyk
dks mlds [kkuk ihuk NksM+us dh dqN ijokg ugha
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&2/397-g0&1903,6057½
¼bCus ektk&lquu&1/571-1g0&689½
[72]
09& cnu ds fdlh Hkh fgLls ij uftl yxh gks

oks pkVus ls ikd gks tkrh gSA
¼nqjsZ eq[+rkj&ft0&1 l0&164½
uftl [+okg x+yht+k gks ;k [k+Q+hQ+k gks

mldk pkVuk fdlh lwjr tkbt+ ugha gS D;ksafd
oks xUnxh gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk us gesa lkQ+
o ikdht+k phtsa+ [kkus dk gqDe Q+jek;k gS&

,s bZeku okyks mu ikdht+k pht+ksa esa ls [kkvks
tks geus rqEgsa v+rk dh gSa vkSj vYykg dk 'kqØ
vnk djks ¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/172½

il tks gyky o ikdht+k fjT+d+ vYykg us rqEgsa
v+rk fd;k gS lks rqe mlesa ls [kk;k djks vkSj
vYykg dh usv+erksa dk 'kqØ ctk ykrs jgksA
¼lw0&ug~y&16/114½

vkt rqEgkjs fy;s ikdht+k pht+sa gyky dj nh
xbZa gSa ¼lw0&ek;nk&5/5½
10& 'kjkc] xsgw¡] tkS] 'kgn] vkyw cq[kkjk o Tokj

dh gyky gS vxj ehBh gksA
[73]
'kjkc fdlh Hkh pht+ dh cuh gks mldk ihuk

gjke gS D;kasfd ftl pht+ dh gqjer dqjku o
vgknhl ls lkfcr gks tk;s oks fdlh Hkh lwjr
tkbt+ o gyky ugha gks ldrhA

vki ls 'kjkc vkSj tq,s dh fuLcr loky djrs
gSa ¼vki½ Q+jekansa fd bu nksukas esa cM+k xqukg gSA
¼lw0&cd+jkg&2/219½

,s bZeku okyks cs'kd 'kjkc o tqvk vkSj ulc
fd;s x;s cqr vkSj Q+ky ds rhj ¼lc½ ukikd o
'kSrkuh dke gSa lks rqe buls ijgst+ djks rkfd
rqe Q+ykg ikvksA ¼lw0&ek;nk&5/90½
gtj + r vcw el w k v'kvj+ h ¼jftv

+ Yykgq rvk+yk
vU+g½q ls fjok;r gS fd gt q j w ¼lYyYykgq rvk+yk
vy + fSg olYye½ us mUgsa ;eu dk gkfde cukdj
Hkstk rks mUgksaus vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg
olYye½ ls mu e'k#ckr ¼ihus dh pht+kas½ ds
eqrkv+fYyd+ loky fd;k tks ogk¡ tkS ls rS;kj
dh tkrh Fkha ftUgas feT+j o dqN e'k#ckr 'kgn
ls rS;kj dh tkrh Fkha ftUgas fcRv+ dgk tkrk Fkk
rks vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us
Q+jek;k fd gj u'kk vkoj pht+ gjke gSA
¼cq[k+kjh&lgh&4/382,g0&4343,4344½
[74]
gt+jr m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

ejôh gS fd tc 'kjkc dh gqjer ukft+y gqbZ
rks ml oD+r ;s ik¡p pht+kas ls rS;kj gksrh Fkh
vaxwj] [k+twj] 'kgn] xUnqe o tkS ls vkSj 'kjkc
¼[k+Ej½ ls eqjkn gj oks pht+ gS tks v+D+y ij
inkZ Mky ns ¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&4/865-g0&3669½
¼fulkbZ&lquu&73/640-g0&5585½
gtj+ r vC+nYqykg fcu me+ j ¼jftv + Yykgq rvk+yk

v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd vYykg rckjd
o rv+kyk us 'kjkc ihus okys] fiykus okys] cspus
okys [k+jhnus okys vaxwj fupksM+us okys] fupqM+okus
okys vkSj mlds mBkus okys vkSj ftldh rjQ+
mBkbZ tk jgh gks mu lc ij ykv+ur Q+jekbZ
gSA ¼vcw nkÅn&lquu&4/868-g0&3674½
gt+jr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYykg ¼jft+vYykgq

rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls fjok;r gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k ftl pht+
dh dlhj fed+nkj u'kk vkoj gks mldh d+yhy
fed+nkj Hkh gjke gSA
gt+jr vk;'kk fln~nhd+k ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

v+Ugk½ ls fjok;r gS fd vki ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk
v+ySfg olYye½ ls 'kgn dh 'kjkc ds ckjs eas
[75]
v+tZ+ fd;k x;k rks jlwyqYykg ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk

v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd ftl 'kjkc eas
u'kk gks oks gjke gSA
¼eqfLye&lgh&5/237-g0&5211½
¼fulkbZ&lquu&3/643-g0&5597,5598½
11& nl ¼10½ lky dk yM+dk ckfyx+k v+kSjr ls

ftekv+ djs rks xqLy okftc ughaA
12& tkuoj ;k eqnkZj ;k de mez dh yM+dh ls

ftekv+ djs vkSj bat+ky u gks rks xqLy Q+tZ+ ugha
xqLy dk oqtwc euh fudyus ij ugha gS cfYd

g'kQ+k ¼lqikjh] ljs t+dj½ tc QqtZ eas nkf[k+y
gks tk;s rks enZ o v+kSjr nksukas ij xqLy okftc
gks x;k exj tc mueas dksbZ uk ckfyx+ gks rks
ml ij okftc ugha ysfdu oks tquqc ¼ukikd½
gksxk vkSj mlds oyh ij ykft+e gS fd mls
xqLy dk gqDe ns tSls oqtw dk gqDe nsrk gS vkSj
vxj oks cxS+j xqLy ds uekt+ i<+sxk rks mldh
uekt+ lghg u gksxh vkSj xqLy ds fy;s flQ+Z
g'kQ+k dk x+k;c gksuk dkQ+h gS reke t+dj dk
x+k;c gks t+#jh ughaA

[76]
rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd 'kkSgj

¼tc½ ml choh dh pkj 'kk[k+kas ds njfe;ku cSBs
vkSj [k+Rus dks [k+Rus ls feykns rks xqLy okftc
gks x;k vxjpk bUt+ky u gksA
¼vcw nkÅn&1/222-g0&216½
¼eqfLye&4/437-g0&783½
gqtwj uch djhe ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg

olYye½ us Q+jek;k fd tc c<+ tk;s [k+Rus dk
ed+ke [k+Rus ds ed+ke ls ;kuh g'kQ+k ¼lqikjh½
x+k;c gks tk;s rks xqLy okftc gks x;kA
13& v+kSjr dh jrwcr ikd gS ;kuh tks 'keZxkg

ls fudyrh gSA ¼nqjsZ eq[+rkj&1/96,166½
14& euh diM+s ij lw[k tk;s rks jxM+ dj lkQ+

djus ls diM+k ikd gks tkrk gSA
15& vxj lk;s s g;

q s enZ ls [kn
q vk+j
S r us orh dh
vkjS enZ us vius u¶l + ij dkcw ns fn;k rk mu
nksukas ij dksbZ gn ughaA
16& [k+yhQ+k] ckn'kkg] beke ft+uk djas rks dksbZ

lt+k ughaA ¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&3/524½
[77]
17& uk ckfyx+ us v+kSjr ls ft+uk fd;k vkSj

v+kSjr us dkcw ns fn;k rks nksauks ij dksbZ gn
ughaA ¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&3/254½
18& uk ckfyx+ us uk ckfyx+ ls ft+uk fd;k rks

dksbZ gn ughaA ¼Q+rkok&v+kye xhjh&3/254½
19& ftl v+kSjr dks btkjg ¼[k+pZ nsdj½ fy;k

x;k gks mlls ft+uk djs rks dksbZ gn ughaA
20& tks v+kSjrs ges'kk ds fy;s gjke gSa tSls ek¡

cgu csVh QwQ+h] [kkyk] buls fudkg djs vkSj
lqgor djs c'krsZ gjke tkudj rks dksbZ gn ugha
et+dwjk elkby cs ekv+uk vkSj cs ljks iSj

vkSj fcYdqy x+yr vkSj f[kykQ+s 'kjv+ gSa D;ksafd
vgdkes 'kjhv+r esa gj xqukg o x+yrh dh lt+k
;k d¶+Q+kjk eqr¸;u gS rks ek¡] cgu] csVh] QwQ+h]
[kkyk] ox+Sjkg ls fudkg djus ckys ij dksbZ gn
¼'kjbZ lt+k½ u gks ;s dSls eqfEdu gks ldrk gS
tcfd ek¡] cgu] csVh] QwQ+h] [kkyk] ox+Sjkg ls
fudkg djus ckyk xqukgs v+t+he dk eqjrfdc gS
oYykgq rv+kyk v+kyew o jlwyqgw v+kye0
vRrykd+q ejZkrkfu Q+belkdqe fcev+#fQ+u vkSrLjhgqe fcbg+lku0
rhu rykd+
dk
“kjbZ g+y
Û d+qjku o vg+knhl dh jks”kuh esa
Û ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+sa g+jke gSa
Û ,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsus ij
,d gh okd+Sv+ gksrh gS
eqv+fYyQ+
Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
09897626182
enkj cqd lsyj

eduiqj ¼dkuiqj½

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बरेलवी फ़िरक़ा जहन्नमी और अहमद रज़ा की कुफ्रिया इबारात

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[02]

© tqeyk gqd+wd+ u’j ds fy;s eg+Qwt+ gaS

uke fdrkc& cjsyoh fQ+jd+k tgUueh

eqv+fYyQ+&Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh

lus b’kkv+r&uoEcj& 2021

t+quSn v+yh d+knjh &

d+her& 50/- #i;s

enkj cqd lsyj tkosn cqd lsyj

vuokj mnZw cqd fMiks

&% rEghn %&

vYykg rckjd o rv+kyk dh rkSQ+hd+ ls eSa

&% cjsyoh fQ+jd+k tgUueh %&

v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk

vc lqoky iSnk gksrk gS fd gj fQ+jd+k

vkSj lgkck ds rjhd+s ij gS rks tc ge dqjku

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS%&

,d nwljs ed+ke ij vYykg rv+kyk Q+jekrk gS

tgUueh fQ+jd+kas ds eqrkv+fYyd+ vYykg rv+kyk

vkSj mlds fny ij eqgj yxk nh gS vkSj mldh

rks bl vk;rs djhek ls gesa ekv+ywe gqvk fd

,d nwljs ed+ke ij bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS

rks ekv+ywe gqvk fd tgUueh fQ+jd+ks ds yksx

ij eqrebZu vkSj [kq'k Q+geh dk f'kdkj gS vkSj

bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS%&

,d vkSj ed+ke ij bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS%&

rks ekv+ywe gqvk fd 72 tgUueh fQ+jd+kas ds

gt+jr vul ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

gt+jr v+CnqYykg fcu m+ej ¼jft+vYykgq

vkSj ,d fjok;r eas gS fd vgys ckfry vgys

gt+jr lwcku ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½ ls

dh rjQ+ ls enn fd;s tk;asxs vkSj tks mudh

gtj + r tkfcj fcu lejq kg ¼jftv

tkesv+ fjok;kr eas gS fd gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq

gtj + r tkfcj fcu vC+nYqykg ¼jftv

vkSj ,d fjok;r eas gS uch vdje ¼lYyYykgq

mudk dqN Hkh fcxkM+ u ldsaxsA

vkSj vg+ys gd+ o vg~ys tUur dh cM+h

gS ;kuh vYykg rv+kyk dk [k+kl Q+T+yks dje gS

rks ekv+ywe gqvk fd cM+h tekv+r tks tUurh

tSlk fd bj'kkns ckjh rv+kyk gS

gt+jr vcw t+j ¼jft+vYykgq rv+kyk v+Ugq½

gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½

gkfly urhtk ;s gS fd eqlyekukas dh cM+h

eqgCcr o v+dhnr j[kh elyu vDlj lgkck]

&% fgLlk nkse %&

&%dkfQ+j vkSj dq¶+j dh rkv+jhQ+%&

eqjrn%& oks 'k[+l ftlus igys dfyek i<+k vkSj

dfyekrs dq¶+j dh rkv+jhQ+%& dq¶+j dk yqx+oh

bZeku ykuk vkSj mldh reke fdrkcksa ij bZeku

gks tks d+k;y dks dq¶+j ls cPkk lds ;kuh ljhg

bfYrt+kes dq¶+j& bldks dq¶+js ljhg] d+rbZ vkSj

mldh t+kstk fdlh ls Hkh fudkg dj ldrh gS

vgen jt+k mQ+Z vkyk gt+jr cjsyoh

,sls dks ¼[kqnk dgrs gSa½ ftl dk cgduk]

fFkjduk] uV dh rjg dyk [ksyuk] v+kSjrksa ls

,sls dks ¼[kqnk dgrs gSa½ ftldk dyke Q+uk

lQ+kg 139 ij fy[kk fd ^^tSls lcdk [kqnk ,d

02& blh rjg dh b+ckjr vgen jt+k dh fdrkc

fiNys lQ+k ij et+dwjk b+ckjkr ds rv+kYyqd+ ls

03& vgen jt+k us viuh fdrkc ^[k+Res ucwor*

m+Yek Q+jekrs gSa fd ljhg rkSghu eas uh;r dk

^^xqLrk[k+kas dk cqjk vUtke** bl fdrkc eas

blh rjg ,d vkSj fdrkc ^^dqfÝ+;k dfyekr ds

'k[+l gqtwj ¼lYyYykgq rv+kyk v+ySfg olYye½