15 are available? What are they? 1 How many types of Electronic Chart Answer there are three types vector chart. (Official) Raster chart. (Official) Unofficial electronie Chart. How ENCs and RNCs are kept up to date? Answer: ENCs and RNCs arc normally kept up to date by applying regular, update information to the chart data via a digital data file. The update file may be transferred by wireless transmission, or on a suitable media, such as a CD-ROM. In these cases the updating of the chart database is done automatically by the ECOIS. Another standard function of ECDIS is the capability to update the ENC manvally. This may be required when a digital update is not available or a hydrographic office has issued 2 update information in a non-digital form. 3 What is the backup requirement for ECDIS? Answer: There are two commonly accepted options: - A second ECDIS, connected to an independent power supply and a separate GPS position input; - Upto date paper‘nautical charts sufficient for the intended voyage c do in the areas without ENC coverage? Answe", Rustes Navigational Charts (RNCs} can be used in ECDIS to meet the SOLAS carriage requirements for nautical charts where there is no ENC coverage. However, this is only allowed if spproved by the Flag State of the ship concerned, In any areas where neither ENCs nor RNCs are available vessels must carry all the paper charts necessary for the intended voyage. 5. What are the measures taken onboard a ship to avoid over reliancé on ECDIS? Answer: There is a tendency to put too much trust in computer-based systems and, in the case of ECDIS, to believe implicitly in whatever is. shown on the chart display. It is essential that officers remember to played information by afl means available: especially by visual observation anvi Bridge-procedures must be adapted potentially adverse consequences. cross check the dis aren trom the bridge window and by watching the radar. comp: and ENC training must be carried out to minimise the appropriately 6. Why Vector charts are called intelligent charts? Ans. Vector cha vi 7 is > charts have been called “intelligent” because they cen show data in layers, allowing you to reduce clutter or add more detail to the chart. 7 What are the major qualities or attributes of an Official ENC?: ‘Ans. Ollicial ENCs have the following quality (attribute): ; ENC-, content is based on source data or official charts of the respo Office. : : 7 ENCs are compiled and coded according to international standards gncsare referred to World Geodetic System 1984 Datum (WGS84); + ENC content is the responsibility of the issuing Hydrographic Office-, + ENCs are issued only by the responsible Hydrographic Office-, and ENCs are regularly updated with official update information distributed digitally 8. What is “Dual Fuel” mode? Ans, Some ECDIS equipment may operate in the Raster Chart Display System (RCOS). This concept. using both data formats together with implemented functionality's in one system is called DUAL FUE model, However official raster charts (ARCS) may be used where ENC are not available along with the Teawirement for the vessel to carry the "appropriate folio" of paper charts when operating in the RCDS mode. Multiple Choice Questions (10 x 1 = 10 Marks! 9. The primary function of ECDIS is to: 3. Eliminate the need to use paper charts. b. Reduce the number of persons on the bridge. © Contribute to safe navigation 4d. Computerize shipboard navigation Aas: ¢ 10. Which of the following is mandatory equipment that must be connected to ECDIS? 2. Radar/ARPA b. Positional navigation sensors (e.g., GPS) c. Track control (autopilot) d. AIS . Ans: b aint betiefit of CCDIS is: Li Aniviaps a. Simple and reliable updating of the ENC b Reducing navigational workload ¢. Providing appropriate alarms or indications d. All of the above, Ans:d 12. Which of the following data layer categories is NOT displayed on ECDIS? a. Notice to Mariners information . ECDIS warnings and messages Page 2 of 15‘ Ship hydrodynamic information o Nydrographic Office dats Ans:c 13. The The database information that should be shown when a chart is first dis a. Display base information b. Standard display information © System electronic nautical chart 4. Chart display information Ans: b 14. ECDIS must give an alarm for which of the following cases? 2. When the specified limit for deviation from the planned route is exceeded 9.1 the ship, within a specitied time set by the watch officer, is going to crass a safety contour ¢. Il the ship, within a specified time set by the watch officer, is going to cross the boundary of 2 prohibited area 4. All of the above Ans: d 15. Which data must ECDIS be able to record at one-minute intervals? a. Position b. Electronic navigational chart source ©. Course made good history d. All of the above sd 16, Which of the following must an ECDIS system is able to perform? ‘display coordinates" a. Conversion of "graphical coordinates" to b. Transformation of local datum to WGS-'84 datum c. Calculation of true azimuth and distance between two geographical points 4. All of the above Ans:d 17. Identify the orientation and mode of display required by the Performance Standards. a. Ship's draft plus under keel clearance. b. North-up orientation and true motion mode, ©. Overwriting of the track file every 24 hours. d, Any orientation in either true or relative mode. Ans: b 18. If the ECOIS monitor's resolution is poor or improperly set, what may be affected on ECDIS? a. Chart scale may be misrepresented, b. Chart features may not be shown in the intended color. ¢. Fineness of detail may be lost, d.Allof the above. Ans: d Page 3 of 15you understand bY Ecos? 5.732 (82), what do nce Standard [see Resolution mo Resolution MS 10 ECDIS Performa 5, necording to! cons equivment (© srectied I the IM 7 Sen ie tion system which, navigation informa! ane chat vonmation system (cc's) means 2 TEVA, mation stem wih vfecrenie Chart Disolay and I”? jrmation aa mE peel: mangements, co" be fi wr calequate back wp arrang nt aaa cove been tested, approved and m0 a Mard 2nd other relevant IMO " 's contained carriage requirement: apii certified as com sance Stand in sO napiee 20. What Is the difference between an ENC and the SENC? Answer: ENC ~ database issued by Hydrographic office that cont afe navigation; may contain supplemental info. tains all charts info needed for s SENC ~ database transformed by ECDIS; equivalent to up-to-date paper chart; m2Y contain info from other sources. 21. Is there any mandatory requirement to carry ECDIS? plementation schedule IMO NAV 54 Sub-Committee meeting concluded with agreement on an im for mandatory ECDIS on deep sea vessels, beginning in 2012. For new build passenger ships of 500 GT and above and tankers of 3000 GT and over, ECDIS becomes compulsory from July 1, 2012 and ssels at dates up to 2014. 22, for other new building ve: hase in period is from 2014-2018, depending on type and size, although For existing vessels the ph there is an exemption clause for vessels within two years of their end of life. unde » Answer: ECS is specified in ISO 19379 as follows: FCS ic n navigation information suscem that electronically displays vessel po.ition and relev chart data ond information from a” ECS Database on a display screen, but does not meet all the IMO requirements for ECDIS and is not intended to satisfy the SOLAS Chapter V requirements to carry 0 navigational chort. ECS equipment ranges fron) simple hand held GPS enabled devices to sophisticated stand-alone computer equipment interfaced to ship systems. 5. What do you understand by the terms SENC and SENC Delivery? Page 4 of 15swer SENC means ANS a database res pase resulting from the transformation of the ENC by ECOIS f use. In order to authorised a ed an optional distrisution mechanism called SENC delivery Th distribution chart d; place inside fata distributor distributor who then performs an ENCt0-SENC conversion (that otherwise wo gr apprapriatt wat, the IHO has to the standard thorized wuld take take a rdvantage of the efficiencies of delivering ENC data in a SENC form sin addition f in 5: of ENC in 5-57 format. tn this case, a RENC delivers the 5-57 based ENGs to an 30 end user. the ECDIS), and delivers the resultant SENC to t 6. What are thy ‘hat are the three major types of Chart Display System? Ans. There are three (3) types of chart display systems © Elec tronic Chart system (ECS) + Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) \ Ans, For an ECDIS to become a legal ea! Electronic Chart Misplay and Information System (ECDIS) 7. For ECDIS to become a legal equivalent of paper charts which crlt ‘The ECDIS must be type approved (meeting with IMO performan The system must have an equivalent type approved jerla must be fulfilled? ent of paper charts following criteria must be fulfled: ce Standard). back-up system that must enable 2 safe ver of navigation and continue safe passage of the voyage if an ECDIS malfunction or fails. back atrangement may be with a full set of paper charts or fully compliant ECOIS. int Hydrographic Office (complying with system must use official ENC issued by Governme! (ii) The IMO/iHO: $57, $52, IEC 60945, IEC 61162-1 and IEC 61174 61174). a (i) taker This {iv) ENC. (i) (i) (ii) (iv) (v) (vi) Display mode. 1. A faulty GP. Ans: False are up-to-date. 8. What SENC Information are displayed in “Display Base” mode? / ‘Ans. Display base, permanently retained on the ECDIS display, consisting of: Coastline (high water); own ship's safety contour, (to be selected by the mariner, by default 30m); ; less than the safety contour which Indication of isolated underwater dangers of depths lie within the safe waters defined by the safety contour; Indication of isolated dangers which lie within the safe water defined by the safety contour such as bridges, overhead wires, etc, and including buoys and beacons whether or not these are being used as aids to navigation. Scale range and north arrow; Unit of depth and height; and True or False (1x 10 = 10 Marks} ’S position presents no risk to navigation by ECOIS: True / False Page 5 of 15iH ses official vector dais soa to comoly v2 True / False as the ECDIS mode v: £¢S is not intend Ans: True: de of poration using raster data, were 3. ACDS is a made of O ers | on an £COIS using vector chart pn vers Woe ing ¥ ce na ‘igplay 7 False formed lnra the SENC database: True / S.ENC date sndefi tes is ant to the current ‘ i jay that is relevant 5. Except rer Visplay 2 oF cies er, ceca for alsplay saa passage: Ans: True ic 2 False particular geodetic datum: True / 7. GPS position information is not correlated to any Ans. False ed chart 8. The position of own ship on,€CDIS is unreliable if the position sensor and the displayed eh nae information have different geodetic coordinate systerns: ons that are geo" -referenced and Ans: True True / False. ig to points, lines and poly Vecto- chart daté is organized accor e coded attributes Ans: True 10, Automatic updates are {ransformed into the SENC in a manner invisible to the user: True / False $ Aas: True 23. What is a SENC? Answer: In order to get efficient data structures that facilitate the rap? display of ENC data, mor ici convert cach ENC dataset fi//n S-57 into an internal machine-langu“.}e format called SENC or System ENC - which is optimised ‘tr chart image creating routines. Eacli £CDIS software manufacturer has its own SENC format. Conseitiently the SENC format may differ between ECDIS manufacturers. 24, How fe an ECDIS approver! and by whom? Answer: To meet SOLAS requirements an ECDIS must be certified to show it conforms to the IMO ferformence Standard for ECDIS. This is achieved through the type approval and certification processes recognized by the relevant Flag ‘itate, ECOIS type approval testing 15 conducted using test standards and procedures developed by the international Electro-technical Commission (IEC). These are based on the IMO Performance Standard for £COIS and the supporting IHO standards (IHO S-52, S-57, 5-63). The IEC testing standard for ECOIS is 1EC 61174. Page 6 of 1525. Whatis the differe the difference between Standard Display and Display Base? Answer: showed when £COIS first turned on; ured far route planning. «aM Standard Display: Levels of SENC into Pending on needs 5, not intended for be modified by mariner de Base Display: Level in info that cannot be removed from display; required at al times, ation 26. In the route planning mode, what are the four primary ways to adjust @ Planned route Answer: Followings are the primary ways to adjust a planned route during route planning: 1. Adding waypoints 2. Deleting waypoints 3. Changing the position of waypoints 27, What Is meant by “Ship safety contour”? Answer: Selected from depth contours provided; more emphasis shown (bold) that other contours. ion provided during route planning. Alarm given if approaching within a specified time period. Default safety contour: 30m or next deeper. 28, What are the two types of Symbology ENC supports? Ans. ENC supports two types of symbology for navigational marking. These two symbol sets are referred to as ‘traditional’ (paper chart) and ‘simplified’. - Traditional symbols look same as on a paper chart. - Simplified symbols appear on ENC vector charts and were invented along with ECDIS standard. Technically they are described in the $52 standard, 29. With regards to ECDIS what is True and Relative Motion? the Ans. ECOIS will be provided with two modes to display own ship's motion i.e. True and Relative. True motion is 2 display in which own ship and each target moves with its own true motion, Ww! portiiun UF aii Ciiatied infunineiion ceviaitis Tacd vel stationary, white all other charted information and targets move relative to own ship's position. 30. What can be done to overcome the Limitations of ECDIS? Ans. Navigator must check the followings: Page 7 of 15tem is common i) Reference sys " ta Charts in use are updated . ti) rn gaming io by "a put — by verifying accura e eee Se aa dip sgorY (what is required to be display’ aac ese ositlon by ae? ES Cross chock vessel's Po (wo : kl: Multiple choice Questions (1 x10 = 10 Marks): jot matching the charted 31. With radar overlay on ECOIS, what can be the cause(s) of radar echoes n¢ position of a fixed object? ip's ice (GPS) a Incorrect input of ship's position fixing device (GPS). ee b, Improper coordinate setting of radar antenna, conning station or ship’ is II that it is showing © Either the Chart Display Category isin Base Display or the scale is so small Layers Lost, d All of the above, Ans:d Which of the following reference systems affect the information on ECDIS? ? 3. Draft of vessel entered into sounder that is connected to ECDIS, b. Physical location of scanner for ARPA connected to ECDIS. ©. Geodetic system used in the creation of the chart data. d. All of the above. Ans: 33. If the ECDIS monitor's resolution is poor or improperly set, what may be affected on ECDIS? 2. Chart scale may be misrepresented, b. Chart features may not be shown in the intended color. ©. Fineness of detail may be lost, d. All of the above. Ans: d ion (buoys) have shifted, how should this be 34. IF itis thought or known that floating aids to navi Interpreted on ECDIS? fi 2 Charted buoy locations are always more reliable than own ship's GPS position information. b. FCDIS always shows the actual location of buoys, ©. Fiysital uuuy positions wioy differ {evi Cha te information, 7 4. Buoy position changes are never included in ENC updates, Ans:c 35. What error may occur in the ECDIS if hydrographic or chart survey datai inaccurate a. The vessel's geographic position may not match the charted display. . Own ship may not be navigating in safe water, despite the information n the ECDIS display. Page 8 of 15¢ Radar overlay and chart d peace cueer fata may appear to be mismatched. Ans: d 6 Whi 36 Which of the following statements best describes manual chart corrections for ECDIS? ? romatic a. Manual corrections constitute user information layers, added by the mariner, with no au! record of installation, b. Manual corrections are included in the CD that vessels receive periodically from NGA (formerly Nima). ©. When U.S. Notice to Mariners is downloaded from the NGA website, the .pdf and -pg files are automatically installed into the ECDIS chart database. 4. All of the above. Ans: a 37. Which data must ECDIS be able to record at one-minute intervals? a. Position b. Electronic navigational chart source c. Course made good history d. All of the above Ans: d 38. Which of the following must an ECDIS system be able to perform? a. Conversion of "graphical coordinates" to "display coordinates” b. Transformation of local datum to WGS-84 datum c. Calculation of true azimuth and distance between two geographical points d. All of the above Ans: 39. Identify the orientation and mode of display required by the Performance Standards. a. Ship’s draft plus under keel clearance. . b. North-up orientation and true motion mode. c. Overwriting of the track file every 24 hours. d. Any orientation in either true or relative mode. Ans: b 18, Ships carrying type approved ECOIS must have an equivalent type approved backup system that must enable a safe takeover of navigation and continue safe passage if the ECDIS fails. ims oack arrangement may be with a full set of paper charts or fully compliant ECDIS. o. b. This back arrangement may be with a full set of paper charts only. ¢._ This back arrangement may be with a fully compliant ECDIS only. d. None of above. Ans:a 40. Why Vector Charts are called intelligent chart? Dann @ nhachave been called “intelligent” because they Can shove Aue called “intellige 7 can si 1 ve been ete veer detail to the chart. you to reduce clutter ar add mort 41, What are the major qualities and attributes of an official ENC ‘Ans. Official ENCs have the following quality (attribute): i ‘ave the following quality (atti r ; . ai : c ae is based on source data or official charts of the responsible Hydrography, ENC., content is based oF e fice. : sds, ae compiled and coded according to international standards + ENCsare referred to World Geodetic System 1984 Datum ete * ENC contents the responsibility of the issuing Hydrographic a ts i hic Office-, and ENCs are issued only by the responsible Hydrograp! al an ENCS are regularly updated with official updat 42. Is there a need to keep ECDIS software updated? jion of the ENC Ans. If ECOIS software is not upgraded to read ENCs based on the latest Pak eee Product Specification or to use the latest version of the 5-52 Presentation Library ‘may be unable to correctly display the latest approved chart symbols. 1HO ECOIS users should ensure that their ECDIS software always conforms to the latest standards, 43. What to do in areas without ENC coverage? Answer: Raster Navigational Charts (RNCs) can be used in ECDIS to meet the SOLAS carriage requirements for nautical charts where there is no ENC coverage. However, this is only allowed if approved by the Flag State of the ship concerned. In any areas where neither ENCs nor RNCs are available vessels must carry all the paper charts Necessary for the intended voyage. 44. What do you understand by the terms SENC and SENC delivery? Answer: SENC means a database resulting from the wansformation of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use. : In order \o take advantage of the efficiencies of delivering ENC data in a SENC format, the [HO has authorised an optional distribution mechanism called SENC delivery, This is in addition to the standard distribution of ENC in S-57 format. In this case, a RENC delivers the $-57 based ENCs to an cdi chact dats distributor who then nerforms an ENC-to-SENC conversion (that otherwise would take place inside the ECDIS), and delivers the resultant SENC to the end user. 45. What is "Dual Fuel” mode? Ans. Some ECDIS equipment may operate in the Raster Chart Display System (RCDS). This concept of using both data formats together with implemented functionality's in one system is called DUAL FUEL model, Page 10 of 15le along with the ay be used where ENC are not availabl ie ever official raster charts (ARCS) m; re Jesuit for the vessel to carry {he “appropriate folio” of paper charts when operating RCDS mode. 6, For ECDIS to become a legal equivalent of paper chart which criteria must be fulfilled? 46, For alega lent of paper charts following criteria must be fulfilled: Ans. For an ECDIS to become a legal equival 1) The ECDIS must be type approved (meeting with IMO performance Standard) sate (vi) The system must have an equivalent type approved back-up system that mut enable aa tion and continue safe passage of the voyage if an ECDIS malfunction or fails. takeover of nay This back arrangement may be with a full set of paper charts or fully compliant ECO!S. (vii) The system must use official ENC issued by Government Hydrographic Office (complying with IMO/IHO: S57, $52, IEC 60945, IEC 61162-1 and IEC 61174 61174). (wii) ENC are up-to-date. 47. What SENC information are displayed in “Display Base” mode? Answer: Display base, permanently retained on the ECDIS display, consisting of: (vii) Coastline (high water); (viii) own ship's safety contour, (to be selected by the mariner, by default 30m); (ix) Indication of isolated underwater dangers of depths less than the safety contour which lie within the safe waters defined by the safety contour; (x) Indication of isolated dangers which lie within the safe water defined by the safety contour such as bridges, overhead wires, etc. and including buoys and beacons whether or not these are being used as aids to navigation. (xi) Scale range and north arrow; . (xii) Unit of depth and height; and Display mode. True or False (1 x 10 = 10 Marks) 1. a) Zooming in very close on an ECDISis called “overscaling”: True / False Ans: True : b) When zooming in very close on an ECDIS displaying a vector chart, some chart objects may be dropped from the display as lost layers: 7 preekee True / False 2. Automatic undates are transformed intn the SENC in a manner invisihla ty thancar Yeu f Eatsa Ans: True 3. ENC updates may be viewed on the ECDIS display: True / False Ans: True ‘ 4, 8) Manual corrections are transformed into the SENC as a user-added information layer: True / F. e into the s auser : a i tion layer: True / Falsi b) The user cannot alter the contents of manual corrections: Page 11 of 15 True / FalseAns: False for the intended voyage that are Vessels subject to SOLAS requirements must carry charts for the intended voyage: that a , 5. Vessels subject t0 ve es an official hydrographic office and that are up-to-dat Ans: True Is cording to 1HO 5-57 edi \eoting SOLAS requirements is produced according in 6. Chart data used by an ECDIS meeting SOLAS req O55 specifications Ans: True ol splay that is relevant to the current 7. Cacept for Display Base, the operator selects chart data for display heat passage: Ans: True 8. GPS position information is not correlated to any particular geodetic daturn: True / False Ans: False 9. The position of own ship on ECOIS is unreliable if the position sensor and the pigeon information have different geodetic coordinate systems: rue Ans: True 10. ENC data and official updates are transformed into the SENC database: True / False Ans: True 48. What do you understand by ECS? Answer: ECS is specified in ISO 19379 as follows: ECS 1s @ navigation information system thot electronically displays vessel position and relevant nautical chart data and information from an ECS Database on a display screen, but does not meet all the IMO requirements for ECDIS and is not intended to satisfy the SOLAS Chapter V requirements to carry a novigational chart. ECS equipment ranges from simple hand held GPS enabled devices to sophisticated stand-alone computer equipment interfaced to ship systems, 49, What is the backup requirement for ECDIS? : Answer: There are two commonly accepted options: ~ A second ECDIS, connected to an independent power Supply and a separate GPS Position input; ~ Up to date paper nautical charts sufficient for the intended voyage 50. Is there any mandatory requirement to carry ECDIS? Answer: IMO NAV 54 Sub-Committee meeting concluded with agreement on an implementation Schedule for mandatory ECDIS on deep sea vessels, beginning in 2012. For new build passenger ships of 500 GT and above and tankers of 3000 GT and over, ECDIS becomes eomnpulsory from uly 51, 1, 2012 and for other new building vessels at dates up to 2014, For existing vessels the phase in period is from 2014-2018, depending on type and size, although there is an exemption clause for vessels within two years of their end of life. 4. How do I recognize an ENC? Page 12 of 15sta, When unofficial data 1. used, buns that they must navigate by rneans of an Answer: An ECDIS distinguishes ENC d: fontinuous warning on the sere provides mariners with ollicial, up to date, paper chart bonesided are identified by a special sine sty unofficial data is displayed on ECDIS, ths boundat on the side of the line containing the unofficia! 2°2 RED how with the diagonal strok en onboard a ship to avold over reliance on ECDIS? 5. What are the measures er-based systems and, in the case of ECDIS, jal that officers rernember to ysl ob: ation and t be adapted Answer: There isa tendency to put too much trust in comput to believe implicitly in whatever Is shown on the chart display, It fs essenti cross check the displayed information by all means available; espectally by comparison from the bridge window and by watching the radar, Bridge-procedures rus appropriately and ENC training must be carried out to minimise the potentially adverse consequences, (. What SENC information are displayed in “Display Base” mode? Answer: Display base, permanently retained on the ECDIS display, consisting of: (xiii) Coastline (high water); own ship's safety contour, (to be selected by the mariner, by default 30m); (xiv) (xv) Indication of isolated underwater dangers of depths less than the safety contour which lie within the safe waters defined by the safety contour; (xvi) Indication of isolated dangers which lie within the safe water defined by the safety contour such as bridges, overhead wires, etc. and including buoys and beacons whether or not these are being used as aids to navigation. (xvii) Scale range and north arrow; (xviii) Unit of depth and height; and Display mode. 7. What are the two types of Symbology ENC supports? Answer: ENC supports two types of symbology for navigational marking. These two symbol sets — are referred to as ‘traditional’ (paper chart) and simplified’. - Traditional symbols look same as ona paper chart. - Simplified symbols appear on ENC vector charts and were invented along with ECDIS standard, Technically they are described in the $52 standard, With regards to FCDIS what is True and Relative motion? Ans. ECDIS will be provided with two modes to display own ship's motion i.e. True and Relative. True motion is a display in which own ship and each target moves with its own true motion, . while the position of all charted information remains fixed where as in relative moiion display own ship remains stationary, while all other charted information and targets move relative to own ship's position.7 0 Mares wultiple Choice Questions (1x 19 =10 May alarm for which of the following cases? ete ali ned route is exceede: b ed time set by the watch o} a cena If the ship, within a specified t prohibited area d. All of the above Ans:d wute intervals? 10. Which data must ECDIS be able to record at one-minute interval: 2. Position b. Electronic navigational chart source © Course made good history 4. All of the above Ans:d 11. Which of the following must an ECOIS system be able to perform? 2. Conversion of “graphical coordinates" to "display coordinates" , Transformation of local datum to WGS-'84 datum ©. Calculation of true azimuth and distance between two geographical points d. All of the above Ans: d 12, Identify the orientation and mode of display required by the Performance Standards. 8. Ship's draft plus under keel clearance. 5. North-up orientation and true motion mode. ¢. Overwriting of the track file every 24 hours. d. Any orientation in either true or relative mode. Ans: b 13. If the ECDIS monitor's resolution is poor or improperly set, what may be affected on ECDIS? a. Chart scale may be misrepresented, ©. Chart features may not be shown in the intended coior, c. Fineness of detail may be lost, . d_ All of the above, Ans: d 14 Which of the following is mandatory equipment that must be connected to ECDIS? a. Radar/ARPA . Positional navigation sensors (¢.g., GPS) ©. Track control (autopilot) d. AIS Page 14 of 15Ans: b 16 Which of the following data layer categorins is HOT displayed on FCDIS ) Notice to Mariners information, bE COIS warnings and message © Ship hydrodynamic information 1 Hydrographic Office data Ans: Ih Raster chart data is to or peel’, A dipitized "picture" of a chart comprised of millions of "picture elemen| b Aphoto/scan copy of a paper chart. ‘A modern and advanced method of Chart System launched by USA Old fathom charts. ce Ans:b 17, The symbols for ECDIS are based on: a. Completely new design elements introduced by IMO. b. The familiar paper chart symbols, with some optional extras such as simplified buoy symbols that show up better at night. ‘The familiar paper chart symbols, with no extra symbols what so ever . None bf above. ec Ans:b 18, Ships carrying type approved ECDIS must have an equivalent type approved backup system that must enable = :xfe takeover of navigation and continue safe passage if the ECOIS fails. This back arrangement may be with a full set of paper charts or fully compliant ECDIS. e. {. This back arrangement may be with a full set of paper charts only. 1g. This back arrangement may be with a fully compliant ECOIS only. h. None of above.