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    Olawale Adebesin
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    PDF Bld 207 Building Services

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    12 views46 pages

    PDF BLD 207 Building Services

    Uploaded by

    Olawale Adebesin

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 46
    Per ib fav obate PES § tor wei FEDERAL. POLY TEH HE, ILL \ MePrRtmEeny AHP GURATIT. OF BUND 1G \ VUR VEL G \ WORK V#OP PRACTICE B TEcttwoLoGy Course Cnten Srurses Of Water of Wetter Appuienc es Ane c Jewk tee Meupal { ee a dystencs > fl ° | td ( Nv%ainwde nd f\ 7 CD + Pl bine chs ta lon i. ss mac? ¥ 4e =<". fr Ge, / CW Vel dl oe D (a) / Og tien = . BUNLDING SERVICES AND EQUIPMENT 7 nip 21a Now SOURCES OF WATER ater fs 4 Compound of hydrogen and Oxygen (H20 ) A tot of ways are the sources of water re is hot weather, thatis, the sun is at its high intensity, water from rivers 1 Rain: v eams and shallow wells evaporate into the ky. Other types of water that can evapora stagnant water and those water that is exposed to the atmosphere. After sometime ater in cloud is much that it can not hold the water, the water falls as rain s. When the rain spping down the atmosp s may be dissolved into them making the water soft. Rain he atmosphe 7 rage the form of flow fou back into the rivers, streams ete, andit . ona Lakes: Lakes are stagnant orm on low level areas of valleys. Majority of them are asonal that ¢ far during the dry season: big lakes like the lake Chad contains water, ighout the seasons and are the major source of water where fishes can he got rce of water but most of them are not portable, e tanks used by the community. Water reservoir form th a ag organi! n the wate River fe the source of water in Nigeria. They are water provided which caRs BAIS ivers are running waters whose SQUrCES at before distribution as pipe ide other sources of energy il ‘ocks and valleys fectricity 5. Wells: ‘These are two types of wells 3. Sholtow wets 1b. Deep wells Ashattow woll may not be deep, bul some are as deep as LOmetres ver, cholera and dysentery, Deep wells may be good for drinking but its not dvisable to drink water frem wells except bore holes that have been treated, Deep wells can be a Wp as 100mwitres, and some are fitted with pumps to pump up the water Lo the surface. All wa we sallow wells must be treated before drinking ce Holes. ‘hese are wells that are dug deep into the ground using special equipment. These are the source of water supply to many rural areas, uit The digging of bore holes are expensive as such many communities cannot afford digging the! ided by government Finally, water that may be good for drinking are those water from boreholes spring and at tir s hould be noted that I waters except those from pipe borne water must be treate r fied into Hal and soft wate ac the locafity catchment area and the nature of stray through which the water percolates t jpply source impurities are absorbed ample, water from peaty areas became acidic and has to be t render it more palatable In fimne stone arc er which has passed through rocky strata containing carbonates and sulphates Of calcium and r nesium dissolve me of these minerals and take them into solution. This dissolvi action changes the water from soft to hard and is made ;possible in the case of temporainill the presence of Carbon dio’ 1 the absonptil OF WATER ; HARDNES. ae Jater pines: Copper pipes are mostly used because it has several merits ike considerable strength, Sho water closet (we) is basically used in discharging effluent waste to the various treatment plant. he use of WC used in discharging efilaont wa Hi serves as means of uisposa serves as sanitary device We fiave many types of we but the common ones are 7 i Wash down type Bs 550: i Close coupie v ii Single traps picnic we Squattiny, pan wé or Fastern a — slot ooh foul waste to various chambers. are the various hygenical devices used in discharge/partial dispos rramic (vitreous china), Clay, Iron (squart Eitan, eppliances ore mave up of many materials, such a Ce ion yan ot Poe pnilate appaliusces are ws follows:, + Water Clo: b. Bidet Urinals ¢. Lavatories (Eg. Was! hand basin) €. Sinks (Belfast sink, stainless sink) {Bath Showers and siiower tray ved ely used in wash-down type, in which then content is most wid ne 11 water cl by a gravity water flush. Squctting pan we or Eastern closet ~The squatting pan in a low level wc, normally used in area ‘usage in maximum because of Its durability. The iron pan type or the ceramic type are the common uses 4, [tis used in longested area, Jr is used in cleaning and bathing processes ashing and may also old BIDGET (Pronound betray trunch little f be used at foot bath. The bidget with hot and cold water supplies. The hot and See > ype, Stall type, range of bows with invented tra for B 610 610 S10 455 455 Bits: Fais?9s ar ies, ned with various shapes ranging from the Surgeon Basin ta the smalt wash Papeibas Th sie are of various sizbs and shapes ais are sal Jor washing band alter meat or when required to wash face and other washes. The SH5i0 Ceti be obtained to Fit wi 4 canner of the room and may be supported by brackets, a pedestal or by inbuilt corect es SINKS yeyltcal Seon } These are available in almost all the materials used for the sanitary appliances. The sinks are basically usec for washiny phe ah Jan © «for washing and bathing |The Traditional roll top face standing Magnatyre r wal. wth ot wiket Gre used fer Rat p: Spy tere eye At fake fi lentes é ey ate piacle ¢. Vibes cite chekma wa, jwoos xCOS SzIS = Bae alepsity | i, alee of # ’ awn w BY bamecion, esi — a |_| Ae tel Tae veel ite wheal cl bye svn Ss * pms ° enn Zt fin To). Fe ooped FBO Be eesednors of discharge vitacle Abe rend & Je air fest. f- vourd Pye BEA tudor. proocere Mi wag Welication of i> Chpuccty Pe Gn pe ~lo of Pi ns normal Ha chdchawe piye ‘ayeleng Fee Gees 0% ol! nani Le pe! 20 beater, / 7 toe fer wh A0 1 brain cloes,,/} Corel bong, ‘eee Re Sant he ae : ‘mete a et teeta tanh tal A me eso er ee adding pint rain sytem: Ths und pound arin Pye Sern ines ih F004 PON sane comin an chur for a gant Sang Mocha ie HEA ‘i a. soil = titer bad s Stooled nes supporting : ineaium (ere econonvee! E = ReMieis egrecteral drain tes) Se ee ‘Biolog! filer Two chombar ceptic tonk feppropriars for ints thon 30 persons) 422 Potala private sewage eaten isan, Dameron are Based x a popatsin served of 10 people, The Aleister st pops eulations septic tanks re treated Teton sete tanks ae iret ws espaol 0 far emiying, unl construction ure eomeered Prot ng Hm poste farmed n Gk contig ie Beese units, They utter c. sc or = Seed unc! ease of comstiuctin Ditiaoret ; Mista ecofeonsnctan arin ae Bufeation by eri tefore the Pian 13s bused on the Ente ay be achieved by & bok acally wih ths ype uranic sets Pltsieal cs foie et Paneer Cle cated pero ery biological filers: ac Y Pours, nop tien OvEF ich he a No wm UPVC avai DL rextebing eve z Le sonev Key pla te dwaiis laryeut f Redding point dverin oigoiem Hi, 106 eain system: A shallosy bowl Access bowl sok waste, rainwater ancl sutface Nt ‘C drainlinss, The bowl 11 wall be seen that the strangle dean cs iMlystration of 4 Opie todding points are a continuation : BT Te pect veh with vn cess cup as ae uldimgs and ere uP Be toes tt ts git ta ree looiph cath ate a grind Jeet the Tength of the ootlel one tricia biocknge: nd thiy antangenwes stunt ws Ne Oe tie sdratatine bstows stl 8 Hage mis eweav ani ch ta ve keyed oF the ig Giapenses with the need for inspection & Mana an illstration of a typical acces Dow a ; __ junctions with appreciable saving in cost. 1 Aloe he lng + giPN gre 99 bed fr pre nn, eo ma. compoeked Bot more than 3 lrcaks in joins Pi fsmeter ofthe pe a Hemet are 1.09.0 n't! Jointing: Thre joining (1) Sock 8) Ssttens Asta ies a ‘seat in ing ene hee ee fig level left during ex easing min hickAe ome Pye omit wonxein oO outict waecar cucese bor dian oyteny Vig. 10TH ve connected 18 shoul “Shane 8 ‘ovmuate blockages the 98 61PE Bey pas to drain. Thin si a Be ened to ining te en weal me oath un easy sce Be ; eu anuyh acces ban YAY NO a ccicuing Uehaurs OTe Ketan sree WAP in ace fun iene PA aie ce cs ba. 1070. wisn io tne wail irscton ant SIN sSste pipe PEt sate pa aes by tering OS he SCS ae FE Daa ta ieee tics (ate ee sou uc Mae bang thst mist DEAE i a oh secant Pertriceie direct) 10 the wopest round We No accommodate “ber ‘io ventilate the I Wass Tmovemeits beta cet wall and OFF { Jap abe raul Fracture te dit cb Fie ees py enongh Te eure pest Sneek cod Sof . ay ork. es if Clem if =. Peakaze, ‘ec bed cder which eS @ Leakace ¢ a. o° if Pe bilke : Me cu ts e fee Pa 5 ex Gene! Bee Aa A ec, % . ae are thst comin (ae ee PPR presut Mast go ol D isterial. .. p oy site Uoet for budaings in cutiying areas where there is no nearly ‘ eran Cosi houtht be watertight 18 loss of water from witht and entry @ | Petia aw opi (9 avoid pound poker. te tet to event ooding at vedio ianiiee, Many focal auther ties js avicea service of emptying cesspool on a regular basis, wey oF inonihly free of charye and niore frequent collections of yayment by the building owner, the ‘authorities empty the e2sspoots by pumping to a tanker which then discharges the fluid liquid to @ ‘sewage treatment works, Some lacal authorities required an over flow drain system to cesspool inthe for: of parous drains Inid near the surface from which the over flow liquid leaks ar soaks into the sirounding ground. The cesspool may be fined with bricks, block or concrete. Bricks oF block linings bins renderat inside and surrounded with conerete outside. The cesspool is covered with a reinforce Concrete slab in which 1s set to cover and fresh air inte. SIC TANKS: This is stall sewvace Lseatment plants, which I an alternative to cesspoot This smal patn ct coaprwses of a septic tank and a filter bed. The foul water is first drain toe uscaly targe enough for forty-eight hours flow, in which the soié organic matte fs Broken athe aetion «1 anaerobic hace and in whieh one sold matterseties to the Bed of Shean fonias cw cco ul the Laquid in tne septic tank as consequence Sotoraie so oh ie _- har.- p> < cee I \ ¢ Ike a —- uy aietl Aten. pps AE Pde which runs upward stor ES bent over the i810 alow the g cold water to a house of the pipes for supplying: "EXPANSION PIPE (VENT pipe) whe 106 of the eyier toa point above wate level inthe storage tank. alternatively, ‘be taken out through the root ‘ni hot water system to expand freely when heated NOT WATER BRANCH PHPES, Emrvine ewes, the fallow coud warer sur? pone system S00 “AN Ray fetings Gebees BLIGE “UPL Wom sole wns Binks and BASINS Which is cusirabie basins and sinks ave supped direc rom the mains whe storage tank. This method provides drinking water at the oF alltype of buildings ee NOSTILS. “Oxygen and Acetylene Cylinders nthe eh pressure systenn, the steel cylinders tested by the Iigher than normatiy re Fig. 1 shows th Saiet theca, nintacturera a's pressure conatiersoty” valved in nerve aoe ee Coen cinder. asi ye ack and nag a right hand ive sewn eye wht {ctw 22.90 ms of ogg An Wy presstre of approx U0 KN ans Onpren te prodaced by MEN Sr. pride intone ro thw presere tegradually Peace aneates fest tevin, taj neyo To be evaporated nd compressed int a steel eytinder Fig.2 shows the acetylene cylinder, ‘This bs plied smaroon and Mas 2 hhand outlet thread. ‘The cylinder ts Ged wilt's porous substance such 48. Kapok ov eharcont; which dives hs nate tn nnorabig Sal SOP lene throughout the cylinder Ane tguid acetone, wish 2 1 ppritaelybvesty-Be are hace een ‘he pores of the kapok or charcoat are fled with toa pressure oF 15 atmonp Shab Knji, the amount of een Absorbed by tho acctone is 876 ines its own volume, The acelPers Ri iveed by adding eatesuos earbide to Wa e-crmle acetylene purified and dried, and then comprensed into the steel esting Safety Precautions {@) Secure the

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